CA2527511C - Systems and methods for seamless roaming between wireless networks - Google Patents
Systems and methods for seamless roaming between wireless networks Download PDFInfo
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- CA2527511C CA2527511C CA2527511A CA2527511A CA2527511C CA 2527511 C CA2527511 C CA 2527511C CA 2527511 A CA2527511 A CA 2527511A CA 2527511 A CA2527511 A CA 2527511A CA 2527511 C CA2527511 C CA 2527511C
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006855 networking Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010295 mobile communication Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 241001417511 Ardis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W40/00—Communication routing or communication path finding
- H04W40/24—Connectivity information management, e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W36/00—Hand-off or reselection arrangements
- H04W36/14—Reselecting a network or an air interface
- H04W36/144—Reselecting a network or an air interface over a different radio air interface technology
- H04W36/1446—Reselecting a network or an air interface over a different radio air interface technology wherein at least one of the networks is unlicensed
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W48/00—Access restriction; Network selection; Access point selection
- H04W48/18—Selecting a network or a communication service
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
- H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
- H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/02—Terminal devices
- H04W88/06—Terminal devices adapted for operation in multiple networks or having at least two operational modes, e.g. multi-mode terminals
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Data Exchanges In Wide-Area Networks (AREA)
Abstract
A method for the seamless switching of a wireless device between wireless wide area networks (WWANs) and wireless local area networks (WLANs) includes automatically detecting the available WWANs and WLANs, selecting one of the available networks for use by the wireless device, and connecting the wireless device to the selected network. The method also includes maintaining the network connectivity (112) by monitoring the connection and, upon determining that the connection has been lost (114), selecting another available network for use and connecting the wireless device the other network (120). Additionally, the method communicates information about the availability networks and connection status to a user of the wireless device, which allows the user to manually switch the wireless device connection from the automatically selected available network to another available network. Further, a wireless device implements the above-described method.
Description
-1-, SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR
SEAMLESS ROAMING BETWEEN WIRELESS NETWORKS
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to the field. of wireless technology and, more particularly, to seamless roaming between wireless,networks:
Description of the.Related Art Wireless technology allows electronic devices to communicate with one another without the use of physical lines (e.g., wire or fiber optic cable), and accordingly, has become increasingly. popular in recent years. There are different types of access networks in wireless technology, for example, the wireless local area network (WLAI~ and the wireless wide area network (WWAI~. WWANs are used by traditional cellular companies to provide high-mobility access (e:g., for usersmoving in cars) over a broad coverage area.
WLANs can be used in buildings (e.g., homes or businesses) for stationary or low mobility access.
While WLANs provide higher throughput rates (e.g., ranging from 11 Mbps to f4 Mbps), such networks generally do not provide a broad area of coverage, arid thus, are not always suitable for high mobility access. On the other hand, while WWANs provide broad ranging coverage, they generally have lower throughput rates.
Previously developed techniques have provided for connections to both a WLAN
and a WWAN by a mobile device. With these techniques, separate device applications were used to independently support and manage different kinds of connections. That is, one application would be used for WWAN connections, and another application would be used for WLAN
connections. This was problematic in that the two applications were independent, and thus, did not provide the ability to coordinate connections for different types of wireless networks.
Thus, whenever there was a loss of connection as a mobile device was moved out of the coverage area of one leind of wireless network into the coverage area of another kind of network, the previously developed techniques were not able to automatically switch connections. Instead, a user had to manually switch from one application managing hardware for a connection of the first kind of wireless network to a different application managing hardware for a connection of the second kind of wireless network. In order to make this manual switch, the user was required to shut down all applications using the external network connection and then, after the switch was made, to reinitiate networlc connectivity and restart all applications. Accordingly, the previously developed techniques were disruptive, time consuming, and not user friendly.
Therefore, what is needed is a way to automatically and seamlessly switch between and among different types of wireless networks.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to embodiments of the present invention, systems and methods provide un-interrupted and ubiquitous wireless access, with seamless hand-off between different lcinds of networks. Thus, applications are not affected as a user roams between and among WLANs and WWANs. The embodiments of the present invention may also facilitate handing off a user to WLANs, whenever possible to more cost effectively use the available WWAN
bandwidth. Important teclmical advantages of the present invention are readily apparent to one skilled in the art from the following figures, descriptions, and claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a more complete understanding of the present invention, for further features and advantages, applicants now make the following description, talcen in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 illustrates an environment in which systems and methods, according to embodiments of the present invention, may operate;
Figure 2 illustrates an exemplary system for seamless roaming between wireless networks according to an embodiment of the present invention;
SEAMLESS ROAMING BETWEEN WIRELESS NETWORKS
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention The present invention relates generally to the field. of wireless technology and, more particularly, to seamless roaming between wireless,networks:
Description of the.Related Art Wireless technology allows electronic devices to communicate with one another without the use of physical lines (e.g., wire or fiber optic cable), and accordingly, has become increasingly. popular in recent years. There are different types of access networks in wireless technology, for example, the wireless local area network (WLAI~ and the wireless wide area network (WWAI~. WWANs are used by traditional cellular companies to provide high-mobility access (e:g., for usersmoving in cars) over a broad coverage area.
WLANs can be used in buildings (e.g., homes or businesses) for stationary or low mobility access.
While WLANs provide higher throughput rates (e.g., ranging from 11 Mbps to f4 Mbps), such networks generally do not provide a broad area of coverage, arid thus, are not always suitable for high mobility access. On the other hand, while WWANs provide broad ranging coverage, they generally have lower throughput rates.
Previously developed techniques have provided for connections to both a WLAN
and a WWAN by a mobile device. With these techniques, separate device applications were used to independently support and manage different kinds of connections. That is, one application would be used for WWAN connections, and another application would be used for WLAN
connections. This was problematic in that the two applications were independent, and thus, did not provide the ability to coordinate connections for different types of wireless networks.
Thus, whenever there was a loss of connection as a mobile device was moved out of the coverage area of one leind of wireless network into the coverage area of another kind of network, the previously developed techniques were not able to automatically switch connections. Instead, a user had to manually switch from one application managing hardware for a connection of the first kind of wireless network to a different application managing hardware for a connection of the second kind of wireless network. In order to make this manual switch, the user was required to shut down all applications using the external network connection and then, after the switch was made, to reinitiate networlc connectivity and restart all applications. Accordingly, the previously developed techniques were disruptive, time consuming, and not user friendly.
Therefore, what is needed is a way to automatically and seamlessly switch between and among different types of wireless networks.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
According to embodiments of the present invention, systems and methods provide un-interrupted and ubiquitous wireless access, with seamless hand-off between different lcinds of networks. Thus, applications are not affected as a user roams between and among WLANs and WWANs. The embodiments of the present invention may also facilitate handing off a user to WLANs, whenever possible to more cost effectively use the available WWAN
bandwidth. Important teclmical advantages of the present invention are readily apparent to one skilled in the art from the following figures, descriptions, and claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
For a more complete understanding of the present invention, for further features and advantages, applicants now make the following description, talcen in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 illustrates an environment in which systems and methods, according to embodiments of the present invention, may operate;
Figure 2 illustrates an exemplary system for seamless roaming between wireless networks according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 3 illustrates an exemplary user interface component according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 4 illustrates an exemplary core component according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 5 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary method for seamless roaming between wireless networks according to an embodiment of the present invention;
and Figure 6 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary method for networlc connection monitoring and maintenance according to an embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Turning first to the nomenclature of the specification, the detailed description that follows is represented largely in terms of processes aald symbolic representations of operations performed by conventional computer components, such as a local or remote central processing unit (CPU), processor, server, or other suitable processing device associated with a general purpose or specialized computer system, memory storage devices operatively associated with the processing device, and connected local or remote display devices. These operations may include the manipulation of data bits by the processing device and the maintenance of these bits within data structures resident in one or more of the memory storage devices. Such data structures impose a physical organization upon the collection of data bits stored within computer memory and represent specific electrical or magnetic elements. These symbolic representations are the means used by those skilled in the art of computer programming and computer construction to most effectively convey teachings and discoveries to others skilled in the art.
For purposes of this discussion, an application, process, method, routine, or sub-routine is generally considered to be a sequence of computer-executed steps leading to a desired result. These steps generally require manipulations of physical quantities. Usually, although not necessarily always, these quantities take the form of electrical, magnetic, or optical signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, or otherwise manipulated. It is conventional for those skilled in the art to refer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, text, teens, numbers, records, files, or the lilce. It should be kept in mind, however, that these and some other terms should be associated with appropriate physical quantities for computer operations, and that these teens are merely conventional labels applied to physical quantities that exist within and during operation of the computer.
It should also be understood that automatic manipulations within the computer system are often referred to in terms such as adding, comparing, moving, searching, or the like, which are typically associated with manual operations performed by a human operator. It must be understood that, in most instances, no involvement of the human operator is necessary, or even desirable, in the present invention. However, some of the operations described herein are machine operations performed in conjunction with the human operator, or user, that interacts with the computer or system. Therefore, unless noted as a manual, user operation, all operations are presumed to be automatic.
In addition, it should be understood that the programs, processes, methods, and the like, described herein are but an exemplary implementation of the present invention and are not related, or limited, to any particular computer, system, apparatus, or computer language.
Rather, various types of general purpose computing machines or devices may be used with programs constructed in accordance with the teachings described herein.
Similarly, it may prove advantageous to construct a specialized apparatus, or hardware device, to perform one or more of the method steps described herein by way of dedicated computer systems with hard-wired logic or programs stored in non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM).
Overview According to embodiments of the present invention, systems and methods provide automatic and seamless roaming between wireless networlcs, including between different kinds of wireless networks (e.g., WLAN and WWAN). Embodiments of the present invention can provide seamless access between two disparate wireless access technologies, such as a WLAN and a WWAN. The systems and methods of the present invention can provide or support automatic detection and connection to WLANs and WWANs.
stem For Seamless Roaming Figure 1 illustrates an environment 10 in which embodiments of the present invention may operate. As depicted, environment 10 includes a plurality of wireless networks through which a wireless device 12 may migrate and communicate. These networks can be, for example, a wireless wide area network (WWAN) 14, a first wireless local area network (WLAN) 16, and a second WLAN 18.
Each wireless networlcs 14, 16, 18 can be a communication network that supports wireless communication. Each network supports at least one wireless link or device connection. As such, the networks may support a variety of communications, including, but not limited to, analog cellular system, digital cellular system, Personal Communication System (PCS), Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD), ARDIS, RAM Mobile Data, Metricom Ricochet, paging, and Enhanced Specialized Mobile Radio (ESMR). The wireless networks 14, 16, 18 may utilize or support various protocols. Exemplary protocols for WLANs 16, 18 include IEEE 802.11, HomeRF, Bluetooth, HiperLAN and the like. Exemplary protocols for WWAN 14 include Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA, such as IS-136), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), lxRTT, General Paclcet Radio Service (GPRS), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), and Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN) Packet Data. Each connection of a wireless network may have a respective identifier such as, for example, a particular Internet Protocol (IP) address.
Transmissions over the wireless networks 14, 16, 18 may be analog or digital. The wireless networks may include or be supported by a public switched telephone network (PSTN) and/or a private system (e.g., cellular system) implemented with a number of switches, wire lines, fiber-optic cable, land-based transmission towers, space-based satellite transponders, and the like. In one embodiment, the wireless networks may include any other suitable communication system, such as a specialized mobile radio (SMR) system. Each wireless network 14, 16, 18 may have a respective range of operation. The ranges of the various wireless networks can overlap in coverage.
The wireless networlcs 14, 16, 18 can be maintained or operated by the same or different service providers. In general, a service provider can be an entity that delivers services to one or more users, who, for example, access the networlc with a wireless device.
These services may include wireless service, and possibly a host of other services including, for example, plain old telephone service (POTS), digital telephony service, cellular service, pager service, and the like. The user of the wireless device 12 can be a subscriber to one or more of the services provided by one or more of the service providers with the wireless networks 14, 16, 18.
The wireless device 12 can be an electronic device with capability for communicating by wireless technology. Thus, wireless device 12 can be, for example, a laptop or deslctop computer, a wireless personal digital assistant (PDA), a cellular phone, or any other wireless-capable, suitable electronic device. The wireless device 12 can be used by a respective user, who can move among and through the effective ranges of operation for the various wireless networlcs 14, 16, 18. If the wireless device 12 is within the range a particular wireless network, the device 12 will be able to communicate through a linlc of that wireless network.
The wireless device 12 may run one or more applications that exchange data/information through,wireless networks as the applications are run. Such an application can be, for example, a networlc browser that exchanges information with the distributed application known as the "World Wide Web." Another exemplary application can be electronic mail or instant messaging services.
In general, WLANs provide higher throughput rates (e.g., from 11 Mbps to 54 Mbps and higher), but are not conducive to use in higher mobility applications (e.g., such as when a user is in a car). WWANs can be used in high mobility applications, but do not provide as much throughput as WLANs. Thus, to increase throughput rates for the user of the wireless device 12, it is desirable to connect to a WLAN when one is available and comlection to it is possible, while connecting to a WWAN when a WLAN comzection is not available or possible.
To provide uninterrupted and effective wireless access for the wireless device 12 in exemplary environment 10, the present invention provides systems and methods so that WLANs and WWANs are able to automatically and seamlessly hand-off communications with the wireless device 12 as it roams between or among them, without the applications executing on the wireless device 12 being adversely affected.
System For Seamless Roaming Figure 2 illustrates an exemplary system for seamless roaming between wireless networks according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown, this system can be incorporated into or comprise a wireless device 12. The wireless device 12 can be any suitable electronic device such as, for example, a portable personal computer (PC), wireless PDA or cellular phone, having a data processing facility supported by memory (either internal or external) and being wireless network capable.
A number of networking hardware devices, such as WLAN hardware 26, WWAN
hardware 28, and combination hardware 30, support connections between wireless device 12 and various wireless networks. WLAN hardware 26 supports connection with a WLAN.
WWAN hardware 28 supports connection with a WWAN. Combination hardware 30 supports coimection with either a WLAN or a WWAN. The networking hardware devices could be a wireless modem, a wireless network interface card (I~TIC), or any other suitable hardware peripheral device for supporting a wireless connection. In other embodiments, such devices can be implemented in any combination of hardware and software. A
driver layer 32, which may be implemented in software or hardware or both, functions as a hardware controller for the WLAN hardware 26, WWAN hardware 28, and combination hardware 30.
A user interface (I/F) 34 generally functions to enable a human user to interact with the wireless device 12, for example, to run applications (e.g., word processing), browse the Internet, check email, and the like. The functionality of the user interface 34 can be performed by one or more suitable input devices (e.g., keypad, touch screen, input port, pointing device, microphone, and/or other device that can accept user input information) and one or more suitable output devices (e.g., video display, output port, speaker, or other device, for conveying information, including digital data, visual information, or audio information).
In one embodiment, each user interface 34 may comprise or be operable to display at least one graphical user interface (GUI) having a number of interactive devices, such as buttons, windows, pull-down menus, and the like to facilitate the entry, viewing, and/or retrieval of information.
The wireless device 12 may operate under the control of a suitable operating system (OS) 20, such as, for example, MS-DOS, MAC OS, WINDOWS NT, WINDOWS 95, WINDOWS CE, OS/2, UNIX, LINUX, LMOWS, XENIX, PALM OS, and the lilce. One or more software applications 22 may run on the wireless device 12. Each application 22 may interact with the operating system 20. These applications 22 may support numerous services or functions such as, for example, document sharing, accounting, word processing, application sharing, file transfer, remote control, browser, voice over W
ternet Protocol (IP), user authentication, address book, files and folders, accounting, database management, and the like. At least a portion of these applications 22 may require the exchange of information _g_ over the wireless network with other electronic devices as the applications 22 are executing on the wireless device 12.
A connectivity application 24, provided in the software layer, acts as a pseudo muter of network addresses and connectivity. The coimectivity application 24 logically resides between the operating system 20 and the driver layer 32 of hardware controllers. The connectivity application 24 may logically "sit on top" of operating system 20.
Connectivity application 24 may support the detection of wireless connections that are available in any given location to the wireless device 12. These connections include both WLAN
and WWAN connections. Furthermore, unlike previously developed techniques, the connectivity application 24 maintains information and handles connectivity for different kinds of wireless networks. As such, connectivity application 24 is able to coordinate the connection of the wireless device 12 with different wireless networks, thereby providing seamless transition or handoff between the networlcs, including from a WLAN connection to a WWAN
connection, and vice versa, as well as between WLAN or WWAN connections. Connectivity application 24 may provide the IP address of the wireless comiection in use to the operating system 20, which in turn publishes this IP address to all applications 22. As depicted, in one embodiment, connectivity application 24 includes a user interface (Ul) component 36, a core component 38, a WLAN interface component 40, a WWAN interface component 42, and a combination interface component 44.
WLAN interface component 40, WWAN interface component 42, and combination interface component 44 provide or support an interface with the driver layer 32 comprising device drivers, which can be supplied by the respective hardware manufacturers of the networking hardware devices (e.g., WLAN hardware 26, WWAN hardware 28, and combination hardware 30). WLAN interface component 40 may handle all the communications with, for example, any WiFi compliant 802.11a card and its driver. WLAN
interface component 40 can, for example, interface with the application program interface (API) of the WLAN card. This component 40 implements both the standard interfaces as well as specific aspects of communicating with the WLAN card, to retrieve common information such as Status, Signal Strength, MAC Address, Firmware version, and the like.
The WLAN interface component 40 also handles sending and receiving messages to the card.
The WWAN interface component 42 and the combo interface component 44 have similar functionality to its WLAN counterpart, except that it is implemented to communicate with the API of the WWAN card.
The UI component 36 provides support for the presentation (e.g., visually, audibly, physically, etc.) of information relating to the wireless connections for the wireless device 12.
This information may include, for example, network information for WWAN 14 and WLANs 16, 18. The UI component 36 may also allow a user to configure or set (e.g., enabling and disabling) the wireless connections for the device 12. In one embodiment, for example, UI
component 36 may enable a user to readily and easily, yet manually or automatically, switch from one wireless network connection (e.g., for WWAN 14) to another wireless network connections (e.g., for WLAN 16) with no adverse effect on applications running on the wireless device 12.
The core component 38 is in communication with UI component 36, WLAN interface component 40, WWAN interface component 42, and combination interface component 44.
The core component 38 implements the logic for lceeping track of, handling, and managing the connectivity to the wireless networks and informing the operating system 20 about any changes. The core component 38 may also be responsible for automated switching of the connections which, in one embodiment, can be rule-based switching. The core component 38 may automatically authenticate and connect the wireless device 12 to preferred wireless networks that are detected.
In operation, as the wireless device 12 is moved between or among the effective ranges of various wireless networks (WLAN or WWAN), connectivity application functions to change connections from one wireless network to another wireless network. In one aspect, the change of wireless connection can be automatic such that, for example, upon loss of connectivity from any one connection, the connectivity application 24 will automatically initiate a new connection and pass the respective IP address to operating system 20. Then, as applications 22 are subsequently refreshed using an IP
connection, the applications 22 will automatically pick up the new IP address and start using the new address for wireless connectivity (e.g., according to the rules of core component 38).
This may occur without any noticeable loss of connectivity to the user of the wireless device 12. In another aspect, the change of wireless connection can be manually initiated by the user. Connectivity application 24 supports the detection of wireless connections that may be available for any given location. Information about the available wireless connections may be accessed by the user from connectivity application 24 via user interface 34. Then, the user can select which wireless connection to use for comiectivity (e.g., to the Internet).
As such, the system according to an embodiment of the present invention provides ubiquity of access to wireless data and efficiency of spectral usage in cellular bands when using wireless data. Thus, for example, Internet-enabled applications 22 do not experience a loss of connectivity as a result of connection loss by wireless device 12 with either a WWAN
or a WLAN. Nor do the applications 22 experience loss of connection as result of transition from one wireless network to another (e.g., from WWAN to WLAN). Furthermore, the system allows cellular service providers to offer wireless data services supported by a combination of their existing two-and-a-half generation ("2.SG") networks (such as, but not limited to, GPRS, CDMA lxRTT) and IEEE 802.11 WLAN networks (such as, but not limited to, 802.1 la, 802.11b, 802.11g, etc.), with minimal risk of wireless data consuming the entire available capacity of the cellular networlcs.
User Interface Component Figure 3 illustrates an exemplary user interface component 36 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 3, the user interface component 36 can be completely separated from the core functionality (e.g., managing connections) provided by core component 38 (of Figure 2) of the connectivity application 24. This separability can be done in order to allow users of the connectivity application 24 to provide their own user interfaces to the application, each interface having the look and feel (along with branding) desired by the particular service provider. As shown, user interface component 36 includes a third-generation (3G) UI subcomponent 50, a WLAN UI
subcomponent 52, an inter-subcomponent communication module 54, and a core interface (I/F) subcomponent 56.
The 3G UI subcomponent 50 may handle the connectldiscormect functionality for various WWANs, which can be the 2.SG or 3G of mobile communications technology.
Examples of such technologies include, but are not limited to GPRS, CDMA lxRTT
and iDEN Packet Data services (for 2.SG) and W-CDMA based services such as UMTS
and CDMA 3xRTT (for 3G). Relative to first generation (e.g., analog cellular) and second generation (e.g., digital PCS), 2.SG and 3G technology provides increased bandwidth. For example, 3G technology provides up to 384 Kbps when a wireless device is stationary or moving at pedestrian speed, 128 I~bps in a car, and 2 Mbps in fixed applications. 3G UI
subcomponent 50 may present or display information for the signal strength of each available WWAN (e.g., 2.5G or 3G) connection, as well as type of connection (e.g., circuit-switched or packet-switched). This subcomponent 50 may also display or present information about the availability of WWAN service, or lack thereof.
WLAN UI subcomponent 52 can, among other things, keep traclc of and/or present all identified WLANs in the particular location of wireless device 12, as well as their current connections and encryption status. This WLAN UI subcomponent 52 may also handle selection by a user and connection of the wireless device 12 to the various WLANs.
Taken together, 3G UI subcomponent 50 and WLAN UI subcomponent 52 provide the user of the wireless device 12 with a real-time picture of all available connections to the various wireless networks, and may direct the user to a location where connectivity is available. A user of the wireless device 12 can toggle connections between WWAN and WLAN connections by interacting with 3G UI subcomponent 50 and WLAN UI
subcomponent 52.
The inter-subcomponent communication module 54 is responsible for communicating the status of each of the subcomponents 50 and 52. The inter-subcomponent communication module 54 may notify core component 38 of connection status change for each of these subcomponents. The core I/F subcomponent 56 interacts with core component 38 of connectivity application 24. Core interface 54 may, among other things, communicate the status of the wireless connections and user interactions with UI component 36 to the core component 38.
Core Component Figure 4 illustrates an exemplary core component 38 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the core component 38 generally functions to handle and manage the connectivity to the wireless networks and inform the operating system 20 about any changes. As depicted, the core component 38 includes an active connection selection 60 and a rules engine 62.
The active connection selection 60 keeps track of the various wireless connections which are presently available (including both WLAN and WWAN connections) and also the particular wireless connection, that is currently in use by the wireless device 12. The active coimection selection 60 publishes the active connection information to the operating system 20; that is, it provides the operating system 20 with information (e.g., IP
address) for the current wireless connection. The wireless connection currently in use can be changed by modifying (or toggling) current active connection 60, either by a direct user intervention or as a result of one or more rules in the rules engine 62.
The rules engine 62 may implement and execute a number of rules for automated switching of the wireless connections, and authentication and connection of the wireless device 12 to a preferred wireless network. These rules may define, for example, what to do when a GPRS connection is lost. Rules engine 62 may also allow the rules themselves to be created, modified, or deleted, thereby defining the characteristic behavior of core component 38.
The rules engine 62 is responsible for making the decision as to which wireless network (e.g., WWAN 14, WLAN 16, or WLAN 18) to connect in the event of lost connectivity or the availability of multiple wireless networks. The core component 38 automatically detects any available wireless networks in the area of wireless device 12 and uses the rules engine 62 to determine to which networlc to connect. The rules engine 62 functions on the basis of a combination of inputs from the user as well as predefined rules provided by one or more service providers (who operate or maintain the wireless networks and/or provide services to the user). By way of illustration, two examples of the operation of rules engine 62 according to the present invention are presented below.
The first rule example illustrations the operation of a user supplied rule. In a user's neighborhood, there are two wireless networks, Network A and Network B.
Network A
provides fast connectivity, but is unreliable and down about 50% of the time.
Network B is highly reliable, but provides only about 50% of the data rate of Network A.
The user creates a rule in the rules engine 62 that gives higher priority to the Networlc A, rather than Network B. When the core component 38 uses the rules engine 62 to decide to which detected network to connect, the rules engine 62 will recommend that the wireless device 12 connect to Network A. In the event of loss of connectivity between the wireless device 12 and Network A, the core component 38 will again use the rules engine 62, which returns a recommendation that the wireless device 12 connect, secondarily, to Network B.
The second rule example illustrations the operation of a service provider supplied rule. A service provider provides WWAN services through Networlc P and WLAN
services -13- ' through Network Q. For technical reasons, such as preserving spectrum availability on the WWAN (Network P), a service provider may specify a rube in the rule engine 62 that recommends that a user, who is currently on the WWAN, must be intelligently switched to the WLAN, as soon as it becomes available, thereby minimizing the number of users on the WWAN.
Because core coyponent 38 maintains information and handles connectivity for various kinds of wireless networks (e.g., WWAN and WLAN), connectivity application 24 is able to coordinate for seamless transition or handoff between wireless networks, including from a WLAN connection to a WWAN connection, and vice versa, or between different WWAN or WLAN connections. This seamless session switching functionality can be handled by a specific implementation of a well-defined standard such as, for example, Mobile Internet Protocol (1P) or IPv6 (which is also lcnown as IPng, or IP next generation).
Method for Seamless Roaming Figure 5 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary method 100 for seamless roaming between wireless networks according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 5, the method 100 can be perfonned, at least in part, by a connectivity application 24 rumung on a wireless device 12 that has mobility through the areas of coverage provided by one or more wireless networks. The method 100 begins at step 102, where the wireless device 12 searches for available wireless networks (e.g., WWAN, WLAN, etc.).
At step 104, the connectivity application 24 determines whether at least one network has been detected. If no network is detected, the method 100 returns to step 102 where the wireless device 12 continues to search for a wireless network.
If at least one network is detected, then at step 106 wireless device 12 searches the rules engine 62 of the connectivity application 24 to identify one or more applicable rules for connecting the wireless device 12 to one of the detected networks. At step 108, the connectivity application 24 directs the wireless device 12 to connect to a particular detected network per the recommendation of rubes engine 62. Once connected, the connection is monitored and maintained at step 110 (discussed further, below).
Figure 6 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary method for network connection monitoring and maintenance according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 6, the comiectivity application monitors the current network connection at step 112.
Such monitoring can include, for example, measuring the existence or strength of, or perceiving the desirability of maintaining, the current network connection. At step 114, the wireless device 12 determines whether there has been a loss in the wireless connection. If there is a loss, then method 100 returns to step 102 where the wireless device 12 searches for available wireless networks. Otherwise, if there has not been a loss of connection, then at step 116, the connectivity application 24 determines whether there has been any user intervention such as, for example, a user shutting down the wireless device 12 or initiating a manual switching of the wireless comlection between or among the different available networks. If there has not been any user intervention, then the method 100 returns to step 112 where the current wireless connection is further monitored.
On the other hand, if at step 116 there has been user intervention, then at step 118 the connectivity application 24 determines whether there the user initiated an instruction to manually switch connection to another wireless network. If there is such an instruction, then at step 120 the connectivity application 24 directs the wireless device 12 to cormect to the network specified by the user. Upon making this user-initiated switch, the method 100 . returns to step 112 and begins monitoring of the new network connection.
Otherwise, if there has been user intervention, but not to initiate a manual network connection switch, then the method 100 ends.
Although particular embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the present invention in its broader aspects, and therefore, the appended claims are to encompass within their scope all such changes and modifications that fall within the true scope of the present invention.
Figure 4 illustrates an exemplary core component according to an embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 5 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary method for seamless roaming between wireless networks according to an embodiment of the present invention;
and Figure 6 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary method for networlc connection monitoring and maintenance according to an embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Turning first to the nomenclature of the specification, the detailed description that follows is represented largely in terms of processes aald symbolic representations of operations performed by conventional computer components, such as a local or remote central processing unit (CPU), processor, server, or other suitable processing device associated with a general purpose or specialized computer system, memory storage devices operatively associated with the processing device, and connected local or remote display devices. These operations may include the manipulation of data bits by the processing device and the maintenance of these bits within data structures resident in one or more of the memory storage devices. Such data structures impose a physical organization upon the collection of data bits stored within computer memory and represent specific electrical or magnetic elements. These symbolic representations are the means used by those skilled in the art of computer programming and computer construction to most effectively convey teachings and discoveries to others skilled in the art.
For purposes of this discussion, an application, process, method, routine, or sub-routine is generally considered to be a sequence of computer-executed steps leading to a desired result. These steps generally require manipulations of physical quantities. Usually, although not necessarily always, these quantities take the form of electrical, magnetic, or optical signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, or otherwise manipulated. It is conventional for those skilled in the art to refer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, text, teens, numbers, records, files, or the lilce. It should be kept in mind, however, that these and some other terms should be associated with appropriate physical quantities for computer operations, and that these teens are merely conventional labels applied to physical quantities that exist within and during operation of the computer.
It should also be understood that automatic manipulations within the computer system are often referred to in terms such as adding, comparing, moving, searching, or the like, which are typically associated with manual operations performed by a human operator. It must be understood that, in most instances, no involvement of the human operator is necessary, or even desirable, in the present invention. However, some of the operations described herein are machine operations performed in conjunction with the human operator, or user, that interacts with the computer or system. Therefore, unless noted as a manual, user operation, all operations are presumed to be automatic.
In addition, it should be understood that the programs, processes, methods, and the like, described herein are but an exemplary implementation of the present invention and are not related, or limited, to any particular computer, system, apparatus, or computer language.
Rather, various types of general purpose computing machines or devices may be used with programs constructed in accordance with the teachings described herein.
Similarly, it may prove advantageous to construct a specialized apparatus, or hardware device, to perform one or more of the method steps described herein by way of dedicated computer systems with hard-wired logic or programs stored in non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM).
Overview According to embodiments of the present invention, systems and methods provide automatic and seamless roaming between wireless networlcs, including between different kinds of wireless networks (e.g., WLAN and WWAN). Embodiments of the present invention can provide seamless access between two disparate wireless access technologies, such as a WLAN and a WWAN. The systems and methods of the present invention can provide or support automatic detection and connection to WLANs and WWANs.
stem For Seamless Roaming Figure 1 illustrates an environment 10 in which embodiments of the present invention may operate. As depicted, environment 10 includes a plurality of wireless networks through which a wireless device 12 may migrate and communicate. These networks can be, for example, a wireless wide area network (WWAN) 14, a first wireless local area network (WLAN) 16, and a second WLAN 18.
Each wireless networlcs 14, 16, 18 can be a communication network that supports wireless communication. Each network supports at least one wireless link or device connection. As such, the networks may support a variety of communications, including, but not limited to, analog cellular system, digital cellular system, Personal Communication System (PCS), Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD), ARDIS, RAM Mobile Data, Metricom Ricochet, paging, and Enhanced Specialized Mobile Radio (ESMR). The wireless networks 14, 16, 18 may utilize or support various protocols. Exemplary protocols for WLANs 16, 18 include IEEE 802.11, HomeRF, Bluetooth, HiperLAN and the like. Exemplary protocols for WWAN 14 include Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA, such as IS-136), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), lxRTT, General Paclcet Radio Service (GPRS), Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), and Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (iDEN) Packet Data. Each connection of a wireless network may have a respective identifier such as, for example, a particular Internet Protocol (IP) address.
Transmissions over the wireless networks 14, 16, 18 may be analog or digital. The wireless networks may include or be supported by a public switched telephone network (PSTN) and/or a private system (e.g., cellular system) implemented with a number of switches, wire lines, fiber-optic cable, land-based transmission towers, space-based satellite transponders, and the like. In one embodiment, the wireless networks may include any other suitable communication system, such as a specialized mobile radio (SMR) system. Each wireless network 14, 16, 18 may have a respective range of operation. The ranges of the various wireless networks can overlap in coverage.
The wireless networlcs 14, 16, 18 can be maintained or operated by the same or different service providers. In general, a service provider can be an entity that delivers services to one or more users, who, for example, access the networlc with a wireless device.
These services may include wireless service, and possibly a host of other services including, for example, plain old telephone service (POTS), digital telephony service, cellular service, pager service, and the like. The user of the wireless device 12 can be a subscriber to one or more of the services provided by one or more of the service providers with the wireless networks 14, 16, 18.
The wireless device 12 can be an electronic device with capability for communicating by wireless technology. Thus, wireless device 12 can be, for example, a laptop or deslctop computer, a wireless personal digital assistant (PDA), a cellular phone, or any other wireless-capable, suitable electronic device. The wireless device 12 can be used by a respective user, who can move among and through the effective ranges of operation for the various wireless networlcs 14, 16, 18. If the wireless device 12 is within the range a particular wireless network, the device 12 will be able to communicate through a linlc of that wireless network.
The wireless device 12 may run one or more applications that exchange data/information through,wireless networks as the applications are run. Such an application can be, for example, a networlc browser that exchanges information with the distributed application known as the "World Wide Web." Another exemplary application can be electronic mail or instant messaging services.
In general, WLANs provide higher throughput rates (e.g., from 11 Mbps to 54 Mbps and higher), but are not conducive to use in higher mobility applications (e.g., such as when a user is in a car). WWANs can be used in high mobility applications, but do not provide as much throughput as WLANs. Thus, to increase throughput rates for the user of the wireless device 12, it is desirable to connect to a WLAN when one is available and comlection to it is possible, while connecting to a WWAN when a WLAN comzection is not available or possible.
To provide uninterrupted and effective wireless access for the wireless device 12 in exemplary environment 10, the present invention provides systems and methods so that WLANs and WWANs are able to automatically and seamlessly hand-off communications with the wireless device 12 as it roams between or among them, without the applications executing on the wireless device 12 being adversely affected.
System For Seamless Roaming Figure 2 illustrates an exemplary system for seamless roaming between wireless networks according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown, this system can be incorporated into or comprise a wireless device 12. The wireless device 12 can be any suitable electronic device such as, for example, a portable personal computer (PC), wireless PDA or cellular phone, having a data processing facility supported by memory (either internal or external) and being wireless network capable.
A number of networking hardware devices, such as WLAN hardware 26, WWAN
hardware 28, and combination hardware 30, support connections between wireless device 12 and various wireless networks. WLAN hardware 26 supports connection with a WLAN.
WWAN hardware 28 supports connection with a WWAN. Combination hardware 30 supports coimection with either a WLAN or a WWAN. The networking hardware devices could be a wireless modem, a wireless network interface card (I~TIC), or any other suitable hardware peripheral device for supporting a wireless connection. In other embodiments, such devices can be implemented in any combination of hardware and software. A
driver layer 32, which may be implemented in software or hardware or both, functions as a hardware controller for the WLAN hardware 26, WWAN hardware 28, and combination hardware 30.
A user interface (I/F) 34 generally functions to enable a human user to interact with the wireless device 12, for example, to run applications (e.g., word processing), browse the Internet, check email, and the like. The functionality of the user interface 34 can be performed by one or more suitable input devices (e.g., keypad, touch screen, input port, pointing device, microphone, and/or other device that can accept user input information) and one or more suitable output devices (e.g., video display, output port, speaker, or other device, for conveying information, including digital data, visual information, or audio information).
In one embodiment, each user interface 34 may comprise or be operable to display at least one graphical user interface (GUI) having a number of interactive devices, such as buttons, windows, pull-down menus, and the like to facilitate the entry, viewing, and/or retrieval of information.
The wireless device 12 may operate under the control of a suitable operating system (OS) 20, such as, for example, MS-DOS, MAC OS, WINDOWS NT, WINDOWS 95, WINDOWS CE, OS/2, UNIX, LINUX, LMOWS, XENIX, PALM OS, and the lilce. One or more software applications 22 may run on the wireless device 12. Each application 22 may interact with the operating system 20. These applications 22 may support numerous services or functions such as, for example, document sharing, accounting, word processing, application sharing, file transfer, remote control, browser, voice over W
ternet Protocol (IP), user authentication, address book, files and folders, accounting, database management, and the like. At least a portion of these applications 22 may require the exchange of information _g_ over the wireless network with other electronic devices as the applications 22 are executing on the wireless device 12.
A connectivity application 24, provided in the software layer, acts as a pseudo muter of network addresses and connectivity. The coimectivity application 24 logically resides between the operating system 20 and the driver layer 32 of hardware controllers. The connectivity application 24 may logically "sit on top" of operating system 20.
Connectivity application 24 may support the detection of wireless connections that are available in any given location to the wireless device 12. These connections include both WLAN
and WWAN connections. Furthermore, unlike previously developed techniques, the connectivity application 24 maintains information and handles connectivity for different kinds of wireless networks. As such, connectivity application 24 is able to coordinate the connection of the wireless device 12 with different wireless networks, thereby providing seamless transition or handoff between the networlcs, including from a WLAN connection to a WWAN
connection, and vice versa, as well as between WLAN or WWAN connections. Connectivity application 24 may provide the IP address of the wireless comiection in use to the operating system 20, which in turn publishes this IP address to all applications 22. As depicted, in one embodiment, connectivity application 24 includes a user interface (Ul) component 36, a core component 38, a WLAN interface component 40, a WWAN interface component 42, and a combination interface component 44.
WLAN interface component 40, WWAN interface component 42, and combination interface component 44 provide or support an interface with the driver layer 32 comprising device drivers, which can be supplied by the respective hardware manufacturers of the networking hardware devices (e.g., WLAN hardware 26, WWAN hardware 28, and combination hardware 30). WLAN interface component 40 may handle all the communications with, for example, any WiFi compliant 802.11a card and its driver. WLAN
interface component 40 can, for example, interface with the application program interface (API) of the WLAN card. This component 40 implements both the standard interfaces as well as specific aspects of communicating with the WLAN card, to retrieve common information such as Status, Signal Strength, MAC Address, Firmware version, and the like.
The WLAN interface component 40 also handles sending and receiving messages to the card.
The WWAN interface component 42 and the combo interface component 44 have similar functionality to its WLAN counterpart, except that it is implemented to communicate with the API of the WWAN card.
The UI component 36 provides support for the presentation (e.g., visually, audibly, physically, etc.) of information relating to the wireless connections for the wireless device 12.
This information may include, for example, network information for WWAN 14 and WLANs 16, 18. The UI component 36 may also allow a user to configure or set (e.g., enabling and disabling) the wireless connections for the device 12. In one embodiment, for example, UI
component 36 may enable a user to readily and easily, yet manually or automatically, switch from one wireless network connection (e.g., for WWAN 14) to another wireless network connections (e.g., for WLAN 16) with no adverse effect on applications running on the wireless device 12.
The core component 38 is in communication with UI component 36, WLAN interface component 40, WWAN interface component 42, and combination interface component 44.
The core component 38 implements the logic for lceeping track of, handling, and managing the connectivity to the wireless networks and informing the operating system 20 about any changes. The core component 38 may also be responsible for automated switching of the connections which, in one embodiment, can be rule-based switching. The core component 38 may automatically authenticate and connect the wireless device 12 to preferred wireless networks that are detected.
In operation, as the wireless device 12 is moved between or among the effective ranges of various wireless networks (WLAN or WWAN), connectivity application functions to change connections from one wireless network to another wireless network. In one aspect, the change of wireless connection can be automatic such that, for example, upon loss of connectivity from any one connection, the connectivity application 24 will automatically initiate a new connection and pass the respective IP address to operating system 20. Then, as applications 22 are subsequently refreshed using an IP
connection, the applications 22 will automatically pick up the new IP address and start using the new address for wireless connectivity (e.g., according to the rules of core component 38).
This may occur without any noticeable loss of connectivity to the user of the wireless device 12. In another aspect, the change of wireless connection can be manually initiated by the user. Connectivity application 24 supports the detection of wireless connections that may be available for any given location. Information about the available wireless connections may be accessed by the user from connectivity application 24 via user interface 34. Then, the user can select which wireless connection to use for comiectivity (e.g., to the Internet).
As such, the system according to an embodiment of the present invention provides ubiquity of access to wireless data and efficiency of spectral usage in cellular bands when using wireless data. Thus, for example, Internet-enabled applications 22 do not experience a loss of connectivity as a result of connection loss by wireless device 12 with either a WWAN
or a WLAN. Nor do the applications 22 experience loss of connection as result of transition from one wireless network to another (e.g., from WWAN to WLAN). Furthermore, the system allows cellular service providers to offer wireless data services supported by a combination of their existing two-and-a-half generation ("2.SG") networks (such as, but not limited to, GPRS, CDMA lxRTT) and IEEE 802.11 WLAN networks (such as, but not limited to, 802.1 la, 802.11b, 802.11g, etc.), with minimal risk of wireless data consuming the entire available capacity of the cellular networlcs.
User Interface Component Figure 3 illustrates an exemplary user interface component 36 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 3, the user interface component 36 can be completely separated from the core functionality (e.g., managing connections) provided by core component 38 (of Figure 2) of the connectivity application 24. This separability can be done in order to allow users of the connectivity application 24 to provide their own user interfaces to the application, each interface having the look and feel (along with branding) desired by the particular service provider. As shown, user interface component 36 includes a third-generation (3G) UI subcomponent 50, a WLAN UI
subcomponent 52, an inter-subcomponent communication module 54, and a core interface (I/F) subcomponent 56.
The 3G UI subcomponent 50 may handle the connectldiscormect functionality for various WWANs, which can be the 2.SG or 3G of mobile communications technology.
Examples of such technologies include, but are not limited to GPRS, CDMA lxRTT
and iDEN Packet Data services (for 2.SG) and W-CDMA based services such as UMTS
and CDMA 3xRTT (for 3G). Relative to first generation (e.g., analog cellular) and second generation (e.g., digital PCS), 2.SG and 3G technology provides increased bandwidth. For example, 3G technology provides up to 384 Kbps when a wireless device is stationary or moving at pedestrian speed, 128 I~bps in a car, and 2 Mbps in fixed applications. 3G UI
subcomponent 50 may present or display information for the signal strength of each available WWAN (e.g., 2.5G or 3G) connection, as well as type of connection (e.g., circuit-switched or packet-switched). This subcomponent 50 may also display or present information about the availability of WWAN service, or lack thereof.
WLAN UI subcomponent 52 can, among other things, keep traclc of and/or present all identified WLANs in the particular location of wireless device 12, as well as their current connections and encryption status. This WLAN UI subcomponent 52 may also handle selection by a user and connection of the wireless device 12 to the various WLANs.
Taken together, 3G UI subcomponent 50 and WLAN UI subcomponent 52 provide the user of the wireless device 12 with a real-time picture of all available connections to the various wireless networks, and may direct the user to a location where connectivity is available. A user of the wireless device 12 can toggle connections between WWAN and WLAN connections by interacting with 3G UI subcomponent 50 and WLAN UI
subcomponent 52.
The inter-subcomponent communication module 54 is responsible for communicating the status of each of the subcomponents 50 and 52. The inter-subcomponent communication module 54 may notify core component 38 of connection status change for each of these subcomponents. The core I/F subcomponent 56 interacts with core component 38 of connectivity application 24. Core interface 54 may, among other things, communicate the status of the wireless connections and user interactions with UI component 36 to the core component 38.
Core Component Figure 4 illustrates an exemplary core component 38 according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the core component 38 generally functions to handle and manage the connectivity to the wireless networks and inform the operating system 20 about any changes. As depicted, the core component 38 includes an active connection selection 60 and a rules engine 62.
The active connection selection 60 keeps track of the various wireless connections which are presently available (including both WLAN and WWAN connections) and also the particular wireless connection, that is currently in use by the wireless device 12. The active coimection selection 60 publishes the active connection information to the operating system 20; that is, it provides the operating system 20 with information (e.g., IP
address) for the current wireless connection. The wireless connection currently in use can be changed by modifying (or toggling) current active connection 60, either by a direct user intervention or as a result of one or more rules in the rules engine 62.
The rules engine 62 may implement and execute a number of rules for automated switching of the wireless connections, and authentication and connection of the wireless device 12 to a preferred wireless network. These rules may define, for example, what to do when a GPRS connection is lost. Rules engine 62 may also allow the rules themselves to be created, modified, or deleted, thereby defining the characteristic behavior of core component 38.
The rules engine 62 is responsible for making the decision as to which wireless network (e.g., WWAN 14, WLAN 16, or WLAN 18) to connect in the event of lost connectivity or the availability of multiple wireless networks. The core component 38 automatically detects any available wireless networks in the area of wireless device 12 and uses the rules engine 62 to determine to which networlc to connect. The rules engine 62 functions on the basis of a combination of inputs from the user as well as predefined rules provided by one or more service providers (who operate or maintain the wireless networks and/or provide services to the user). By way of illustration, two examples of the operation of rules engine 62 according to the present invention are presented below.
The first rule example illustrations the operation of a user supplied rule. In a user's neighborhood, there are two wireless networks, Network A and Network B.
Network A
provides fast connectivity, but is unreliable and down about 50% of the time.
Network B is highly reliable, but provides only about 50% of the data rate of Network A.
The user creates a rule in the rules engine 62 that gives higher priority to the Networlc A, rather than Network B. When the core component 38 uses the rules engine 62 to decide to which detected network to connect, the rules engine 62 will recommend that the wireless device 12 connect to Network A. In the event of loss of connectivity between the wireless device 12 and Network A, the core component 38 will again use the rules engine 62, which returns a recommendation that the wireless device 12 connect, secondarily, to Network B.
The second rule example illustrations the operation of a service provider supplied rule. A service provider provides WWAN services through Networlc P and WLAN
services -13- ' through Network Q. For technical reasons, such as preserving spectrum availability on the WWAN (Network P), a service provider may specify a rube in the rule engine 62 that recommends that a user, who is currently on the WWAN, must be intelligently switched to the WLAN, as soon as it becomes available, thereby minimizing the number of users on the WWAN.
Because core coyponent 38 maintains information and handles connectivity for various kinds of wireless networks (e.g., WWAN and WLAN), connectivity application 24 is able to coordinate for seamless transition or handoff between wireless networks, including from a WLAN connection to a WWAN connection, and vice versa, or between different WWAN or WLAN connections. This seamless session switching functionality can be handled by a specific implementation of a well-defined standard such as, for example, Mobile Internet Protocol (1P) or IPv6 (which is also lcnown as IPng, or IP next generation).
Method for Seamless Roaming Figure 5 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary method 100 for seamless roaming between wireless networks according to an embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 5, the method 100 can be perfonned, at least in part, by a connectivity application 24 rumung on a wireless device 12 that has mobility through the areas of coverage provided by one or more wireless networks. The method 100 begins at step 102, where the wireless device 12 searches for available wireless networks (e.g., WWAN, WLAN, etc.).
At step 104, the connectivity application 24 determines whether at least one network has been detected. If no network is detected, the method 100 returns to step 102 where the wireless device 12 continues to search for a wireless network.
If at least one network is detected, then at step 106 wireless device 12 searches the rules engine 62 of the connectivity application 24 to identify one or more applicable rules for connecting the wireless device 12 to one of the detected networks. At step 108, the connectivity application 24 directs the wireless device 12 to connect to a particular detected network per the recommendation of rubes engine 62. Once connected, the connection is monitored and maintained at step 110 (discussed further, below).
Figure 6 illustrates a flow chart of an exemplary method for network connection monitoring and maintenance according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 6, the comiectivity application monitors the current network connection at step 112.
Such monitoring can include, for example, measuring the existence or strength of, or perceiving the desirability of maintaining, the current network connection. At step 114, the wireless device 12 determines whether there has been a loss in the wireless connection. If there is a loss, then method 100 returns to step 102 where the wireless device 12 searches for available wireless networks. Otherwise, if there has not been a loss of connection, then at step 116, the connectivity application 24 determines whether there has been any user intervention such as, for example, a user shutting down the wireless device 12 or initiating a manual switching of the wireless comlection between or among the different available networks. If there has not been any user intervention, then the method 100 returns to step 112 where the current wireless connection is further monitored.
On the other hand, if at step 116 there has been user intervention, then at step 118 the connectivity application 24 determines whether there the user initiated an instruction to manually switch connection to another wireless network. If there is such an instruction, then at step 120 the connectivity application 24 directs the wireless device 12 to cormect to the network specified by the user. Upon making this user-initiated switch, the method 100 . returns to step 112 and begins monitoring of the new network connection.
Otherwise, if there has been user intervention, but not to initiate a manual network connection switch, then the method 100 ends.
Although particular embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from the present invention in its broader aspects, and therefore, the appended claims are to encompass within their scope all such changes and modifications that fall within the true scope of the present invention.
Claims (25)
1. A wireless device for seamless roaming among one or more wireless wide area networks (WWANs) and one or more wireless local area networks (WLANs), the wireless device comprising:
a user interface enabling a user to interact with the wireless device;
one or more network interfaces coupled to the wireless device and to the one or more WWANs and the one or more WLANs;
an operating system running on the wireless device;
a connectivity application running on top of the operating system and including:
a user interface software component coupled to the user interface;
a core component coupled to the user interface software component;
and one or more network interface components coupled to the core component; and a driver layer functioning on top of the operating system and coupled to the one or more network interface components and to the one or more network interfaces wherein the core component comprises an active connection selection subcomponent and a rules engine subcomponent, wherein:
the active connection selection subcomponent implements logic to:
detect an availability for the one or more WWANs and the one or more WLANs via the one or more network interface components;
establish and maintain a connection to a first of the available one or more WWANs and one or more WLANs; and communicate the availability and a connection status to the user via the user interface software component; and the rules engine subcomponent implements logic to:
define selection criteria by which the active connection selection subcomponent establishes and maintains the connection to the first of the available one or more WWANs and one or more WLANs.
a user interface enabling a user to interact with the wireless device;
one or more network interfaces coupled to the wireless device and to the one or more WWANs and the one or more WLANs;
an operating system running on the wireless device;
a connectivity application running on top of the operating system and including:
a user interface software component coupled to the user interface;
a core component coupled to the user interface software component;
and one or more network interface components coupled to the core component; and a driver layer functioning on top of the operating system and coupled to the one or more network interface components and to the one or more network interfaces wherein the core component comprises an active connection selection subcomponent and a rules engine subcomponent, wherein:
the active connection selection subcomponent implements logic to:
detect an availability for the one or more WWANs and the one or more WLANs via the one or more network interface components;
establish and maintain a connection to a first of the available one or more WWANs and one or more WLANs; and communicate the availability and a connection status to the user via the user interface software component; and the rules engine subcomponent implements logic to:
define selection criteria by which the active connection selection subcomponent establishes and maintains the connection to the first of the available one or more WWANs and one or more WLANs.
2. The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the user interface comprises:
an input device, the input device including at least one of:
a keypad;
a touch screen;
an input port;
a pointing device; and a microphone; and an output device, the output device including at least one of:
video display;
an output port; and a speaker.
an input device, the input device including at least one of:
a keypad;
a touch screen;
an input port;
a pointing device; and a microphone; and an output device, the output device including at least one of:
video display;
an output port; and a speaker.
3. The wireless device of claim 2, further comprising at least one graphical user interface (GUI) having a plurality of interactive devices designed to facilitate the user interaction with the wireless device via the input device and the output device.
4. The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the one or more network interfaces comprises at least one of:
a WWAN interface and a WLAN interface; and a combination WWAN/WLAN interface.
a WWAN interface and a WLAN interface; and a combination WWAN/WLAN interface.
5. The wireless device of claim 4, wherein the WWAN interface and the combination WWAN/WLAN interface are capable of coupling to at least one of:
an analog cellular network;
a digital cellular network;
a TDMA network;
a CDMA network;
a 1xRTT network;
a GPRS network;
a GSM network;
an EDGE network;
a UMTS network; and an iDEN Packet Data network.
an analog cellular network;
a digital cellular network;
a TDMA network;
a CDMA network;
a 1xRTT network;
a GPRS network;
a GSM network;
an EDGE network;
a UMTS network; and an iDEN Packet Data network.
6. The wireless device of claim 4, wherein the WLAN interface and the combination WWAN/WLAN interface are capable of coupling to at least one of:
an IEEE 802.11 network;
a HomeRF network;
a Bluetooth network; and a HiperLAN network.
an IEEE 802.11 network;
a HomeRF network;
a Bluetooth network; and a HiperLAN network.
7. The wireless device of claim 4, wherein at least one of the WWAN
interface, the WLAN interface and the combination WWAN/WLAN interface is implemented by hardware.
interface, the WLAN interface and the combination WWAN/WLAN interface is implemented by hardware.
8. The wireless device of claim 4, wherein at least one of the WWAN
interface, the WLAN interface and the combination WWAN/WLAN interface is implemented by software.
interface, the WLAN interface and the combination WWAN/WLAN interface is implemented by software.
9. The wireless device of claim 4, wherein at least one of the WWAN
interface, the WLAN interface and the combination WWAN/WLAN interface is implemented by both hardware and software.
interface, the WLAN interface and the combination WWAN/WLAN interface is implemented by both hardware and software.
10. The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the operating system comprises one of:
MS-DOS;
MAC OS;
WINDOWS;
OS/2;
UNIX;
LINUX;
LINDOWS;
XENIX; and PALM OS.
MS-DOS;
MAC OS;
WINDOWS;
OS/2;
UNIX;
LINUX;
LINDOWS;
XENIX; and PALM OS.
11. The wireless device of claim 1, the active connection selection subcomponent further implements logic to automatically switch the connection from the first of the available one or more WWVANs and one or more WLANs to a second of the available one or more WWANs and one or more WLANs based on the selection criteria of the rules engine subcomponent.
12. The wireless device of claim 1, the active connection selection subcomponent further implements logic to switch the connection from the first of the available one or more WWANs and one or more WLANs to a second of the available one or more WWANs and one or more WLANs based on a manual switching selection of the user.
13. The wireless device of claim 1, wherein the user interface component presents the availability and the connection status to the user via the user interface.
14. The wireless device of claim 1, further comprising one or more other applications running on top of the operating system and coupled to the one or more WWANs and the one or more WLANs via the connectivity application.
15. A wireless device as in claim 1 where the connectivity application, responsive to a user's intervention, switches from one network connection to another without first detecting a connection loss.
16. A wireless device for seamless roaming among one or more wireless wide area networks (WWANs) and one or more wireless local area networks (WLANs), the wireless device comprising:
a user interface enabling a user to interact with the wireless device;
one or more network interfaces coupled to the wireless device and to the one or more WWANs and the one or more WLANs;
an operating system running on the wireless device;
a connectivity application running on top of the operating system and including:
a user interface software component coupled to the user interface;
a core component coupled to the user software interface component;
and one or more network interface components coupled to the core component; and a driver layer functioning on top of the operating system and coupled to the one or more network interface components and to the one or more network interfaces wherein the user software interface component includes:
a third-generation subcomponent;
a WLAN user interface subcomponent;
an inter-subcomponent communication module coupled to the third-generation subcomponent and the WLAN user interface subcomponent; and a core interface subcomponent coupled to the inter-subcomponent communication module.
a user interface enabling a user to interact with the wireless device;
one or more network interfaces coupled to the wireless device and to the one or more WWANs and the one or more WLANs;
an operating system running on the wireless device;
a connectivity application running on top of the operating system and including:
a user interface software component coupled to the user interface;
a core component coupled to the user software interface component;
and one or more network interface components coupled to the core component; and a driver layer functioning on top of the operating system and coupled to the one or more network interface components and to the one or more network interfaces wherein the user software interface component includes:
a third-generation subcomponent;
a WLAN user interface subcomponent;
an inter-subcomponent communication module coupled to the third-generation subcomponent and the WLAN user interface subcomponent; and a core interface subcomponent coupled to the inter-subcomponent communication module.
17. The wireless device of claim 16, wherein: the inter-subcomponent communication module is further coupled to the user software interface component;
and the core interface subcomponent is further coupled to the core component.
and the core interface subcomponent is further coupled to the core component.
18. A method for seamless switching of a wireless device between one or more wireless wide area networks (WWANs) and one or more wireless local area networks (WLANs), the method comprising the steps of:
a) detecting available networks from the one or more WWANs and the one or more WLANs;
b) communicating the network availability and a connection status to a user of the wireless device;
c) selecting one of the available networks for use by the wireless device, the selecting including:
1) a rule-based process further including:
a) searching a rules engine for an applicable rule defining which of the available networks to select;
b) applying the applicable rule;
c) connecting the wireless device to the selected available network, or 2) a manual process including:
a) enabling the user to manually switch the wireless device connection from the selected available network to another available network; and d) maintaining the wireless device connection wherein step of enabling includes:
detecting an intervention by the user;
determining whether the intervention is a request by the user to switch the wireless device connection from the selected available network;
if the intervention is the request, disconnecting the network device from the selected available network and reconnecting the network device to another available network; and if the intervention is not the request, ending the network device connection.
a) detecting available networks from the one or more WWANs and the one or more WLANs;
b) communicating the network availability and a connection status to a user of the wireless device;
c) selecting one of the available networks for use by the wireless device, the selecting including:
1) a rule-based process further including:
a) searching a rules engine for an applicable rule defining which of the available networks to select;
b) applying the applicable rule;
c) connecting the wireless device to the selected available network, or 2) a manual process including:
a) enabling the user to manually switch the wireless device connection from the selected available network to another available network; and d) maintaining the wireless device connection wherein step of enabling includes:
detecting an intervention by the user;
determining whether the intervention is a request by the user to switch the wireless device connection from the selected available network;
if the intervention is the request, disconnecting the network device from the selected available network and reconnecting the network device to another available network; and if the intervention is not the request, ending the network device connection.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the one or more WWANs include at least one of:
an analog cellular network;
a digital cellular network;
a TDMA network;
a CDMA network;
a 1xRTT network;
a GPRS network; a GSM network;
an EDGE network;
a UMTS network; and an iDEN Packet Data network.
an analog cellular network;
a digital cellular network;
a TDMA network;
a CDMA network;
a 1xRTT network;
a GPRS network; a GSM network;
an EDGE network;
a UMTS network; and an iDEN Packet Data network.
20. The method of claim 18, wherein the one or more WLANs include at least one of:
an IEEE 802.11 network;
a HomeRF network;
a Bluetooth network; and a HiperLAN network.
an IEEE 802.11 network;
a HomeRF network;
a Bluetooth network; and a HiperLAN network.
21. The method of claim 18, wherein the steps of detecting, selecting, connecting and maintaining are performed automatically.
22. The method of claim 21, wherein the rules engine includes one or more service provider rules.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein the one or more service provider rules include a WLAN preference rule.
24. The method of claim 21, wherein the step of maintaining includes:
monitoring the selected available network connection to determine a connecting loss; upon determining the connection loss, repeating the steps of the selecting and connecting.
monitoring the selected available network connection to determine a connecting loss; upon determining the connection loss, repeating the steps of the selecting and connecting.
25. A wireless device for seamless roaming among one or more wireless wide area networks (WWANs) and one or more wireless local area networks (WLANs), the wireless device comprising:
a hardware user interface enabling a user to interact with the wireless device;
one or more network interfaces coupled to the wireless device and to the one or more WWANs and the one or more WLANs;
an operating system running on the wireless device;
a connectivity application running on top of the operating system and including:
a user interface software component counted to the user interface;
a core component coupled to the user interface software component the core component including a rule evaluating engine and a plurality of predetermined connection rules, at least one of which is user created to specify at least one network connection; and one or more network interface components coupled to the core component;
and a driver layer functioning on top of the operating system and coupled to the one or more network interface components and to the one or more network interfaces where the connectivity application, responsive to a user instruction, switches from one network to another without first detecting a connection loss.
a hardware user interface enabling a user to interact with the wireless device;
one or more network interfaces coupled to the wireless device and to the one or more WWANs and the one or more WLANs;
an operating system running on the wireless device;
a connectivity application running on top of the operating system and including:
a user interface software component counted to the user interface;
a core component coupled to the user interface software component the core component including a rule evaluating engine and a plurality of predetermined connection rules, at least one of which is user created to specify at least one network connection; and one or more network interface components coupled to the core component;
and a driver layer functioning on top of the operating system and coupled to the one or more network interface components and to the one or more network interfaces where the connectivity application, responsive to a user instruction, switches from one network to another without first detecting a connection loss.
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PCT/US2003/024630 WO2005018252A1 (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2003-08-06 | Systems and methods for seamless roaming between wireless networks |
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JP (1) | JP4649547B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100972068B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1802864A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003261411A1 (en) |
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CN101635660B (en) * | 2008-07-23 | 2012-02-01 | 华为终端有限公司 | Chain circuit switching method, customer premises equipment and chain circuit switching system |
CN102149153B (en) * | 2010-07-15 | 2016-08-17 | 优视科技有限公司 | A kind of network automatic switching method for mobile communication equipment terminals and device |
CN102651883B (en) * | 2011-02-25 | 2016-12-28 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Detection terminal connects the method and device lost |
EP2826269B1 (en) * | 2012-03-14 | 2016-03-09 | Headwater Partners I LLC | Mobile device activation via dynamically selected access network |
CN103780512B (en) * | 2014-01-26 | 2017-02-15 | 宇龙计算机通信科技(深圳)有限公司 | Manual network selection registration method and device |
CN104185235B (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2016-01-06 | 小米科技有限责任公司 | Wireless network method of adjustment and device |
US9794896B2 (en) | 2014-08-19 | 2017-10-17 | Xiaomi Inc. | Method and device for adjusting state of wireless network |
US9362988B2 (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2016-06-07 | Qualcomm Incorporated | WWAN and WLAN cooperative support of multi-SIM devices |
US10506616B2 (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2019-12-10 | Charter Communications Operating, Llc | Prioritizing preferred networks |
US11228957B2 (en) * | 2019-09-13 | 2022-01-18 | Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc | Seamless roaming of real time media sessions |
US11706682B2 (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2023-07-18 | Google Llc | Switchable communication transport for communication between primary devices and vehicle head units |
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JP2000196496A (en) * | 1998-12-30 | 2000-07-14 | Murata Mfg Co Ltd | High frequency switch |
US6965948B1 (en) * | 1999-11-12 | 2005-11-15 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Method and apparatus for selective network access |
SE522317C2 (en) * | 2000-02-02 | 2004-02-03 | Telia Ab | Method for selecting radio networks, as well as systems and terminals for utilization of the method |
US20020039892A1 (en) * | 2000-10-04 | 2002-04-04 | Bo Lindell | System and method for network and service selection in a mobile communication station |
US7039027B2 (en) * | 2000-12-28 | 2006-05-02 | Symbol Technologies, Inc. | Automatic and seamless vertical roaming between wireless local area network (WLAN) and wireless wide area network (WWAN) while maintaining an active voice or streaming data connection: systems, methods and program products |
WO2003015444A1 (en) * | 2001-08-06 | 2003-02-20 | Yuugenkaisha Tachikairokenkyuukai | Radio communication terminal, relay server, radio communication system and radio communication method, and control program |
US7225260B2 (en) * | 2001-09-28 | 2007-05-29 | Symbol Technologies, Inc. | Software method for maintaining connectivity between applications during communications by mobile computer terminals operable in wireless networks |
US6744753B2 (en) * | 2001-11-01 | 2004-06-01 | Nokia Corporation | Local service handover |
US6801777B2 (en) * | 2001-11-27 | 2004-10-05 | Intel Corporation | Device and method for intelligent wireless communication selection |
WO2003061177A2 (en) * | 2002-01-02 | 2003-07-24 | Winphoria Networks, Inc. | Method, system and apparatus for providing wwan services to a mobile station serviced by a wlan |
US7329440B2 (en) * | 2004-11-09 | 2008-02-12 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal composition and liquid crystal electro-optical device |
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CA2527511A1 (en) | 2005-02-24 |
CN1802864A (en) | 2006-07-12 |
AU2003261411A1 (en) | 2005-03-07 |
JP4649547B2 (en) | 2011-03-09 |
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