CA2174372A1 - Livestock waterer - Google Patents
Livestock watererInfo
- Publication number
- CA2174372A1 CA2174372A1 CA002174372A CA2174372A CA2174372A1 CA 2174372 A1 CA2174372 A1 CA 2174372A1 CA 002174372 A CA002174372 A CA 002174372A CA 2174372 A CA2174372 A CA 2174372A CA 2174372 A1 CA2174372 A1 CA 2174372A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- recited
- bucket
- shell
- density
- waterer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005791 algae growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008642 heat stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The livestock waterer is sufficiently insulated for cool or hot-weather applications, and avoids double-wall construction while still providing sufficient structural integrity and strength. The waterer uses a single-walled structure, with the shell having a solid high density plastic outer layer, and an integrally-bonded inner foamed plastic insulating layer of substantially lower density. The waterer has a generally-enclosed reservoir defined by a plastic shell, the shell having at least one bucket defined in an upper surface thereof extending below a nominal waterline. Each bucket has at least one opening communicating with the reservoir to receive water therefrom and at least one insulated access door across an upper portion thereof, depressable by an animal to gain access to water in the bucket. A float valve or the like maintains the water level. Preferably, the outer layer is high density polyethylene, and the inner layer is closed-cell foamed polyethylene having one-quarter or less of the density of the outer layer. Preferably, the shell is not more than one inch thick, and the inner layer accounts for most of the thickness. Preferably, each bucket is supported at a bottom edge thereof at least at several points around the bottom edge, by projections defined in the bottom of unit's shell. Preferably, these supports are inseparable from the buckets.
Description
` ~174372 This invention relates to livestock waterers.
Livestock waterers, where an insulated reservoir is kept full of water, and where an animal can get at that water by dislodging an insulated door, are already well known. Such waterers can be seen in earlier patents such as United States patent nos. 3,745,977, 4,320,720, 4,559,905 and 4,953,507, for example.
Such w~lc~ are well-suited to cold-weather use, and are sometimes referred to as "energy-free" W~l~lG1~ since there is generally no need to add energy via an immersion heater or otherwise in order to prevent the water from freezing.
However, the waterers are relatively bulky, in view of the required amount of insulation. Typically, the waterer is double-walled, with foam insulation injected between the walls. This double-walled insulated construction adds to weight and cost, and reduces potential water capacity for a given unit size, due to the wall thickness.
The conventional energy-free waterers can be used for hot-weather applications as well, but they are not optimally configured for such use. There is much more insulation than is really necessary, since the dirrelclllial tclllpel~Lules in hot weather applications are much less than in cold weather applications. However, there is still a need for insulation, since cool water avoids heat stress, is generally healthier for the animals and is known to improve milk output in the case of dairy cattle, and better growth in the case of beef cattle. Keeping the water cool also avoids algae growth.
An obvious way of achieving reduced insulation would be to simply omit or reduce the amount of foam insulation between the walls. However, this would mean that the unit would still have the same capacity, with less structural strength.
Another obvious way of achieving reduced insulation would be to go to a single-walled structure. However, it has not hitherto been possible to do so, without unduly sacrificing insulation and structural strength.
In view of the above, it is an object of the invention to provide a livestock waterer which is sufficiently insulated for cool or hot-weather applications, and which avoids double-wall construction while still providing sufficient structural integrity and strength. The unit may not have sufficient insulation for truly cold weather applications, although simple heating means could be added if desired.
` 2174372 In the invention, a single-walled structure is provided, with the wall having a solid high density plastic outer layer, and an integrally-bonded inner foamed plastic layer of substantially lower density. The waterer has a generally-enclosed reservoir defined by a plastic shell, the shell having at least one bucket defined in an upper surface thereof extending below a nominal waterline. Each bucket has at least one opening communicating with the reservoir to receive water therefrom, and at least one insulated access door across an upper portion thereof, depressable by an animal to gain access to water in the bucket. The water level is m~int~ined by level-sensing valve means, such as a conventional float valve, connectable to a water supply.
Preferably but not necess~rily, the outer layer is high density polyethylene, and the inner layer is closed-cell foamed polyethylene having one-quarter or less ofthe density ofthe outer layer. Preferably, the shell is not more than one inch thick, and the inner layer accounts for most of the thickness.
Preferably, each bucket is supported by post means at a bottom edge thereof at least at several points around the bottom edge, the post means being defined by portions of the shell ext~nclin~ upwardly from a bottom surface thereof. Preferably, the post means are inseparable from the buckets.
The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings of the plerelled embodiments by way of example, in which:
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment;
Fig. 2 is a perspective view as in Fig. 1, but cut open to show the internal construction;
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the top of the unit, with the upper cover plate removed;
Fig. 4 is a top view of the unit, again with the cover plate removed;
Fig. 5 is a side view of the unit;
Fig. 6 is a side elevation corresponding to Fig. 5, but in section;
Fig. 7 is a cross-section in the area of the top plate;
Fig. 8 is a plan view in cross-section near the bottom of unit;
Fig. 9 is a typical cross-section of the wall of the unit, showing its two-layerconstruction;
Fig. 10 is a cross-section showing the unit as installed;
Fig. 11 is a perspective view of an alternative, larger embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 12 is a plan view of the alternative embodiment;
Fig. 13 is an end elevation of the unit, in cross-section;
Fig. 14 is a side elevation ofthe unit, in cross-section;
Fig. 15 is a cross-section; and Fig. 16 is a plan view of the unit, in cross-section.
Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the unit 1, which is formed from a rotationally molded shell 2 which defines a water reservoir 3. Two "buckets" 4 are defined by depressions in the upper surface of the unit. The buckets have openings 5 cut in the bottom thereof after molding, to allow water to rise into the buckets from the reservoir once the reservoir is filled.
Insulated doors 6 float on the water, and the z~nim~ can gain access to the water simply by de~r~ssillg the doors. Chains 7 retain the doors. The reservoir is kept full by a water supply line 8 which is fitted with a float valve 9 operated by a float 10. This overall structure, in broad general terms, is conventional.
There are a number of features which distinguish the invention from the conventional prior art units. The principal difference is that the unit is single-walled instead of being double-walled with insulation between the walls. It was previously thought that such a unit would have neither sufficient structural strength and rigidity, nor suff1cient insulation. However, the novel construction employed in the invention does provide sufficient strength, rigidity and insulation.
A main feature is that the shell of the unit (i.e. the bottom, wall and top) is of two layers, namely an outer layer 11 and an inner layer 12, bonded to or integral with each other, as illustrated in Fig. 9. In the plel~lled embodiment, the outer layer is approximately 1/8 inch thick, while the inner layer is approximately 5/8 thick, for a total wall thickness of approximately 3/4 inches. The outer layer is full density, i.e. typically about 50 lbs./ft3, while the inner insulating layer is of greatly reduced density, e.g. typically but not necess~rily less than about 1/4 of the density of the outer layer, and typically about 8 lbs./ft3 in the preferred embodiment. The outer layer is preferably but not necess~rily high density polyethylene, while the inner layer is preferably but not necessarily closed-cell foamed polyethylene.
- 217~372 It should be understood that the above dimensions are typical only, and there isno reason why these dimensions need to be followed precisely. Nor do the above densities and m~t~ need to be followed precisely. All that is essential is that there be a dense outer layer and a substantially less dense insulating layer. The overall wall thickness is typically but not 5 necessarily less than one inch, in comparison with the typical wall thickness of two inches or more in the prior art units of double-wall construction with foamed insulation in between.
Another main feature is that each bucket 4 is supported at bottom edge by posts 13 (preferably at least three per bucket), which are defined by depressions or dimples in the bottom of the unit, produced by protrusions from the mold. These posts provide support for the 10 buckets, so that the buckets in effect act as pillars, i.e. there is structural continuity from the bottom of the unit through to the top, via the posts and walls of the buckets. The posts preferably are integral with the buckets, so that the buckets cannot slide laterally relative to the posts. Thus the mold is preferably constructed with a sufficiently small clearance so that the plastic fills in the area between the buckets and the posts.
The buckets neces~nly are tapered; the doors 6 are smaller in diameter than the bottom of the bucket, so that they can't become wedged in the buckets.
Preferably, the unit is white in color, so as not to absorb energy in hot weather applications.
The unit is lower in cost than conventional units because there is only one wall, and because there is no thick foam filling. The unit is also considerably lighter than conventional waterers, e.g. typically 24 pounds vs. typically 65 pounds, for a unit with up to 30% greater capacity.
The upper cover 14,~as seen in Fig. 7, has a rubber gasket 15 mounted around theperiphery thereof to seal the opening which leads to the valve.
Fig. 10 illustrates a typical installation. The water supply line 8 is routed up to the float valve 9 through a polyethylene standpipe 16, which is shrink-fitted into a collar 17 at the bottom of the unit, through a hole cut after molding. Details of the routing and connection of the water supply line to the valve are not illustrated, but are entirely conventional. An insulated earth tube 18 having a 12-inch diameter is optionally provided, particularly to guard against freezing in cool or cold weather applications. The unit itself preferably sits on a poured concrete or concrete tile pad 19.
A drain hole 20 preferably is provided if it becomes necessary or desirable to drain the unit. A rubber cork or the like (not shown) is provided to seal the drain hole.
The above embodiment can be described as a lx2, or 2-hole unit. It should be clear that other arrangements could readily be built, including, single home units, or virtually any 5 other units such as 2x2, 2x3, etc..
In addition to such units having individual buckets, Figs. 11 to 16 illustrate a unit in which the buckets, instead of being generally circular, are elongated to accommodate more than one animal. In the unit as illustrated, each bucket has two access doors 6 on either side of the unit (i.e. four doors in total. The doors are kept in their proper orientation by virtue of guide 10 rails 22, the doors being provided with corresponding guide slots. Again, chains 7 are provided to retain the doors.
The f lntl~ment~l principles of the waterer remain the same, i.e. the two-layered shell constuction is m~int~ined, and the buckets 4 are supported by a plurality of posts 13.
Regardless of the actual configuration, the units have in common the single wall15 construction with outer and inner layers, and buckets which are supported by posts projecting from the bottom of the unit. The double-layer construction provides sufficient insulation for hot and cool weather applications, as well as providing a certain degree of strength and rigidity. The bucket and post arrangement augments the strength and rigidity to a highly desirable degree, without which the strength and rigidity might be marginal.
Livestock waterers, where an insulated reservoir is kept full of water, and where an animal can get at that water by dislodging an insulated door, are already well known. Such waterers can be seen in earlier patents such as United States patent nos. 3,745,977, 4,320,720, 4,559,905 and 4,953,507, for example.
Such w~lc~ are well-suited to cold-weather use, and are sometimes referred to as "energy-free" W~l~lG1~ since there is generally no need to add energy via an immersion heater or otherwise in order to prevent the water from freezing.
However, the waterers are relatively bulky, in view of the required amount of insulation. Typically, the waterer is double-walled, with foam insulation injected between the walls. This double-walled insulated construction adds to weight and cost, and reduces potential water capacity for a given unit size, due to the wall thickness.
The conventional energy-free waterers can be used for hot-weather applications as well, but they are not optimally configured for such use. There is much more insulation than is really necessary, since the dirrelclllial tclllpel~Lules in hot weather applications are much less than in cold weather applications. However, there is still a need for insulation, since cool water avoids heat stress, is generally healthier for the animals and is known to improve milk output in the case of dairy cattle, and better growth in the case of beef cattle. Keeping the water cool also avoids algae growth.
An obvious way of achieving reduced insulation would be to simply omit or reduce the amount of foam insulation between the walls. However, this would mean that the unit would still have the same capacity, with less structural strength.
Another obvious way of achieving reduced insulation would be to go to a single-walled structure. However, it has not hitherto been possible to do so, without unduly sacrificing insulation and structural strength.
In view of the above, it is an object of the invention to provide a livestock waterer which is sufficiently insulated for cool or hot-weather applications, and which avoids double-wall construction while still providing sufficient structural integrity and strength. The unit may not have sufficient insulation for truly cold weather applications, although simple heating means could be added if desired.
` 2174372 In the invention, a single-walled structure is provided, with the wall having a solid high density plastic outer layer, and an integrally-bonded inner foamed plastic layer of substantially lower density. The waterer has a generally-enclosed reservoir defined by a plastic shell, the shell having at least one bucket defined in an upper surface thereof extending below a nominal waterline. Each bucket has at least one opening communicating with the reservoir to receive water therefrom, and at least one insulated access door across an upper portion thereof, depressable by an animal to gain access to water in the bucket. The water level is m~int~ined by level-sensing valve means, such as a conventional float valve, connectable to a water supply.
Preferably but not necess~rily, the outer layer is high density polyethylene, and the inner layer is closed-cell foamed polyethylene having one-quarter or less ofthe density ofthe outer layer. Preferably, the shell is not more than one inch thick, and the inner layer accounts for most of the thickness.
Preferably, each bucket is supported by post means at a bottom edge thereof at least at several points around the bottom edge, the post means being defined by portions of the shell ext~nclin~ upwardly from a bottom surface thereof. Preferably, the post means are inseparable from the buckets.
The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings of the plerelled embodiments by way of example, in which:
Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment;
Fig. 2 is a perspective view as in Fig. 1, but cut open to show the internal construction;
Fig. 3 is a perspective view of the top of the unit, with the upper cover plate removed;
Fig. 4 is a top view of the unit, again with the cover plate removed;
Fig. 5 is a side view of the unit;
Fig. 6 is a side elevation corresponding to Fig. 5, but in section;
Fig. 7 is a cross-section in the area of the top plate;
Fig. 8 is a plan view in cross-section near the bottom of unit;
Fig. 9 is a typical cross-section of the wall of the unit, showing its two-layerconstruction;
Fig. 10 is a cross-section showing the unit as installed;
Fig. 11 is a perspective view of an alternative, larger embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 12 is a plan view of the alternative embodiment;
Fig. 13 is an end elevation of the unit, in cross-section;
Fig. 14 is a side elevation ofthe unit, in cross-section;
Fig. 15 is a cross-section; and Fig. 16 is a plan view of the unit, in cross-section.
Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the unit 1, which is formed from a rotationally molded shell 2 which defines a water reservoir 3. Two "buckets" 4 are defined by depressions in the upper surface of the unit. The buckets have openings 5 cut in the bottom thereof after molding, to allow water to rise into the buckets from the reservoir once the reservoir is filled.
Insulated doors 6 float on the water, and the z~nim~ can gain access to the water simply by de~r~ssillg the doors. Chains 7 retain the doors. The reservoir is kept full by a water supply line 8 which is fitted with a float valve 9 operated by a float 10. This overall structure, in broad general terms, is conventional.
There are a number of features which distinguish the invention from the conventional prior art units. The principal difference is that the unit is single-walled instead of being double-walled with insulation between the walls. It was previously thought that such a unit would have neither sufficient structural strength and rigidity, nor suff1cient insulation. However, the novel construction employed in the invention does provide sufficient strength, rigidity and insulation.
A main feature is that the shell of the unit (i.e. the bottom, wall and top) is of two layers, namely an outer layer 11 and an inner layer 12, bonded to or integral with each other, as illustrated in Fig. 9. In the plel~lled embodiment, the outer layer is approximately 1/8 inch thick, while the inner layer is approximately 5/8 thick, for a total wall thickness of approximately 3/4 inches. The outer layer is full density, i.e. typically about 50 lbs./ft3, while the inner insulating layer is of greatly reduced density, e.g. typically but not necess~rily less than about 1/4 of the density of the outer layer, and typically about 8 lbs./ft3 in the preferred embodiment. The outer layer is preferably but not necess~rily high density polyethylene, while the inner layer is preferably but not necessarily closed-cell foamed polyethylene.
- 217~372 It should be understood that the above dimensions are typical only, and there isno reason why these dimensions need to be followed precisely. Nor do the above densities and m~t~ need to be followed precisely. All that is essential is that there be a dense outer layer and a substantially less dense insulating layer. The overall wall thickness is typically but not 5 necessarily less than one inch, in comparison with the typical wall thickness of two inches or more in the prior art units of double-wall construction with foamed insulation in between.
Another main feature is that each bucket 4 is supported at bottom edge by posts 13 (preferably at least three per bucket), which are defined by depressions or dimples in the bottom of the unit, produced by protrusions from the mold. These posts provide support for the 10 buckets, so that the buckets in effect act as pillars, i.e. there is structural continuity from the bottom of the unit through to the top, via the posts and walls of the buckets. The posts preferably are integral with the buckets, so that the buckets cannot slide laterally relative to the posts. Thus the mold is preferably constructed with a sufficiently small clearance so that the plastic fills in the area between the buckets and the posts.
The buckets neces~nly are tapered; the doors 6 are smaller in diameter than the bottom of the bucket, so that they can't become wedged in the buckets.
Preferably, the unit is white in color, so as not to absorb energy in hot weather applications.
The unit is lower in cost than conventional units because there is only one wall, and because there is no thick foam filling. The unit is also considerably lighter than conventional waterers, e.g. typically 24 pounds vs. typically 65 pounds, for a unit with up to 30% greater capacity.
The upper cover 14,~as seen in Fig. 7, has a rubber gasket 15 mounted around theperiphery thereof to seal the opening which leads to the valve.
Fig. 10 illustrates a typical installation. The water supply line 8 is routed up to the float valve 9 through a polyethylene standpipe 16, which is shrink-fitted into a collar 17 at the bottom of the unit, through a hole cut after molding. Details of the routing and connection of the water supply line to the valve are not illustrated, but are entirely conventional. An insulated earth tube 18 having a 12-inch diameter is optionally provided, particularly to guard against freezing in cool or cold weather applications. The unit itself preferably sits on a poured concrete or concrete tile pad 19.
A drain hole 20 preferably is provided if it becomes necessary or desirable to drain the unit. A rubber cork or the like (not shown) is provided to seal the drain hole.
The above embodiment can be described as a lx2, or 2-hole unit. It should be clear that other arrangements could readily be built, including, single home units, or virtually any 5 other units such as 2x2, 2x3, etc..
In addition to such units having individual buckets, Figs. 11 to 16 illustrate a unit in which the buckets, instead of being generally circular, are elongated to accommodate more than one animal. In the unit as illustrated, each bucket has two access doors 6 on either side of the unit (i.e. four doors in total. The doors are kept in their proper orientation by virtue of guide 10 rails 22, the doors being provided with corresponding guide slots. Again, chains 7 are provided to retain the doors.
The f lntl~ment~l principles of the waterer remain the same, i.e. the two-layered shell constuction is m~int~ined, and the buckets 4 are supported by a plurality of posts 13.
Regardless of the actual configuration, the units have in common the single wall15 construction with outer and inner layers, and buckets which are supported by posts projecting from the bottom of the unit. The double-layer construction provides sufficient insulation for hot and cool weather applications, as well as providing a certain degree of strength and rigidity. The bucket and post arrangement augments the strength and rigidity to a highly desirable degree, without which the strength and rigidity might be marginal.
Claims (20)
OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. A livestock waterer, comprising:
a generally-enclosed reservoir defined by a plastic shell, said shell having at least one bucket defined in an upper surface thereof extending below a nominal waterline, each said bucket having at least one opening communicating with said reservoir to receive water therefrom by gravity and having at least one insulated access door across an upper portion thereof, depressable by an animal to gain access to water in said bucket; and level-sensing valve means connectable to a water supply to maintain water in said reservoir at said nominal waterline;
in which said shell comprises two layers, namely an outer layer and an inner layer, bonded to or integral with each other, said outer layer being a high density plastic, and said inner layer being a substantially lower density insulating layer.
a generally-enclosed reservoir defined by a plastic shell, said shell having at least one bucket defined in an upper surface thereof extending below a nominal waterline, each said bucket having at least one opening communicating with said reservoir to receive water therefrom by gravity and having at least one insulated access door across an upper portion thereof, depressable by an animal to gain access to water in said bucket; and level-sensing valve means connectable to a water supply to maintain water in said reservoir at said nominal waterline;
in which said shell comprises two layers, namely an outer layer and an inner layer, bonded to or integral with each other, said outer layer being a high density plastic, and said inner layer being a substantially lower density insulating layer.
2. A livestock waterer as recited in claim 1, in which said outer layer is high density polyethylene, and said inner layer is closed-cell foamed polyethylene.
3. A livestock waterer as recited in claim 2, in which said shell is not more than one inch thick, and in which said inner layer accounts for most of said thickness.
4. A livestock waterer as recited in claim 3, in which said outer layer is approximately 1/8 inch thick and said inner layer is approximately 5/8 thick.
5. A livestock waterer as recited in claim 1, where said inner layer is less than one-quarter the density of said outer layer.
6. A livestock waterer as recited in claim 5, where said outer layer has a density of about 50 lbs./ft3, and said inner layer has a density of less than about 12.5 lbs./ft3.
7. A livestock waterer as recited in claim 6, where said outer layer has a density of about 50 lbs./ft3, and said inner layer has a density of about 8 lbs./ft3.
8. A livestock waterer as recited in claim 2, where said inner layer is less than one-quarter the density of said outer layer.
9. A livestock waterer as recited in claim 8, where said outer layer has a density of about 50 lbs./ft3, and said inner layer has a density of less than about 12.5 lbs./ft3.
10. A livestock waterer as recited in claim 9, where said outer layer has a density of about 50 lbs./ft3, and said inner layer has a density of about 8 lbs./ft3.
11. A livestock waterer as recited in claim 1, where each said bucket is supported by post means at a bottom edge thereof at least at several points around said bottom edge, said post means being defined by portions of said shell extending upwardly from a bottom surface of said shell.
12. A livestock waterer as recited in claim 11, where said post means are inseparable from each said bucket.
13. A livestock waterer as recited in claim 2, where each said bucket is supported by post means at a bottom edge thereof at least at several points around said bottom edge, said post means being defined by portions of said shell extending upwardly from a bottom surface of said shell.
14. A livestock waterer as recited in claim 13, where said post means are inseparable from each said bucket.
15. A livestock waterer as recited in claim 3, where each said bucket is supported by post means at a bottom edge thereof at least at several points around said bottom edge, said post means being defined by portions of said shell extending upwardly from a bottom surface of said shell.
16. A livestock waterer as recited in claim 15, where said post means are inseparable from each said bucket.
17. A livestock waterer as recited in claim 5, where each said bucket is supported by post means at a bottom edge thereof at least at several points around said bottom edge, said post means being defined by portions of said shell extending upwardly from a bottom surface of said shell.
18. A livestock waterer as recited in claim 17, where said post means are inseparable from each said bucket.
19. A livestock waterer as recited in claim 8, where each said bucket is supported by post means at a bottom edge thereof at least at several points around said bottom edge, said post means being defined by portions of said shell extending upwardly from a bottom surface of said shell.
20. A livestock waterer as recited in claim 19, where said post means are inseparable from each said bucket.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US60052396A | 1996-02-13 | 1996-02-13 | |
| US08/600,523 | 1996-02-13 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2174372A1 true CA2174372A1 (en) | 1997-08-14 |
Family
ID=24403939
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002174372A Abandoned CA2174372A1 (en) | 1996-02-13 | 1996-04-17 | Livestock waterer |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA2174372A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102480927A (en) * | 2009-07-16 | 2012-05-30 | 希尔提株式会社 | Automatic warm and clean water supply apparatus for livestock |
| US11653626B2 (en) | 2019-12-10 | 2023-05-23 | Terence Fraser Lee SMITH | Livestock watering apparatus |
-
1996
- 1996-04-17 CA CA002174372A patent/CA2174372A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102480927A (en) * | 2009-07-16 | 2012-05-30 | 希尔提株式会社 | Automatic warm and clean water supply apparatus for livestock |
| US11653626B2 (en) | 2019-12-10 | 2023-05-23 | Terence Fraser Lee SMITH | Livestock watering apparatus |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| FZDE | Discontinued | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 20010417 |