CA2270017A1 - Rotary pump top drive - Google Patents

Rotary pump top drive Download PDF

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Publication number
CA2270017A1
CA2270017A1 CA002270017A CA2270017A CA2270017A1 CA 2270017 A1 CA2270017 A1 CA 2270017A1 CA 002270017 A CA002270017 A CA 002270017A CA 2270017 A CA2270017 A CA 2270017A CA 2270017 A1 CA2270017 A1 CA 2270017A1
Authority
CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
drivehead
rod string
rotor
rod
wellhead
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Abandoned
Application number
CA002270017A
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Lynn P. Tessier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to CA002270017A priority Critical patent/CA2270017A1/en
Publication of CA2270017A1 publication Critical patent/CA2270017A1/en
Abandoned legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C13/00Adaptations of machines or pumps for special use, e.g. for extremely high pressures
    • F04C13/008Pumps for submersible use, i.e. down-hole pumping
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/12Methods or apparatus for controlling the flow of the obtained fluid to or in wells
    • E21B43/121Lifting well fluids
    • E21B43/126Adaptations of down-hole pump systems powered by drives outside the borehole, e.g. by a rotary or oscillating drive
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04BPOSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B47/00Pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for raising fluids from great depths, e.g. well pumps
    • F04B47/02Pumps or pumping installations specially adapted for raising fluids from great depths, e.g. well pumps the driving mechanisms being situated at ground level

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

A high torque drivehead apparatus is provided for driving a downhole rotary pump. The drivehead utilizes a switched reluctance motor having a stator and frame secured to the wellhead. The motor's rotor is fitted with a concentric hollow drive shaft for accepting the rod string's polish rod.
Further, the rotor is supported from the frame with thrust bearings for supporting the rod string. In operation, the drivehead provides consistent torque at a wide range of speeds including nearly zero rpm. Upon power failure, backspin of the rod string does not result in dangerous speed magnification at the drivehead and thus is not a threat to safety.

Description

1 "ROTARY PUMP TOP DRIVE "
4 The invention relates to a form of drivehead for rotating a rod string which in turn drives a progressive cavity pump. No gear-reduction is used and 6 should the drivehead fail, the concentric drive is immune to the high-speed 7 rotational backspin which can occur.

A progressive cavity ("PC") pump is located in a well and is used to 11 pump subterranean fluids to the surface. Over 12,000 oil wells in Canada use 12 PC pumps. Conventionally the PC pump is driven from a speed-reducing 13 drivehead located at the surface. A long assembly or string of rods transmit the 14 slow rotation from the drivehead down the well to the PC pump. The top end of the rod string is fitted with a polish or polishing rod which is driven by the 16 drivehead.
17 The conventional rotational speed of 100 - 700 rpm is adjusted 18 according to the downhole pumping conditions including the oil characteristics.
19 Rotational speeds of less than 100 rpm are not currently practised due to the large gear reduction required and lack of flexibility to attain greater speeds as 21 pumping conditions improve. Under certain conditions, such as in the case of 22 very viscous oils or low formation influx rates, it desirable to have even lower 23 rotational speeds. These cases are not adequately served with the prior art 24 driveheads.

1 When driven, the rod string winds up in torsion like an elastic. In a 2 3,000 foot long rod string, the rods could be wound over 100 revolutions.
When 3 the drivehead ceases to drive the rod string and PC pump (such as during a 4 power failure), the rods try to unwind, spinning the drive and motor backwards, called backspin. If unrestrained, backspin speed of the rods can reach upwards 6 of 5,000 rpm and in combination with gear reduction to the drivehead, the 7 resulting speed at the drivehead can dangerously destructive - with most injuries 8 being caused by sheave self-destruction.
9 Apparatus is known to control backspin. Some driveheads have braking systems which are activated upon backspin, either when the drive shuts 11 down or the rod string physically begins to spins backwards. Substantially all 12 modern drivehead are fitted with some sort of device which deals with backspin.
13 Older driveheads utilise centripetally-actuated mechanical drum-14 breaking systems. Alternately a hydraulic motor can cause brake pads to engage a disc-braking rotor on the polish rod. Braking shoes, drums, shoes, 16 pads and discs are subject to wear and the possibility of localised hot spots 17 which can be an ignition hazard.
18 Some driveheads are hydraulic pump driven. Upon backspin the 19 drive naturally reverts to a pump. Hydraulic fluid is directed through a restriction orifice or check valve for releasing pressure. Similarly, in motor-driven gear 21 boxes, a clutch activates on backspin to engage a separate hydraulic motor.
At 22 the high torque of backspin conditions, the hydraulic fluid can become very hot, 23 or if the fluid is lost, backspin control is also lost.
24 In another instance, it is known to provide an AC drive motor with an inline shaft. A Variable Frequency Drive or VFD manipulates line AC/DC and 1 then DC back to a variable frequency AC to control the shaft speed. No gear 2 reduction is provided thus backspin is not dangerously speed multiplied.
Further 3 the VFD can provide inductive braking. Slip associated with AC induction motor 4 unfortunately limits the motor's ability to reach the low rotational speeds desired in some circumstances, such as with high viscosity oils. Low rotational speeds 6 can result in motor overheating.
7 Further, to start an AC induction motor under load can result in in-8 rush amperage as much as 5 or 6 times the normal full load operating current.
9 For instance, for a typical 50 Hp NEMA B motor having a full load current of about 200 A, the in-rush could be 1000 - 1200 amperes. While this is only for a 11 short period of time and is an accepted disadvantage of AC motors, there is a 12 further economic impact. Often, the peak current use of an end user is identified 13 by the utility provider as the basis for setting the per unit charge for all power 14 consumption. Accordingly, even though steady-state use may be only 200 amperes, the price paid for the electricity could be based on a higher, albeit 16 momentary, electrical current use.
17 Thus, there is a need for a more versatile drivehead which is capable 18 of a wide range of operating speeds, particularly low rotational speeds and is does 19 not suffer the enumerated backspin disadvantages of the gear-reduced apparatus.

2 Simply, a drivehead for a downhole rotary pump is provided. The 3 present invention provides high torque with low rpm output yet avoids the use of 4 gear-reduction. This is achieved by combining a switched reluctance motor and a concentric hollow drive shaft through which the rod string's polish rod extends.
6 Should there be an interruption in the motor's power, resulting backspin will not 7 produce a dangerous surface reaction.
8 Broadly then, a drivehead is provided for driving a downhole rotary 9 pump and a rotary rod string, the rod string extending upwardly through a wellhead to the drivehead and downwardly through a wellbore to the rotary 11 pump, the drivehead comprising:
12 ~ a switched reluctance motor mounted in a frame and secured to 13 the wellhead;
14 ~ a hollow shaft extending through the motor's rotor and sized for accepting the polish rod of the rotary rod string;
16 ~ a bushing for drivably and supportably connecting the hollow 17 shaft and the rod string; and 18 ~ bearings for rotatably supporting the rotor in the motor's stator 19 including a thrust bearing for supporting the rod string.
21 Figure 1 is cross-sectional view of a well, a rotary pump and a 22 wellhead with a rod string extending therethrough and having a switched 23 reluctance drivehead mounted above the wellhead.

2 Having reference to Fig. 1, a drivehead 1 is used to rotate the rod 3 string 2 of a rotary pump 3 located downhole in a well 4. The well 4 is sealed 4 with a wellhead 5 through which the rod string 2 extends. A polish rod 6 at the upper end of the rod string 2 extends through the wellhead 5 and through a 6 packing 7. The drivehead 1 is located above the wellhead 5. The drivehead 1 is 7 secured to the wellhead 5 to absorb reaction torque and thus prevent rotation.
8 The drive head is secured 8 to the wellhead to arrest reactive rotation, preferably 9 using a flanged connection or chain (shown). The polish rod 6 extends through the drivehead 1. A rod clamp 9, secured to the polish rod 6, bears against the 11 top of the drivehead 1 to suspend itself and the rod string 2 therefrom.
12 Optionally a taper-lock bushing locks the hollow shaft to polish rod.
13 The drivehead 1 is usually spaced above the wellhead packing 7 14 using a housing or frame 10 so as to provide ease of access to the polish rod 6 and packing 7. Accordingly, a length of polish rod 6 is exposed between the 16 wellhead 5 and the drivehead 1. The polish rod 6 is shown extending above the 17 top of the drivehead 1.
18 The drivehead comprises a conventional switched reluctance 19 motor 11 having a stator 12 and a rotor 13 mounted in the frame 10.
Switched Reluctance (SR) motors are known, the details of which are known to those of 21 ordinary skill in the art. The components of the SR motor are only described 22 generally, there being many possible variations thereof.
1 A hollow shaft 14 extends through the rotor 13 for guiding the 2 polish rod 6 concentrically therethrough.
3 The stator 12 has a plurality of slots coil wound for forming phase 4 windings - typically three are provided. Pairs of diametrically opposing stator poles conventionally wired in series for forming each independent phase of the 6 multiphased switched reluctance motor. The coils are electronically switched 7 (electronically commutated) in a predetermined sequence so as to form a 8 moving magnetic field.
9 The rotor 13 also forms one or more poles and has no phase windings but has a plurality of teeth which are closely radially spaced to the 11 stator poles.
12 The stator 12 produces a moving magnetic field induces torque 13 through the teeth of the rotor 13. The rotor rotates to move the teeth inline with 14 the energized stator poles for mimimizing the flux path (minimum reluctance).
Using predetermined switching of the appropriate stator poles, the desired rotor 16 speed is achieved, as is forward or reverse rotation.
17 The SR motor 11, and hence the drivehead 1, produces high 18 starting torque, a relatively flat torque curve and thus is capable of a wide range 19 of operational speeds. Accordingly, the drivehead is fully functional and operable at low rotational speeds approaching zero rpm without the need for 21 extraordinary cooling means.
22 The stator 12 is supported in the frame 10 which is secured to the 23 wellhead 5 to prevent rotation. Such a frame is similar to that provided for 24 vertical AC motors such as those offered by U.S. Electrical Motors, Division of Emerson Electric Co., using a NEMA WPI enclosure.

1 Systems to control the SR motor 11 include electronics to control 2 the switching, means for high frequency switching of the stator's poles and 3 means for determining the position of the rotor 12. These controls are known in 4 the industry including those provided by Emotron AB, in Sweden.
The polish rod 6 extends upwardly from the packing 7 in the 6 wellhead 5 and then through and out of the drivehead's hollow shaft 14. The 7 polish rod clamp 9 secures to the rod 6 above the drivehead 1 for preventing the 8 polish rod from passing downwardly through the hollow shaft 14. Accordingly, 9 the hollow shaft 14, and the rotor 13 support the weight of the rod string 2.
Bearings 15 in the frame 10 rotationally guide the rotor 13 11 concentrically within the stator 12. The bearings 15 include a least one set of 12 thrust bearings for supporting the axial load of the rod string 2.
13 As a result of the novel combination of the present invention, 14 certain advantages are obtained:
~ very low rotational speed capability - including less than 100 16 rpm 17 ~ high starting torque and a substantially flat torque curve;
18 ~ minimal components;
19 ~ use of a concentric shaft and rod string and elimination of speed-reduction for providing passive and safe response to 21 backspin situations; and 22 ~ elimination of the need for additional mechanical or hydraulic 23 backspin prevention devices.

Claims (3)

1. A drivehead for driving a downhole rotary pump and a rotary rod string, the rod string extending upwardly through a wellhead to the drivehead and downwardly through a wellbore to the rotary pump, the drivehead comprising:
a switched reluctance motor having a rotor and a stator, the stator being secured to the wellhead for preventing relative rotation therebetween;
a hollow shaft extending through the rotor, the rotary rod string passing therethrough;
means for drivably and supportably connecting the hollow shaft and the rod string; and bearings for rotatably supporting the rotor in the stator, said bearings including a thrust bearing suitable for supporting the rod string.
2. The drivehead as recited in claim 1 further comprising a frame secured to the wellhead and having the stator mounted therein, the frame further supporting the bearings for supporting the rotor.
3. The drivehead as recited in claim 2 wherein the rod string has a polish rod extending from its upper end, the polish rod extending through the hollow-shaft.
CA002270017A 1999-04-26 1999-04-26 Rotary pump top drive Abandoned CA2270017A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002270017A CA2270017A1 (en) 1999-04-26 1999-04-26 Rotary pump top drive

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA002270017A CA2270017A1 (en) 1999-04-26 1999-04-26 Rotary pump top drive

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CA2270017A1 true CA2270017A1 (en) 2000-10-26

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CA002270017A Abandoned CA2270017A1 (en) 1999-04-26 1999-04-26 Rotary pump top drive

Country Status (1)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005119885A1 (en) * 2004-06-04 2005-12-15 Tessier Lynn P A frameless switched reluctance motor and application as a top drive for a rotary pump
CN102493944A (en) * 2011-12-06 2012-06-13 王英浩 Ground direct-driving screw pump oil extraction device for switched reluctance motor
US8353336B2 (en) 2007-05-04 2013-01-15 Zeitecs B.V. Power transmission system for use with downhole equipment
WO2012146234A3 (en) * 2011-04-27 2013-04-11 Netzsch Oilfield Products Gmbh Reverse rotation protection for borehole pumps
EP2064410A4 (en) * 2006-09-08 2015-03-18 Nat Oilwell Varco Lp Systems and methods to retard rod string backspin
US9059606B2 (en) 2006-08-04 2015-06-16 Millennium Oiflow Systems & Technology Inc. Surface motor direct-drive sucker-rod screw pump device
US12140136B2 (en) * 2020-05-22 2024-11-12 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Surface driven downhole pump system

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005119885A1 (en) * 2004-06-04 2005-12-15 Tessier Lynn P A frameless switched reluctance motor and application as a top drive for a rotary pump
US7199497B2 (en) 2004-06-04 2007-04-03 Msi Machineering Solutions Inc. Frameless switched reluctance motor and application as a top drive for a rotary pump
US9059606B2 (en) 2006-08-04 2015-06-16 Millennium Oiflow Systems & Technology Inc. Surface motor direct-drive sucker-rod screw pump device
EP2064410A4 (en) * 2006-09-08 2015-03-18 Nat Oilwell Varco Lp Systems and methods to retard rod string backspin
US8353336B2 (en) 2007-05-04 2013-01-15 Zeitecs B.V. Power transmission system for use with downhole equipment
EP2578793A2 (en) 2007-05-04 2013-04-10 Dynamic Dinosaurs B.V. Power transmission system for use with downhole equipment
WO2012146234A3 (en) * 2011-04-27 2013-04-11 Netzsch Oilfield Products Gmbh Reverse rotation protection for borehole pumps
CN103477027A (en) * 2011-04-27 2013-12-25 奈赤-泵和系统有限责任公司 Reverse rotation protection for borehole pumps
CN102493944A (en) * 2011-12-06 2012-06-13 王英浩 Ground direct-driving screw pump oil extraction device for switched reluctance motor
US12140136B2 (en) * 2020-05-22 2024-11-12 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Surface driven downhole pump system

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FZDE Discontinued