CA2442697C - Hydraulic fluids having improved corrosion protection - Google Patents

Hydraulic fluids having improved corrosion protection Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2442697C
CA2442697C CA2442697A CA2442697A CA2442697C CA 2442697 C CA2442697 C CA 2442697C CA 2442697 A CA2442697 A CA 2442697A CA 2442697 A CA2442697 A CA 2442697A CA 2442697 C CA2442697 C CA 2442697C
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Prior art keywords
weight
triazole
fluids
tolutriazole
corrosion inhibitors
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CA2442697A
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French (fr)
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CA2442697A1 (en
Inventor
Bernd Wenderoth
Michael Roida
Bayram Aydin
Uwe Fidorra
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
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    • C10M105/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/78—Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing boron
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    • C10M133/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
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    • C10M2209/106—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing four carbon atoms only
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    • C10M2209/1075—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of two or more specified different alkylene oxides covered by groups C10M2209/104 - C10M2209/106 used as base material
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/10—Phosphatides, e.g. lecithin, cephalin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C10M2227/061—Esters derived from boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C10M2227/061—Esters derived from boron
    • C10M2227/0615—Esters derived from boron used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C10M2227/061—Esters derived from boron
    • C10M2227/062—Cyclic esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
    • C10M2227/061—Esters derived from boron
    • C10M2227/062—Cyclic esters
    • C10M2227/0625—Cyclic esters used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
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Abstract

Hydraulic fluids, in particular brake fluids for motor vehicles, having improved corrosion protection, comprising (a) from 0.005 to 0.125% by weight of 1H-1,2,4-triazole, and (b) from 0 to 10% by weight of one or more further corrosion inhibitors, where, on concomitant use of 1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole and/or 1H-1,2,3-tolutriazole and/or derivatives thereof, the weight ratio between 1H-1,2,4-triazole and the said 1H-1,2,3-triazoles must be greater than 4:1.

Description

Hydraulic fluids having improved corrosion protection The present invention relates to hydraulic fluids, in particular brake fluids for motor vehicles, having improved corrosion protection which comprise (a) from 0.005 to 0.125% by weight of 1H-1,2,4-triazole, and (b) from 0 to 10% by weight of one or more further corrosion inhibitors, where, on concomitant use of 1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole and/or 1H-1,2,3-tolutriazole and/or derivatives thereof, the weight ratio between 1H-1,2,4-triazole and said 1H-1,2,3-triazoles must be greater than 4:1.

Hydraulic fluids and in particular brake fluids for motor vehicles are subject to very high requirements with respect to their chemical and physical properties. In accordance with the existing standards and specifications for brake fluids from the US Department of Transportation in Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard FMVSS-No. 116 and the SAE J 1704 standard published by the Society of Automotive Engineers, modern brake fluids should on the one hand have high dry boiling points (equilibrium ref lux boiling points "ERBP") and high wet boiling points ("wet ERBP"), but on the other hand should also have a viscosity which changes only slightly within a broad temperature range.

In addition, there are more exacting requirements from the automobile industry for improved corrosion protection in the case of metals and nonferrous metals. Corrosion inhibitors in brake fluids have the job of preventing destruction of metallic materials caused by corrosion.

The use of 1H-1,2,3-triazoles, such as 1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole or 1H-1,2,3-tolutriazole, as corrosion inhibitors in hydraulic fluids or brake fluids has been known for some time, for example from EP-A 028 789 (1) and EP-A 454 110 (2).

WO 00/46325 (3) recommends hydraulic fluids which comprise a combination of 1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole or derivatives thereof, such as 1H-1,2,3-tolutriazole, and 1H-1,2,4-triazole or derivatives thereof in a weight ratio of from 1:4 to 4:1 as corrosion inhibitor system. WO 00/46325 defines the benzotriazole and its derivatives useful in the 1325 invention as represented by the formula R' C
C
\ /N
R~ II "N
i i C\C/C\ N

wherein R and R' are the same or different and can be hydrogen, an alkyl group containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an amino group such as-NH,-NHR or-NRR', an acyl group such as -COR, or an aryl group such as benzene or toluene.

For comparative purposes, Tables 1 to 4 in (3) also indicate hydraulic fluids which comprise 1H-1,2,4-driazole alone in concentrations of 0.15% by weight; however, its corrosion-inhibiting action is acceptable only in the case of la copper.

The hydraulic fluids and brake fluids for motor vehicles which are known in the prior art are, however, still unsatisfactory with respect to their properties and in particular their corrosion protection. It was therefore an object of the present invention to provide hydraulic fluids which, in particular, satisfy the abovementioned requirements for improved corrosion protection in the case of metals and nonferrous metals.

We have found that this object is achieved by the hydraulic or power-transmission fluids defined at the outset.

The hydraulic fluids, in particular motor vehicle brake fluids, according to the invention preferably comprise from 0.005 to 0.10% by weight, preferably from 0.005 to 0.08% by weight, in particular from 0.005 to 0.06% by weight, of component (a).

In a preferred embodiment, the hydraulic fluids, in particular motor vehicle brake fluids, according to the invention comprise component (a) as the only triazole-based corrosion inhibitor.
This is intended to mean that triazoles, such as 1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole, 1H-1,2,3-tolutriazole or hydrogenated 1H-1,2,3-tolutriazole, are excluded here, but inorganic and/or organic corrosion inhibitors having a different structure may be present.
In another preferred embodiment, the hydraulic fluids, in particular motor vehicle brake fluids, according to the invention also comprise up to 10% by weight, in particular up to 5% by weight, of one or more further corrosion inhibitors (b), where, in the case of the concomitant use of 1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole and/or 1H-1,2,3-tolutriazole and/or derivatives thereof, the weight ratio between 1H-1,2,4-triazole and said 1H-1,2,3-triazoles must be greater than 4:1.

Suitable further corrosion inhibitors (b) here are, in particular, alkali metal salts of phosphoric acid and phosphorous acid, fatty acids, such as caprylic, lauric, palmitic, stearic or oleic acid and alkali metal salts thereof, esters of phosphoric acid and phosphorous acid, such as ethyl phosphate, dimethyl phosphate, isopropyl phosphate, diisopropyl phosphate, butyl phosphite or dimethyl phosphite, substituted or unsubstituted ethoxylated mono- and dialkylamines and salts thereof with mineral acids and fatty acids, for example butylamine, hexylamine, octylamine, isononylamine, oleylamine, dipropylamine, diisopropylamine or dibutylamine, substituted or unsubstituted ethoxylated alkanolamines, for example mono-, di- or triethanolamine, N,N'-di-n-butylaminoethanol or 1,1'-iminodipropan-2-ol, cyclohexylamine, benzimidazole and hydrogenated tolutriazole, and nitroaromatic compounds, for example 3-nit robenzaldehyde.

Said corrosion inhibitors (b) are preferably present in the hydraulic fluids, in particular motor vehicle brake fluids, according to the invention in amounts of from 0.001 to 10% by weight, in particular from 0.001 to 5% by weight.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, the hydraulic fluids, in particular motor vehicle brake fluids, according to the invention comprise, besides 1H-1,2,4-triazole (a), from 0.001 to 5% by weight, in particular from 0.001 to 0.5% by weight, of one or more compounds from the group consisting of benzimidazole, hydrogenated 1H-1,2,3-tolutriazole, purine, adenine, 6-chloropurine, 2,6-dichloropurine, 6-methoxypurine, 1H-1,2,3-triazolo(4,5-b)pyridine, 6-histaminopurine and 6-furfurylaminopurine and, if desired, further corrosion inhibitors other than (a) as additional corrosion inhibitors (b). Said purine derivatives are described in German Patent Publication DE A 100 26 010 as non-ferrous metal corrosion inhibitors for hydraulic fluids or brake fluids.

All the percent by weight data given above and below in each case relate to the total amount of the hydraulic fluid or brake fluid, unless stated otherwise. The sum of all components listed above and below for the hydraulic fluids or brake fluids according to the invention in each case adds up to 100% by weight.

The present invention relates, in particular, to brake fluids for motor vehicles which comprise, as corrosion inhibitors, said components (a) and, if desired, (b).

In a preferred embodiment, the motor vehicle brake fluids according to the invention furthermore comprise, in addition to components (a) and, if desired, (b), from 0.1 to 97% by weight, in particular from 30 to 97% by weight, especially from 50 to 97%
by weight, of one or more polyglycol ethers and/or borates thereof.

Suitable polyglycol ethers here are, in particular, ethylene glycol monoalkyl ethers having up to 6 ethylene oxide units and having up to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical, for example diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether or tetraethylene glycol monomethyl ether. Also suitable are ethylene glycol dialkyl ethers and propylene glycol dialkyl ethers having up to 6 alkylene oxide units and having up to 4 carbon atoms in each of the alkyl radicals, for example triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol di-tert-butyl ether, diethylene glycol dibutyl ether, diethylene glycol di-tert-butyl ether or dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether.
Suitable boric acid esters of said or other polyglycol ethers are described, in particular, in the specifications EP-B 013 925 (cyclic bisboric acid esters), DE-C 28 04 535 (nitrogen-containing boric acid esters), DE-A 24 38 038 (boric acid alkylene glycol monoalkyl ether esters) and DE-B 17 68 933 (boric acid trisalkoxyalkyl esters).

Instead of said polyglycol ethers and/or boric acid esters thereof, the motor vehicle brake fluids according to the invention may also comprise, as principal component, those based on carboxylic acid esters, mineral oils or silicone oils.

In a further preferred embodiment, the motor vehicle brake fluids according to the invention furthermore comprise, besides components (a) and, if desired, (b), from 0.1 to 50% by weight, in particular from 1 to 40% by weight, especially from 5 to 30%
by weight, of one or more polyglycols.

Suitable polyglycols here are, in particular, relatively high-boiling products of the reaction of ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide and/or butylene oxide with water or diols, in particular corresponding products of the mixtures of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide with water. The number of alkylene oxide units in polyglycols of this type is normally from 2 to 10.
The action of these high-boiling polyglycols is that of a lubricant, which is attributable essentially to an improvement in the temperature/viscosity behavior. The polyglycols give the low-viscosity polyglycol ethers sufficient viscosity at high temperatures and thus ensure adequate lubrication. Adequate lubrication is necessary in the components of the motor vehicle braking system since rubber or elastomers have to slide on metal with very low wear in these systems.

Further components and assistants in the motor vehicle brake fluids according to the invention can be conventional antioxidants, for example phenothiazine and/or those based on phenol, and conventional antifoams.

In addition, the brake fluids according to the invention may comprise the cyclic carboxylic acid derivatives mentioned in WO 00/65001, which are suitable as components for reducing the low-temperature viscosity in the presence of water.

The presence of said small amount of 1H-1,2,4-triazole ensures, in an excellent manner, that the hydraulic fluids or motor vehicle brake fluids according to the invention meet the requirements mentioned at the outset and that, in particular, a corrosion behavior which is generally good compared with the prior art, i.e. improved corrosion protection in the case of metals, such as iron, steel, tinplate, cast iron (gray iron), lead, tin, chromium, zinc, aluminum, magnesium and alloys thereof, and in the case of solder metals, for example solder tin, and in the case of non-ferrous metals, such as copper and alloys thereof, for example brass, is effected.

Further advantages of the hydraulic fluids or motor vehicle brake fluids according to the invention are their favorable low-temperature viscosity, good water compatibility, a mild pH, good low-temperature, high-temperature and oxidation stability and good chemical stability, a favorable behavior (i.e. good compatibility) with materials such as rubbers, plastics, glue lines, fiber, elastomer and rubber seals and similar materials, as well as good lubricating behavior.

Not least, the use of only a small amount of 1H-1,2,4-triazole in the hydraulic fluids or motor vehicle brake fluids according to the invention is advantageous both in economic and in ecological terms.

The examples below are intended to explain the present invention without representing a restriction.

Applicational examples Based on the commercially available DOT 4 or DOT 5.1 brake fluids BF 1 (ERBP: 267_C, wet ERBP: 173_C, kinematic viscosity at -40_C:
676 cSt) and BF 2 (ERBP: 263_C, wet ERBP: 181_C, kinematic viscosity at -40_C: 850 cSt) each with 0.05% by weight of 1H-1,2,3-tolutriazole as non-ferrous metal corrosion inhibitor, the brake fluids BF la, BF lb, BF lc and BF 2a according to the invention were tested in comparison thereto.

The motor vehicle brake fluids used had the following compositions:

BF 1:

55.00% by weight of triethylene glycol methyl ether borate, 43.44% by weight of a mixture of triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monobutyl ether and diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, 1.51% by weight of a mixture of 1,1'-iminodipropan-2-ol, phenothiazine and a phosphoric acid ester 0.05% by weight of 1H-1,2,3-tolutriazole BF 2:

68.00% by weight of triethylene glycol methyl ether borate, 28.84% by weight of a mixture of triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether and diethylene glycol, 3.11% by weight of a mixture of 1,1'-iminodipropan-2-ol, phenothiazine and a phosphonic acid derivative 0.05% by weight of 1H-1,2,3-tolutriazole.

Brake fluids BF la and BF 2a according to the invention differ from BF 1 and BF 2 only in that the 0.05% by weight of 1H-1,2,3-tolutriazole has been replaced by the same amount of 1H-1,2,4-triazole; brake fluid BF lb comprises 0.04% by weight of 1H-1,2,4-triazole and 0.01% by weight of adenine instead of 0.05% by weight of 1H-1,2,3-tolutriazole; brake fluid BF lc according to the invention comprises 0.07% by weight of 1H-1,2,4-triazole (but only 54.98% by weight of triethylene glycol monomethyl ether borate) instead of 0.05% by weight of 1H-1,2,3-tolutriazole.

The applicational studies were carried out in accordance with the PSA Peugeot-Citroen D 53 5387 copper corrosion test in the 2000 version. In this test, firstly a copper sheet which has previously been cleaned in acetone, with a total surface area of 1000 cm2 (dimensions: 71.4 cm x 7 cm x 0.05 cm) is coiled up in the form of a round cylinder in such a way that the metal surface in the interior is not in contact with itself. The copper sheet is placed in a mixture of 294 ml of brake fluid containing 6 ml of distilled water and heated at 100_C for 100 hours; 10 liters per hour of air which had previously been passed through distilled water cooled to 2_C are passed through the fluid. After *trade-mark 6 the test, the appearance of the unrolled copper sheet and the appearance of the fluid are assessed visually, and the copper content of the fluid is determined.

The results from the test described are shown in Table 1 below.
Table 1:

Cu Cu sheet, Fluid, appearance pH
content appearance [mg/kg]
BF 1 24 Thick coating Cloudy, 7.4 (Comp.): precipitations BF la: 29 Bright, no Amber-colored, 7.6 coating clear BF lb: 34 Bright, no Amber-colored, 7.6 coating clear BF lc: 18 Bright, no Amber-colored, 7.5 coating clear BF 2 10 Thick coating Cloudy, 7.6 (Comp.): precipitations BF 2a: 30 Bright, no Amber-colored, 7.7 coating clear It can be seen that the formulations according to the invention, in contrast to conventional brake fluids, such as BF 1 and BF 2, not only offer very good copper corrosion protection with a low Cu content in the test fluid, but in addition also produce a coating-free metal surface and no sediment formation in the brake fluid.

The results shown below for the corrosion test in accordance with SAE J 1704 (Jan. 97) also confirm that brake fluids according to the invention, such as BF 2a, having a low 1H-1,2,4-triazole content offer advantages over formulations not in accordance with the invention, such as BF ld, having a high 1H-1,2,4-triazole content, since they exhibit a better corrosion result in the case of copper (BF id corresponded to BF 1, but comprised 0.20% by weight of 1H-1,2,4-triazole instead of 1H-1,2,3-tolutriazole and comprised only 54.85% by weight of triethylene glycol monomethyl ether borate):

The results from the corrosion test in accordance with SAE J 1704 (Jan. 97) are shown in Table 2 below.

Table 2:

Metal BF 2a BF id (comparison) Weight change [mg/cm2] Weight change [mg/cmz]
Tinplate 0.00 -0.01 Steel +0.03 0.00 Aluminum 0.00 0.00 Cast iron +0.05 +0.02 Brass 0.00 0.00 Copper -0.05 -0.11 Zinc +0.05 +0.04

Claims (5)

CLAIMS:
1. A brake fluid for motor vehicles having corrosion protection, comprising from 0.1 to 97% by weight of one or more polyglycol ethers and/or boric acid esters thereof, and (a) from 0.005 to 0.125% by weight of 1H-1,2,4-triazole, and optionally (b) from 0 to 10% by weight of one or more further corrosion inhibitors, the one or more further corrosion inhibitors being 1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole, 1H-1,2,3-tolutriazole, benzotriazole derivatives, benzimidazole, hydrogenated 1H-1,2,3-tolutriazole, purine, adenine, 6-chloropurine, 2,6-dichloropurine, 6-methoxypurine, 1H-1,2,3-triazolo (4,5-b) pyridine, 6-histaminopurine or 6-furfurylaminopurine, wherein on concomitant use of the one or more further corrosion inhibitors, the weight ratio between 1H-1,2,4-triazole and said one or more further corrosion inhibitors must be greater than 4:1.
2. A brake fluid for motor vehicles as claimed in claim 1, comprising from 0.005 to 0.08% by weight of component (a).
3. A brake fluid for motor vehicles as claimed in claim 1 or 2, comprising component (a) as the only triazole-based corrosion inhibitor.
4. A brake fluid for motor vehicles as claimed in claim 1 or 2, comprising, as component (b), from 0.001 to 0.5% by weight of one or more compounds, the compounds being benzimidazole, hydrogenated 1H-1,2,3-tolutriazole, purine, adenine, 6-chloropurine, 2,6-dichloropurine, 6-methoxypurine, 1H-1,2,3-triazolo (4,5-b) pyridine, 6-histaminopurine or 6-furfurylaminopurine, and, optionally further corrosion inhibitors other than (a).
5. A brake fluid for motor vehicles as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, furthermore comprising from 0.1 to 50% by weight of one or more polyglycols.
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