CA2797831C - Method of manufacturing a lithium transition metal phosphate - Google Patents
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- CA2797831C CA2797831C CA2797831A CA2797831A CA2797831C CA 2797831 C CA2797831 C CA 2797831C CA 2797831 A CA2797831 A CA 2797831A CA 2797831 A CA2797831 A CA 2797831A CA 2797831 C CA2797831 C CA 2797831C
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/45—Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/08—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles
- B01J8/10—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with moving particles moved by stirrers or by rotary drums or rotary receptacles or endless belts
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/04—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
Disclosed is a method for manufacturing a lithium transition metal phosphate.
The disclosed method for manufacturing a lithium transition metal phosphate comprises the steps of: injecting reaction materials containing lithium, a transition metal, and a phosphate, into a reactor, and mixing the raw materials at the molecular level in the reactor; and allowing the reaction materials to chemically react in the reactor so as to cause nucleation.
The disclosed method for manufacturing a lithium transition metal phosphate comprises the steps of: injecting reaction materials containing lithium, a transition metal, and a phosphate, into a reactor, and mixing the raw materials at the molecular level in the reactor; and allowing the reaction materials to chemically react in the reactor so as to cause nucleation.
Description
METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A LITHIUM TRANSITION METAL PHOSPHATE
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a method of preparing lithium transition metal phosphate, and in particular, to a method of preparing lithium transition metal phosphate, wherein the method includes: feeding reactants including lithium, a transition metal, and phosphoric acid into a reactor, mixing the reactants at a molecular level in the reactor; and generating a crystal nucleus by chemically reacting the reactants in the reactor.
BACKGROUND ART
Lithium transition metal phosphate (LiMP04, where M denotes a transition metal; hereinafter referred to as LMP) is a promising cathode active material for lithium secondary batteries.
As a method of preparing LMP, for example, a solid phase method and a sol-gel method are used.
In a solid phase method, solid-phase reactants are mixed and heated to prepare LMP. However, due to the high heating temperature, it is difficult to obtain uniform nanoparticles. Also, to manufacture such uniform nanoparticles, micro-particle powder reactants are required. Accordingly, a dependency on reactants is high and thus economic efficiency reduces.
Moreover, the solid phase method involves thermal treatment in a reducing condition, which requires particular attention. Due to a low electric conductivity of LMP, to realize battery characteristics, surfaces of LMP particles need to be coated with a conductive material. However, this surface coating is difficult to be implemented with the solid phase method.
In a sol-gel method, a metal alkoxide source material is transformed into a sol state and then gelled through condensation reaction, followed by drying and heating to prepare LMP. However, reactants used in this method are expensive and also, this method is based on an organic solvent. Accordingly, manufacturing costs are high.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL PROBLEM
The present invention provides a method of preparing a lithium transition metal phosphate, wherein the method includes: feeding reactants including lithium, a transition metal, and phosphoric acid into a reactor, followed by mixing the reactants at a molecular level in the reactor; and generating a crystal nucleus by chemically reacting the reactants in the reactor.
TECHNICAL SOLUTION
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of preparing lithium transition metal phosphate, the method including: feeding reactants comprising lithium, a transition metal, and phosphoric acid into a reactor, and mixing the reactants at a molecular level in the reactor; and generating a crystal nucleus by chemically reacting the reactants in the reactor.
The transition metal may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co, and Ni.
The chemical reaction may be an acid-base reaction.
The reactants may be fed in at least one of a solution form and a suspension form into the reactor.
The reactants may include an acidic source material and a basic source material, wherein the acidic source material may be fed into the reactor through a first source material feeding line, and the basic source material may be fed into the reactor through a second source material feeding line.
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to a method of preparing lithium transition metal phosphate, and in particular, to a method of preparing lithium transition metal phosphate, wherein the method includes: feeding reactants including lithium, a transition metal, and phosphoric acid into a reactor, mixing the reactants at a molecular level in the reactor; and generating a crystal nucleus by chemically reacting the reactants in the reactor.
BACKGROUND ART
Lithium transition metal phosphate (LiMP04, where M denotes a transition metal; hereinafter referred to as LMP) is a promising cathode active material for lithium secondary batteries.
As a method of preparing LMP, for example, a solid phase method and a sol-gel method are used.
In a solid phase method, solid-phase reactants are mixed and heated to prepare LMP. However, due to the high heating temperature, it is difficult to obtain uniform nanoparticles. Also, to manufacture such uniform nanoparticles, micro-particle powder reactants are required. Accordingly, a dependency on reactants is high and thus economic efficiency reduces.
Moreover, the solid phase method involves thermal treatment in a reducing condition, which requires particular attention. Due to a low electric conductivity of LMP, to realize battery characteristics, surfaces of LMP particles need to be coated with a conductive material. However, this surface coating is difficult to be implemented with the solid phase method.
In a sol-gel method, a metal alkoxide source material is transformed into a sol state and then gelled through condensation reaction, followed by drying and heating to prepare LMP. However, reactants used in this method are expensive and also, this method is based on an organic solvent. Accordingly, manufacturing costs are high.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL PROBLEM
The present invention provides a method of preparing a lithium transition metal phosphate, wherein the method includes: feeding reactants including lithium, a transition metal, and phosphoric acid into a reactor, followed by mixing the reactants at a molecular level in the reactor; and generating a crystal nucleus by chemically reacting the reactants in the reactor.
TECHNICAL SOLUTION
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of preparing lithium transition metal phosphate, the method including: feeding reactants comprising lithium, a transition metal, and phosphoric acid into a reactor, and mixing the reactants at a molecular level in the reactor; and generating a crystal nucleus by chemically reacting the reactants in the reactor.
The transition metal may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co, and Ni.
The chemical reaction may be an acid-base reaction.
The reactants may be fed in at least one of a solution form and a suspension form into the reactor.
The reactants may include an acidic source material and a basic source material, wherein the acidic source material may be fed into the reactor through a first source material feeding line, and the basic source material may be fed into the reactor through a second source material feeding line.
2 The acidic source material may include lithium, a transition metal, and phosphoric acid, and the basic source material may include an inorganic base.
The acidic source material may include a transition metal and phosphoric acid, and the basic source material may include lithium.
The acidic source material may include lithium and phosphoric acid, and the basic source material may include a transition metal.
The basic source material may include lithium and a transition metal, and the acidic source material may include phosphoric acid.
A time (TM) taken to mix the reactant at the molecular level may be shorter than a time (TN) taken to generate the crystal nucleus.
The time (TM) may be in a range of 10 to 100ps, and the time (TN) may be 1 ms or less.
An inner temperature of the reactor may be maintained in a range of 0 to 90 C.
A molar ratio of lithium and the transition metal to the phosphoric acid ((Li+M)/phosphoric acid) in the reactants may be in a range of about 1.5 to about 2.5.
A retention time of the reactants in the reactor may be in a range of 1 ms to 10s.
The reactor may be a high gravity rotating packed bed reactor including: a chamber that defines an inner space; a permeable packed bed that is rotatable, is disposed inside the chamber, and is filled with a porous filler; at least one source material feeding line through which the reactants are fed into the inner space; and a slurry outlet through which a slurry is discharged from the inner space.
The reaction may further include a gas outlet for discharging gas from the inner space.
The porous filler may include titanium.
A centrifugal acceleration of the permeable packed bed may be in a range of
The acidic source material may include a transition metal and phosphoric acid, and the basic source material may include lithium.
The acidic source material may include lithium and phosphoric acid, and the basic source material may include a transition metal.
The basic source material may include lithium and a transition metal, and the acidic source material may include phosphoric acid.
A time (TM) taken to mix the reactant at the molecular level may be shorter than a time (TN) taken to generate the crystal nucleus.
The time (TM) may be in a range of 10 to 100ps, and the time (TN) may be 1 ms or less.
An inner temperature of the reactor may be maintained in a range of 0 to 90 C.
A molar ratio of lithium and the transition metal to the phosphoric acid ((Li+M)/phosphoric acid) in the reactants may be in a range of about 1.5 to about 2.5.
A retention time of the reactants in the reactor may be in a range of 1 ms to 10s.
The reactor may be a high gravity rotating packed bed reactor including: a chamber that defines an inner space; a permeable packed bed that is rotatable, is disposed inside the chamber, and is filled with a porous filler; at least one source material feeding line through which the reactants are fed into the inner space; and a slurry outlet through which a slurry is discharged from the inner space.
The reaction may further include a gas outlet for discharging gas from the inner space.
The porous filler may include titanium.
A centrifugal acceleration of the permeable packed bed may be in a range of
3 to 100,000m/s2.
The lithium transition metal phosphate may have an olivine type crystal structure.
Thus, there is provided a method of preparing lithium transition metal 5 phosphate, the method comprising: feeding reactants comprising lithium, a transition metal, and phosphoric acid into a reactor, and mixing the reactants at a molecular level in the reactor; and generating a lithium transition metal phosphate crystal nucleus by chemically reacting the reactants in the reactor, wherein the term 'mixing at a molecular level' refers to mixing at a level at which the respective molecules are 10 mixed, wherein the reactants comprise an acidic source material and a basic source material, wherein the acidic source material is fed into the reactor through a first source material feeding line and the basic source material is fed into the reactor through a second source material feeding line, wherein the acidic source material comprises lithium, a transition metal, and phosphoric acid, and the basic source material comprises an inorganic base; the acidic source material comprises a transition metal and phosphoric acid, and the basic source material comprises lithium; the acidic source material comprises lithium and phosphoric acid, and the basic source material comprises a transition metal; or the basic source material comprises lithium and a transition metal, and the acidic source material comprises phosphoric acid, wherein the reactor is a high gravity rotating packed bed reactor comprising: a chamber that defines an inner space; a permeable packed bed that is configured to rotate, is disposed inside the chamber, and is filled with a porous filler;
at least one source material feeding line through which the reactants are fed into the inner space; and a slurry outlet through which a slurry is discharged from the inner space, wherein a time (TM) taken to mix the reactant at the molecular level is shorter than a time (TN) taken to generate the crystal nucleus, and wherein IM is in a range of 10 to 100 ps and TN is I ms or less.
The lithium transition metal phosphate may have an olivine type crystal structure.
Thus, there is provided a method of preparing lithium transition metal 5 phosphate, the method comprising: feeding reactants comprising lithium, a transition metal, and phosphoric acid into a reactor, and mixing the reactants at a molecular level in the reactor; and generating a lithium transition metal phosphate crystal nucleus by chemically reacting the reactants in the reactor, wherein the term 'mixing at a molecular level' refers to mixing at a level at which the respective molecules are 10 mixed, wherein the reactants comprise an acidic source material and a basic source material, wherein the acidic source material is fed into the reactor through a first source material feeding line and the basic source material is fed into the reactor through a second source material feeding line, wherein the acidic source material comprises lithium, a transition metal, and phosphoric acid, and the basic source material comprises an inorganic base; the acidic source material comprises a transition metal and phosphoric acid, and the basic source material comprises lithium; the acidic source material comprises lithium and phosphoric acid, and the basic source material comprises a transition metal; or the basic source material comprises lithium and a transition metal, and the acidic source material comprises phosphoric acid, wherein the reactor is a high gravity rotating packed bed reactor comprising: a chamber that defines an inner space; a permeable packed bed that is configured to rotate, is disposed inside the chamber, and is filled with a porous filler;
at least one source material feeding line through which the reactants are fed into the inner space; and a slurry outlet through which a slurry is discharged from the inner space, wherein a time (TM) taken to mix the reactant at the molecular level is shorter than a time (TN) taken to generate the crystal nucleus, and wherein IM is in a range of 10 to 100 ps and TN is I ms or less.
4 ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS
According to the embodiments of the present invention, a lithium transition metal phosphate preparation method may produce LMP with uniform particle size distribution and high purity in large quantities at low-costs, the method including feeding reactants including lithium, a transition metal, and phosphoric acid into a reactor and mixing the reactants at a molecular level in the reactor; and generating a crystal nucleus by chemically reacting the reactants in the reactor.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a high gravity rotating packed bed reactor that is used in a method of preparing a lithium transition metal phosphate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of lithium transition metal phosphate nanoparticles prepared according to Example 1.
FIG. 3 illustrates an X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the lithium transition metal phosphate nanoparticles prepared according to Example 1.
FIG. 4 is a TEM image of lithium transition metal phosphate nanoparticles prepared according to Example 2.
FIG. 5 illustrates an X-ray diffraction pattern of lithium transition metal phosphate nanoparticles prepared according to Example 2.
FIG. 6 is a TEM image of lithium transition metal phosphate nanoparticles prepared according to Example 3.
FIG. 7 illustrates an X-ray diffraction pattern of lithium transition metal phosphate nanoparticles prepared according to Example 3.
FIG. 8 shows a TEM image of lithium transition metal phosphate nanoparticles prepared according to Example 4.
According to the embodiments of the present invention, a lithium transition metal phosphate preparation method may produce LMP with uniform particle size distribution and high purity in large quantities at low-costs, the method including feeding reactants including lithium, a transition metal, and phosphoric acid into a reactor and mixing the reactants at a molecular level in the reactor; and generating a crystal nucleus by chemically reacting the reactants in the reactor.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a high gravity rotating packed bed reactor that is used in a method of preparing a lithium transition metal phosphate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a transmission electron microscope (TEM) image of lithium transition metal phosphate nanoparticles prepared according to Example 1.
FIG. 3 illustrates an X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the lithium transition metal phosphate nanoparticles prepared according to Example 1.
FIG. 4 is a TEM image of lithium transition metal phosphate nanoparticles prepared according to Example 2.
FIG. 5 illustrates an X-ray diffraction pattern of lithium transition metal phosphate nanoparticles prepared according to Example 2.
FIG. 6 is a TEM image of lithium transition metal phosphate nanoparticles prepared according to Example 3.
FIG. 7 illustrates an X-ray diffraction pattern of lithium transition metal phosphate nanoparticles prepared according to Example 3.
FIG. 8 shows a TEM image of lithium transition metal phosphate nanoparticles prepared according to Example 4.
5 FIG. 9 illustrates an X-ray diffraction pattern of lithium transition metal phosphate nanoparticles prepared according to Example 4.
BEST MODE
Hereinafter, methods of preparing lithium transition metal phosphate according to embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
A method of preparing lithium transition metal phosphate according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: feeding reactants including lithium, a transition metal, and phosphoric acid into a reactor and mixing the reactants at a molecular level in the reactor; and generating a crystal nucleus by chemically reacting the reactants in the reactor, followed by growing the crystal nucleus into a nano-sized crystal. Thereafter, the resultant slurry obtained from the reaction described above is filtered, washed, dried, and/or heated to prepare nano-sized lithium transition metal phosphate (LMP).
The term 'lithium' used herein refers to a lithium compound, a lithium atom, and/or a lithium ion depending on the context, and the term 'transition metal' used herein refers to a transition metal compound, a titanium metal atom, and/or a transition metal ion depending on the context. The transition metal may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co, and Ni.
Also, the term 'mixing at a molecular level' refers to mixing at a level at which the respective molecules are mixed. Typically, 'mixing' can be classified into as 'macro-mixing' and 'micro-mixing.' The 'macro-mixing' refers to mixing at a vessel scale, and the 'micro-mixing' refers to mixing at a molecular level.
The reactants may be fed in at least one of a solution form and a suspension form into the reactor.
The reactants may include an acidic source material and a basic source material. In this case, the acidic source material may be fed into the reactor through
BEST MODE
Hereinafter, methods of preparing lithium transition metal phosphate according to embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
A method of preparing lithium transition metal phosphate according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: feeding reactants including lithium, a transition metal, and phosphoric acid into a reactor and mixing the reactants at a molecular level in the reactor; and generating a crystal nucleus by chemically reacting the reactants in the reactor, followed by growing the crystal nucleus into a nano-sized crystal. Thereafter, the resultant slurry obtained from the reaction described above is filtered, washed, dried, and/or heated to prepare nano-sized lithium transition metal phosphate (LMP).
The term 'lithium' used herein refers to a lithium compound, a lithium atom, and/or a lithium ion depending on the context, and the term 'transition metal' used herein refers to a transition metal compound, a titanium metal atom, and/or a transition metal ion depending on the context. The transition metal may include at least one selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co, and Ni.
Also, the term 'mixing at a molecular level' refers to mixing at a level at which the respective molecules are mixed. Typically, 'mixing' can be classified into as 'macro-mixing' and 'micro-mixing.' The 'macro-mixing' refers to mixing at a vessel scale, and the 'micro-mixing' refers to mixing at a molecular level.
The reactants may be fed in at least one of a solution form and a suspension form into the reactor.
The reactants may include an acidic source material and a basic source material. In this case, the acidic source material may be fed into the reactor through
6 a first source material feeding line and the basic source material may be fed into the reactor through a second source material feeding line. After the acidic source material and the basic source material are respectively fed into the reactor through the first and second source material feeding lines, the acidic source material and the basic source material are respectively mixed at the molecular level in the reactor and then subjected to a chemical reaction, such as an acid-base reaction, to form LMP
nanoparticles.
The acidic source material may include lithium, a transition metal, and phosphoric acid. For example, the acidic source material may include lithium chloride, a transition metal chloride, and H3PO4. The acidic source material may be, for example, a LiCl/FeC12/H3PO4 aqueous solution or an aqueous suspension. In this case, the basic source material may include an inorganic base, such as NH4OH.
The acidic source material may include a transition metal and phosphoric acid.
The basic source material may include lithium. For example, the acidic source material may include transition metal chloride, such as FeCl2, and H3PO4, and the basic source material may include lithium hydroxide, such as Li0H.
The acidic source material may include lithium and phosphoric acid. The basic source material may include a transition metal. For example, the acidic source material may include lithium chloride, such as LiCI, and H3PO4. The basic source material may include a transition metal hydroxide, such as Fe(OH)2.
The basic source material may include lithium and a transition metal. For example, the basic source material may include lithium hydroxide and a transition metal hydroxide. The basic source material may be, for example, a Li0H/Fe(OH)2 aqueous solution or an aqueous suspension. In this case, the acidic source material may include phosphoric acid, such as H3PO4, and optionally, another inorganic acid and/or organic acid.
These lithium chloride, transition metal chloride, lithium hydroxide, transition
nanoparticles.
The acidic source material may include lithium, a transition metal, and phosphoric acid. For example, the acidic source material may include lithium chloride, a transition metal chloride, and H3PO4. The acidic source material may be, for example, a LiCl/FeC12/H3PO4 aqueous solution or an aqueous suspension. In this case, the basic source material may include an inorganic base, such as NH4OH.
The acidic source material may include a transition metal and phosphoric acid.
The basic source material may include lithium. For example, the acidic source material may include transition metal chloride, such as FeCl2, and H3PO4, and the basic source material may include lithium hydroxide, such as Li0H.
The acidic source material may include lithium and phosphoric acid. The basic source material may include a transition metal. For example, the acidic source material may include lithium chloride, such as LiCI, and H3PO4. The basic source material may include a transition metal hydroxide, such as Fe(OH)2.
The basic source material may include lithium and a transition metal. For example, the basic source material may include lithium hydroxide and a transition metal hydroxide. The basic source material may be, for example, a Li0H/Fe(OH)2 aqueous solution or an aqueous suspension. In this case, the acidic source material may include phosphoric acid, such as H3PO4, and optionally, another inorganic acid and/or organic acid.
These lithium chloride, transition metal chloride, lithium hydroxide, transition
7 metal hydroxide, and phosphoric acid are relatively inexpensive, and thus may reduce preparation costs of lithium transition metal phosphate nanoparticles.
The chemical reaction may be an acid-base reaction during which one equivalent of an acid is reacted with one equivalent of a base in the reactants and thus the acid and the base in the reactants lose their acidic or basic properties.
A time (TM) taken to mix the reactants at the molecular level may be shorter than a time (TN) taken to generate the crystal nucleus.
The term 'TM' used herein refers to a period of time from when the mixing begins to when a composition of the mixture becomes spatially uniform, and the term 'TN' used herein refers to a period of time from when the generating the crystal nucleus begins to when the crystal nucleus generation rate reaches an equilibrium, thereby remaining constant.
As described above, by controlling TM to be shorter than TN, the intermolecular mixing is maximized before the generating the crystal nucleus begins in the reactor.
By doing so, nano-sized LMP particles having a uniform particle distribution may be obtained. For example, TM may be in a range of 10 to 100 ps and TN may be 1 ms or less. If TM is less than 10 ps, manufacturing costs may be increased, and if TM is greater than 100 ps, uniformity of particle sizes may be reduced. Also, if TN
is greater than 1 ms, an appropriate level of reaction may not occur and thus a product yield may become low.
In preparing LMP nanoparticles, an inner temperature of the reactor may be in a range of 0 to 90 C, for example, 20 to 80 C. If the inner temperature is lower than 0 C, an appropriate product yield may not be obtained.
If the inner temperature is higher than 90 C, TN may not be controllable.
Also, a molar ratio of a total of lithium and transition metal (i.e. Li + M) to phosphoric acid ((Li+M)/phosphoric acid) among the reactants may be in a range of 1.5 to 2.5. If the molar ratio ((Li+M)/phosphoric acid) is less than 1.5, a metal
The chemical reaction may be an acid-base reaction during which one equivalent of an acid is reacted with one equivalent of a base in the reactants and thus the acid and the base in the reactants lose their acidic or basic properties.
A time (TM) taken to mix the reactants at the molecular level may be shorter than a time (TN) taken to generate the crystal nucleus.
The term 'TM' used herein refers to a period of time from when the mixing begins to when a composition of the mixture becomes spatially uniform, and the term 'TN' used herein refers to a period of time from when the generating the crystal nucleus begins to when the crystal nucleus generation rate reaches an equilibrium, thereby remaining constant.
As described above, by controlling TM to be shorter than TN, the intermolecular mixing is maximized before the generating the crystal nucleus begins in the reactor.
By doing so, nano-sized LMP particles having a uniform particle distribution may be obtained. For example, TM may be in a range of 10 to 100 ps and TN may be 1 ms or less. If TM is less than 10 ps, manufacturing costs may be increased, and if TM is greater than 100 ps, uniformity of particle sizes may be reduced. Also, if TN
is greater than 1 ms, an appropriate level of reaction may not occur and thus a product yield may become low.
In preparing LMP nanoparticles, an inner temperature of the reactor may be in a range of 0 to 90 C, for example, 20 to 80 C. If the inner temperature is lower than 0 C, an appropriate product yield may not be obtained.
If the inner temperature is higher than 90 C, TN may not be controllable.
Also, a molar ratio of a total of lithium and transition metal (i.e. Li + M) to phosphoric acid ((Li+M)/phosphoric acid) among the reactants may be in a range of 1.5 to 2.5. If the molar ratio ((Li+M)/phosphoric acid) is less than 1.5, a metal
8 phosphate secondary phase such as L1FeP207 and Fe4(P207)3 may be deposited on the surfaces of the LMP nanoparticles. If the molar ratio ((Li+M)/phosphoric acid) is greater than 2.5:secondary phases such as Li20, Fe203, Fe2P, Li3PO4., and Li4P207 may be deposited on the surfaces of the LMP nanoparticles.
A retention time of the reactants in the reactor may be in a range of 1 ms to s, for example, 10 ms to 5 s. If the retention time of the reactants is less than 1 ms, an appropriate level of reaction may not occur, and if the retention time of the reactants is greater than 10 s, controlling a particle size of LMP may be difficult and manufacturing costs may be increased.
10 FIG.
1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a high gravity rotating packed bed reactor 10 that is used in a method of preparing lithium transition metal phosphate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The high gravity rotating packed bed reactor 10 may include a chamber 11 delimiting an inner space, a permeable packed bed 12 that is rotatable, is disposed inside the chamber 10, and is filled with a porous filler 12a, at least one source material feeding line through which the reactants are fed into the inner space, and a slurry outlet 15 through which a slurry is discharged from the inner space.
The reactor 10 may further include a gas outlet 16 for discharging a gas from the inner space.
The porous filler 12a may include titanium, which is a strong corrosion-resistant material. For example, the porous filler 12a may be a titanium foam.
The permeable packed bed 12 may be filled with the porous filler 12a therein and may allow the reactants fed in a solution or suspension form into the reactor 10 to permeate therethrough, and may be rotatable by a driving axis 13. A
centrifugal acceleration of the permeable packed bed 12 may be maintained in a range of 10 to 100,000 m/s2. If the centrifugal acceleration of the permeable packed bed 12 is less
A retention time of the reactants in the reactor may be in a range of 1 ms to s, for example, 10 ms to 5 s. If the retention time of the reactants is less than 1 ms, an appropriate level of reaction may not occur, and if the retention time of the reactants is greater than 10 s, controlling a particle size of LMP may be difficult and manufacturing costs may be increased.
10 FIG.
1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a high gravity rotating packed bed reactor 10 that is used in a method of preparing lithium transition metal phosphate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
The high gravity rotating packed bed reactor 10 may include a chamber 11 delimiting an inner space, a permeable packed bed 12 that is rotatable, is disposed inside the chamber 10, and is filled with a porous filler 12a, at least one source material feeding line through which the reactants are fed into the inner space, and a slurry outlet 15 through which a slurry is discharged from the inner space.
The reactor 10 may further include a gas outlet 16 for discharging a gas from the inner space.
The porous filler 12a may include titanium, which is a strong corrosion-resistant material. For example, the porous filler 12a may be a titanium foam.
The permeable packed bed 12 may be filled with the porous filler 12a therein and may allow the reactants fed in a solution or suspension form into the reactor 10 to permeate therethrough, and may be rotatable by a driving axis 13. A
centrifugal acceleration of the permeable packed bed 12 may be maintained in a range of 10 to 100,000 m/s2. If the centrifugal acceleration of the permeable packed bed 12 is less
9 than 10 m/s2, an appropriate level of reaction may not occur. Meanwhile, the centrifugal acceleration of the permeable packed bed 12 cannot exceed 100,000 m/s2 in terms of reactor design technology.
Although the reactor 10 having such a structure operates in an atmospheric condition, because the reactants can be mixed at the molecular level by a high centrifugal force by controlling the rotational speed of the permeable packed bed 12, the reaction may be smoothly performed even at low temperature. That is, because micro droplets of the reactants are well mixed before growth of LMP particles, uniform LMP nanoparticles may be obtained even at low temperature. Use of the continuous reactor 10 ensures production of LMP on a mass scale.
LMP prepared by the method of preparing lithium transition metal phosphate according to any of the embodiments described above may have an olivine-type crystal structure with an average particle size of from about 0.01 pm to about
Although the reactor 10 having such a structure operates in an atmospheric condition, because the reactants can be mixed at the molecular level by a high centrifugal force by controlling the rotational speed of the permeable packed bed 12, the reaction may be smoothly performed even at low temperature. That is, because micro droplets of the reactants are well mixed before growth of LMP particles, uniform LMP nanoparticles may be obtained even at low temperature. Use of the continuous reactor 10 ensures production of LMP on a mass scale.
LMP prepared by the method of preparing lithium transition metal phosphate according to any of the embodiments described above may have an olivine-type crystal structure with an average particle size of from about 0.01 pm to about
10 pm, and in some embodiments, from about 0.05 pm to about 0.8 pm. Accordingly, the obtained lithium transition metal phosphate may be used as a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery.
Hereinafter, one or more embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples. However, these examples are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Examples Example 1 (1) 10.0 mol/L of a NH4OH aqueous solution was prepared.
(2) 2.0 mol/L of a LiCI aqueous solution, 2.0 mol/L of a FeC12 aqueous solution, and 2.0 mol/L of a H3PO4 aqueous solution were separately prepared and were then mixed together in a volume ratio of 1:1:1. A molar ratio of (Li+Fe) to H3PO4 ((Li+Fe)/H3PO4) in the mixed solution of LiCl/FeC12/H3PO4 was 2.
(3) The reactor 10 of FIG. 1 was manufactured by the inventors of the present invention. The reactor 10 has the following specification.
=
Permeable packed bed 12: a cylinder formed of stainless steel and having an inner diameter of 10 cm, an outer diameter of 30 cm, and a thickness of 10 cm = Porous filler 12a: 4 sheets of titanium foam (about 400 pores/m, an outer diameter of 30 cm, an inner diameter of 10.5 cm, and an axis-direction thickness of 2.5 cm) (4) To prepare LMP nanoparticles, the driving axis 13 of the reactor 10 was rotated to make the permeable packed bed 12 rotate at a rotational speed of rpm (centrifugal acceleration: 60,000 m/s2) while the inner temperature of the reactor 10 was maintained at a temperature of 80 C.
(5) The LiCl/FeC12/H3PO4 mixed solution prepared in the above (2) and the NR4OH aqueous solution prepared in the above (1) were continuously fed into the reactor 10 through the first source material feeding line 14-1 and second source material feeding line 14-2, respectively, at a flow rate of 30 L/min to prepare LMP
nanoparticles.
(6) A slurry including the LMP nanoparticles was discharged through the slurry outlet 15.
(7) The slurry was filtered and washed with water and dried in a drier at a temperature of 120 C to obtain LMP nanoparticles.
Example 2 LMP nanoparticles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that after preparation of 4.0 mol/L of a LiOH aqueous solution, 2.0 mol/L of a FeCl2 aqueous solution, and 2.0 mol/L H3PO4 aqueous solution, the FeCl2 aqueous solution and the H3PO4 aqueous solution were mixed in a volume ratio of about 1:1 to
Hereinafter, one or more embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples. However, these examples are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Examples Example 1 (1) 10.0 mol/L of a NH4OH aqueous solution was prepared.
(2) 2.0 mol/L of a LiCI aqueous solution, 2.0 mol/L of a FeC12 aqueous solution, and 2.0 mol/L of a H3PO4 aqueous solution were separately prepared and were then mixed together in a volume ratio of 1:1:1. A molar ratio of (Li+Fe) to H3PO4 ((Li+Fe)/H3PO4) in the mixed solution of LiCl/FeC12/H3PO4 was 2.
(3) The reactor 10 of FIG. 1 was manufactured by the inventors of the present invention. The reactor 10 has the following specification.
=
Permeable packed bed 12: a cylinder formed of stainless steel and having an inner diameter of 10 cm, an outer diameter of 30 cm, and a thickness of 10 cm = Porous filler 12a: 4 sheets of titanium foam (about 400 pores/m, an outer diameter of 30 cm, an inner diameter of 10.5 cm, and an axis-direction thickness of 2.5 cm) (4) To prepare LMP nanoparticles, the driving axis 13 of the reactor 10 was rotated to make the permeable packed bed 12 rotate at a rotational speed of rpm (centrifugal acceleration: 60,000 m/s2) while the inner temperature of the reactor 10 was maintained at a temperature of 80 C.
(5) The LiCl/FeC12/H3PO4 mixed solution prepared in the above (2) and the NR4OH aqueous solution prepared in the above (1) were continuously fed into the reactor 10 through the first source material feeding line 14-1 and second source material feeding line 14-2, respectively, at a flow rate of 30 L/min to prepare LMP
nanoparticles.
(6) A slurry including the LMP nanoparticles was discharged through the slurry outlet 15.
(7) The slurry was filtered and washed with water and dried in a drier at a temperature of 120 C to obtain LMP nanoparticles.
Example 2 LMP nanoparticles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that after preparation of 4.0 mol/L of a LiOH aqueous solution, 2.0 mol/L of a FeCl2 aqueous solution, and 2.0 mol/L H3PO4 aqueous solution, the FeCl2 aqueous solution and the H3PO4 aqueous solution were mixed in a volume ratio of about 1:1 to
11 obtain a FeCl2/H3PO4 mixed solution, and while the inner temperature of the reactor was maintained at about 60 C, the FeCl2/H3PO4 mixed solution and the LiOH
aqueous solution were continuously fed into the reactor 10 through the first source material feeding line 14-1 and second source material feeding line 14-2 at a flow rate of 40 L/min and 10L/min, respectively, to obtain LMP nanoparticles, which were then subjected to filtration, washing, and drying. In the present embodiment, a molar ratio of the reactant components fed into the reactor 10, i.e., a molar ratio of (Li+Fe) to H3PO4 ((Li+Fe)/H3PO4) was about 2.
Example 3 LMP nanoparticles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that after preparation of 2.0 mol/L of a LiCI aqueous solution, 2.0 mol/L of a H3PO4 aqueous solution, and 2.0 mol/L of a Fe(OH)2 aqueous solution, the LiCI
aqueous solution and the H3PO4 aqueous solution were mixed in a volume ratio of about 1:1 to obtain a LiCl/H3PO4 mixed solution, and while the inner temperature of the reactor was maintained at about 70 C, the LiCl/H3PO4 mixed solution and the Fe(OH)2 aqueous solution were continuously fed into the reactor 10 through the first source material feeding line 14-1 and second source material feeding line 14-2 at a flow rate of 40 L/min and 20L/min, respectively, to obtain LMP nanoparticles, which were then subjected to filtration, washing, and drying. In the present embodiment, a molar ratio of the reactant components fed into the reactor 10, i.e., a molar ratio of (Li+Fe) to H3PO4 ((Li+Fe)/H3PO4) was about 2Ø
Example 4 LMP nanoparticles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that after preparation of 4.0 mol/L of a H3PO4 aqueous solution, 2.0 mol/L of a LiOH aqueous solution, and 2.0 mol/L of a Fe(OH) 2 aqueous solution, the LiOH
aqueous solution were continuously fed into the reactor 10 through the first source material feeding line 14-1 and second source material feeding line 14-2 at a flow rate of 40 L/min and 10L/min, respectively, to obtain LMP nanoparticles, which were then subjected to filtration, washing, and drying. In the present embodiment, a molar ratio of the reactant components fed into the reactor 10, i.e., a molar ratio of (Li+Fe) to H3PO4 ((Li+Fe)/H3PO4) was about 2.
Example 3 LMP nanoparticles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that after preparation of 2.0 mol/L of a LiCI aqueous solution, 2.0 mol/L of a H3PO4 aqueous solution, and 2.0 mol/L of a Fe(OH)2 aqueous solution, the LiCI
aqueous solution and the H3PO4 aqueous solution were mixed in a volume ratio of about 1:1 to obtain a LiCl/H3PO4 mixed solution, and while the inner temperature of the reactor was maintained at about 70 C, the LiCl/H3PO4 mixed solution and the Fe(OH)2 aqueous solution were continuously fed into the reactor 10 through the first source material feeding line 14-1 and second source material feeding line 14-2 at a flow rate of 40 L/min and 20L/min, respectively, to obtain LMP nanoparticles, which were then subjected to filtration, washing, and drying. In the present embodiment, a molar ratio of the reactant components fed into the reactor 10, i.e., a molar ratio of (Li+Fe) to H3PO4 ((Li+Fe)/H3PO4) was about 2Ø
Example 4 LMP nanoparticles were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, except that after preparation of 4.0 mol/L of a H3PO4 aqueous solution, 2.0 mol/L of a LiOH aqueous solution, and 2.0 mol/L of a Fe(OH) 2 aqueous solution, the LiOH
12 . .
aqueous solution and the Fe(OH) 2 aqueous solution were mixed in a 1:1 volume ratio to obtain a Li0H/Fe(OH) 2 mixed solution, and while the inner temperature of the reactor was maintained at about 60 C, the H3PO4 aqueous solution and the Li0H/Fe(OH) 2 mixed solution were continuously fed into the reactor 10 through the first source material feeding line 14-1 and the second source material feeding line 14-2, at a flow rate of 10 L/min and 40L/min, respectively, to obtain LMP
nanoparticlesõ which were then subjected to filtration, washing, and drying.
In the present embodiment, a molar ratio of the reactant elements fed into the reactor 10, i.e., a molar ratio of (Li+Fe) to H3PO4 ((Li+Fe)/H3PO4) was about 2Ø
Analysis Example Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the lithium transition metal phosphate nanoparticles prepared according to Examples 1-4 and Comparative Example were analyzed, and results therefrom are shown in FIGS. 2 to 9. Specifications and analysis conditions of the TEM and XRD
are shown in Table 1 below:
[Table 1]
TEM XRD
Specification Manufacturer JEOL Rikagu Model name 2100F D/Max-2500VK/PC
Analysis conditions 200kV CuKa radiation, speed 4 min-1 Referring to FIGS. 2-9, though prepared from relatively low-price reactants, LMP particles according to the present invention are found to have relatively uniform particle size distributions and nano-sizes. In particular, it is clear from FIGS. 2, 4, 6 and 8 that the LMP particles of Examples 1 to 4 have nano-sizes and uniform particle size distributions. Also, from FIGS. 3, 5, 7 and 9, it was confirmed that the obtained particles are LMP (LiMP04). For reference, the respective numerals (for example,
aqueous solution and the Fe(OH) 2 aqueous solution were mixed in a 1:1 volume ratio to obtain a Li0H/Fe(OH) 2 mixed solution, and while the inner temperature of the reactor was maintained at about 60 C, the H3PO4 aqueous solution and the Li0H/Fe(OH) 2 mixed solution were continuously fed into the reactor 10 through the first source material feeding line 14-1 and the second source material feeding line 14-2, at a flow rate of 10 L/min and 40L/min, respectively, to obtain LMP
nanoparticlesõ which were then subjected to filtration, washing, and drying.
In the present embodiment, a molar ratio of the reactant elements fed into the reactor 10, i.e., a molar ratio of (Li+Fe) to H3PO4 ((Li+Fe)/H3PO4) was about 2Ø
Analysis Example Transmission electron microscopic (TEM) images and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the lithium transition metal phosphate nanoparticles prepared according to Examples 1-4 and Comparative Example were analyzed, and results therefrom are shown in FIGS. 2 to 9. Specifications and analysis conditions of the TEM and XRD
are shown in Table 1 below:
[Table 1]
TEM XRD
Specification Manufacturer JEOL Rikagu Model name 2100F D/Max-2500VK/PC
Analysis conditions 200kV CuKa radiation, speed 4 min-1 Referring to FIGS. 2-9, though prepared from relatively low-price reactants, LMP particles according to the present invention are found to have relatively uniform particle size distributions and nano-sizes. In particular, it is clear from FIGS. 2, 4, 6 and 8 that the LMP particles of Examples 1 to 4 have nano-sizes and uniform particle size distributions. Also, from FIGS. 3, 5, 7 and 9, it was confirmed that the obtained particles are LMP (LiMP04). For reference, the respective numerals (for example,
13 . _ 100 nm in FIG. 2) shown in FIGS. 2, 4, 6, ad 8 denote lengths of bold bars in the respective images, and the respective numerals (for example, (111) of FIG. 3) shown in FIGS. 3, 5, 7, and 9 indicate facial indices.
While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims.
While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the following claims.
14
Claims (9)
1. A method of preparing lithium transition metal phosphate, the method comprising:
feeding reactants comprising lithium, a transition metal, and phosphoric acid into a reactor, and mixing the reactants at a molecular level in the reactor;
and generating a lithium transition metal phosphate crystal nucleus by chemically reacting the reactants in the reactor, wherein the term 'mixing at a molecular level' refers to mixing at a level at which the respective molecules are mixed, wherein the reactants comprise an acidic source material and a basic source material, wherein the acidic source material is fed into the reactor through a first source material feeding line and the basic source material is fed into the reactor through a second source material feeding line, wherein the acidic source material comprises lithium, a transition metal, and phosphoric acid, and the basic source material comprises an inorganic base;
the acidic source material comprises a transition metal and phosphoric acid, and the basic source material comprises lithium; the acidic source material comprises lithium and phosphoric acid, and the basic source material comprises a transition metal; or the basic source material comprises lithium and a transition metal, and the acidic source material comprises phosphoric acid, wherein the reactor is a high gravity rotating packed bed reactor comprising:
a chamber that defines an inner space; a permeable packed bed that is configured to rotate, is disposed inside the chamber, and is filled with a porous filler; at least one source material feeding line through which the reactants are fed into the inner space;
and a slurry outlet through which a slurry is discharged from the inner space, wherein a time (T M) taken to mix the reactant at the molecular level is shorter than a time (T N) taken to generate the crystal nucleus, and wherein T M is in a range of 10 to 100 µs and T N is 1 ms or less.
feeding reactants comprising lithium, a transition metal, and phosphoric acid into a reactor, and mixing the reactants at a molecular level in the reactor;
and generating a lithium transition metal phosphate crystal nucleus by chemically reacting the reactants in the reactor, wherein the term 'mixing at a molecular level' refers to mixing at a level at which the respective molecules are mixed, wherein the reactants comprise an acidic source material and a basic source material, wherein the acidic source material is fed into the reactor through a first source material feeding line and the basic source material is fed into the reactor through a second source material feeding line, wherein the acidic source material comprises lithium, a transition metal, and phosphoric acid, and the basic source material comprises an inorganic base;
the acidic source material comprises a transition metal and phosphoric acid, and the basic source material comprises lithium; the acidic source material comprises lithium and phosphoric acid, and the basic source material comprises a transition metal; or the basic source material comprises lithium and a transition metal, and the acidic source material comprises phosphoric acid, wherein the reactor is a high gravity rotating packed bed reactor comprising:
a chamber that defines an inner space; a permeable packed bed that is configured to rotate, is disposed inside the chamber, and is filled with a porous filler; at least one source material feeding line through which the reactants are fed into the inner space;
and a slurry outlet through which a slurry is discharged from the inner space, wherein a time (T M) taken to mix the reactant at the molecular level is shorter than a time (T N) taken to generate the crystal nucleus, and wherein T M is in a range of 10 to 100 µs and T N is 1 ms or less.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the transition metal comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co, and Ni.
3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the chemical reaction is an acid-base reaction.
4. The method of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the reactants are fed in at least one of a solution form and a suspension form into the reactor.
5. The method of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein an inner temperature of the reactor is maintained in a range of 0 to 90 °C.
6. The method of any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a molar ratio of lithium and the transition metal to the phosphoric acid ((Li+M)/phosphoric acid) in the reactants is in a range of 1.5 to 2.5.
7. The method of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein a retention time of the reactants in the reactor is in a range of 1 ms to 10 s.
8. The method of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a centrifugal acceleration of the permeable packed bed is in a range of 10 to 100,000 m/s2.
9. The method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the lithium transition metal phosphate has an olivine type crystal structure.
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| PCT/KR2011/002816 WO2011136497A2 (en) | 2010-04-30 | 2011-04-20 | Method for manufacturing a lithium transition metal phosphate |
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| CN105000541B (en) * | 2015-07-31 | 2017-12-19 | 浙江大学宁波理工学院 | A kind of preparation method of nanometer hydroxyapatite |
| CN105344125A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2016-02-24 | 山西长林环保机械设备有限公司 | Horizontal-type dual-inlet pressurization rotating packing bed |
| CN116374986B (en) * | 2023-04-14 | 2024-08-02 | 河南佰利新能源材料有限公司 | Lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material, and preparation method and application thereof |
| KR20250092855A (en) * | 2023-12-15 | 2025-06-24 | 포스코홀딩스 주식회사 | Manufacturing method of lithium phosphate |
| WO2025137961A1 (en) * | 2023-12-27 | 2025-07-03 | 北京当升材料科技股份有限公司 | Lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material and preparation method therefor, and lithium-ion battery |
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| JP2966261B2 (en) * | 1993-11-02 | 1999-10-25 | 三菱電線工業株式会社 | Positive electrode material for lithium battery and method for producing the same |
| CN1373083A (en) * | 2001-03-07 | 2002-10-09 | 鞍山钢铁学院 | Process for preparing size-controllable nano-powder |
| CN1166448C (en) | 2001-07-27 | 2004-09-15 | 鞍山钢铁学院 | Liquid phase nano powder body and preparation method of nano particle agglutinative structure material |
| JP2003062440A (en) | 2001-08-27 | 2003-03-04 | Nakamura Sogo Kenkyusho:Kk | Super-mixing method for liquid matter containing a plurality of substances |
| US6815122B2 (en) | 2002-03-06 | 2004-11-09 | Valence Technology, Inc. | Alkali transition metal phosphates and related electrode active materials |
| JP2004095386A (en) * | 2002-08-30 | 2004-03-25 | Sumitomo Osaka Cement Co Ltd | Manufacturing method of positive electrode material for lithium-ion battery and lithium-ion battery |
| CN100335415C (en) * | 2003-02-28 | 2007-09-05 | 新加坡纳米材料科技有限公司 | Method for preparing crystalline state perovskite compounds powder |
| JP2004335344A (en) | 2003-05-09 | 2004-11-25 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | Positive electrode for lithium secondary battery, and lithium secondary battery |
| CN100355495C (en) | 2004-12-16 | 2007-12-19 | 财团法人工业技术研究院 | Nanofluid Preparation Using a Rotating Packed Bed Reactor |
| WO2006096906A1 (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2006-09-21 | Nanomaterials Technology Pte Ltd | Inhalable drug |
| DE102005012640B4 (en) * | 2005-03-18 | 2015-02-05 | Süd-Chemie Ip Gmbh & Co. Kg | Circular process for the wet-chemical production of lithium metal phosphates |
| SG128490A1 (en) * | 2005-06-07 | 2007-01-30 | Nanomaterials Tech Pte Ltd | Process for forming dispersant-coated carbon particles |
| EP1936721B1 (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2015-11-11 | Kanto Denka Kogyo Co., Ltd. | Positive electrode active material, method for producing same, and nonaqueous electrolyte battery having positive electrode containing positive electrode active material |
| EP2069733A4 (en) * | 2006-10-02 | 2013-07-10 | Nanomaterials Tech Pte Ltd | Process for making nano-sized and micro-sized precipitate particles |
| DE102006055218A1 (en) | 2006-11-21 | 2008-05-29 | Bayer Technology Services Gmbh | Continuous process for the synthesis of nanoscale metal-containing nanoparticles and nanoparticle dispersion |
| CA2672954C (en) | 2006-12-22 | 2014-07-22 | Umicore | Synthesis of crystalline nanometric lifempo4 |
| US20090117020A1 (en) * | 2007-11-05 | 2009-05-07 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Rapid microwave-solvothermal synthesis and surface modification of nanostructured phospho-olivine cathodes for lithium ion batteries |
| DE102007058674A1 (en) | 2007-12-06 | 2009-07-02 | Süd-Chemie AG | Nanoparticulate composition and process for its preparation |
| KR101128860B1 (en) | 2009-08-11 | 2012-03-23 | 삼성정밀화학 주식회사 | Method of preparing lithium titanate nano particles |
| CN101693531A (en) | 2009-10-16 | 2010-04-14 | 清华大学 | Method for preparing nano iron phosphate |
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| KR101698762B1 (en) | 2017-01-23 |
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