CA2165277C - Method and apparatus for personal attribute selection and management using prediction - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for personal attribute selection and management using prediction

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Publication number
CA2165277C
CA2165277C CA002165277A CA2165277A CA2165277C CA 2165277 C CA2165277 C CA 2165277C CA 002165277 A CA002165277 A CA 002165277A CA 2165277 A CA2165277 A CA 2165277A CA 2165277 C CA2165277 C CA 2165277C
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CA
Canada
Prior art keywords
preferences
donor
user
donor device
application device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CA002165277A
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
CA2165277A1 (en
Inventor
William Frank Zancho
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Motorola Solutions Inc
Original Assignee
Motorola Inc
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Publication date
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Publication of CA2165277A1 publication Critical patent/CA2165277A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CA2165277C publication Critical patent/CA2165277C/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W8/00Network data management
    • H04W8/18Processing of user or subscriber data, e.g. subscribed services, user preferences or user profiles; Transfer of user or subscriber data
    • H04W8/20Transfer of user or subscriber data
    • H04W8/205Transfer to or from user equipment or user record carrier
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/247Telephone sets including user guidance or feature selection means facilitating their use
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/72Mobile telephones; Cordless telephones, i.e. devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route selection
    • H04M1/724User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones
    • H04M1/72403User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for local support of applications that increase the functionality
    • H04M1/72406User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for local support of applications that increase the functionality by software upgrading or downloading
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/72Mobile telephones; Cordless telephones, i.e. devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route selection
    • H04M1/724User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones
    • H04M1/72448User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for adapting the functionality of the device according to specific conditions
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04MTELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M2250/00Details of telephonic subscriber devices
    • H04M2250/14Details of telephonic subscriber devices including a card reading device
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W76/00Connection management
    • H04W76/20Manipulation of established connections
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W92/00Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
    • H04W92/16Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices
    • H04W92/18Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices between terminal devices

Abstract

An application device (401) is connectable with a donor device (541) such as a portable memory card (560) or widely accessible central database (550). The donor device (541) stores and provides preferences to the application device (401). The donor device (541) contains a reference preference memory capable of storing preferences for a particular user. A
controller (450) accesses the donor device to obtain preferences that pertain to the particular user under certain conditions and stores preferences obtained from the donor device in the session preference memory (490) of the application device (401) for use in a session by the particular user. The preferences can be established based on previously stored preference information using a prediction procedure.

Description

216S27'7 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PERSONAL ATTRIBUTE
SELECTION AND MANAGEMENT USING PREDICTION

Back~round of the Invention Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an attribute system and, more particularly, relates to devices and associated methods for selecting and 0 managing personal attributes.

Description of the Related Art A human interfaces with many devices throughout his life; Some 5 require him to deal with the device in many different situations. An individual tends to be more friendly and efficient if the way he interfaces with the devices and tools that he encounters in his daily life in different situations are friendly and familiar to him.
Some cellular telephones are capable of receiving a subscriber 20 identification module (SIM) or a SIM card which contains user identification and accounting information as well as authorization to network features and functionality. In addition, the subscriber identification module can contain a list of frequently used telephone numbers. However, their list of frequently used telephone numbers does 25 not promote the most friendly and efficient interface to a cellular telephone. A subscriber irlterface or system for providing the most friendly and efficient interface for an individual and a device such as a cellular telephone is nee-le~.

- ~ -2- 2 1 6 ~ 2 7 7 Some models of automobiles allow the storage of seat and mirror position ~rererences for a limite~ number of particular d~ivels. This information is programmed and stored within the vehicle. The seat and mirror position ple~ ces are activated by the driver identifying himself, ~.~.
such as by the key a particular user uses to unlock a vehicle. The seat and mirror position prefel~e,lces reside in the vehicle because they are programmed into a memory in the vehicle. Thus, when the driver enters another programmahle vehicle, such as a rental car, the driver must reestablish his position ~refeLences.
0 Some time-share computers allow each individual user to store his screen characteristics in a centralized memory so that the user can access this familiar interface on any terminal interfaced to the computer. When the user logs on to a similar but non~ ercollllected time-sharing computer system he must use the default setup or reprogram his ~re~elled screen characteristics.
These examples of user ~refelence programming require that the user reprogram new models of equipment encountered by the user. For example, when a user encounters a public telephone in a taxicab or an airplane or when a user purchases a new commllnication device, the most friendly and efficient interface cannot be easily obtained and established for that individual on that device at that instant. No mechanism exists to establish and manage ~re~rences compatible with all new models of various types of telephone, automobile, computer or other type of conformable equipment.

Brief Description of the D,~,.. ;..~;

FIGS. 1-5 illustrate various application devices capable of accepting a portable donor device according to embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 6 illustrates communication between application devices to share ~refeL~llces therebetween according to other embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 7 illustrates communication between application devices over a network according to a further embodiment of the present invention;
o FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an application device having multiple connectivity options according to the present invention;
FIG. 9 illustrates a memory within a exemplary application device - according to the present invention;
FIG. 10 illustrates a memory within a exemplary donor device according to the present invention;
FIG. 11 illustrates an embodiment of a data structure for a refelence prefel~llce memory according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 illustrates a block diagram showing information transfer among an application device and a donor device according to the present invention;
FIG. 13 illustrates an apparatus for storing and predicting prefel~llces according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIGS. 14-16 illustrate a flow chart realizing a method for obtaining ~ref~l~nces when new ~refeL~l,ces are needed according to the present invention;
FIG. 17 illustrates a flow chart for updating ~efeLellces according to the present invention; and FIG. 18 illustrates- a flow chart for user initiation of the update of non-application specific pleferellces.

Detailed Description of the rlef~lled Embo~liments The foregoing and other problems can be solved by the personal attribute selection and management system of the present invention. A
user of multiple application devices can keep the user's ~refer~,lces in a convenient location for use by the multiple application devices. Such preferences can be stored and accessed by multiple devices in a number of ways in both time and space. A non-application device such as a portable o memory card or widely accessible central database can serve as a donor device to store and provide ~,efere,lces to application devices. Application devices containing the donor device function can also serve as a donor device and communicate with other application devices. Real time access can be provided through a network to a user's refere,lce ~rerele,lce set in a rererence prefele,lce memory located, in any convenient application or donor device. PlereLences can thus be conveniently established for users who encounter a new model of conformable equipment through a seamless or ubiquitous interface to a device.
FIG. 1 illustrates an application device such as a cellular telephone 101 capable of accepting a portable donor device 105 such as a smart card or memory card. FIG. 2 illustrates an application device such as desk phone 111 capable of accepting a portable donor device 105, and FIGS. 3-5 illustrate application devices such as a personal computer 121, a personal organizer 131, and a dashboard 141 of an automobile capable of acc~ling a portable donor device 105.
The portable donor device 105 contains a single user's ~rerele,lces to be used with any one of these a~ro~;ately equipped application devices.
When the donor device 105 is inserted and ~lero~erates with an a~ro~,iately equipped application device, ~rere~ ,lces established through 5 21(~277 sessions with this application device or other application devices, similar -~-in nature, are used to define the attributes for this application device.
Through this mechanism, the user needs only to establish his interface ~rerel~nces once. Those ~references for attributes which are common to multiple application devices are automatically reusable.
Those ~re~lences for attributes which are similar but not in common to other application devices can be used to either predict or propose ~re~erences for those other application devices.
The cellular telephone 101, desk phone 111, personal computer 121, 0 personal organizer 131, and dashboard 141, have certain attributes common to all these devices. Preferellces for an individual user collesponding to these attributes can be stored on the user's memory card or portable donor device 105. For example, the user's display preferellces common to all these devices can be stored on the user's memory card or portable donor device 105. Assuming the user has a particular font preference for a display attribute, this font ~re~rellce can be easily Acresse.lby each application device that accepts the user's card or portable donor device 105. Pleferel~ces for other display or visual attributes such as contrast, brightness, background pattern, color, icon type, icon location and choice of digital or analog gauges, for example, can also be handled through this mechanism. Besides display ~rererel~ces, other types of prererellces such as audible, circumstantial/spatial, taste and smell can be accessed by this mechanism to set the attributes of a particular application device.
Application devices 101, 111,121,131, and 141 all contain software which allows interoperation with the portable donor device 105. Portable donor de~rice 105 contains control software which manages the i~llelo~eration with the application devices and manages the organization of the reference ~refer~:nce memory colllel-ls.

6- 21652~7 FIG. 6 illustrates a cellular telephone 201, a personal organizer 231 and a personal computer 221 capable of sharing a user's refer~.lce prefer~nce set over i~lelco-ulections therebetween. These and other application devices can obtain the user's reference ~lefel~nce set from 5 another device acting as a donor device for the user's prefer~.lces. The user's refer~.,ce ~refel~ ,ce set can be Accesse~ via several types of inlelcolulections such as an infrared (IR) connection, a radio frequency (RF) connection or a cable connected therebetween.
In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the devices require physical co-0 location where one of the devices contains the user's reference ~refere.lceset in a re~l~llce ~re~~ ce memory. Communication between the devices can be established by a radio frequency (RF) or optical link such as infrared (IR) light. The device containing the user's lefere-,ce plefer~--ce set is ~refeldbly designated as the donor device to transmit ~references to 5 other application devices. An application device can thus act as both an application device and a donor device at the same time, thus becoming what is called an attached donor device. When ~refelellces are established by the user of a donor device (such as the personal organizer 231), their accessibility by another application device (such as the cellular telephone 20 201) is deferred until the application device (such as the cellular telephone 201) is in close physical proximity or co-located with the donor device (such as the personal organizer 231).
In an embodiment where multiple application devices act as an attached donor device and each contain a refeL~nce ~refelellce set for the 25 same individual user, multiple copies of the refer~l,ce ~refelence set will sometimes conflict with one another. Eventually these attached donor devices will become co-located or connected on a network with one another or with the actual donor device. When an attached donor device becomes co-located or connected on a network, the refere-,ce ~refer~.,ce set - ~- 216527 ~
can be reconciled by exchanging and storing the most recent ~rererellce entries identified, for example, by time stamps. In order to prevent contamination by overwriting old ~referel,ces, the user can be queried beforehand.
In-an alternative embodiment, session ~refere,.ces can be temporarily stored in the application device's session ~reference memory and shared with other co-located application devices until a given time when the device containing the refer~llce prefer~l,ce memory is re-united with these application devices, upon which time the most recent 0 plereL~nces are then offered to the rerelt:l,ce prerere"ce set as up-dates. In order to prevent contamination by overwriting old ~refer~l,ces, the user can also be queried beforehand.
FIG. 7 illustrates a further embodiment of the personal attribute selection and management system according to the present invention. A
plurality of application devices such as a c~ r telephone 301 and a personal computer 321 can establish l~rerel~"ces for a new application of a particular user in an application device by communication over a worldwide network 350. For example, the cellular telephone 301 can access a user's rerele"ce ~refelellce set over the worldwide network 350 stored in a refeL~Ice ~referellce memory of the personal co,,,yulel 321. The personal computer 321 can then be chosen to store the user's refelence prerere"ce set based on convenience to the user's lifestyle and location of existing tools. For example, instead of a personal computer 321, the user could subscribe to a network service that stores the user's rerel~:"ce ~lerere"ce set in a refele~ce ~rerele~-ce memory of the worldwide network 350. Such network service could store user refer~,lce yrerer~llce sets on a file server connected to the worldwide network 350. Alternatively, the user could choose to store the reference ~rerelel~ce set in another tool such as his mobile automobile computer ~ccessihle to the worldwide network _ -8- 216~277 350 via a wireless data illlercolulect compatible to the Intelligent Vehicle Highway System (IVHS). Furthermore, a cellular telephone 301 can contain the user's Le~rence prefel~nce set stored in a lefel~,lce pre~e~ ce memory of the cellular telephone 301 and ~ccessihle through the worldwide network 350. The worldwide network 350 could connect to various local networks such as a cellular phone network 360 or a computer's local area network 370. The user's refei~,.ce ~refele,-ce set can be communicated, for example, from a re~erence ~refelence memory of the cellular telephone 301 over existing or future cellular phone networks 360.
0 For example, the user's re~re~lce ~refer~llce set can be transmitted over a cellular digital packet data (CDPD) or short message service on an existing analog advanced mobile phone (AMPS) service. The user's refeLe~lce prefel~,lce set can also be trar~mitte~l in a data format of the Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) system or a time division multiple access (TDMA) or code division multiple access (CDMA) system.
The embodiment of FIG. 7 provides the most flexible and convenient implementation of the present invention because a user can obtain instant real-time access to the user's refer~llce ~refer~,lce set without the necessity of carrying a card or physically connecting devices as previously required. The worldwide network 350 ~rerelably is provided by a worldwide information super highway or national information super highway if a worldwide network is not yet available. A worldwide satellite network or cellular telephone or data network can also be used for the network 350. Additionally, communication of a user's rerel~nce prererences from the user's rerel~,lce ~refere,lce æt for a particular application can be communicated between devices connected to one sub-network such as a local area network or cellular radiotelephone network.
Thus, if a donor device and application device were connected, for example, in an office building to the same local area network, a pre~le,lce set up could be performed in real-time without accessing an outside network such as the worldwide network 350.
FIG. 8 illustrates an example of an application device having multiple connectivity options. The multiple connectivity options are provided by a network interface 410, a card reader 420 or a local inlercolulection port 430. In the example of FIG. 8, the appllcation device is a c.oll~ r telephone 401 connectable to a donor device by any one of the multiple connectivity options. The cellular telephone 401 can be built with any one of, or all three of, the exemplary connectivity options.
0 Connection of the cellular telephone 401 to a worldwide network 550 can be achieved by the network interface 410. The network interface 410 can connect to the network 550 via a RJ11 telephone network - connector, via an ethernet connection, via an optical connection or a radio frequency (RF) connection such as a radio frequency local area network or cellular data network.
Connection of the cellular telephone 401 to a donor card 560 can be achieved by the card reader 420. The donor card 560 can provide merely a memory to be read by the card reader 420 or can contain a processor and memory management unit (MMU) of an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and can also be a smart card.
Connection of the cellular telephone 401 to a local illLelcolulection such as that illustrated in FIG. 6 can be achieved by the local ullercolulection port 430. The local inlercolulection port 430 can connect to a local inlercolulection port of a donor device 541 via an infrared (IR) connection, a direct connect cable connection or a radio frequency (RF) connection.
The donor device 541 has a local illle.col~ection port 530 for connection to the local inlercolulection port 430 of the cellular telephone 401. The donor device 541 has an internal bus 543 for connection to other internal 2~ 6S2~7 components of the device. The donor device 541 can be cormected to the cellular telephone 401 in other ways besides through the local inlerco~ ection port 430. Instead, the network 550 can connect the donor device 541 to the cellular telephone 401.
The cellular telephone 401 of FIG. 8 ~referably has an internal bus 440 for connection of the internal components of the cellular telephone 401 to the interface devices 410, 420 and 430. The internal bus 440 also connects the internal components of the cellular telephone 401 to one another under control of a central processing unit 450 (CPU). A
o radiotelephone control software memory 460 connects to the internal bus 440 and provides control of the functionality of the cellular telephone 401.
A radio subsystem 470 connects to an antenna 475 via a transmitter and receiver. The radio subsystem 470 is operated according to standard cellular telephone air interface specifications under control of the radiotelephone control software memory 460. Input and output devices such as a microphone 481, a speaker 483, a keyboard 485 and a display 487 connect to and are operated over the internal bus 440 of the cellular telephone 401. These input and output devices provide user interface devices.
A session prefe,ence memory 490 stores session ~re~er~lces of a particular user of the application device of this cellular telephone 401. The session ~refelel.ce memory 490 is accessible to the cellular telephone 401 via the internal bus 440 and is also accessible to the refele,lce ~re~ele"ce setinterface devices 410, 420 and 430 via the internal bus 440. Upon an initial session set-up, the attribute management software within the interface devices 410, 420 or 430 obtains the ~r~liate pre~ere lces from the re~eLe~lce ~re~ere,-ce set for necessary attributes. The a~ro~l;ate preferel,ces are stored in the session ~refeL~,-ce memory 490 based on a dialog with the radiotelephone control software 460 which knows the necessAry attributes for the cellular radiotelephone in order to properly operate the input and output devices. Once all or some of the recessAry attributes have been assigned ~referel~ces for a cellular radiotelephone by storage, the attribute management software is no longer active in operation of the cellular radiotelephone. The radiotelephone control software then takes over the operation of the input and output devices 481, 483, 485 and 487 in accordance with the session ~refelences that have been established and loaded into memory 490.
FIG. 9 illustrates a memory within an exemplary application device 0 in a personal attribute selection management system according to the present invention. The device operating system 610 manages the resources within the application device. Peripheral to the device operating system 610 is the application software 620 and the personal attribute selection (PAS) software 630. The input/output control software 640 interacts with the personal attribute selection software to determine the prefelences required for this application. These ~rerelences are stored in the session preference memory 650 which are acquired through the interchange with the user's refelence preferellce set of preferellces in the donor device.
FIG. 10 illustrates the memory of within an exemplary donor device partitioned into personal attribute s~lection (PAS) software 710 and a refer~llce pref~rence memory 720. The personal attribute selection software 710 is the management software that organizes the rererence ~rererence memory 720 and interfaces with the application device to determine which portions and which information should be provided for from the rereL~l.ce ~rere~ence memory 720 for a particular session.
FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a data structure of a particular user's referel,ce ~reference set stored in attribute cells of the rererence ~rererellce memory of a donor device. Each user's rererel,ce ~rererel,ce set , can be stored as a multi-dimensional refe~ ce selection matrix 805 as illustrated by the exemplary three-dimensional matrix of FIG. 11. The three-dimensional refel~nce selection matrix of FIG. 11 is structured along three axes of access: a human senses axis 810 of access, an application device axis 820 of access, and an envirolullent axis 830 of access.
The human senses axis 810 of access is rl~sifi~1 by various types of user interface modes such as visual, audible, circumstantial/spatial, taste and smell, for example. These categories correspond essentially to the biological senses of a human user. The five illustrated categories are by o example only and various categories and subcategories of attributes can be used depending on the level of preferellce sensilivily desired by the system or by a particular user of the system. Should the referel,ce ~refelel-ce memory be configured for access thereto by a specific application, such as word processing or calendar software, the human senses axis 810 can be used as an application axis of access. In such an instance, the available attributes for the application would instead corlespond to the categories along the axis 810.
Particular user pleferel.ces for each of the types of attributes are stored in an attribute cell located at the intersection of the matrix's different axes of access. For example, attribute cells associated with visual attributes are stored with prefelel-ces such as font types, font sizes, menu order ~referellces, menu size ~referel,ces, window size yrefel`ellces~
locations of icons, patterns, colors, font sizes and ~referel,ce for analog or digital gauges or display graphs. Further, attribute cells associated with the audible attributes can contain types of ploll-~Ls such as key feedback prompts, e-mail audible feedback proll-~ls, bad move error prom~Ls or change done prompts, negative indication ~references, speech and language recognition prerer~l~ces, ringing such as urgent ringing, normal ringing, data ringing, volume ~referel.ces, tone type ~refei~-ces, or commercial broadcast station selection ~refelences, base and treble control as well as fade and balance pre~erences. The attribute cells associated with the circumstantial or spatial attributes can contain temperature pre~el~nces, humidity prefe~ ces, percenlage of outside (fresh) air prererences, air conditioning balance ~refer~llces, car seat position prerer~l~ces, automobile mirror position ~references, and seat heater temperature preferences.
The application device axis 820 of access to the refer~nce selection matrix 805 defines particular types of application devices such as cellular 0 telephones, personal computers, personal organizers or vehicles. Further,one type of application device can be a subset of application devices, such as different types of full or minimum function cellular telephones or such as different types of cellular telephones manufactured by different manufacturers.
The environment axis 830 of access is a third dimension to the reference selection matrix 805 which provides illl~roved accuracy in the access of prefer~l~ces from the matrix beyond that provided by the attributes and application device axes of access. The envirolul~ent axis 830 is helpful in obtaining the most accurate selection. More than three axes can be used besides the three axes 810, 820 and 830. Alternatively, the environment axis 830 can be omitted in a simpler implementation of the refeL~l~ce selection matrix 805. The attribute cells associated with the environment axis 830 of access to the refer~llce selection matrix 805 can include an office environment, a home environment or a vehicle envirorul~ent, such as aircraft, automobile, etc.
The envirolullental conditions along the environment axis 830 are di~rent from the devices along the application device axis 820 or the human senses along the human senses axis 810 because they depend on circumstantial conditions such as ambient background noise, darkness or = -14- 216~2~7 -brightness of ambient lighting conditions, or other characteristics in a particular envirolullent which require certain combinations of prefe.~nces to avoid interrupting or to aid individuals in the environment. For example, the environment is important in a heating and air conditioning 5 system where an individual's environment dictates desired temperature and humidity ~references. The environment axis 820 can be used, for example, to obtain different ~re~.el~ces should a user desire colder temperatures at an office than at home. In such an example, a meeting at the office could be designated a sub-envirolul,ent category which would o require a ~referwlce for a non-audible ringing of a cellular telephone using a vibrator. However, in the office when the user is not at a meeting, a sub-environment for the office could then elect an audible ringing for a cellular telephone.
The rererel-ce selection matrix 805 is ~re~l~bly accesse~l along the 5 multiple axes based on a prefe.ence selection vector received from an application device. The prefel~llce selection vector contains at least two or more selection criteria such as the needed human senses types, the needed environment or circumstance and the actual application or application device type. Preferellces can thus be established by accessing a reference 20 preference memory using multiple criterion such as a needed human sense among a plurality of stored human sense pre~erellces under a particular circumstance, for example, such as in an airplane or in the conference room of the office. Such a rerel~llce ~.eferellce memory has herelofore been impossible. By accessing such nl~mory using the refe.e.lce 25 ~refelt:.lce vector, ~refer~l-ces can be set-up for multiple types of situations without encumbering the user with a myriad of different set-up procedures and choices.
P-efelences stored in an attribute cell of the re~erence selection matrix 805 can be accesse~ directly based on the intersection of the indices of the axes. For example, an application device of a cellular telephone in the envil~o,unent of an office can have visual attributes such as font size selected from the ~referel,ces stored in the attribute cell intersecting therewith. However, when the donor device is unavailable or when inadequate prererel~ces are stored in the attribute cell at an intersection of the requisite axes, a user of an application device can enter pre~lences directly in the application device for storage in a session ~referellce memory. If the user does not desire to enter pLefer~l,ces at such time, the prere.ences can be established by an establishment procedure. After the 0 pl~efeLences are established by the establis~unent procedure, the user of the application device can refine the established ~leferel,ces to newly selected user preferellces or can defer refinement and selection of preferences to a - later time.
The establishment procedure establishes the ~re~erences in one embodiment by assigning default prefel~el,ces. Typically the default ~refer~l,ces are stored for a typical user in a typical environment in each application used on an application device. Alternatively in another embodiment, the establishment procedure can establish prefer~l,ces by a prediction procedure. When certain ~rereLe~ces are needed in an application device and are either unavailable or unacceptable, ~refere.lces can be established and stored in the session yrefer~ce memory of the application device by providing them directly from the prefe.ence selection matrix 805 by a pre-iiction process. The prediction procedure can predict ~references by access to the next best ~refele.lces stored in adjacent attribute cells of the ~l~efele-lce selection matrix. The ~l~efere-lces can alsobe accurately determined using artificial intelligence. Thus, the multi-dimensional structure of a ~refelence memory can be provided by artificial intelligence using knowledge-bases and networks. For example, fuzzy logic can be used to predict the ~l~efel~e lces using such a memory.

-Furthermore the prerer~llces can be predicted by a neutral network used to leam a users preferellces for various application devices, environments and the like. Such neutral network could predict a users ~refer~llces for attributes needed given such new application devices or environments.
The prediction procedure can be performed either in the application device or in the donor device. In the application device the prediction procedure can be performed based on the ~re~l~llces presently contained in the application device for a user, such as those preferellces in the session ~rererence memory, or based on the ~referellces in a refer~llce 0 preL~l~llce e memory of a donor device. In a donor device the prediction procedure can be performed based on the ~re~elt:llces for a user stored in a re~erence ~refelence memory. For an optimal prediction process to be performed in the application device, the application device would preferably need access to the largest available amount of prefelellce data from a user's referel~ce ~refer~llce set. The largest available ~reference data is stored in a referellce ~refel~llce memory of a donor device. Such transfer of an entire user's rerel~:nce ~refel~llce set from a refelellce prefer~llce memory of a donor device to an application device might be cumbersome on a network or might consume an unreasonable amount of memory in the application device. In such instances, the prediction can be performed by a donor device having a processor associated with the reference prererellce memory.
The prediction process, whether performed in the application device or the donor device, could interpolate or scale between nearby associated ple~erellces in a matrix. For example, font sizes selected for the screen of a personal computer would be larger than font sizes selected for the screen of a cellular telephone, because the personal computer has a larger size screen that the cellular telephone. A pocket organizer's screen size would probably be in between the two, but could not have an established ~refe~ ce for font sizes. Thus the selection or prediction al~,o,illull can be used to scale an ap~ro~iate distance between the personal computer font size and the cellular phone font size in order to propose a font size for the screen size of the pocket organizer.
FIG. 12 illustrates a block diagram showing information transfer among an application device 1210 and a donor device 1230 according to the present invention. A prefeL~nce selection vector 1240 is sent from the application device 1210 to the donor device 1230 to access one or more prerelences 1280 from a rereLellce preferellce memory 1220. The preferellce 0 selection vector 1240 is derived by the application device 1210 based on the situation such as, for example, the application device type 1270 and the application type 1275 being used. The device type 1270 and application type 1275 are ~rerelably determined by the application device using a computer circuit internal thereto. The ~-e~erellce selection vector 1240 thus can represent axes of access of characteristics of the needed attributes. For example, an environment code 1242 and a human senses code 1245 indicative of the needed attributes can be used for a ~rererellce selection vector 1240, expressed as <~llvironlllent, human senses>. The ~re~rel ce selection vector 1240 can be further defined by the type of needed attributes such as visual and audible human ~re~elellces, e~ressed as <environment, <visual, audible> >.
Plefeldbly the prefer~llce selection vector does not contain a user code for the particular user using an application device. This is because some donor devices, such as smart cards, for example, are ~re~ldbly specific to a single user. In such an instance, user information does not need to be sent to the smart card because the card provides ~re~erellce information for only one user. In instances where a card or other donor device can provide ~refel~:nces for more than one user, besides the vector, information indicative of a user such as a user code must be sent to access ~- -18- 2165277 a donor device. Thus, for a donor device that serves multiple users, user information besides the ~referellce selection vector is sent to the donor device.
FIG. 13 illustrates an apparatus for storing and predicting prereL~.ces according to an embodiment of the present invention. A
layered neural network 1310 serves both as a memory to store preferellces and as a processor to predict prefer~llces. The neural network 1310 operates to provide predicted ~references 1320 in relation to a preference selection vector 1340 when a mode switch 1330 is in the down position.
0 When the mode switch 1330 is in the up position, the neural network 1310 operates to learn or store input ~referellces 1350 in relation to a ~referellce selection vector 1340. The neural network 1310 learns or stores based on weight values 1370 imparted on individual nodes of the layers. A weight error algolilhm, illustrated simply by a comparator 1360, provides the weights based on a difference between outputs of the neural network and the prefer~l-ce input 1350 for an associated preference selection vector input 1340.
FIGS. 14-16 illustrate a flow chart for the initialization of preferellces when new preferences need -to be set-up. The method is called at block 901 when preferel-ces need to be initi~li7e~1 For example, preferel~ces will need to be set-up when a new application is loaded into a new application device in block 903. When new ~referellces are needed in an application device, the application device first determines if the donor device is available in block 905. If the donor device is not available, flow proceeds to block 907. If this available, flow proceeds to block 913.
The application device can also determine if this is the first time the application has been used by this user by checking information stored in the application device. Storage of such information in the application device could consume too much memory, and thus the application device and donor device would need to communicate with one another to determine if this is the first time the application has been used by this user.
When this application has previously been used by this user, in block 907, the default ~Lefer~llces or predicted ~refere~llces based on 5 ~refer~llces previously stored are used by the application device. These ple~lel-ces are obtained from the session yreferel~ce memory of the application device or the user's reLerellce ~re~erence set stored in the referellce ~referellce memory of the donor device.
Because all other application devices will not require exactly the o same ~ ferel,ces for the application as selected by the user for a previous application device, flow proceeds to block 909 where it is determined if the preferellces require refinement. If the ~lerel~llces do not require refinement, the session ends at block 911. If refinement is required, flow proceeds to block 925 where the user chooses whether or not to 5 immediately refine or defer refinement.
When prefelences have not been set for this application for this user, flow proceeds from block 905 to block 913. At block 913, the donor device is acc~se~1 Access to the donor device can occur over a real time network, via a wireless connection or directly by cable, radio frequen?, 20 infrared, for example. The application device and donor device then perform two-way communication to establish like categories and actual attribute selection within the categories in block 915. A majority of the attributes are then identified or predicted using various of the techniques discussed above. Preferably, the refer~llce selection matrix is used to yield 25 the ~referellce information.
The application device sends to the donor device in block 916 the ~re~ert:nce selection vector containing, for example, a human senses code indicative of needed human senses attributes, an ellvir~lullent code indicative of the environnlent desired for the needed attributes and an 20- 216527~

application device code indicative of the particular application device ~used. When the accessed donor device is of a type capable of storing prefer~llces for multiple users, a user code indicative of the user of the application device can also be sent together with the ~refelellce selection vector.
The donor device then receives the prererence selection vector and any user code over the real time network or direct wired or wireless link.
A pertinent referel~ce ~refeLe~lce memory is selected by the donor device based an any received user code. In response to the ~refelellce selection 0 vector, the donor device then obtains or determines the preferellces by, for example, prediction. Those ~references determined by the donor device are then sent back in block 916 to the application device over the real time network or direct wired or wireless link. By engaging in this two-way communication, the application device does not need to contain the entire refeLellce prererellce memory of the donor device. The donor device then can be accessed using information indicative of the multiple axes of access to, for example, the prererellce selection matrix. Without the two-way communication process of forwarding the information, the entire rerelellce yreference matrix would need to be loaded into the memory of the device so that the application device itself could determine or predict the ~rerelellces. Thus, loading an entire refe~ellce ~reference memory into an application device is possible when the two-way communication is avoided.
Block 919 determines whether the refelence selection matrix yielded the necessary ~reference information. If the rerelence ~re~elence matrix did not yield the necess~ry prerer~ce information, flow proceeds to block 923 where a selection is pre-licte~l based on related prior attribute s~l~ctionsfor related application devices using pre-liction techniques discussed above. If the reference s~lection matrix does yield ~referel.ce information, 21- 2I6~277 then those prererel.ces for which there is a match in the matrix are used at block 921. Thereafter, refinement is ~refelable by the user.
Block 925 allows the user to define whether the user wishes to refine immediately or to defer refinement. If the user elects to defer refinement, the user is given the choice whether or not to be prompted for needed refinements in subsequent interactions at block 927. Such proll,~ls can be provided after periodic time delays where the user is asked if the user now desires to refine. If the user wants to be prompted for needed refinements, the user is prolll~led upon a particular event such as the next 0 time the user signs on to the application or such as after a time delay.
After an event such as a time delay, the user is asked in block 929 if the user now desires to refine. If the user now desires to refine, flow proceeds - to the refinement process beginning at block 935. However, if the user, after prompting, does not want to refine now, flow proceeds to block 931.
At block 931, the user is ~roll,~led by the device upon events such as restarting a new application. In block 933, the user is prompted to refine when advancing to a more complex level in the application. If in blocks 931 or 933 the user elects to refine, flow proceeds to the refinement process beginning at block 935. ~Iowever, if the user decides not to refine after block 931 or 933, flow loops back to block 927.
The refinement process allows the user to customize predicted prererences for the application used by the user on this specific application device as sllmm~ri7e~1 in block 936, and allows the user to identify unique pre~erel,ces for the attributes the user wishes to refine as summarized in block 937. The user can also complete a selection a of attributes not encountered before now, as sl~mm~ri7.e-1 in block 939. Such customization or sPlechon can be from a list of choices determined based on user historical data, such as the information received from a donor device. The chosen ~refelably represents various predicted prererences ranked in likelihood of correctness by the prediction process. In the refinement process, the user is first asked whether the user wishes to defer a ~refelel-ce refinement for any particular attributes in block 941. If the user elects to defer refinement for some particular attributes, flow proceeds through block 943 to block 945. At block 943, those attributes elected to be deferred from this refinement process are assigned ~rererences using the device or application defaults, or predicted ~referel-ces. Those ~leferences the user does elect to refine are then selected for the remaining attributes in block 945 and the session ended at block 947.
0 The flowchart of FIGS. 14-16 can also be used to initially set-up the personal attribute selection and management system for a new user. The new user, beginning at block 901, would immediately need to perform the refinement procedure beginning at block 935. Thereafter, the selected ~rererences would be stored for the a~r"pliate attributes in the donor device.
FIG. 17 illustrates a flow chart for the automatic updating of prefe~ences beginning at block 1001. In block 1003, either the application device or the donor device determines if there is a need to update the user's refelel~ce plefelence memory. Such a need can occur, for example, when new prefer~l-ces have been refined applicable to multiple applications. In such an instance, these new prefelences need to be stored in the user's rerelence ~refere"ce memory. If no ~refelences need to be updated, the session ends at block 1005. Block 1007 warns the user by asking if the user desires to overwrite old ~re~elel-ces. If the user desires toabort overwriting of old ~,efelel-ces the session ends at block 1013. If the user authorizes overwriting old ~refer~llces, block 1015 determines if the donor device is available, e.g., a real time connection is cur~ lly available.
If such device is available, flow would proceed to block 10i7 where a connection is set up with the donor device via a network, direct wired or ~ -23- 216~277 wireless connection. However, if access to another device is not available, the update is effectively deferred by feedback from block 1015 to block 1003.
After the connection is set up with the donor device via direct wired or direct wireless connection, the re~elence ~reference memory device is 5 updated in block 1019 by storing the most recent time-stamped ~refe~ ces and the session ending at block 1021.
FIG. 18 illustrates a flow chart for user initiated updating of ~referellces which are not application specific. The method begins at block 1101 where not application specific ~rerelellces such as color or the 0 background of a display or the font type on a display can be updated. A
user might use this update procedure when the user obtains new eye g1~SP~ and desires to adjust visual characteristics for all instances regardless of application or application device. Such an update occurs when the user has commanded an update of the refel~l-ce ~refert:l~ce 5 memory of the donor device as determined in block 1103. If the user has not commanded such an update, the session is ended at block 1105.
Otherwise, the user specified attribute and new rerelence to be updated is set in block 1109. Thereafter, the refelellce ~refelence memory is modified with key prefelellce for either a group of attribute cells or a single attribute20 cell within a selection matrix in block 1111 and the session ended at block 1113.
Although the invention has been described and illustrated in the above description and drawings, it is understood that this ~le~rirtion is by example only and that numerous changes and morlific~tions can be made 25 by those skilled in the art without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention. There~ore, various user's re~efel~ce ~rerelence sets can be stored in different locations depending upon convenience and availability of donor devices.
What is ~ l~ime~l is:

Claims (41)

CLAIM
1. An application device comprising:
a port for coupling with a donor device having preferences;
a session preference memory;
a user interface device;
a controller operatively coupled to said user interface device, said port and said session preference memory to access the donor device via the port to provide to the donor device access information for access of the donor device, to receive preferences from the donor device in response to the access information, to obtain predicted preferences using a prediction procedure in at least one of the application device and the donor device, to store both a set of application device specific preferences and the predicted preferences in said session preference memory, to refine the predicted preferences through user interaction with said user interface device to produce refined user preferences, and to transmit the refined preferences to the donor device to update a reference preference set in the donor device.
2. An application device according to claim 1, wherein said controller performs a prediction procedure in the application device to determine the predicted preferences based on information from the donor device and then stores at least the predicted preferences in at least said session preference memory.
3. An application device according to claim 2, wherein said controller is operatively connected to said session preference memory to perform the prediction procedure by access to next best preferences stored in adjacent memory locations of the preference memory.
4. An application device according to claim 2, wherein said session preference memory comprises a neural network for performing the prediction procedure based on previously stored preferences represented as weights and based on the access information.
5. An application device according to claim 1, wherein said donor device performs the prediction procedure and sends the predicted preferences to the application device; and wherein said controller receives the predicted preferences from the donor device via the port.
6. An application device according to claim 1, wherein said controller refines the predicted preferences through user selection from a list of choices determined based on user historical data received from the donor device.
7. An application device according to claim 1, wherein said controller defers refinement of the predicted preferences until subsequently desired by the user.
8. An application device according to claim 1, wherein the port couples to said donor device by a wireless connection.
9. An application device according to claim 8, wherein the port couples by the wireless connection including an optical link.
10. An application device according to claim 8, wherein the port couples by the wireless connection including a radio link.
11. An application device according to claim 1, wherein the port couples to said donor device over a network.
12. An application device according to claim 1, wherein said donor device comprises a card unique to the user.
13. A donor device for setting-up preferences for an application device, said donor device comprising:
a port for coupling to an application device to receive access information from the application device;
a reference preference memory having preferences stored therein; and a controller operatively coupled to said port and said reference preference memory to perform a prediction procedure in the donor device, to send predicted preferences via said port to an application device when said reference preference memory has unavailable preferences for the access information, to receive refined preferences from the application device and to store the refined preferences in the reference preference memory to update a reference preference set.
14. A donor device according to claim 13, wherein said controller is operatively connected to said reference preference memory to perform the prediction procedure by access to next best preferences stored in adjacent memory locations of said reference preference memory.
15. A donor device according to claim 13, wherein said reference preference memory comprises a neural network to perform the prediction procedure based on previously stored preferences represented as weights and based on the access information.
16. A donor device according to claim 13, wherein said reference preference memory has preferences stored therein for a plurality of users; and wherein said port couples with the application device to receive both information identifying of a user of the application device and access information for access of the donor device and to provide from said reference preference memory in response thereto specific preferences that pertain to the access information for a specified user.
17. A donor device according to claim 16, wherein the port couples to said application device by a wireless connection.
18. A donor device according to claim 17, wherein the port couples by the wireless connection including an optical link.
19. A donor device according to claim 17, wherein the port couples by the wireless connection including a radio link.
20. A donor device according to claim 16, wherein the port couples to said application device over a network.
21. A donor device according to claim 13, wherein said reference preference memory has preferences stored therein for at least one user; and wherein said port couples with the application device to receive access information for access of the donor device for a user and to provide from said reference preference memory in response thereto specific preferences that pertain to the access information for the user.
22. A donor device according to claim 21, wherein the application device comprises a card unique to the user.
23. A method of setting-up preferences, said method comprising the steps of:
a. coupling an application device requiring a preference set-up and a donor device having preferences;
b. accessing the donor device having preferences stored therein;
c. providing to the donor device access information for access of the donor device;
d. storing in a preference memory of the application device preferences in response to the donor device and obtaining predicted preferences using a prediction procedure in at least one of the application device and the donor device;
e. refining the predicted preferences through user interaction with a user interface device to produce refined preferences; and f. transmitting the refined preferences to the donor device to update in the donor device a user's reference preference set.
24. A method according to claim 23, wherein said step (d) comprises the substep of (d1) predicting preferences in the application device based on preferences received from a donor device using a prediction procedure.
25. A method according to claim 24, wherein said substep (d1) of predicting comprises the substep of predicting by access to next best preferences received from the donor device.
26. A method according to claim 23, wherein said step (d) comprises the substep of (d1) predicting preferences in the donor device and sending the predicted preferences to the application device.
27. A method according to claim 23, wherein said step (e) of refining comprises the substep of (e1) refining the predicted preferences through user selection from a list of choices determined based on user historical data received from the donor device.
28. A method according to claim 23, wherein said step (e) of refining comprises the substep of (e1) deferring refinement until subsequently desired by the user.
29. A method device according to claim 24, wherein said method further comprises the steps of (h) determining if a donor device is available when new preferences need to be set-up; and (i) performing a prediction procedure to temporarily assign predicted preferences when the donor device is unavailable when the new preferences need to be set up;
wherein said step (a) of coupling comprises the substep of (a1) coupling an application device and a donor device when the donor device is available; and wherein said step (g) of transmitting the refined preferences to the donor device comprises the substep of (a1) coupling the application device and a donor device when the donor device is available.
30. A method according to claim 23, wherein said step (b) of accessing comprises the substep of (b1) accessing the donor device having preferences for a plurality of users;
wherein said step (c) of providing comprises the substep of (c1) providing the donor device both information identifying of a user of the application device and access information for access of the donor device; and wherein said step (d) of receiving comprises the substep of (d1) receiving from the donor device in response thereto specific preferences that pertain to [the user and]
the access information for a user.
31. A method according to claim 23, wherein the step (a) of coupling comprises the substep of (a1) coupling the application device and the donor device over a network.
32. A method according to claim 23, wherein the step (a) of coupling comprises the substep of (a1) coupling the application device and the donor device by a wireless connection.
33. A method according to claim 23 wherein said step (b) of accessing comprises the substep of (b1) accessing the donor device having preferences for at least one user;
wherein said step (c) of providing comprises the substep of (c1) providing the donor device information for access of the donor device; and wherein said step (d) of receiving comprises the substep of (d1) receiving from the donor device in response thereto specific preferences that pertain to the access information provided for a user.
34. A method according to claim 33, wherein the step (a) of coupling comprises the substep of (a1) coupling the application device to a donor device comprising a card unique to the user.
35. A method of setting-up preferences, sand method comprising the steps of:
a. coupling an application device requiring a preference set-up and a donor device having preferences;
b. accessing the application device;
c. receiving from the application device access information for access of a donor device;
d. performing a prediction procedure in the donor device and transmitting predicted preferences to an application device when said donor device has unavailable preferences for the information for access;
e. receiving refined preferences from the application device for substitution for the predicted preferences; and f. storing the refined preferences in a reference preference memory of the donor device for the user.
36. A method according to claim 35, wherein said step (b) of accessing comprises the substep of (b1) accessing the donor device having preferences for a plurality of users;
wherein said step (c) of receiving comprises the substep of (c1) receiving from the application device both information identifying of a user of the application device and access information for access of the donor device; and wherein said step (d) of performing a prediction procedure and transmitting comprises the substep of (d1) transmitting to the application device in response thereto specific preferences that pertain to the access information for the user.
37. A method according to claim 36, wherein the step (a) of coupling comprises the substep of (a1) coupling the application device and the donor device over a network.
38. A method according to claim 36, wherein the step (a) of coupling comprises the substep of (a1) coupling the application device and the donor device by a wireless connection.
39. A method according to claim 35, wherein said step (c) of receiving comprises the substep of (c1) receiving from the application device information for access off the donor device for at least one user;
and wherein said step (d) of performing a prediction procedure and transmitting comprises the substep of (d1) transmitting to the application device in response thereto specific preferences that pertain to the access information for a user.
40. A method according to claim 39, wherein the step (a) of coupling comprises the substep of (a1) coupling the application device to a donor device comprising a card unique to the user.
41. An application device comprising:
a port for coupling with a donor device;
a session preference memory capable of storing preferences for a particular user;
a user interface device; and a controller operatively coupled to said user interface device, said session preference memory and said port to access the donor device via the port, wherein said controller determines if a donor device is available when new preferences need to be set-up, wherein said controller connects to the donor device when said controller determines the donor device is available when the new preferences need to be set up to obtain and store preferences from the donor device in said session preference memory by providing to the donor device access information for a particular user for access of the donor device and by receiving from the donor device in response to the donor device preferences that pertain to the user, and wherein said controller of the application device performs a prediction procedure upon data in the session preference memory when said controller determines the donor device is unavailable when the new preferences need to be set up, stores the predicted preferences in said session preference memory, refines the predicted preferences through user interaction with said user interface device to produce refined user preferences, and transmits the refined preferences to the donor device when later available to update a user's reference preference set in the donor device.
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