CA2273761A1 - Apparatus and process for catalytic gas involving reactions which are exothermic - Google Patents

Apparatus and process for catalytic gas involving reactions which are exothermic Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2273761A1
CA2273761A1 CA002273761A CA2273761A CA2273761A1 CA 2273761 A1 CA2273761 A1 CA 2273761A1 CA 002273761 A CA002273761 A CA 002273761A CA 2273761 A CA2273761 A CA 2273761A CA 2273761 A1 CA2273761 A1 CA 2273761A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
catalytic
exothermic
reactions
reactor
catalytic gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
CA002273761A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Danilo Klvana
Jitka Kirchnerova
Jamal Chaouki
Christophe Guy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Polyvalor SC
Original Assignee
Polyvalor SC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Polyvalor SC filed Critical Polyvalor SC
Priority to CA002273761A priority Critical patent/CA2273761A1/en
Priority to AU53824/00A priority patent/AU5382400A/en
Priority to PCT/CA2000/000713 priority patent/WO2000076654A1/en
Publication of CA2273761A1 publication Critical patent/CA2273761A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23GCREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/06Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
    • F23G7/07Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0403Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal
    • B01J8/0407Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal through two or more cylindrical annular shaped beds
    • B01J8/0411Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the fluid flow within the beds being predominantly horizontal through two or more cylindrical annular shaped beds the beds being concentric
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/04Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds
    • B01J8/0446Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical
    • B01J8/0461Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more cylindrical annular shaped beds
    • B01J8/0465Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid passing successively through two or more beds the flow within the beds being predominantly vertical in two or more cylindrical annular shaped beds the beds being concentric
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23CMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C13/00Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00477Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means
    • B01J2208/00495Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means using insulating materials or refractories
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00513Controlling the temperature using inert heat absorbing solids in the bed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/0053Controlling multiple zones along the direction of flow, e.g. pre-heating and after-cooling
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/18Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor
    • B01J2219/182Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor horizontal
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/18Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor
    • B01J2219/185Details relating to the spatial orientation of the reactor vertical

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Title of invention: Apparatus and Process for Catalytic Gas Involving Reactions which are Exothermic. (Apparaillage et procede pour les reactions catalytiques exothermiques.) Inventors: Danilo Klvana 4808 Roslyn av.
Montreal, QC H3W 2L2 tel.: home: (514) 733 8657 ; offce : ext. 4927 Jitka Kirchnerova 4808 Roslyn av.
Montreal, QC H3W 2L2 tel.: home: (514) 733 8657 ; ofl;ce : ext.5727 Jamal Chaoula 104 Brunet Pointe Claire, QC H9S 4T8 tel.: (514) 695 7812; office : ext. 4034 Christophe Guy 5585 Wilderton Montrel, QC H3T 1S1 tel.: (514) 731 0114 ; offce : ext. 4276 All four inventors are citizens of Canada and all four are employees of Ecole Polytechnique, Departement de Genie Chimique, 2900 Edouard-Montpetit, Montreal, Quebec, C.P.
6079, Succ. Centre-ville, Ii3C 3A7. tel.: 514 340-4711 Description of invention:
This invention pertains to . the catalytic gas involving reactions which are exothermic. In particular, the invention relates to a new unproved) and economical apparatus to carry out such reactions (processes). The new apparatus consists of a two compartment concentrical self regulating (autocyclic) reactor, which may be operated in any convenient position. The reaction space of the reactor is filed with suitable catalytic material. The gas stream enters the outer compartment and flows across the catalytic bed of the outer compartment to the end of the reactor, where it is forced to enter the inner central compartment. The inner central compartment is also filled with a catalytic material across which the gases now flow in a direction opposite to that of the flow in the outer compartment.
Different types of catalytic materials may be employed, along with an inert material, depending on the facility of the reaction, its heat content and on the size of the reactor. The rate and direction of the reaction front displacement depend on the volumetric heat balance. If the front moves up to the exit part of the inner reactor compartment which is thermally communicating with the entrance part of the reactor via fins its heat re-ignites the incoming gas reaction mixture and a new cycle begins. The schema of the apparatus in shown in Figure 1.
The apparatus and the process are especially suitable for highly exothermic reactions of total oxidation in air of various combustible gases present at relatively low concentrations. These reactions are exploited either for heating (using natural gas, propane or other suitable gaseous fuel), or for destruction of a variety of undesirable combustible vapors and gases in industrial effluents. The apparatus and the process may also be used for the production of sulfur trioxide.

Background Catalytic combustion of lean fueUair mixtures, whether it is for heat generation, or for cleaning gas streams of combustible contaminants (VOC abatement), is the safe, environmentally most preferred alternative to traditional flame combustion(or incineration), which is a source of noxious nitrogen oxides.
Operation of catalytic highly exothermic reactions involving total oxidation in classical fixed (stationary) bed reactors becomes very difficult to control when the concentration of the fuel as well as the temperature of the feed mixture-are variable, because these conditions cause the reaction front to creep along the reactor axis. To remedy these and other problems such as creation of hot spots and overheating the catalytic bed variety of solutions have been proposed and patented. Elegant solution to the creep of the reaction front in the case of gas streams containing relatively low concentrations of fuel is the invention of Houdry, which consists of reverse-flow reactor comprising in addition to a catalytic bed a bed of inert matenal serving as a heat recuperator. Originally proposed for treatment of gas streams_the reverse-flow (or cyclic feed) type of fixed-bed, reactor (Houdry, 1960) has been modified by several inventors with a variety of improvements such as means of purging of regenarative incinerators of untreated gas stream and reintroducing it back to the system (Houston, 1975 ;
Wojciechowski, 1991 ; Thunstrom, 1993) and for different specific applications (Matros et al., 1984 ;
Grozev et al., 1997). The latest improvement of the reverse-flow regenerative type systems consists of providing means for controlling the temperature of the bed, by introducing additional chambers allowing the dilution of the reaction mixture (Chaouki et al., 1997). While all these inventions provide a number of advantages over a classical fixed bed reactors, these improved reverse-flow systems are relatively complex and bulky, requiring use of additional valves increasing thereby the investment, operation and maintenance cost. Several of these disadvantages are avoided when using the apparatus of this invention. .
The advantages of the present invention will become clearly apparent with the help of drawings illustrating the general features of the-apparatus (Fig. 1), schema of the laboratory experimental unit used to provide experimental demonstration of the operation (Fig.2), and the temperature profiles and reaction front displacement for two examples in which propane (Fig. 3-8) or methane (Fig. 9-13) were used as the fuel for producing hot air.
Novelty of the invention A new stationary-bed reactor configuration which takes advantage of the heat release of exothermic reactions in a way to assure a self regulating reactor operation.
Advantages In comparison with current state of art reverse-flow (cyclio-feed) reactors the apparatus of this invention is characterized by simplicity, compactness, low maintenance, higher versatility.
Applications of the invention: ~ .
Wide range of applications.can be envisaged. -These applications involve exothermic catalytic reactions involving gas streams of variable relatively low reactant concentrations and variable inlet temperatures. Such reactions include:
catalytic combustion of lean fuel/air mixtures to produce hot air catalytic cleaning of gas streams (e$luents) containing combustible gases or vapors production of sulfur trioxide from relatively low concentrated sulfur dioxide containing gases Prove of concept:
The function of the apparatus of the invention and the feasibility of its use as a heat generator has been tested experimentally using both methane or propane as a fuel, as documented by data in Figures 3 to 13 and as described in the following Examples 1 and 2.

Potential commercialization:
Due to its versatility and potentially large area of applications, such as heating systems for industrial, commercial and residential use, catalytic cleaning (methane removal) of ambient air in mines and other closed spaces naturally contaminated by emanating gases, or VOC
abatement to name only the most obvious, the invention has a great potential. Its commercialization should be pursued.
References:
E.J. Houdry, "Catalytic Treatment of Gas Streams", U.S. patent 2,946,651, Jul.
26 1960.
Reagan Houston, "Regenerative Incinerator Systems for Waste Gases", U.S.
Patent 3,870,474, Mar. 11, 1975.
Jury S. Matros, Gregory K. Boreskov, Viktor S. l.,akhmostov, Viktor J. Volkov and Alexei A. Ivanov, "Method of Producing Sulphur Tnoxide", U.S. Patent 4,478,808, Oct. 23, 1984.
Jerzy Wojciechowski, "Method for Catalytic Gas Cleaning", International Patent Publication, WO 91/12878, 5 September 1991.
Alf Thunstrom, "A Purifying Apparatus", International Patent Application, WO
93/11857, 24 June 1993.
Yurii S. Matros and David E. McCombs, "Process and Apparatus for Gas Phase Reaction in a Regenerative Incinerator", U.S. Patent, 5,364,259, Nov. 15, 1994.
Gregory Grozev, Christo Sapundjiev, Dimitry Elenkov, Dimitry Dimitrov, N~7cola Dobrev and.Ivan Enchev, "
Method for Produing Sulphur Trioxide, U.S. Patent, 5,624,653, Apr. 29,1997.
Jamal Chaoouki, Christo Sapundjiev, Christophe Guy, Danilo Klvana and Kebir Ratnani, "Process and Apparatus for Gas Phase Exotherniic Reactions", U.S. Patent Application, ;
International application No PCT/CA 97/00958.
Keywords: Reactor, fixed bed, stationary bed, reverse-flow, regenerative ;
catalytic combustion, heating ; catalytic air cleaning ; catalytic incineration of combustible, organic vapors, gases ;
exothermic oxidation reactions.
Inventors siEnatures: -~--Danilo Klvana:
Date: ~ ~~GG~f n Jamal Chaouki:
Christophe Guy:
Date:
Jitka Kirchnerova.
'~?~' /~'9~S
Date:

Claims

CA002273761A 1999-06-09 1999-06-09 Apparatus and process for catalytic gas involving reactions which are exothermic Abandoned CA2273761A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002273761A CA2273761A1 (en) 1999-06-09 1999-06-09 Apparatus and process for catalytic gas involving reactions which are exothermic
AU53824/00A AU5382400A (en) 1999-06-09 2000-06-09 Fixed bed reactor for gas involving exothermic catalytic reactions and process therefor
PCT/CA2000/000713 WO2000076654A1 (en) 1999-06-09 2000-06-09 Fixed bed reactor for gas involving exothermic catalytic reactions and process therefor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002273761A CA2273761A1 (en) 1999-06-09 1999-06-09 Apparatus and process for catalytic gas involving reactions which are exothermic

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2273761A1 true CA2273761A1 (en) 2000-12-09

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AU (1) AU5382400A (en)
CA (1) CA2273761A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2000076654A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008055851B4 (en) * 2008-11-04 2011-03-17 Kba-Metalprint Gmbh Regenerative exhaust air purification device and method for producing a regenerative exhaust air purification device
CN105617947B (en) * 2014-10-27 2018-09-28 中国石油化工股份有限公司 A kind of fixed bed-fluidized bed reactor and its application

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US2700598A (en) * 1946-10-31 1955-01-25 Standard Oil Dev Co Process for reforming hydrocarbons
US3607125A (en) * 1968-12-30 1971-09-21 Gen Electric Reformer tube construction
JPH0613096A (en) * 1992-06-25 1994-01-21 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd Reforming method and device in fuel cell power generator
DE4439807A1 (en) * 1994-11-08 1996-05-09 Basf Ag Reactor for carrying out heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase reactions
EP0890812A4 (en) * 1996-03-29 2000-10-04 Mitsui Shipbuilding Eng High temperature air heater and waste treatment equipment

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AU5382400A (en) 2001-01-02
WO2000076654A1 (en) 2000-12-21

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