CA2200021A1 - Ballast for gas discharge tubing - Google Patents
Ballast for gas discharge tubingInfo
- Publication number
- CA2200021A1 CA2200021A1 CA002200021A CA2200021A CA2200021A1 CA 2200021 A1 CA2200021 A1 CA 2200021A1 CA 002200021 A CA002200021 A CA 002200021A CA 2200021 A CA2200021 A CA 2200021A CA 2200021 A1 CA2200021 A1 CA 2200021A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- gas discharge
- ballast
- controlling
- controllers
- controller
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
- H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
- H05B41/24—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by high frequency ac, or with separate oscillator frequency
- H05B41/245—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by high frequency ac, or with separate oscillator frequency for a plurality of lamps
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
- H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
- H05B47/155—Coordinated control of two or more light sources
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
- H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
- H05B47/175—Controlling the light source by remote control
- H05B47/18—Controlling the light source by remote control via data-bus transmission
Abstract
A system for controlling signage comprised of plural gas discharge lamps, comprising a ballast associated with each gas discharge tube, each ballast comprising a variable voltage converter unit coupled to a gas discharge tube and a communication module, apparatus for transmitting control signals between the ballasts via the communication modules for controlling the converters and thus controlling operation of the gas discharge lamps to provide special display effects.
Description
BALLAST FOR GAS DISCHARGE TUBING
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an improved variable output controlled ballast with various interfaceable optional user selectable means for providing special effects, and/or communications modules.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A system for controlling signage comprised of plural gas discharge lamps, is comprised of a ballast associated with each gas discharge tube, each ballast comprising a voltage converter unit coupled to a gas discharge tube and a communication module, apparatus for transmitting control signals between the ballasts via the communicatio~ modules for controlling the converters and thus controlling operation of the gas discharge lamps to provide special display effects, via a low voltage bus.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be better understood by way of the following detailed description of an embodiment with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of a main ballast converter circuit according to an embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram of an optional interfaceable communications circuit, which additionally allows user selectable means for special display effects, according to an embodiment of the invention; and Figure 3 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the invention.
DET~TT~n DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In the following description of the preferred embodiment, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration a specific embodiment in which the invention may be practiced. This embodiment is described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to make and practice the invention, and it is to be understood that other emho~iments may be utilized and that structural, electrical, or logical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined only by the appended claims.
In the main converter illustrated in the block diagram of Fig. 1, an A.C. Filter 11 provides line and load filtering for the main converter circuit.
Rectifier 12 rectifies the A.C. input to provide D.C.
for D.C. filter 14 and the low voltage regulator 16. An inrush limiter 13 is connected between the filter 13 and rectifier 12 to limit the inrush current on start up to reduce and protect against the input surge. D.C. filter 14 provides the bulk D.C. potential to power the transformer 15. Power transformer 15 contains the primary winding, auxiliary winding and the high voltage secondary winding and secondary tap feeds to ground fault detector 22. Low voltage regulator 16 provides the 123 volt supply for the PWM controller 19. Sync and blanking control 17 samples the auxiliary winding of the power transformer 15, to provide the necessary synchronization signal to the PWM controller 19 to lock the PWM controller frequency to the resonant frequency of the power transformer 15. Control 17 also provides controlled blanking signal to the PWM controller 19, to ~3~ 02200 021 set the turn-on point for zero voltage switching of the power stage 21. Buffer 18 integrates the input from the power level adjustment potentiometer when the main converter is run with, or without the special effects of s communications module. PWM controller 19 provides variable PWM (pulse width modulation) output to the driver stage 20, and monitors various points in the circuit to provide the proper control signals to the power stage 21. Driver stage 20 provides a high efficiency push-pull drive for the power stage 21, by sampling both the PWM controller output 19, and the auxiliary drive winding of the power transformer 15.
Power stage 21 provides the drive for the power transformer 15, and provides a current sense signal for the S.O.A. detector 23, and for the PWM controller 19.
Ground fault detector 22 monitors for any leakage current between high voltage outputs and ground, and is able to differentiate between false leakage currents to ground (capacitive radiated) and valid leakage currents (resistive). Detector 22 also provides a shut down signal in the event that a valid ground fault occurs.
Safe Operating Area detector (S.O.A. detector) 23 provides the protection for the power stage 22, in the event an abnormal load causes the power stage to experience high voltage and/or current stresses which could result in transistor failure due to second breakdown. In the event excessive stresses should occur, the S.O.A detector provides a shut-down signal to the PWM controller 19.
As illustrated in the block diagram of Figure
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an improved variable output controlled ballast with various interfaceable optional user selectable means for providing special effects, and/or communications modules.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A system for controlling signage comprised of plural gas discharge lamps, is comprised of a ballast associated with each gas discharge tube, each ballast comprising a voltage converter unit coupled to a gas discharge tube and a communication module, apparatus for transmitting control signals between the ballasts via the communicatio~ modules for controlling the converters and thus controlling operation of the gas discharge lamps to provide special display effects, via a low voltage bus.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be better understood by way of the following detailed description of an embodiment with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of a main ballast converter circuit according to an embodiment of the invention;
Figure 2 is a schematic block diagram of an optional interfaceable communications circuit, which additionally allows user selectable means for special display effects, according to an embodiment of the invention; and Figure 3 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the invention.
DET~TT~n DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
In the following description of the preferred embodiment, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form part hereof, and in which is shown by way of illustration a specific embodiment in which the invention may be practiced. This embodiment is described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to make and practice the invention, and it is to be understood that other emho~iments may be utilized and that structural, electrical, or logical changes may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of the present invention is defined only by the appended claims.
In the main converter illustrated in the block diagram of Fig. 1, an A.C. Filter 11 provides line and load filtering for the main converter circuit.
Rectifier 12 rectifies the A.C. input to provide D.C.
for D.C. filter 14 and the low voltage regulator 16. An inrush limiter 13 is connected between the filter 13 and rectifier 12 to limit the inrush current on start up to reduce and protect against the input surge. D.C. filter 14 provides the bulk D.C. potential to power the transformer 15. Power transformer 15 contains the primary winding, auxiliary winding and the high voltage secondary winding and secondary tap feeds to ground fault detector 22. Low voltage regulator 16 provides the 123 volt supply for the PWM controller 19. Sync and blanking control 17 samples the auxiliary winding of the power transformer 15, to provide the necessary synchronization signal to the PWM controller 19 to lock the PWM controller frequency to the resonant frequency of the power transformer 15. Control 17 also provides controlled blanking signal to the PWM controller 19, to ~3~ 02200 021 set the turn-on point for zero voltage switching of the power stage 21. Buffer 18 integrates the input from the power level adjustment potentiometer when the main converter is run with, or without the special effects of s communications module. PWM controller 19 provides variable PWM (pulse width modulation) output to the driver stage 20, and monitors various points in the circuit to provide the proper control signals to the power stage 21. Driver stage 20 provides a high efficiency push-pull drive for the power stage 21, by sampling both the PWM controller output 19, and the auxiliary drive winding of the power transformer 15.
Power stage 21 provides the drive for the power transformer 15, and provides a current sense signal for the S.O.A. detector 23, and for the PWM controller 19.
Ground fault detector 22 monitors for any leakage current between high voltage outputs and ground, and is able to differentiate between false leakage currents to ground (capacitive radiated) and valid leakage currents (resistive). Detector 22 also provides a shut down signal in the event that a valid ground fault occurs.
Safe Operating Area detector (S.O.A. detector) 23 provides the protection for the power stage 22, in the event an abnormal load causes the power stage to experience high voltage and/or current stresses which could result in transistor failure due to second breakdown. In the event excessive stresses should occur, the S.O.A detector provides a shut-down signal to the PWM controller 19.
As illustrated in the block diagram of Figure
2, the F-X/communications controller 50 provides for control over special effects and communications.
Controller 50 is an optional plug-in module.
Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM) 51 provides and stores the last user selected mode such that the main converter will re-start without requiring the end user to make any adjustments by instructing the microcontroller 52. The microcontroller 52 monitors all the activities and either receives or s emits the required signals through the F-X control line, the I/O port, audio port, mode switch, or rate and level controls, such that all programmed software features of the combined units are accomplished. The buffer and driver circuit 53 accepts control signals from the microcontroller 52 to drive the communications bus and to receive signal from the communications bus and forward same to the microcontroller 52. Isolators 54 transfer data between the I/O ports and circuit 53 while maintaining dielectric isolation. Wave shaper 56 receives an audio signal from the user interface and discriminates against unwanted portions of the supplied audio input. Isolator 57 receives the output of the wave shaper 56 and outputs a corresponding isolated signal to A/D converter 55, which accepts analog audio inputs and converts them to binary code for the microcontroller 52.
Each of the gas discharge tubes of a sign may be controlled in a separate manner, for example under control of data stored in EEPROM 51 or in a random access memory (RAM) which is part of the microcontroller, or in concert as will be described below.
A system of control of the letters in concert is illustrated in block diagram in Figure 3. Gas discharge tubes 6.0A - 60N are individually operated by drivers 62A - 62N, each as described above, wherein each of the drivers corresponds to a converter as described above and illustrated in Figure 1. Each of the drivers is controlled by a corresponding controller 64A - 64N.
Each of the controllers is comprised of a communications -~2200 021 controller 50 as described above and illustrated in Figure 2.
The F-X control lines of each of the controllers 64A - 64N connect, preferably via a S connector, to corresponding F-X control lines of a corresponding driver 62A - 62N. The I/O ports of the controllers are connected to a bus 66. Thus the microcontrollers 52 of the controllers 64A - 64N can communicate with each other via bus 66, and each controller can control a corresponding driver of a corresponding gas discharge tube 60A - 60N.
Preferably one of the controllers is programmed to be a master controller, continuously addressing and sending instructions to each of the other lS controllers, which act as slave controllers under control of the master controller. For example, the instructions sent to each of the other controllers can be a unit identification (address) number, a mode selection parameter value which identifies scripting and flashing features, and a rate parameter value for control of the rate of change of the individual mode selection.
The slave controller has its own unit number (address) stored in its EEPROM 51. It detects its own address in the data transmitted from the master controller, and if it has been addressed, loads the mode selection parameter value and the rate parameter value.
These values are stored in a random access memory (RAM) which is part of the microcontroller. If the RAM has some or all of the abovenoted values stored, the controller will cause the stored values to be substituted for those stored in EEPROM 51, and will control the corresponding driver via the F-X control line.
.
Of course, the master controller will also store values for its own driver, and similarly cause its own driver to control an associated gas discharge tube.
The master controller can be provided without S being connected to any signage, and acts primarily as a master controller for other controllers. It can be provided with a display to facilitate end-user slave programming and set up, diagnostics, etc.
In accordance with one embodiment, each of the controllers, once having received the values, operate independently to control an associated driver.
In accordance with another embodiment, the RAMs of the microcontrollers are programmed to wait for a "completion" byte from a pr~ce~ing controller before lS initiating a feature such as scripting feature, a flashing feature, etc.
For example, the master controller will cause its driver to operate its gas discharge tube to script.
Once the scripting function has completed (or at a predetermined point in its scripting cycle), a master microcontroller 52 will send a completion byte via bus 66 to the controller 64 next in address sequence, which will cause its driver to control its associated gas discharge tube to begin its scripting cycle. At the end of the scripting cycle or at a predetermined point in its scripting cycle, that controller sends to a controller 64 next in address sequence a completion byte, which causes the same sequence to continue with the next controller 64, etc. The final controller 64 sends a completion byte to the master controller, which causes the master controller to either begin the cycle anew, or to send a new set of values to the controllers 64 and then to begin the cycling as described.
In this manner all, some, or groups of the gas discharge tubes can be controlled with precision one relative to another, and can cause the initiation of an entire new type of feature display at the correct time relative to the completion of feature display of each of the gas discharge tubes.
S It should be noted that the addressing need not be numerically sequential, since the master controller can download to the controllers the addresses of any next controller to which a completion byte can be sent. Thus for example, the master controller can download to the controllers for gas discharge tubes that form the middle two letters of a word or group of words, the addresses of the controllers which control sign letters which are respectively earlier and later in the word or words, to download the addresses of the controllers which control signal letters which are next closest to the beginning and end of the word or words, etc. These downloaded addresses are used by the controllers as identifications of where to send the completion bytes. The result, for example, can be the operation of features such as scripting or flashing of letters of the sign beginning at the middle two letters and progressing outwardly toward the beginning and end of the sign.
It will be recognized that such special operation of the sign can appear to be faulty if one letter has completed operation of its feature and a lengthy period of time elapses before the next begins, or if a letter begins operation of its feature before another has finished. This is substantially avoided by the use of the embodiment just described, since the operation of a feature of a gas discharge tube of one letter will not begin until its controller has signalled that it has completed the feature or has reached an appropriate point in its operation, by means of the completion byte.
It will also be recogn;zed that gas discharge tubes can be driven in various groups, and the gas discharge tubes can be driven in any manner desired either singly or in groups, using any feature controlled S by programs stored in the microcontroller RAM or EEPROM, and enabled under control of the microcontroller as described above. This allows extremely versatile operation of the gas discharge tubes of a sign, with ease, under program control. Further, the same structure can be used to provide different features, which is useful for seasonal variation, if the shapes of the gas discharge tubes have changed, to update the "looks" of an existing sign, or for other purposes.
It should be noted that the controllers 64 can be created as plug-in units into motherboards supporting the drivers, wherein sockets on the motherboard connect to both the drivers and to the bus 66, the bus being connected from bus pins in the socket on each motherboard to similar pins in the sockets of other motherboards. When a driver is plugged into a socket, it thus is connected via the socket to both the bus and to the associated driver. This provides the effect of a driver being able to be operated independently of outside control if a controller is not plugged into the motherboard socket, or under control of a master controller and/or other controllers if a driver is plugged into a motherboard socket.
A person skilled in the art understanding the description above may now design variations, using the principles described herein. All are considered to be within the sphere and scope of the invention as defined in the claims appended hereto.
Controller 50 is an optional plug-in module.
Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM) 51 provides and stores the last user selected mode such that the main converter will re-start without requiring the end user to make any adjustments by instructing the microcontroller 52. The microcontroller 52 monitors all the activities and either receives or s emits the required signals through the F-X control line, the I/O port, audio port, mode switch, or rate and level controls, such that all programmed software features of the combined units are accomplished. The buffer and driver circuit 53 accepts control signals from the microcontroller 52 to drive the communications bus and to receive signal from the communications bus and forward same to the microcontroller 52. Isolators 54 transfer data between the I/O ports and circuit 53 while maintaining dielectric isolation. Wave shaper 56 receives an audio signal from the user interface and discriminates against unwanted portions of the supplied audio input. Isolator 57 receives the output of the wave shaper 56 and outputs a corresponding isolated signal to A/D converter 55, which accepts analog audio inputs and converts them to binary code for the microcontroller 52.
Each of the gas discharge tubes of a sign may be controlled in a separate manner, for example under control of data stored in EEPROM 51 or in a random access memory (RAM) which is part of the microcontroller, or in concert as will be described below.
A system of control of the letters in concert is illustrated in block diagram in Figure 3. Gas discharge tubes 6.0A - 60N are individually operated by drivers 62A - 62N, each as described above, wherein each of the drivers corresponds to a converter as described above and illustrated in Figure 1. Each of the drivers is controlled by a corresponding controller 64A - 64N.
Each of the controllers is comprised of a communications -~2200 021 controller 50 as described above and illustrated in Figure 2.
The F-X control lines of each of the controllers 64A - 64N connect, preferably via a S connector, to corresponding F-X control lines of a corresponding driver 62A - 62N. The I/O ports of the controllers are connected to a bus 66. Thus the microcontrollers 52 of the controllers 64A - 64N can communicate with each other via bus 66, and each controller can control a corresponding driver of a corresponding gas discharge tube 60A - 60N.
Preferably one of the controllers is programmed to be a master controller, continuously addressing and sending instructions to each of the other lS controllers, which act as slave controllers under control of the master controller. For example, the instructions sent to each of the other controllers can be a unit identification (address) number, a mode selection parameter value which identifies scripting and flashing features, and a rate parameter value for control of the rate of change of the individual mode selection.
The slave controller has its own unit number (address) stored in its EEPROM 51. It detects its own address in the data transmitted from the master controller, and if it has been addressed, loads the mode selection parameter value and the rate parameter value.
These values are stored in a random access memory (RAM) which is part of the microcontroller. If the RAM has some or all of the abovenoted values stored, the controller will cause the stored values to be substituted for those stored in EEPROM 51, and will control the corresponding driver via the F-X control line.
.
Of course, the master controller will also store values for its own driver, and similarly cause its own driver to control an associated gas discharge tube.
The master controller can be provided without S being connected to any signage, and acts primarily as a master controller for other controllers. It can be provided with a display to facilitate end-user slave programming and set up, diagnostics, etc.
In accordance with one embodiment, each of the controllers, once having received the values, operate independently to control an associated driver.
In accordance with another embodiment, the RAMs of the microcontrollers are programmed to wait for a "completion" byte from a pr~ce~ing controller before lS initiating a feature such as scripting feature, a flashing feature, etc.
For example, the master controller will cause its driver to operate its gas discharge tube to script.
Once the scripting function has completed (or at a predetermined point in its scripting cycle), a master microcontroller 52 will send a completion byte via bus 66 to the controller 64 next in address sequence, which will cause its driver to control its associated gas discharge tube to begin its scripting cycle. At the end of the scripting cycle or at a predetermined point in its scripting cycle, that controller sends to a controller 64 next in address sequence a completion byte, which causes the same sequence to continue with the next controller 64, etc. The final controller 64 sends a completion byte to the master controller, which causes the master controller to either begin the cycle anew, or to send a new set of values to the controllers 64 and then to begin the cycling as described.
In this manner all, some, or groups of the gas discharge tubes can be controlled with precision one relative to another, and can cause the initiation of an entire new type of feature display at the correct time relative to the completion of feature display of each of the gas discharge tubes.
S It should be noted that the addressing need not be numerically sequential, since the master controller can download to the controllers the addresses of any next controller to which a completion byte can be sent. Thus for example, the master controller can download to the controllers for gas discharge tubes that form the middle two letters of a word or group of words, the addresses of the controllers which control sign letters which are respectively earlier and later in the word or words, to download the addresses of the controllers which control signal letters which are next closest to the beginning and end of the word or words, etc. These downloaded addresses are used by the controllers as identifications of where to send the completion bytes. The result, for example, can be the operation of features such as scripting or flashing of letters of the sign beginning at the middle two letters and progressing outwardly toward the beginning and end of the sign.
It will be recognized that such special operation of the sign can appear to be faulty if one letter has completed operation of its feature and a lengthy period of time elapses before the next begins, or if a letter begins operation of its feature before another has finished. This is substantially avoided by the use of the embodiment just described, since the operation of a feature of a gas discharge tube of one letter will not begin until its controller has signalled that it has completed the feature or has reached an appropriate point in its operation, by means of the completion byte.
It will also be recogn;zed that gas discharge tubes can be driven in various groups, and the gas discharge tubes can be driven in any manner desired either singly or in groups, using any feature controlled S by programs stored in the microcontroller RAM or EEPROM, and enabled under control of the microcontroller as described above. This allows extremely versatile operation of the gas discharge tubes of a sign, with ease, under program control. Further, the same structure can be used to provide different features, which is useful for seasonal variation, if the shapes of the gas discharge tubes have changed, to update the "looks" of an existing sign, or for other purposes.
It should be noted that the controllers 64 can be created as plug-in units into motherboards supporting the drivers, wherein sockets on the motherboard connect to both the drivers and to the bus 66, the bus being connected from bus pins in the socket on each motherboard to similar pins in the sockets of other motherboards. When a driver is plugged into a socket, it thus is connected via the socket to both the bus and to the associated driver. This provides the effect of a driver being able to be operated independently of outside control if a controller is not plugged into the motherboard socket, or under control of a master controller and/or other controllers if a driver is plugged into a motherboard socket.
A person skilled in the art understanding the description above may now design variations, using the principles described herein. All are considered to be within the sphere and scope of the invention as defined in the claims appended hereto.
Claims (5)
1. A system for controlling signage comprised of plural gas discharge lamps, comprising a ballast associated with each gas discharge tube, each ballast comprising a variable voltage converter unit coupled to a gas discharge tube and a communication module, means for transmitting control signals between said ballasts via said communication modules for controlling said converters and thus controlling operation of said gas discharge lamps to provide special display effects.
2. A system as defined in claim 1 including at least one controller for storing a control program and for transmitting control signals resulting therefrom to at least one of said ballasts.
3. A system as defined in claim 2 in which each ballast includes at least one of said controllers for generating and receiving communication signals from others of said controllers in other ballasts and for controlling an associated variable voltage converter unit.
4. A ballast circuit for gas discharge lamps used in signage comprising a variable voltage converter, and a replaceable module for controlling a variable output voltage of said main converter, for providing special effects in the signage.
5. A ballast as defined in claim 4 including means in said module for providing communication between corresponding modules in other ballast circuits whereby said ballasts can be controlled to control said special effects.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002200021A CA2200021A1 (en) | 1997-03-14 | 1997-03-14 | Ballast for gas discharge tubing |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002200021A CA2200021A1 (en) | 1997-03-14 | 1997-03-14 | Ballast for gas discharge tubing |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2200021A1 true CA2200021A1 (en) | 1998-09-14 |
Family
ID=4160176
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002200021A Abandoned CA2200021A1 (en) | 1997-03-14 | 1997-03-14 | Ballast for gas discharge tubing |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2200021A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6333605B1 (en) | 1999-11-02 | 2001-12-25 | Energy Savings, Inc. | Light modulating electronic ballast |
-
1997
- 1997-03-14 CA CA002200021A patent/CA2200021A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6333605B1 (en) | 1999-11-02 | 2001-12-25 | Energy Savings, Inc. | Light modulating electronic ballast |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued |