CA2480970A1 - Method and system for optically measuring swelling of the nose - Google Patents
Method and system for optically measuring swelling of the nose Download PDFInfo
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- CA2480970A1 CA2480970A1 CA002480970A CA2480970A CA2480970A1 CA 2480970 A1 CA2480970 A1 CA 2480970A1 CA 002480970 A CA002480970 A CA 002480970A CA 2480970 A CA2480970 A CA 2480970A CA 2480970 A1 CA2480970 A1 CA 2480970A1
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- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 206010028748 Nasal obstruction Diseases 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000001519 tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 27
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000013566 allergen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000004400 mucous membrane Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 102000001554 Hemoglobins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010054147 Hemoglobins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 206010030113 Oedema Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 208000030961 allergic reaction Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000000988 bone and bone Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012067 mathematical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000003251 Pruritus Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010039085 Rhinitis allergic Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002009 allergenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010105 allergic rhinitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000845 cartilage Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004941 influx Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004089 microcirculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021251 pulses Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/41—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the immune or lymphatic systems
- A61B5/411—Detecting or monitoring allergy or intolerance reactions to an allergenic agent or substance
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue
- A61B5/1455—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters
- A61B5/14551—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters for measuring blood gases
- A61B5/14552—Details of sensors specially adapted therefor
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of the construction of device and relates more particularly to a method and a system which can for example be used to measure a nasal obstruction. The aim of the invention is to provide a method and a system which allows to measure the swelling of the nose. This aim is attained by a system that comprises a basic device (12) with light-producing components (13) and light-detecting components (14) and emitter and receiver elements (2, 3) that are disposed outside said basic device (12) on an application element (1). The aim is furthermore attained by a method according to which light is emitted from an optical emitter element (2). An optical receiver element (3) captures the light emerging in the area of emergence of the light from the side of the nose and records the incoming values and calculates therefrom diagnostically utilizable parameters.
Description
f25914.S01 Method and Arrangement for Optically Measuring Swelling of the Nose Field of Use of the Invention The invention relates to the fields of medicine and device construction and relates to a method and an arrangement for optically measuring swelling of the nose, which can be used, e.g., to measure nasal obstruction after allergen provocation.
Prior Art From a medical point of view there is a need for an objectification of the measurement o;f swelling and of the course of swelling, e.g., in allergic reactions that are triggered, e.g., by the nasal provocation test.
Nowadays the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis is made by calculating a symptom score (itchy nose, secretion, remote symptoms, such as watery eyes) and by measuring the nasal obstruction after allerge$ provocation with the aid of rhinomanomeixy (Clement et al.:
l2hinornanometry = a review, ORL J. Otorhinola~yngol. Relat. Spec. 46, 173-91, 1984).
The disadvantage of rhinomanometry hereby is that the measurement cannot be carried out during the allergen. application. With severe nasal obstruction, patients experience the xhiz~omvaaometry as very unpleasant. Faulty' measurements occux frequently with uncooperative patients.
Another possibility for determining the swelling of the nose and in particular of the nasal mucous membrane is acoustic rhinometry (Fisher: Acoustic rhinometty, Clan.
OtolaryngQl. 22, 307-17, 1997). These measurements have a xelatiwely large spread in their results. Su~cient precision is achieved only for the front sections of the nose. No medication ox allergen provocation can take place during the measurement. A
continuous measurement is not possible with this method, either.
Fuxthezrr~ore, it is not possible with either method to say whether a nasal swelling is due to a change in the microcirculation or the formation of an edema, P25914,501 T)escription of the Invention The object of the invention is to disclose a method and an arrangement for optically measuring swelling of the nose with which a largely objective measurement of the swelling of the nose is ~'endered possible, in particular while provocation tests are being conducted.
The object is attained with the invention described in the claims.
Advantageous embodiments are the subject matter of dependent claims.
The arrangement according to the invention for optically measuring swelling of the nose comprises a basic device with light-producing components and light-detecting components and associated emitter and receiver electronic systems and controllers.
Furthermore, at least one optical connection is implemented between the basic device and an optical emitter element, whereby the transmission of the light produced by the Iight-producing components is realized by optical elements in the optical connection to the emiti;er element: Furthermore, at least one optical' ~cormecti4rl fs' pre~en't' b~tVVe~'ah '" ' ~ ~ " -' - ' optical receiver element and the light-detecting components. Emitter and receiver elements that are arranged on an application element are located outside the basic device.
The application element thereby realizes an arrangement of the emitter and receiver elements that makes it possible for the light emitted by the emitter element to pass through the swellable tissue of at Ieast one side of the nose to the receiver element.
Furthermore the application element can be placed in a. forIri~loc'king manner at least on . '-' the upper part of the nose.
'With the arrangement according to the invention the swehing of the nasal tissue is optically recorded. The nasal tissue is thereby irradiated from outside by a light source that is emitted from an emitter element, and the scattered light passing through the tissue is recorded by a detector, a receiver element, on either the same side of the nose or on the opposite side of the apse, Wlien passing through the nasal tissue, the light passes tbz~ough a number of tissue layers, such as skin, musculature, mucous membrane, bone, cartilage, and the airways. A part of the tissue penetrated is characterized by swellability, in P25914.501 particular the nasal mucous membrane located above the bone of the nasal cvncha. In the course of the swelling an increase of the blood volume occurs in this part of the tissue due to the influx of blood into the cavernous bodies. The inflowing blood is thereby primarily of an arterial nature and thus normally 95% saturated with oxygen.
Furthermore, in the event of the formation of an edema possibly associated with the swelling, an increase in the tissue fluid volume occurs. rt is therefore advantageous to conduct the irradiation spectrometrically in order to be able to quantitatively record separately the volume proportions of the oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin and of the tissue fluid. This can take place either by using a white-light source and a spectrometer detector (e.g., diode line spectrometer) or ~by using several light sources with discrete radiation spectra (LEDs, laser diodes).
Since the cited substances involved in the swelling have difFerent optical absorption spectra, a separate absolute or relative determination of the volume proportions is possible with corresponding mathematical methods. Such an arrangement has hitherto not bean described. ' ' One advantage of the arrangement according to the invention is 'that it is characterized by a non-invasive application from outside and by simple handling.
Best Way vf'Oarr~~ (3ut tlze'Izrv~erltion .. .
. . The in~ez~tiowwi~h be described in mare deteal~ bei~ow otr the basis of exemplary embodiments. The design of the azxangemeat has been adjusted to the purpose of the examination. The drawings show:
Fig. 1 An application element in front view (a) and in a view from above (b) Fig. 2 Two embodiment variants of an application element with active emitter and receiver elements (a) and passive emitter and receiver elements (b) Fig, 3 An application element and its mounting an the head and nose Fig. 4 A basic device of an arrangement according to the invention P25914.501 Fig. 5 A, diagrammatic representation of a cross section of the nose, showing the position of the optical elements and the irradiation channel before and after a swelling Fig. 6 A diagrammatic representation of the measured extinction values in the course of a swelling.
The arrangement according to the invention comprises at least one basic device 1Z with the emitter 15 and receiver 16 electronic systems necessary to carry out the measuring task and an application element 1 ~ that is in direct contact with the nasal tissue during the measurement.
An application element 1 is shown in Fig. 1 a and b. It comprises a clamp-shaped base body, both sides of which can be placed on the sides of the nose in a fozzn-locking manner. The light-emitting element, optical emitter element 2, is arranged on one side of the application element 1, the light-receiving element, optical receiver element 3, is _ arranged owthe oppt~site side. They are embodieu-eitlzer as~discrete radiation sources anti-"
detectors, the optical axes of which are aligned in the direction of the tissue (Fig. 2a) and which are connected to the basic device 12 via current-carrying cables 4, or otherwise as optical connections 6, 7 that realixe the light transfer from and to the basic device 12 and that are either guided with their radiating suxfaces perpendicular to the nasal tissue or that ~a~re aligrredlto the tissue by the a~rrangement~ of correslrondiag optical de~lae~orr~lementw - y (mirrors, microprisnls) (Fig. 2b). . . . . , , . , , ..
Mounting of the application element 1 takes place according to Fig. 3 with the aid of a headband 8 placed on the head. This ensures a stable position of the application element 1 on the bridge of the nose during the measurement. The application element is connected to the headband 8 via a clamp 10. The comc~ectioz~ is embodied such that an exact positioning of the application element on the bridge of the nose is possible, e.g., through a lockable ball joint 9 or a flexible metal hose. Further relevant variants of the arrangement according to the invention can be embodied as follows:
~ The application element is adhesively attached to the nose;
P25914.501 ~ The application element is pressed directly onto the nose with the aid of an elastic belt or a belt that is adjustable in circumfexe~,ce to the size of tl~e head;
~ The application element is embodied as a spectacles-like frame that sits on the root of the nose and in which the optical emitter and receiver elements are pressed onto the nasal tissue by gravity;
~ An arrangement in which the emitter and receiver elements are arranged on two separate basic elements (pads) that are adhesively attached oz~ each side of the nose separately frox~a one another.
For a precise and reproducible measurement, in addition to the spatially stable and motion-free fixing of the application element to the nose, it is also important to suppress and/or calibrate out extraneous light influences. It is therefore advantageous to use optical filters or to cover the measuring site during the measurement by a light-im~pervious cap, which, e.g., as a plastic cap, can fixed to the headband as well and can be closed oven the field of measurement during the examination as required.
Fig. 4 shows a basic device 12 with light-producing components 13 inside the device and light-detecting components 14 to which an application element 1 described above can be connected via the optical connections 6, 7. The basic device 12 comprises an emitter electronic system 15 fox the optical light-producing components 13, a receiver electronic system 16 artd'a: bon'f~~l~~r--t'I '~b'whficlt b~'~ei~'~'vices°can~bz'eoirin~~ted viTa'a-d'ata~~:
interface. ~t its output the emitter elecCto~iC system 1 ~' has several light-producing components 13, the light of which is concentrated tbzough an optical element 18. The concentrated light is introduced into an optical connection 6.
A, light-detection component 14 is connected to the entry of the receiver electronic system 16 into which component light enters from the optical connection 7.
A, spectrometric measurement is advantageous for the optical measurement of swelling and the differentiation of the causes of swelling. Light sources with limited spectrum (LEDs, semiconductor lasers) and a photodetector that is adequately sensitive for the P25914.501 selected spectral range (semiconductor photodetector, photomultiplier) can be used for this. Alternatively, a white-light source and a detector measuring in a spectxometrically resolving manner can be used. The object of the measurement is to defect light attenuation 'values (optical density of the tissue) at individual wavelengths of interest over time. This results from the equation:
E(~~t) = logio rs (~~t) ro (~~t) where Is(a,,t) denotes the light intensity radiated at the emitter element and ID('~.,t) denotes the light irnensity arriving at the receiver element at the wavelength 7~ and at the point of time t. In general the extinction E(~,t) is a function of the light scattering and the light absorption in the tissue and thus provides a measured value for the geometric and optical change of the tissue. By subtraction E(~,i,t)-E(7vz,t) at two wavelengths, a relative measurement of the change can be determined, which reflects the ratio of the volume change values of individual tissue constituents and is largely free of geometric effects.
Thus when using, e.g., a hemoglobin-sensitive wavelength of ~,~=800nm and an Hz0- -sensitive wavelength of ~,2~~70am,'the ratio between the blood'and tissue fluid iac~eas~' ' can be shown. Furthermore, by using special optical measurement techniques it is possible to separately determine the scatter and absorption properties of the tissue, To this end photon time delay measurements are necessary with the aid of a high-frequency modulation technology (intensity modulation of the light sources) and amplitude and phase meastsremer~t csf 'the receives signal) -ci~W pul~e~ laser teciqog~"
(appl.i"cation~' of ~ '' short laser pulses ~ arid time-resolved measurement of the receiver signal), These measuring methods and associated mathematical methods for determining optical parameters from such measurement data are state of the art (e.g., Sevick et al., Quantitation of time- and frequency resadved optical spectra for the determination of tissue oxygenataon, Anal. Biochem, 195, 330-51, 1991; Patterson et al., Tame resolved reflectance and transmittance for the non-i~tvasive measurement of tissue optical properties, ~ppl. Opt., 28, 2331-36, 1989).
The course of a measurement will be explained here using the example of a provoked allergic reaction (provocation test).
P25914.541 After the person to be examined has been prepared, the application element is fixed on the bridge of the nose near the root of the nose such that the optical emitter and receivex elennents axe opposite one another on the tissue and the optical radiation penetrates as , much swellable tissue inside the nose as possible (Fig. 5). Subsequently an optimal photometric signal is adjusted with the aid of a manual, automatic or semit~automatic adjustrnent of source intensity/intensities and/or detector sensitivity in a range suitable for the measurement by means of optomechanical, electronic and/or software methods. The data acquisition is then manually started by the operator. Controlled by the controller 17 inside the basic device, a repeated sequential switching of the radiation sources takes place by the emitter electronic system 15 and simultaneously the measured detector values are acquired by the receiver electronic system 16, Through the separate measurement of the ambient light (dark signal) with light sources switched ofF
or alternatively through a measurement o~ the AC portion of a light signal of the light sources that is sufficiently highly modulated, it is ensured that only fihe light produced by the light sources is measured and not the ambient' light possibly entering the measurement .
de-ice. , . . . ~ . . . . . .. . . _ , .. ... . .
Fig. 6 shows diagrammatically measured extinction values in the course of a swelling.
The spectral light attenuation values ua fhe unprovoked condition represent the baseline of the measuzement, When this is detected in a timeframe of 1 to 2 minutes, an allergenic subst~anoe as ad~ist~red by~spray#ng ~ e~n~e ~ox .both x~os#ril~(s~ and the m~asuaremer~..
tune is recorded, e,g., by operating a pedal switch at the. moment of adminis~ra'tit~~p t~.
With an allergic reaction, a swelling of the nasal tissue then occurs, which causes a detectable increase in the spectral extinction. Fig. 6 shows spectral extinction values which were standardized at the starting point tP for easier comprehension. At the point of time tE the swelling reaches a stationary condition at which no further swelling is detectable. Only after a time t»tE-tp does the swelling subside again.
Diagnostically utilizable information can be derived from the.time response of the spectral extinction values, These include in particular:
~ The increase ~E(~,~E(a,,t~-E(?~,tP) of the extinction for a wavelength as a gauge of the intensity of the swelling;
P25914.501 ~ The extinction value difference ~E('A,1)~~.E(7~z) at different wa~'elengths as a gauge of the increase of the volume pzoportions of different tissue constituents relative to one another;
~ The time difference ~trts-tP of the reaction from the moment of provocation until the stationary final condition as a gauge of the speed of the swelling and the form of the curves E(7~,,t) as indicator for the physiological course of the swelling.
P2S914.S01 List of Reference Numbers 1 Application element 2 Optical emitter element 3 Optical xeceiver element 4 Current-carrying cable S Optical deflection element 6 Optical coxnnection to the emitter element 7 Optical connection to the receiver element 8 '~Teadband 9 Ball yoint Attaching clamp 11 Irradiation channel 12 Basic device .
13 Light-producing components .
i i,ight-detecting component ~ ' ~ ' Emitter electronic system 16 Receiver electronic system 17 Conbcoller 18 Optical element
Prior Art From a medical point of view there is a need for an objectification of the measurement o;f swelling and of the course of swelling, e.g., in allergic reactions that are triggered, e.g., by the nasal provocation test.
Nowadays the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis is made by calculating a symptom score (itchy nose, secretion, remote symptoms, such as watery eyes) and by measuring the nasal obstruction after allerge$ provocation with the aid of rhinomanomeixy (Clement et al.:
l2hinornanometry = a review, ORL J. Otorhinola~yngol. Relat. Spec. 46, 173-91, 1984).
The disadvantage of rhinomanometry hereby is that the measurement cannot be carried out during the allergen. application. With severe nasal obstruction, patients experience the xhiz~omvaaometry as very unpleasant. Faulty' measurements occux frequently with uncooperative patients.
Another possibility for determining the swelling of the nose and in particular of the nasal mucous membrane is acoustic rhinometry (Fisher: Acoustic rhinometty, Clan.
OtolaryngQl. 22, 307-17, 1997). These measurements have a xelatiwely large spread in their results. Su~cient precision is achieved only for the front sections of the nose. No medication ox allergen provocation can take place during the measurement. A
continuous measurement is not possible with this method, either.
Fuxthezrr~ore, it is not possible with either method to say whether a nasal swelling is due to a change in the microcirculation or the formation of an edema, P25914,501 T)escription of the Invention The object of the invention is to disclose a method and an arrangement for optically measuring swelling of the nose with which a largely objective measurement of the swelling of the nose is ~'endered possible, in particular while provocation tests are being conducted.
The object is attained with the invention described in the claims.
Advantageous embodiments are the subject matter of dependent claims.
The arrangement according to the invention for optically measuring swelling of the nose comprises a basic device with light-producing components and light-detecting components and associated emitter and receiver electronic systems and controllers.
Furthermore, at least one optical connection is implemented between the basic device and an optical emitter element, whereby the transmission of the light produced by the Iight-producing components is realized by optical elements in the optical connection to the emiti;er element: Furthermore, at least one optical' ~cormecti4rl fs' pre~en't' b~tVVe~'ah '" ' ~ ~ " -' - ' optical receiver element and the light-detecting components. Emitter and receiver elements that are arranged on an application element are located outside the basic device.
The application element thereby realizes an arrangement of the emitter and receiver elements that makes it possible for the light emitted by the emitter element to pass through the swellable tissue of at Ieast one side of the nose to the receiver element.
Furthermore the application element can be placed in a. forIri~loc'king manner at least on . '-' the upper part of the nose.
'With the arrangement according to the invention the swehing of the nasal tissue is optically recorded. The nasal tissue is thereby irradiated from outside by a light source that is emitted from an emitter element, and the scattered light passing through the tissue is recorded by a detector, a receiver element, on either the same side of the nose or on the opposite side of the apse, Wlien passing through the nasal tissue, the light passes tbz~ough a number of tissue layers, such as skin, musculature, mucous membrane, bone, cartilage, and the airways. A part of the tissue penetrated is characterized by swellability, in P25914.501 particular the nasal mucous membrane located above the bone of the nasal cvncha. In the course of the swelling an increase of the blood volume occurs in this part of the tissue due to the influx of blood into the cavernous bodies. The inflowing blood is thereby primarily of an arterial nature and thus normally 95% saturated with oxygen.
Furthermore, in the event of the formation of an edema possibly associated with the swelling, an increase in the tissue fluid volume occurs. rt is therefore advantageous to conduct the irradiation spectrometrically in order to be able to quantitatively record separately the volume proportions of the oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin and of the tissue fluid. This can take place either by using a white-light source and a spectrometer detector (e.g., diode line spectrometer) or ~by using several light sources with discrete radiation spectra (LEDs, laser diodes).
Since the cited substances involved in the swelling have difFerent optical absorption spectra, a separate absolute or relative determination of the volume proportions is possible with corresponding mathematical methods. Such an arrangement has hitherto not bean described. ' ' One advantage of the arrangement according to the invention is 'that it is characterized by a non-invasive application from outside and by simple handling.
Best Way vf'Oarr~~ (3ut tlze'Izrv~erltion .. .
. . The in~ez~tiowwi~h be described in mare deteal~ bei~ow otr the basis of exemplary embodiments. The design of the azxangemeat has been adjusted to the purpose of the examination. The drawings show:
Fig. 1 An application element in front view (a) and in a view from above (b) Fig. 2 Two embodiment variants of an application element with active emitter and receiver elements (a) and passive emitter and receiver elements (b) Fig, 3 An application element and its mounting an the head and nose Fig. 4 A basic device of an arrangement according to the invention P25914.501 Fig. 5 A, diagrammatic representation of a cross section of the nose, showing the position of the optical elements and the irradiation channel before and after a swelling Fig. 6 A diagrammatic representation of the measured extinction values in the course of a swelling.
The arrangement according to the invention comprises at least one basic device 1Z with the emitter 15 and receiver 16 electronic systems necessary to carry out the measuring task and an application element 1 ~ that is in direct contact with the nasal tissue during the measurement.
An application element 1 is shown in Fig. 1 a and b. It comprises a clamp-shaped base body, both sides of which can be placed on the sides of the nose in a fozzn-locking manner. The light-emitting element, optical emitter element 2, is arranged on one side of the application element 1, the light-receiving element, optical receiver element 3, is _ arranged owthe oppt~site side. They are embodieu-eitlzer as~discrete radiation sources anti-"
detectors, the optical axes of which are aligned in the direction of the tissue (Fig. 2a) and which are connected to the basic device 12 via current-carrying cables 4, or otherwise as optical connections 6, 7 that realixe the light transfer from and to the basic device 12 and that are either guided with their radiating suxfaces perpendicular to the nasal tissue or that ~a~re aligrredlto the tissue by the a~rrangement~ of correslrondiag optical de~lae~orr~lementw - y (mirrors, microprisnls) (Fig. 2b). . . . . , , . , , ..
Mounting of the application element 1 takes place according to Fig. 3 with the aid of a headband 8 placed on the head. This ensures a stable position of the application element 1 on the bridge of the nose during the measurement. The application element is connected to the headband 8 via a clamp 10. The comc~ectioz~ is embodied such that an exact positioning of the application element on the bridge of the nose is possible, e.g., through a lockable ball joint 9 or a flexible metal hose. Further relevant variants of the arrangement according to the invention can be embodied as follows:
~ The application element is adhesively attached to the nose;
P25914.501 ~ The application element is pressed directly onto the nose with the aid of an elastic belt or a belt that is adjustable in circumfexe~,ce to the size of tl~e head;
~ The application element is embodied as a spectacles-like frame that sits on the root of the nose and in which the optical emitter and receiver elements are pressed onto the nasal tissue by gravity;
~ An arrangement in which the emitter and receiver elements are arranged on two separate basic elements (pads) that are adhesively attached oz~ each side of the nose separately frox~a one another.
For a precise and reproducible measurement, in addition to the spatially stable and motion-free fixing of the application element to the nose, it is also important to suppress and/or calibrate out extraneous light influences. It is therefore advantageous to use optical filters or to cover the measuring site during the measurement by a light-im~pervious cap, which, e.g., as a plastic cap, can fixed to the headband as well and can be closed oven the field of measurement during the examination as required.
Fig. 4 shows a basic device 12 with light-producing components 13 inside the device and light-detecting components 14 to which an application element 1 described above can be connected via the optical connections 6, 7. The basic device 12 comprises an emitter electronic system 15 fox the optical light-producing components 13, a receiver electronic system 16 artd'a: bon'f~~l~~r--t'I '~b'whficlt b~'~ei~'~'vices°can~bz'eoirin~~ted viTa'a-d'ata~~:
interface. ~t its output the emitter elecCto~iC system 1 ~' has several light-producing components 13, the light of which is concentrated tbzough an optical element 18. The concentrated light is introduced into an optical connection 6.
A, light-detection component 14 is connected to the entry of the receiver electronic system 16 into which component light enters from the optical connection 7.
A, spectrometric measurement is advantageous for the optical measurement of swelling and the differentiation of the causes of swelling. Light sources with limited spectrum (LEDs, semiconductor lasers) and a photodetector that is adequately sensitive for the P25914.501 selected spectral range (semiconductor photodetector, photomultiplier) can be used for this. Alternatively, a white-light source and a detector measuring in a spectxometrically resolving manner can be used. The object of the measurement is to defect light attenuation 'values (optical density of the tissue) at individual wavelengths of interest over time. This results from the equation:
E(~~t) = logio rs (~~t) ro (~~t) where Is(a,,t) denotes the light intensity radiated at the emitter element and ID('~.,t) denotes the light irnensity arriving at the receiver element at the wavelength 7~ and at the point of time t. In general the extinction E(~,t) is a function of the light scattering and the light absorption in the tissue and thus provides a measured value for the geometric and optical change of the tissue. By subtraction E(~,i,t)-E(7vz,t) at two wavelengths, a relative measurement of the change can be determined, which reflects the ratio of the volume change values of individual tissue constituents and is largely free of geometric effects.
Thus when using, e.g., a hemoglobin-sensitive wavelength of ~,~=800nm and an Hz0- -sensitive wavelength of ~,2~~70am,'the ratio between the blood'and tissue fluid iac~eas~' ' can be shown. Furthermore, by using special optical measurement techniques it is possible to separately determine the scatter and absorption properties of the tissue, To this end photon time delay measurements are necessary with the aid of a high-frequency modulation technology (intensity modulation of the light sources) and amplitude and phase meastsremer~t csf 'the receives signal) -ci~W pul~e~ laser teciqog~"
(appl.i"cation~' of ~ '' short laser pulses ~ arid time-resolved measurement of the receiver signal), These measuring methods and associated mathematical methods for determining optical parameters from such measurement data are state of the art (e.g., Sevick et al., Quantitation of time- and frequency resadved optical spectra for the determination of tissue oxygenataon, Anal. Biochem, 195, 330-51, 1991; Patterson et al., Tame resolved reflectance and transmittance for the non-i~tvasive measurement of tissue optical properties, ~ppl. Opt., 28, 2331-36, 1989).
The course of a measurement will be explained here using the example of a provoked allergic reaction (provocation test).
P25914.541 After the person to be examined has been prepared, the application element is fixed on the bridge of the nose near the root of the nose such that the optical emitter and receivex elennents axe opposite one another on the tissue and the optical radiation penetrates as , much swellable tissue inside the nose as possible (Fig. 5). Subsequently an optimal photometric signal is adjusted with the aid of a manual, automatic or semit~automatic adjustrnent of source intensity/intensities and/or detector sensitivity in a range suitable for the measurement by means of optomechanical, electronic and/or software methods. The data acquisition is then manually started by the operator. Controlled by the controller 17 inside the basic device, a repeated sequential switching of the radiation sources takes place by the emitter electronic system 15 and simultaneously the measured detector values are acquired by the receiver electronic system 16, Through the separate measurement of the ambient light (dark signal) with light sources switched ofF
or alternatively through a measurement o~ the AC portion of a light signal of the light sources that is sufficiently highly modulated, it is ensured that only fihe light produced by the light sources is measured and not the ambient' light possibly entering the measurement .
de-ice. , . . . ~ . . . . . .. . . _ , .. ... . .
Fig. 6 shows diagrammatically measured extinction values in the course of a swelling.
The spectral light attenuation values ua fhe unprovoked condition represent the baseline of the measuzement, When this is detected in a timeframe of 1 to 2 minutes, an allergenic subst~anoe as ad~ist~red by~spray#ng ~ e~n~e ~ox .both x~os#ril~(s~ and the m~asuaremer~..
tune is recorded, e,g., by operating a pedal switch at the. moment of adminis~ra'tit~~p t~.
With an allergic reaction, a swelling of the nasal tissue then occurs, which causes a detectable increase in the spectral extinction. Fig. 6 shows spectral extinction values which were standardized at the starting point tP for easier comprehension. At the point of time tE the swelling reaches a stationary condition at which no further swelling is detectable. Only after a time t»tE-tp does the swelling subside again.
Diagnostically utilizable information can be derived from the.time response of the spectral extinction values, These include in particular:
~ The increase ~E(~,~E(a,,t~-E(?~,tP) of the extinction for a wavelength as a gauge of the intensity of the swelling;
P25914.501 ~ The extinction value difference ~E('A,1)~~.E(7~z) at different wa~'elengths as a gauge of the increase of the volume pzoportions of different tissue constituents relative to one another;
~ The time difference ~trts-tP of the reaction from the moment of provocation until the stationary final condition as a gauge of the speed of the swelling and the form of the curves E(7~,,t) as indicator for the physiological course of the swelling.
P2S914.S01 List of Reference Numbers 1 Application element 2 Optical emitter element 3 Optical xeceiver element 4 Current-carrying cable S Optical deflection element 6 Optical coxnnection to the emitter element 7 Optical connection to the receiver element 8 '~Teadband 9 Ball yoint Attaching clamp 11 Irradiation channel 12 Basic device .
13 Light-producing components .
i i,ight-detecting component ~ ' ~ ' Emitter electronic system 16 Receiver electronic system 17 Conbcoller 18 Optical element
Claims (27)
1. Arrangement for optically measuring swelling of the nose, comprising .cndot. a basic device (12) with light-producing components (13) and light-detecting components (14) and associated emitter electronic system (15) and receiver electronic system (16) and controller (17), .cndot. at least one optical connection (6) between the basic device (12) and an optical emitter element (2), whereby the transmission of the light produced by the light-producing components (13) is realized by optical elements (18) in the optical connection (6) to the emitter element (2), .cndot. at least one optical connection (7) between an optical receiver element (3) and the light detection components (14), .cndot. emitter and receiver elements (2, 3) that can be arranged outside the basic device (12), which are arranged on an application element (1), whereby the application element realizes an arrangement of the emitter and receiver elements (2, 3) that makes it possible for the light emitted by the emitter element (2) to pass through the swellable tissue of at least one side of the nose to the receiver element (3), .cndot. an application element (1) which can be placed in a form-locking manner at least on the upper part of the nose.
2. ~Arrangement according to claim 1, in which one or more light sources with different emission wavelengths are used as light-producing components (13),
3. ~Arrangement according to claim 2, in which the light-producing components (13) are as LED and/or a laser and/or a halogen lamp.
4. ~Arrangement according to claim 1, in which the emitter electronic system (15) realizes a constant optical output of the light-producing components (13).
5. ~Arrangement according to claim 1, in which the emitter electronic system (15) realizes an intensity modulation of the light-producing components (13).
6. ~Arrangement according to claim 6, in which the emitter electronic system (15) realizes a high-frequency modulation of the light-producing components (13).
7. ~Arrangement according to claim 1, in which the emitter electronic system (15) realizes light impulses of <= ns duration.
8. Arrangement according to claim 1, in which one or more photodetectors and/or spectrometer detectors are used as light-detecting components (14).
9. Arrangement according to claim 8, in which the light-detecting components (14) are photo semiconductor detectors and/or photomultipliers.
10. Arrangement according to claim 1, in which the application element (1) comprises a clamp-shaped rigid to slightly flexible base body or two separate units.
11, Arrangement according to claim 1, in which the form-locking connection of the application element (1) to the nose is realized adhesively or via as expansible/length-adjustable strap (8) running around the back of the head or via a spectacles-like frame.
12. Arrangement according to claim 11, in which an adjustable mechanical connection (9, 10) for the stable fixing of the form-locking connection is realized between the strap (8) and the application element (1).
13. Arrangement according to claim 1, in which optical screening elements (8, 9, 10) are realized around the measuring field.
14. Arrangement according to claim 13, in which the screening-elements (8, 9, 10) are a light-impervious cap or optical filters.
15. Arrangement according to claim 1, in which at least two optical emitter and receiver elements (2, 3) are arranged on the application element (1) whereby one optical emitter and receiver element (2, 3) each is arranged on each side of the nose and of the application element (2).
16. Method for optically measuring swelling of the ease using the arrangement according, .
to at least one of claims 1 through 15, in which the light is guided from light-producing components (13) via optical elements (18) and via at least one optical connection (6) to at least one optical emitter element (2), the optical emitter element(s) (2) emit this light, whereby through the arrangement of the optical emitter element(s) (2) on the application element (1) the penetration of the light through at least one side of the nose is realized, and in the area of the emergence of the light through at least one side of the nose at least one optical receiver element (3) captures the light emerging and guides it via optical connections (7) to the light-detecting components (14), and the incoming values that represent the time course of the spectral extinction of the optical radiation produced by the light producing components (13) at selected emission wavelengths before and during a natural or provoked swelling of the swellable nasal tissue are recorded and diagnostically utilizable parameters are calculated therefrom.
to at least one of claims 1 through 15, in which the light is guided from light-producing components (13) via optical elements (18) and via at least one optical connection (6) to at least one optical emitter element (2), the optical emitter element(s) (2) emit this light, whereby through the arrangement of the optical emitter element(s) (2) on the application element (1) the penetration of the light through at least one side of the nose is realized, and in the area of the emergence of the light through at least one side of the nose at least one optical receiver element (3) captures the light emerging and guides it via optical connections (7) to the light-detecting components (14), and the incoming values that represent the time course of the spectral extinction of the optical radiation produced by the light producing components (13) at selected emission wavelengths before and during a natural or provoked swelling of the swellable nasal tissue are recorded and diagnostically utilizable parameters are calculated therefrom.
17. Method according to claim 16, in which different light-producing components (13) with different emission wavelengths are used to realize a measurement which are switched on brightly one after the other by the emitter electronic system (15).
18. Method according to claim 16, in which a dark value is measured with non-activated light-producing components (13) to correct the ambient influences before a measurement is made.
19. Method according to claim 16, in which, while a measurement is being made, to detect the penetrated light through at least one side of the nose an intensity measurement of the light-producing components (13) is simultaneously made to detect the optical output power.
20. Method according to claim I6, in which to differentiate different tissue components light is emitted from a single white-light source (13) and after-passing through at least one side of the nose the light is received by a spectrometer detector (14).
21. Method according to claim 16, in which the light-producing components (13) emit light that is intensity-modulated with different carrier frequencies and the light signals received are separately detected through a frequency demultiplexing method.
22. Method according to claim 21, in which the intensity modulation is realized sinusoidally.
23. Method according to claim 16, in which the light producing components (13) emit high-frequency modulated light and the phase shifting and amplitude damping are determined through demodulation for the light signals received.
24. Method according to claim 16, in which the light producing components (13) emit very short light pulses of <= 1ns and the temporal photon arrival distribution of the received light signals 1s determined via an optical receiver element (3) measuring in a time-resolved manner.
25. Method according to claim 16, in which measuring the swelling of the nose is conducted and detected separately for each nostril/side of the nose.
26. Method according to claim 16, that light of different wavelengths is guided from the light-producing components (13) to at least one optical emitter element (2) each on each side of the nose and is received by the optical receiver elements (3).
27. Method according to claim 25, in which light with different wavelengths is guided from at least one light-producing component (13) each to at least one emitter element (2) each on each side of the nose one after the other.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10215212A DE10215212B4 (en) | 2002-04-02 | 2002-04-02 | Arrangement for the optical measurement of swelling conditions of the nose |
| DE10215212.8 | 2002-04-02 | ||
| PCT/DE2003/001146 WO2003082089A1 (en) | 2002-04-02 | 2003-04-01 | Method and system for optically measuring swelling of the nose |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2480970A1 true CA2480970A1 (en) | 2003-10-09 |
Family
ID=28458613
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002480970A Abandoned CA2480970A1 (en) | 2002-04-02 | 2003-04-01 | Method and system for optically measuring swelling of the nose |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1492447A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2005521451A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1326488C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2003229517A1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2480970A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE10215212B4 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2003082089A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10257371A1 (en) * | 2002-12-06 | 2004-06-24 | Technische Universität Dresden | Arrangement to be used for examining swelling of nasal mucosa when exposed to particular substances |
| JP5147949B2 (en) * | 2008-10-30 | 2013-02-20 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Biological light measurement device |
| JP6086418B2 (en) | 2012-03-05 | 2017-03-01 | 日本光電工業株式会社 | Airway adapter and biological information acquisition system |
| KR101399446B1 (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2014-05-28 | 김승제 | Laser beam basking apparatus for rhinitis treatment |
| CN103549937B (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2015-03-11 | 中国医科大学附属第一医院 | Tissue-swelling measurement instrument and control method thereof |
| DE102018000995A1 (en) | 2018-02-08 | 2019-08-08 | Sutter Medizintechnik Gmbh | Arrangement for the quantitative measurement of the elastic deformation of the lateral nasal wall (elastometry) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2310315A (en) * | 1940-10-07 | 1943-02-09 | Dow Chemical Co | Sodium sulphate flotation |
| US4830014A (en) * | 1983-05-11 | 1989-05-16 | Nellcor Incorporated | Sensor having cutaneous conformance |
| ES2162672T3 (en) * | 1996-04-01 | 2002-01-01 | Linde Medical Sensors Ag | RECOGNITION OF PARASITE SIGNS IN THE PULSOXIMETRIC MEASUREMENT. |
| US5846188A (en) * | 1997-01-17 | 1998-12-08 | Palti; Yoram | Sensor utilizing living muscle cells |
| WO2000000080A1 (en) * | 1998-06-26 | 2000-01-06 | Triphase Medical Ltd. | A device for evaluating blood system properties |
| US6343224B1 (en) * | 1998-10-15 | 2002-01-29 | Sensidyne, Inc. | Reusable pulse oximeter probe and disposable bandage apparatus |
-
2002
- 2002-04-02 DE DE10215212A patent/DE10215212B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-04-01 EP EP03722269A patent/EP1492447A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-04-01 JP JP2003579638A patent/JP2005521451A/en active Pending
- 2003-04-01 CA CA002480970A patent/CA2480970A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-04-01 WO PCT/DE2003/001146 patent/WO2003082089A1/en active Application Filing
- 2003-04-01 CN CNB038078422A patent/CN1326488C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-04-01 AU AU2003229517A patent/AU2003229517A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1326488C (en) | 2007-07-18 |
| DE10215212B4 (en) | 2004-09-23 |
| CN1646054A (en) | 2005-07-27 |
| AU2003229517A1 (en) | 2003-10-13 |
| DE10215212A1 (en) | 2003-10-30 |
| JP2005521451A (en) | 2005-07-21 |
| EP1492447A1 (en) | 2005-01-05 |
| WO2003082089A1 (en) | 2003-10-09 |
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