CA2498587A1 - Surge protection circuit - Google Patents
Surge protection circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CA2498587A1 CA2498587A1 CA 2498587 CA2498587A CA2498587A1 CA 2498587 A1 CA2498587 A1 CA 2498587A1 CA 2498587 CA2498587 CA 2498587 CA 2498587 A CA2498587 A CA 2498587A CA 2498587 A1 CA2498587 A1 CA 2498587A1
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Abstract
A surge protector with at least one surge suppressor integrated circuit (IC) having first and second transient voltage suppression (TVS) diodes configured 2 per package for reducing near and far end cross talk in a high speed telecommunication line, and first and second general purpose fuses coupled to said first and second TVS
diodes for reducing insertion and return loss in the high speed telecommunication line.
diodes for reducing insertion and return loss in the high speed telecommunication line.
Description
SURGE PROTECTION CIRCUIT
This application claims the benefit of the filing date of a provisional application having serial number 60/457,874 which was filed on February 26, 2004.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A typical data communication system includes data communication equipment that transmits data over a charnel provided by a transmission media such as a cable. The channel may be subjected to transient over-voltage conditions which may not only impair the data but also may damage the data communication equipment. A surge protector may be applied across the channel in an attempt to protect the system from such over-voltage conditions. However, the insertion of a surge protector in a channel or cable may introduce various types of signal loss and crosstalk. For example, insertion loss results from the insertion of the surge protector and is expressed as the reciprocal of the ratio of the signal power delivered to that part of the cable or line following the device to the signal power I S delivered to that same part before insertion of the device. Return loss is a measure of signal reflections occurring along a cable and is caused by various electrical mismatches along the cabling of the channel.
In addition, transmission of data over a data channel may introduce crosstalk which is a signal disturbance, such as noise or interference, caused by electromagnetic coupling from one signal path to another. Crosstalk measured at the end from which the disturbing signal is transmitted is referred to as near end cross talk (NEXT). Crosstalk measured at the opposite end from which the disturbing signal is transmitted is referred to as far end cross talk (FEXT). The Telecommunications Industry Association/Electronic Industry Association (TIA/EIA) provides specifications and compliance requirements for cabling used in data communication systems operating at different data rates. For example, category specifies requirements for a system communicating up to 100 Mbps (Fast Ethernet) and category Se (enhanced) species data rates up to 1 Gbps.
What is needed is a category Se surge protector that provides transient protection while meeting industry standards such as signal loss and crosstalk for a communication 5 cabling system.
The present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art by providing a surge protector having transient protection that meets industry standards for signal loss and crosstalk specifications for a category Se cabling system.
in one embodiment, a surge protector is provided that includes at least one surge suppressor integrated circuit (IC) having first and second transient voltage suppression (TVS) diodes configured 2 per package for reducing crosstalk such as NEXT and FEXT in a high speed telecommunication line. A first and second general purpose (e.g., non-telecommunication grade) fuse is coupled to the first and second TVS diodes for reducing signal loss such as insertion and return loss in the high speed telecommunication line. This configuration substantially meets category Se industry standards for signal loss and crosstalk.
The foregoing has outlined the present invention so that those skilled in the art may better understand the detailed description of the invention that follows.
Additional features of the invention will be described hereinafter that form the subject of the claims of the invention. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that they. can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiment as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention and that such other structures do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention in its broadest form.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Other aspects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following detailed description, the appended claims, and the accompanying drawings in which similar elements are given similar reference numerals.
This application claims the benefit of the filing date of a provisional application having serial number 60/457,874 which was filed on February 26, 2004.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
A typical data communication system includes data communication equipment that transmits data over a charnel provided by a transmission media such as a cable. The channel may be subjected to transient over-voltage conditions which may not only impair the data but also may damage the data communication equipment. A surge protector may be applied across the channel in an attempt to protect the system from such over-voltage conditions. However, the insertion of a surge protector in a channel or cable may introduce various types of signal loss and crosstalk. For example, insertion loss results from the insertion of the surge protector and is expressed as the reciprocal of the ratio of the signal power delivered to that part of the cable or line following the device to the signal power I S delivered to that same part before insertion of the device. Return loss is a measure of signal reflections occurring along a cable and is caused by various electrical mismatches along the cabling of the channel.
In addition, transmission of data over a data channel may introduce crosstalk which is a signal disturbance, such as noise or interference, caused by electromagnetic coupling from one signal path to another. Crosstalk measured at the end from which the disturbing signal is transmitted is referred to as near end cross talk (NEXT). Crosstalk measured at the opposite end from which the disturbing signal is transmitted is referred to as far end cross talk (FEXT). The Telecommunications Industry Association/Electronic Industry Association (TIA/EIA) provides specifications and compliance requirements for cabling used in data communication systems operating at different data rates. For example, category specifies requirements for a system communicating up to 100 Mbps (Fast Ethernet) and category Se (enhanced) species data rates up to 1 Gbps.
What is needed is a category Se surge protector that provides transient protection while meeting industry standards such as signal loss and crosstalk for a communication 5 cabling system.
The present invention overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art by providing a surge protector having transient protection that meets industry standards for signal loss and crosstalk specifications for a category Se cabling system.
in one embodiment, a surge protector is provided that includes at least one surge suppressor integrated circuit (IC) having first and second transient voltage suppression (TVS) diodes configured 2 per package for reducing crosstalk such as NEXT and FEXT in a high speed telecommunication line. A first and second general purpose (e.g., non-telecommunication grade) fuse is coupled to the first and second TVS diodes for reducing signal loss such as insertion and return loss in the high speed telecommunication line. This configuration substantially meets category Se industry standards for signal loss and crosstalk.
The foregoing has outlined the present invention so that those skilled in the art may better understand the detailed description of the invention that follows.
Additional features of the invention will be described hereinafter that form the subject of the claims of the invention. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that they. can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiment as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention and that such other structures do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention in its broadest form.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Other aspects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more fully apparent from the following detailed description, the appended claims, and the accompanying drawings in which similar elements are given similar reference numerals.
2 ' FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram ofa surge protector according to one embc>dimr;nt ul' the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a top view of a surge suppressor IC of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a pin layout of the surge suppressor IC of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the surge suppressor IC of FIG. 2; and FIG. 5 is a PCB layout of the surge protector of FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present invention discloses a surge protector that provides tr~nsicnt protection and substantially meets category Se industry standards for signal loss and crosstalk. The surge protector includes at least one surge suppressor integrated circuit (IC) having first and second transient voltage suppression (TVS) diodes configured 2 per package for reducing emsstalk such as near end cross talk (NEXT) and far end cross talk (FEXT) for a category Se high speed telecommunication line. A first and second general purpose fuse (e.g., non-telecommunication grade) is coupled to the first and second TVS diodes for reducing signal loss such as insertion and return loss for a category Se high speed telecommunication line.
Moreover, the TVS diodes can help provide transient protection by diverting an input overvoltage condition to the TVS diodes and away from computer/electrical devices.
Referring to FIG. 1, shown is a a schematic diagram of a surge protector 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The surge protector 10 includes surge suppressor ICs U1, U2, U3 and U4 which can be grouped or configured into packages where each package contains a pair of ICs and corresponding fuses. For example. U 1 and LJ? can be configured to form one package and U3 and U4 can be configured to form another package. This arrangement can help reduce crosstalk such as FEXT and NEXT. In particular, the arrangement of the surge protector 10 substantially meets the energy handling capability of the UL497B standard for transient protection and the category Se channel cabling requirements for high speed transmission lines.
In one application, surge protector 10 can be disposed between a transmitting computer/electrical device (not shown) via a first connector Pl and a receiving device (not shown) via a second connector P2. The terminals P1_1 through PI 8 of connector Pl and the terminals P2_1 through P2_8 of connector P2 can be arranged into 4 signal line pairs where each signal line pair is associated with a surge sttppressor IC and a pair of fuses. The first signal line pair includes a first signal line defined by terminals P1-1, P2_l, conductors S 30, 32 and fuse F1 and a second signal line defined by terminals P I ~2, P2 2, conductors 34.
36 and fuse F2. The second signal line pair includes a third signal line defined by terminals P1 3, P2 3, conductors 50, 52 and fuse F3 and a fourth signal line defined by terminals P1 6, P2 6, conductors 54, 56 and fuse F4. The third signal line pair includes a fifth signal line defined by terminals P1 4, P2 4, conductors 58, 60 and fuse FS and a sixth signal line defined by terminals PI 5, P2_5, conductors 62, 64 and fuse F6. The fourth signal line pair includes a seventh signal line defined by terminals P1 7, P2 7, conductors 66, 68 and fuse F7 and an eighth signal line defined by terminals PI 8, P2 8, conductors 70, 72 and fuse F8.
In one embodiment, connectors P1, P2 are category Se compliant connectors such as series 5164 8-pin registered jacks (RJ)-45 jacks manufactured by Stewart lnc.
for use in high speed (1 Gbps) Ethernet data communication or telecommunication applications.
It should be understood that the invention can be applied to other connector configurations and other transmission line speeds. Fuses F1 through F8 can be implemented as 8 in-line, 3 amperes, 250 VAC surface mount device (SMD) current limiting general purpose fuses (non-telecommunication) such as those manufactured by Littlefuse Inc.
Surge suppressor circuits U1, U2, U3 and U4 provide transient protection for each of the 4 signal pairs. In particular, surge suppressor U I provides transient protection for the first signal pair, UZ provides transient protection for the second signal pair, U3 provides transient protection for the third signal pair and U4 provides transient protection for the fourth signal pair. A description of only suppressor U1 is provided below since the functionality of suppressors U2, U3 and U4 is similar to suppressor U 1.
Referring to FIGS. 2 through 4, shown is a detailed view of surge suppressor U
I of the surge protector of FIG. 1. In one embodiment, U 1 (as well as U2, U3 and U4) is a microcircuit or IC for protecting components connected to high speed telecommunication lines (category Se) from surges. An example of such a circuit is the model LC03-6 low capacitance TVS device for high speed data interfaces manufactured by Semtech Corporation. The capacitance of the device, which is less than 25 Picofarads for the transmission of signals greater than 100 Megahertz, can be within a range of 10 to 60 Picofarads for signals of between 80 to 500 Megahertz. Such characteristics help the surge protector meet category Se requirements.
Surge suppressor U1 is shown configured for differential (line to line) protection.
Surge suppressor U1 includes a diode bridge comprising four diodes 20, 22, 24, 26 and a TVS diode 28 coupled across the bridge. The cathode of diode 24 and the anode of diode 20 are connected to conductor 32 via pins I, 8. Similarly; the cathode of diode 26 and the anode of diode 22 are connected to conductor 36 via pins 4. 5. The anode of diodes 24. 26 and TVS diode 28 are to a common ground terminal via pins 2. 3 and 6. 7. The cathode of diodes 20, 22 and TVS diode 28 are connected together internally.
Referring to FIGS. I-4, suppressor circuit U 1 is capable of providing overvoltage protection for the first signal pair comprising first and second signal lines.
During an I S overvoltage condition on the first signal line, an undesirable positive transient having a magnitude greater than the breakover point of TVS diode 28 and less than the current level of fuse F1 flows through terminal PI_1, conductor 30, fuse FI, conductor 32, diode 20 and TVS diode 28. TVS diode 28 conducts and passes the transient to the ground terminal thereby shunting the transient current away from a receiving electrical device at terminal P2_I. In a similar manner, a positive transient on the second signal line having a magnitude greater than the breakover point of TVS diode 28 and less than the current level of luse F2 conducts through terminal Pl 2, conductor 34, fuse F2, conductor 36, of diode 22 and TVS
diode 28. TVS diode 28 conducts and passes the transient to the ground terminal thereby shunting the excess transient away from an electrical device at terminal P2 2.
On the other hand, during normal operation (a non-overvoltage condition), a non-transient signal flows across terminals P1_1, P2_1 (or PI 2, P2 2) without being shunted to ground because the signal is not of a sufficient magnitude to cause TVS diode 28 to conduct.
FIG. 5 is a printed circuit board (PCB) layout 100 of the surge protector 10 of FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The components of the surge protector 10 can be configured to form 2 packages with each package consisting of 2 groups of ICs and corresponding fuses. For example, the first package can consist of a first group consisting of U1 and a parallel arrangement (i.e., side by side) of fuses FI
and F2 and a second group of consisting of U2 and a parallel arrangement of fuses F3 and F4. The second package can consist of a third group consisting of U3 and a parallel arrangement of fuses FS and F6 and a forth group consisting of U4 and a parallel arrangement of fuses h7 and F8. In addition, each group of each package can he contigured as a transmission channel, receive channel or a bidirectional channel. For example, the first group ( U 1 ) can be configured as a first transmission channel and the second group (U2) can be configured as a first receive channel. Likewise, the third group (U3) can be configured as a second transmission channel and the fourth group (U4) can be configured as a second receive channel. The above configuration helps reduce both NEXT and FEXT to achieve category Se requirements.
Other configurations having a similar functionality as the above configuration are possible. For example, the second group (U2) can be configured as a first transmission channel and the third group (U3) can be configured as a first rvceiv~ channel.
Likcwisc. the first group (U l ) can be configured as a second transmission channel and the fourth group (U4) can be configured as a second receive channel.
While there have been shown and described and pointed out the fundamental novel features of the invention as applied to the preferred embodiments. it will be understood that various omissions and substitutions and changes of the form and details of the structures and circuits illustrated and in their operation may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention.
FIG. 2 is a top view of a surge suppressor IC of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a pin layout of the surge suppressor IC of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the surge suppressor IC of FIG. 2; and FIG. 5 is a PCB layout of the surge protector of FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The present invention discloses a surge protector that provides tr~nsicnt protection and substantially meets category Se industry standards for signal loss and crosstalk. The surge protector includes at least one surge suppressor integrated circuit (IC) having first and second transient voltage suppression (TVS) diodes configured 2 per package for reducing emsstalk such as near end cross talk (NEXT) and far end cross talk (FEXT) for a category Se high speed telecommunication line. A first and second general purpose fuse (e.g., non-telecommunication grade) is coupled to the first and second TVS diodes for reducing signal loss such as insertion and return loss for a category Se high speed telecommunication line.
Moreover, the TVS diodes can help provide transient protection by diverting an input overvoltage condition to the TVS diodes and away from computer/electrical devices.
Referring to FIG. 1, shown is a a schematic diagram of a surge protector 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The surge protector 10 includes surge suppressor ICs U1, U2, U3 and U4 which can be grouped or configured into packages where each package contains a pair of ICs and corresponding fuses. For example. U 1 and LJ? can be configured to form one package and U3 and U4 can be configured to form another package. This arrangement can help reduce crosstalk such as FEXT and NEXT. In particular, the arrangement of the surge protector 10 substantially meets the energy handling capability of the UL497B standard for transient protection and the category Se channel cabling requirements for high speed transmission lines.
In one application, surge protector 10 can be disposed between a transmitting computer/electrical device (not shown) via a first connector Pl and a receiving device (not shown) via a second connector P2. The terminals P1_1 through PI 8 of connector Pl and the terminals P2_1 through P2_8 of connector P2 can be arranged into 4 signal line pairs where each signal line pair is associated with a surge sttppressor IC and a pair of fuses. The first signal line pair includes a first signal line defined by terminals P1-1, P2_l, conductors S 30, 32 and fuse F1 and a second signal line defined by terminals P I ~2, P2 2, conductors 34.
36 and fuse F2. The second signal line pair includes a third signal line defined by terminals P1 3, P2 3, conductors 50, 52 and fuse F3 and a fourth signal line defined by terminals P1 6, P2 6, conductors 54, 56 and fuse F4. The third signal line pair includes a fifth signal line defined by terminals P1 4, P2 4, conductors 58, 60 and fuse FS and a sixth signal line defined by terminals PI 5, P2_5, conductors 62, 64 and fuse F6. The fourth signal line pair includes a seventh signal line defined by terminals P1 7, P2 7, conductors 66, 68 and fuse F7 and an eighth signal line defined by terminals PI 8, P2 8, conductors 70, 72 and fuse F8.
In one embodiment, connectors P1, P2 are category Se compliant connectors such as series 5164 8-pin registered jacks (RJ)-45 jacks manufactured by Stewart lnc.
for use in high speed (1 Gbps) Ethernet data communication or telecommunication applications.
It should be understood that the invention can be applied to other connector configurations and other transmission line speeds. Fuses F1 through F8 can be implemented as 8 in-line, 3 amperes, 250 VAC surface mount device (SMD) current limiting general purpose fuses (non-telecommunication) such as those manufactured by Littlefuse Inc.
Surge suppressor circuits U1, U2, U3 and U4 provide transient protection for each of the 4 signal pairs. In particular, surge suppressor U I provides transient protection for the first signal pair, UZ provides transient protection for the second signal pair, U3 provides transient protection for the third signal pair and U4 provides transient protection for the fourth signal pair. A description of only suppressor U1 is provided below since the functionality of suppressors U2, U3 and U4 is similar to suppressor U 1.
Referring to FIGS. 2 through 4, shown is a detailed view of surge suppressor U
I of the surge protector of FIG. 1. In one embodiment, U 1 (as well as U2, U3 and U4) is a microcircuit or IC for protecting components connected to high speed telecommunication lines (category Se) from surges. An example of such a circuit is the model LC03-6 low capacitance TVS device for high speed data interfaces manufactured by Semtech Corporation. The capacitance of the device, which is less than 25 Picofarads for the transmission of signals greater than 100 Megahertz, can be within a range of 10 to 60 Picofarads for signals of between 80 to 500 Megahertz. Such characteristics help the surge protector meet category Se requirements.
Surge suppressor U1 is shown configured for differential (line to line) protection.
Surge suppressor U1 includes a diode bridge comprising four diodes 20, 22, 24, 26 and a TVS diode 28 coupled across the bridge. The cathode of diode 24 and the anode of diode 20 are connected to conductor 32 via pins I, 8. Similarly; the cathode of diode 26 and the anode of diode 22 are connected to conductor 36 via pins 4. 5. The anode of diodes 24. 26 and TVS diode 28 are to a common ground terminal via pins 2. 3 and 6. 7. The cathode of diodes 20, 22 and TVS diode 28 are connected together internally.
Referring to FIGS. I-4, suppressor circuit U 1 is capable of providing overvoltage protection for the first signal pair comprising first and second signal lines.
During an I S overvoltage condition on the first signal line, an undesirable positive transient having a magnitude greater than the breakover point of TVS diode 28 and less than the current level of fuse F1 flows through terminal PI_1, conductor 30, fuse FI, conductor 32, diode 20 and TVS diode 28. TVS diode 28 conducts and passes the transient to the ground terminal thereby shunting the transient current away from a receiving electrical device at terminal P2_I. In a similar manner, a positive transient on the second signal line having a magnitude greater than the breakover point of TVS diode 28 and less than the current level of luse F2 conducts through terminal Pl 2, conductor 34, fuse F2, conductor 36, of diode 22 and TVS
diode 28. TVS diode 28 conducts and passes the transient to the ground terminal thereby shunting the excess transient away from an electrical device at terminal P2 2.
On the other hand, during normal operation (a non-overvoltage condition), a non-transient signal flows across terminals P1_1, P2_1 (or PI 2, P2 2) without being shunted to ground because the signal is not of a sufficient magnitude to cause TVS diode 28 to conduct.
FIG. 5 is a printed circuit board (PCB) layout 100 of the surge protector 10 of FIG. 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The components of the surge protector 10 can be configured to form 2 packages with each package consisting of 2 groups of ICs and corresponding fuses. For example, the first package can consist of a first group consisting of U1 and a parallel arrangement (i.e., side by side) of fuses FI
and F2 and a second group of consisting of U2 and a parallel arrangement of fuses F3 and F4. The second package can consist of a third group consisting of U3 and a parallel arrangement of fuses FS and F6 and a forth group consisting of U4 and a parallel arrangement of fuses h7 and F8. In addition, each group of each package can he contigured as a transmission channel, receive channel or a bidirectional channel. For example, the first group ( U 1 ) can be configured as a first transmission channel and the second group (U2) can be configured as a first receive channel. Likewise, the third group (U3) can be configured as a second transmission channel and the fourth group (U4) can be configured as a second receive channel. The above configuration helps reduce both NEXT and FEXT to achieve category Se requirements.
Other configurations having a similar functionality as the above configuration are possible. For example, the second group (U2) can be configured as a first transmission channel and the third group (U3) can be configured as a first rvceiv~ channel.
Likcwisc. the first group (U l ) can be configured as a second transmission channel and the fourth group (U4) can be configured as a second receive channel.
While there have been shown and described and pointed out the fundamental novel features of the invention as applied to the preferred embodiments. it will be understood that various omissions and substitutions and changes of the form and details of the structures and circuits illustrated and in their operation may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (12)
1. A surge protector comprising:
at least one surge suppressor integrated circuit (IC) having first and second transient voltage suppression (TVS) diodes configured 2 per package, first and second general purpose fuses coupled to said first and second TVS diodes, wherein the first and second fuses of a package are positioned adjacent to each other.
at least one surge suppressor integrated circuit (IC) having first and second transient voltage suppression (TVS) diodes configured 2 per package, first and second general purpose fuses coupled to said first and second TVS diodes, wherein the first and second fuses of a package are positioned adjacent to each other.
2. The surge protector of claim 1, wherein the first fuse and/or the second fuse have a current limit of substantially 3 amperes.
3. The surge protector of claim 1. wherein the at least one surge suppresser IC
has a capacitance of substantially 25 Picofarads.
has a capacitance of substantially 25 Picofarads.
4. The surge protector of claim 1, wherein the surge protector substantially meets category 5e cabling requirements.
5. A surge protector comprising:
at least one surge suppresser integrated circuit (IC) having first and second transient voltage suppression (TVS) diodes configured 2 per package for reducing near and far end cross talk in a high speed telecommunication line, and first and second general purpose fuses coupled to said first and second TVS diodes for reducing insertion and return loss in the high speed telecommunication line wherein said first and second fuses are not telecommunication fuses.
at least one surge suppresser integrated circuit (IC) having first and second transient voltage suppression (TVS) diodes configured 2 per package for reducing near and far end cross talk in a high speed telecommunication line, and first and second general purpose fuses coupled to said first and second TVS diodes for reducing insertion and return loss in the high speed telecommunication line wherein said first and second fuses are not telecommunication fuses.
6. The surge protector of claim 5, wherein the first fuse and/or the second fuse have a current limit of substantially 3 amperes.
7. The surge protector of claim 5, wherein the at least one surge suppresser IC
has a capacitance of substantially 25 Picofarads.
has a capacitance of substantially 25 Picofarads.
8. The surge protector of claim 5, wherein the surge protector substantially meets category 5e cabling requirements.
9. A surge protector comprising:
at least four surge suppressor integrated circuits (ICs) having first and second transient voltage suppression (TVS) diodes configured 2 per package for reducing near and far end cross talk in a high speed telecommunication line, and first and second general purpose fuses coupled to each of said ICs for reducing insertion and return loss in the high speed telecommunication line wherein said first and second fuses are not telecommunication dedicated fuses and at least two of said fuses are positioned side by side on a printed circuit board.
at least four surge suppressor integrated circuits (ICs) having first and second transient voltage suppression (TVS) diodes configured 2 per package for reducing near and far end cross talk in a high speed telecommunication line, and first and second general purpose fuses coupled to each of said ICs for reducing insertion and return loss in the high speed telecommunication line wherein said first and second fuses are not telecommunication dedicated fuses and at least two of said fuses are positioned side by side on a printed circuit board.
10. The surge protector of claim 9, wherein the first fuse and/or the second fuse have a current limit of substantially 3 amperes.
11. The surge protector of claim 9, wherein each of the at least four surge suppressor ICs has a capacitance of substantially 25 Picofarads.
12. The surge protector of claim 9, wherein the surge protector substantially meets category 5e cabling requirements.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US54787404P | 2004-02-26 | 2004-02-26 | |
| US60/547,874 | 2004-02-26 | ||
| US11/059,443 US20060181833A1 (en) | 2005-02-17 | 2005-02-17 | Surge protection circuit |
| US11/059,443 | 2005-02-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2498587A1 true CA2498587A1 (en) | 2005-08-26 |
Family
ID=34889885
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2498587 Abandoned CA2498587A1 (en) | 2004-02-26 | 2005-02-28 | Surge protection circuit |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2498587A1 (en) |
-
2005
- 2005-02-28 CA CA 2498587 patent/CA2498587A1/en not_active Abandoned
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Dead |