CA2158560A1 - Apparatus and method for burning combustible gases - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for burning combustible gasesInfo
- Publication number
- CA2158560A1 CA2158560A1 CA 2158560 CA2158560A CA2158560A1 CA 2158560 A1 CA2158560 A1 CA 2158560A1 CA 2158560 CA2158560 CA 2158560 CA 2158560 A CA2158560 A CA 2158560A CA 2158560 A1 CA2158560 A1 CA 2158560A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- air
- gas
- stack
- mixture
- pipe
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/06—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases
- F23G7/08—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases using flares, e.g. in stacks
- F23G7/085—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of waste gases or noxious gases, e.g. exhaust gases using flares, e.g. in stacks in stacks
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2202/00—Fluegas recirculation
- F23C2202/40—Inducing local whirls around flame
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2207/00—Ignition devices associated with burner
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D2209/00—Safety arrangements
- F23D2209/20—Flame lift-off / stability
Abstract
An apparatus for burning the combustible components of a gas stream. The apparatus comprises a stack pipe (4, 10) having one end in communication with a gas supply pipe (2) for receiving a gas stream; means (5) for introducing air into the stack pipe to produce an air and gas mixture; a mixing zone (6);
means (14) for igniting the air and gas mixture; means (8) for stabilizing and means (12) located at the other end of the stack pipe for inhibiting downwash. Also disclosed is a method for burning the combustible components of a gas stream utilizing the apparatus.
means (14) for igniting the air and gas mixture; means (8) for stabilizing and means (12) located at the other end of the stack pipe for inhibiting downwash. Also disclosed is a method for burning the combustible components of a gas stream utilizing the apparatus.
Description
~Wo 94/21967 21~ 8 5 6 0 PCT/US94102715 Apparatus and Method for Burning Combustible Gases FIELD OF THE INVENTION:
The present invention relates to an appa~tus for buming combustible gas and a method for using the apparatus.
BACKGROUND:
Gas,es c~~ -ing c~mmon air pollutants, such as hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, soot and other combustibles, are frequently encountered in industries wherein combustion furnaces are ntili7~oA In order to reduce the emission of pollutants and waste smoke into the atmosphere, a variety of devices have been proposed for burning the combustible gases.
A commomy utili_ed device is referred to as a flare stack wherein combustible gas is burned and disch~ ~ed into the open air. Several eY~mr!~ry prior art techniques are disclosed in the following patents.
U.S. Patent No. 3,828,700 to Ragot discloses an apparatus and process for the smokeless burning of residues. The apparatus co~ci.ctc of a chimney designed for the introduction of air into the burning zone, and a me~ ix. . . for introducing the residue into the chimney in the form of a spray. Thus the disclosed a~dldtlls and process require that the residues to be burned off 'oe pulverized or otherwise converted to a spray before introduction into the chimney.
U.S. Patent No. 3,852,023 to Itoh et al. discloses an apparatus for ~i;x~xing of gas by burning. The apparatus conci~tc of a plurality of branch pipes co~n~ted to a main pipe carrying combustible gas. The gas is channeled into one or more of the branch pipes according to the flow rate in tne main pipe. The b~dnch pipes are c~ d to a cc mbllction furnace having a plurality of stages arranged in vertical order. gæ introduced into the combustion furnace through the branch pipes is ignited and burned by ignition means located in the lowermost stage of the furnace.
U.S. Patent No. 3,898,317 to He~nc~t~ et al. discloses an incineration system for incinerating flue gases which contain a combustible component. The system uses two -2 ~ ~i 8 S 6 0 PCTIUS94/02715 chambers that are added to a stack emitting industrial gases. The first chamber terminates at the exit end of the stack in an annular passage so that high velocity air, which acts as an air pump, is directed longitudinally relàtive to the stack. The second chamber is tli~poseA do~ ea-ll of the first chamber and includes a plurality of bumers and a themmocouple that senses the temperature of the gases. A preset tempG.dtu.~ is achieved in the chambers by varying the quantities of air emitted from the first chamber as well as the amount of fuel and air supplied to the bumers in the second chamber.
U.S. Patent No. 3,954,386 discloses a nare bumer for burning combustible gases. The flare bumer con~i~t~ of a venturi bumer tube having specified dimensions, a gas supply pipe having a gas outlet opening at the throat of the venturi burner tube and pilot burner jets for burning combustion gases.
U.S. Patent No. 4,003,69~ discloses a flare stack gas burner consisting of a stack with a centrally disposed combustible gas delivery pipe having a divider with arms for upward delivery of the combustible gas through a plurality of slots to a mixing space. The flare stack also includes a rotary diffuser for mixing the combustible gas with air which is introduced under pressure into the stack.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and ayp~d~ls for burning the combustible components of gases with the advantages which will become apparent from the following discussion.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for burning the combustible components of gases produced in industnal processes. The method and a~dldtus areparticularly well suited for use in buming the combustible ~lll~nel,t~ of the gas stream exiting from a carbon black fumace during the production of carbon blacks.
The apparatus of the present invention comprises:
a stack pipe having one end in communication with a gas supply pipe for receiving a gas stream;
~WO 94t21967 Z 1 5 8 5 6 ~ PCT/US94/0271i means for introducing air into the stack pipe to produce an air and gas mi.~cture;
a mixing zone;
means for igniting the air and gas mixture;
means for stabilizing the ignited mixture; and '' means located at the other end of the stack pipe for inhibiting downwash of the exiting gaseous products resulting from combustion of the gas and air mixture.
The method of the present invention comprises:
introducing a gas stream cont~ining combustible components into one end of a stack pipe;
introd~lcing air into the stack pipe to produce an air and gas mixture;
mixing the air and gas mixture in a mixing zone;
igniting the air and gas lniAIule;
st~hili7ing the ignited air and gas llliAIUIC;; and allowing the gaseous pl~lucts resulting from cornb~l~tion of the gas and air mixture to exit the stack pipe and inhibiting downwash of the gaseous products.
The method of the present invention is preferably performed using the ap~dlLIs of the present invention.
The gas supply pipe refers to the pipe or conduit emitting gases produced in an industrial process. The gas stream flows from the supply pipe into one end of the stack pipe.
In the case of a carbon black furnace reactor, the gas supply pipe emits the gas stream resulting from the production of carbon black. The communication between the gas supply pipe and the end of the stack pipe in the ~pp~r~ of the present invention should be sufficient to minimi7f~
the possibility of gas escaping into the atmosphere at, or near, the position where the supply pipe and the stack pipe are in communication. As ~;Aplained below, in a preferred embodiment of the a~lu~ of the present invention, the gas supply pipe and the stack pipe overlap.
The means for intro(lucin~ air may be any means known to the art. The amount of air introduced should be sufficient to produce an ignitible mixture of air and gas. Such 215~0 4 determination is within the skill of those of ordinary skill in the art. In a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention, the means for introd~lcing air comprises an annular space forrned between the gas supply pipe and the end of the stack pipe, through the use of different diameter pipes.
The introduced air and the gas mix in the mixing zone. The ignitible gas and air mixture is then ignited. The means for igniting the gas and air mixture may comprise any means known to the art for igniting combustible gases, including, but not limited to, pilot burners, spark generators and the like. The means for igniting may be located at any position in the apy~lls of the present invention where sufficient mixing of the gas and air mixture has occurred to produce an ignitible mixture. Preferably, the means for igniting is located at a position where the flame, or other igniting means, penetrates the recirculation zone created by the means for st~hili7ing the ignited gæ and air mixture.
In the apparatus and method of the present invention, the ignited gæ and air mixture is stabilized to promote sU'Qst~nti~lly complete burning of the combustible components of the gas stream. The means for stabilizing the ignited gas and air mixture comprise means for creating a recirculation zone wLe~ the ignited gæ and air mixture recirculates. As descri'oed below in the more detailed description of the invention, the means for st~hili7ing may comprise a step between a first stack pipe that communicates with the gas supply pipe and a second stack pipe that emits the burned gæ and air mixture into the atmosphere. The means for st~hili7ing may alternatively collly.ise an object, preferably a cone or h~ rlt;, located in the interior of the stack pipe that creates recirculation.
After combustion of the comhu~tible com~nell~ of the gas stream has been achieved, the resultant g~ceou~ products are emitted from the stack pipe into the atmosphere. The emitting end of the stack pipe includes downwash inhibiting means to ensure that the gæeous products resulting from combustion of the gæ and air mixture are emitted upwardly into the atmosphere.
The method and apparatus of the present invention advantageously burns the combustible colllponclll~ of a gæ stream to minimi7? the emission of pollutants and smoke into ~o 94/21967 215 8 5 ~ ~ PCT/US94/02715 the atmosphere.
Further details and advantages of the apparatus and method of the present invention are 7 set forth in the following more de~iled description of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:
Figure 1 depicts an embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention.
Figure 2 depicts an alternate embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:
As set forth above, the a~ atus of the present invention colllpl ise~.
a stack pipe having one end in c~mmnnication with a gas supply pipe for receiving a gas stream;
means for introducing air into the stack pipe to produce an air and gas mixture;a mixing zone;
means for igniting the air and gas mixture;
means for stabilizing the ignited mixture; and means located at the other end of the stack pipe for inhibiting downwash of the gaseous products resulting from combustion of the gas and air mixture.
The ap~d~us of the present invention is particularly advantageous for use on the end of smoke stacks emitting combustible gases from industrial p,uce~s.
An embodiment of the ap~dl~ of the present invention is depicted in Figure 1. Aswill be readily understood by those of ordinary skill in the art, the app~dlus shown in hgure 1 is designed to be constructed over the end of a smoke stack emitting combustible gases.
With reference to hgure 1, the ap~ d~u~ of the present invention, 1, includes a stack pipe, 4, in communication with a gas supply pipe, ''. The inner diameter of the gas supply pipe, 2, is shown as D1 and the inner ~ mPter of the stack pipe, 4, is shown as D2. The arrangement of supply pipe, 2 and stack pipe, 4 should be such that the possibility of gas escaping into the ~tm~sphPre is minimi7PA In a preferred embodiment of the a~dlus of the present invention, Wo 94/21967 ~ PCT/US94/02715 the pipes overlap as shown in Figure 1. In Figure 1, Dl is smaller than D", and gas supply pipe '~, extends into stack pipe 4, thereby creating means, 5, for intro~llcing air into the stack pipe, 4. The distance that the pipes overlap is shown as H1. f ' In the embo-lim.?nt of the apparatus of the present invention shown in Figure 1, the means for introducing air into the stack pipe, 5, comprises the annular space between the gæ
supply pipe, 2 and the stack pipe, 4. Air is drawn through the annular space into the stack pipe 4. As set forth above, the arnount of air drawn into stack pipe, 4 should be sufficient to produce an ignitible gas and air mixture. Such detemmination is within the skill of those of ordinary skill in the art. As also set forth above, the means for introducing air into stack pipe, 4, may altemately comprise other means known in the art such as an air supply pipe in communication with stack pipe, 4.
The air mixes with the gases emitted from gas supply pipe, 2, in mixing zone, 6, to form an air and gæ mixture. The length of the mixing zone should be sufficient to allow sufficient mixing time for the introduced air and gas to produce an ignitible air gas mixture. In Figure 1, the length of the mixing zone is shown as H2.
Stack pipe, 4, cOI.t ~ g mixing zone, 6, communicates with one end of stack pipe, 10, having inner ~ m~ter~ D3, and cont~inin~ means, 14 for igniting the air and gæ mixture.
Means 14, may comprise any means known to the art for igniting combl~tible gases, including, but not limited to: pilot burners, spark ge~ dlc,-~ and the like.
The means for igniting, 14 may be located at any position in the apparatus of the present invention where sufficient mixing of the gæ and air mixture has occurred to produce an ignitible mixture. Preferably, the means for igniting is lorated at a position wherein the flame, or other igniting means, penetrates the recirculation zone created by the means for st~ 7ing the ignited gas and air mixture. In the ~nnbo~iim.ont depicted in hgure 1, the means for igniting, 14, are located a ~ t~n~ P from the end of stack pipe, 4, co~t~ining mixing zone, 6. The a~
of the present invention includes at least one means for igniting, and preferably includes more than one means for igniting spaced around the peliph~ly of stack pipe, 10.
Once the gas and air mixture has been ignited, the mixture will generally remain ~VO 94/21967 2 15 8 S 6 0 PCT/US94/02715 .
buming. Thus, once ignition occurs, the means for igniting may be tumed off. Preferably, however, the means for igniting is not tumed off to ensure a constant burning of the air and gas mixture.
In the embodiment of the present invention depicted in Figure 1, D3 is greater than D2, thereby creating step, 8, having a cross sectional width of W2. The width, W2 should be sufficient to create a st~hili7 ~tion _one for the ignited air and gas mixture. Stabili_ation is achieved by recirculation of the ignited air and gas mixture.
The length of stack pipe, 10, is shown as H3. Preferably, the length H3 should be sufficient to permit s~lbst~nti .lly complete combustion of the combustible co~ onents of the ignited air and gas ~
The other end of stack pipe, lO, communicates with the ~ o~ and includes means for inhibiting dowl.w~l-, 12, to ensure that the gaseous products resulting from combustion of the gas and air mixture are emitted upwardly into the ~m..~ f r~. As shown in Figure 1, the means for inhibiting dow~.w~l., 12, may cu...~..ise a fr~ ically flared portion of stack pipe, 10, which increases the ~ t~l of stack pipe, 10, to .1;;. ..ioter D4. The length and width of the nared portion of stack pipe, 10, which comprises the dow..w~sh inhibiting means, are shown as H4 and W3 respectively.
The apparatus of the present invention may be constructed f.~m materials known to those of ~ indly skill in the art. Suitable materials include, but are not limited to: staimess steel, refractory ...,~ and the like.
With reference to Flgure 1, in the method of the present invention, gas emitted from gas supply pipe, 2 mixes with air in mixing zone, 6. The resulting air and gas mixture travels into stack pipe, 10 where the mixture is ignited by ignition means, 14. The re~l~lting ignited mixture is st~ili7~1 as a result of step, 8. The combustible cornrnnrnt~ of the air and gas mixture continue to burn in stack pipe, 10 and are discl~d into the atmosphere. Downwashinhibiting means, 12, helps to ensure that the combustion products from the ignited gas and air llli;~lUlt; are emitted upwardly into the atmosphere.
Flgure 2 depicts an altemate embodiment of the a~ dtlls of the present invention. In wo 94/21967 21~ 8 5 6 ~ PCT/US94102715 ~
the apparatus depicted in Figure 2, intemal flame st~ ili7~tion means, ~0, is provided in stack pipe, 10. The intemal flame st~bili7~tion means, ''0, comprise any object that creates recirculation, preferably a `cone or hPmi~ph.ore and are sn~pçn~lPd in the stream flowing through stack pipe 10. The rem~in~lPr of the apparatus shown in Figure 2 is similar to the apparatus shown in Figure 1 except that in the Figure 2 apparatus, the step, 8, between stack pipes, 4 and 10, hæ been omitted. The dimensions, in~hl~ingr length and intemal ~ mPtPr~ of the stack pipes, downwash inhibiting means, and other parts of the d~d~US depicted in Figure '~ may, or may not, be the same as those described with reference to Figure 1.
In another altemative embodiment of the at~dt~Js of the present invention, the ayyd~dtus is cor~ ed with both the intemal flame st~bili7~tion means, 20, and extemal flarne stabilization means in the form of the step, 8, between stack pipes 4 and 10.
With reference to Flgure 2, in the method of the present invention, gas emitted from gas supply pipe, 2 mixes with air in mixing zone, 6. The resulting air and gas mixture travels into stack pipe, 10 where the mixture is ignited by ignition means, 14. The resulting ignited mixture by st~hili7ing means 20. The combustible com~Q~Pnt~ of the air and gas mixture continue to bum in stack pipe, 10 and are dischalged into the atmosphere. Dc ~.-w~h inhibiting means, 12, helps to ensure that the combustion yr~lu~t~ from the igruted gæ and air mixture are emitted u~ lly into the ~tmosphPre.
Further details of the ay~u~lus and method of the present invention, and their adv~nt~gP-s, will become apparent from the following Ex~mple A vacuum gPn~r~tQr Prima 600 proce~ss ind~lst~ mass s~:~lull-ehl, manufactured by VG Gas Analysis System, Ltd. of the United ~in~om was utilized to detemmine the co...y~ilion of the gas streams referred to in the following Example. Instructions for utili7ing the s~;~ meter ~cc....~ .y the m~hinl~ The gas streams were dried to approximately 2%
water, by weight, prior to analysis using Perma Pure dryers, manufactured by Perma Pure Products, Incorporated, of Toms River, New Jersey.
~o 94/21967 21~ 8 ~ 6 0 PCT/US94/02715 ~9 EXAMPLE:
This example illustrates the effectiveness of the method and apparatus of the present ~, invention.
An apparatus of the present invention, as depicted in Figure 1, was placed in communication with the combustion gas stream emitted from a carbon black furnace reactor during a carbon black production run. The apparatus of the present invention was constr.~cted from stainless steel and utilized a propane burner to ignite the air and gas mixture. The g~ y, and operating conditions, utilized are set forth in Table 1.
Table 1 - Apparatus Geometry D-1 (in.) 3.00 D-2 (in.) 4.31 D-3 (in.) 7.50 D4 (in.) 12.38 H-1 (in.) 3.00 H-2 (in.) 10.50 H-3 (in.) 7.50 H4 (in.) 2.44 W-l (in.) 0.66 W-2 (in.) 1.S9 W-3 (in.) 2.44 p (in.) 1.S0 ~ e Flow to Ignitor (scfh) 2.67 Ignitor Nozzle Size (in.) O.S0 Feed gas Rate (kscfh) 9.35 Feed gas Moisture (vol. %) 35.3 Feed gas Heat Value (BTUlSCF) 66 Tempc~lul-c in Supply Pipe, 2 (~F) 254 Stream Velocity in Supply Pipe, 2 (ft./s) 73 in. = inch(es); scfh = s~.d~h.l cubic feet per hour; kscfh = t~- u~n~l standard cubic feet per hour; voL % = volwne ~,~llt~ge; BTU = British thermal Wlit; F = degrees Fahrenheit; ft./s = feet per second The conl~ositions of the gas strearns entering and leaving the a~ us of the present invention were de~n,il.ed, after drying, according to the ~loc~lult;s described herein. The results are set forth in Table 2 below:
-Wo 94/21967 8 5 6 ~1 lo Table 2 - Dried Gas Stream Composition Compound Enterin~e Stream Exiting Stream N2 (vol. %) ~ 62.50 84.18 2 (vol. %) 3.56 0.00 C2 (vol. %) 2.44 13.61 Ar (vol. %) 0.67 0.99 C2H2(vol. %) 0.223 <0.003 H2 (vol. %) 14.99 0.18 CO(vol. %) 14.55 0.82 CH4 (vol. %) 0.772 < 0.003 H2S (ppmv) 626 <31 SO2 (ppmv) 631 2249 CS2 (ppmv) 959 < 15 COS (ppmv) 233 < 15 vol. % = volume per~ ~ge; ppmv = volume parts per million.
The results provided in Table 2 indicate that the method and apparatus of the present invention reduce the emission levels of all of the combl~tible components, including CS2, COS, and H2S
in the gas stream. These results also make it a~ nt that the combustion efficiency of the apparatus of the present invention is high.
These results in-l;~t.o that the method and ap~i of the present invention are adv~n~g~o~ for use in burning the comh~tible c~ n~ ; of gases.
It should be clearly understood that the forms of the present invention herein described are illustrative only and are not int~n-i~i to limit the scope of the invention.
The present invention relates to an appa~tus for buming combustible gas and a method for using the apparatus.
BACKGROUND:
Gas,es c~~ -ing c~mmon air pollutants, such as hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers, soot and other combustibles, are frequently encountered in industries wherein combustion furnaces are ntili7~oA In order to reduce the emission of pollutants and waste smoke into the atmosphere, a variety of devices have been proposed for burning the combustible gases.
A commomy utili_ed device is referred to as a flare stack wherein combustible gas is burned and disch~ ~ed into the open air. Several eY~mr!~ry prior art techniques are disclosed in the following patents.
U.S. Patent No. 3,828,700 to Ragot discloses an apparatus and process for the smokeless burning of residues. The apparatus co~ci.ctc of a chimney designed for the introduction of air into the burning zone, and a me~ ix. . . for introducing the residue into the chimney in the form of a spray. Thus the disclosed a~dldtlls and process require that the residues to be burned off 'oe pulverized or otherwise converted to a spray before introduction into the chimney.
U.S. Patent No. 3,852,023 to Itoh et al. discloses an apparatus for ~i;x~xing of gas by burning. The apparatus conci~tc of a plurality of branch pipes co~n~ted to a main pipe carrying combustible gas. The gas is channeled into one or more of the branch pipes according to the flow rate in tne main pipe. The b~dnch pipes are c~ d to a cc mbllction furnace having a plurality of stages arranged in vertical order. gæ introduced into the combustion furnace through the branch pipes is ignited and burned by ignition means located in the lowermost stage of the furnace.
U.S. Patent No. 3,898,317 to He~nc~t~ et al. discloses an incineration system for incinerating flue gases which contain a combustible component. The system uses two -2 ~ ~i 8 S 6 0 PCTIUS94/02715 chambers that are added to a stack emitting industrial gases. The first chamber terminates at the exit end of the stack in an annular passage so that high velocity air, which acts as an air pump, is directed longitudinally relàtive to the stack. The second chamber is tli~poseA do~ ea-ll of the first chamber and includes a plurality of bumers and a themmocouple that senses the temperature of the gases. A preset tempG.dtu.~ is achieved in the chambers by varying the quantities of air emitted from the first chamber as well as the amount of fuel and air supplied to the bumers in the second chamber.
U.S. Patent No. 3,954,386 discloses a nare bumer for burning combustible gases. The flare bumer con~i~t~ of a venturi bumer tube having specified dimensions, a gas supply pipe having a gas outlet opening at the throat of the venturi burner tube and pilot burner jets for burning combustion gases.
U.S. Patent No. 4,003,69~ discloses a flare stack gas burner consisting of a stack with a centrally disposed combustible gas delivery pipe having a divider with arms for upward delivery of the combustible gas through a plurality of slots to a mixing space. The flare stack also includes a rotary diffuser for mixing the combustible gas with air which is introduced under pressure into the stack.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a method and ayp~d~ls for burning the combustible components of gases with the advantages which will become apparent from the following discussion.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION:
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for burning the combustible components of gases produced in industnal processes. The method and a~dldtus areparticularly well suited for use in buming the combustible ~lll~nel,t~ of the gas stream exiting from a carbon black fumace during the production of carbon blacks.
The apparatus of the present invention comprises:
a stack pipe having one end in communication with a gas supply pipe for receiving a gas stream;
~WO 94t21967 Z 1 5 8 5 6 ~ PCT/US94/0271i means for introducing air into the stack pipe to produce an air and gas mi.~cture;
a mixing zone;
means for igniting the air and gas mixture;
means for stabilizing the ignited mixture; and '' means located at the other end of the stack pipe for inhibiting downwash of the exiting gaseous products resulting from combustion of the gas and air mixture.
The method of the present invention comprises:
introducing a gas stream cont~ining combustible components into one end of a stack pipe;
introd~lcing air into the stack pipe to produce an air and gas mixture;
mixing the air and gas mixture in a mixing zone;
igniting the air and gas lniAIule;
st~hili7ing the ignited air and gas llliAIUIC;; and allowing the gaseous pl~lucts resulting from cornb~l~tion of the gas and air mixture to exit the stack pipe and inhibiting downwash of the gaseous products.
The method of the present invention is preferably performed using the ap~dlLIs of the present invention.
The gas supply pipe refers to the pipe or conduit emitting gases produced in an industrial process. The gas stream flows from the supply pipe into one end of the stack pipe.
In the case of a carbon black furnace reactor, the gas supply pipe emits the gas stream resulting from the production of carbon black. The communication between the gas supply pipe and the end of the stack pipe in the ~pp~r~ of the present invention should be sufficient to minimi7f~
the possibility of gas escaping into the atmosphere at, or near, the position where the supply pipe and the stack pipe are in communication. As ~;Aplained below, in a preferred embodiment of the a~lu~ of the present invention, the gas supply pipe and the stack pipe overlap.
The means for intro(lucin~ air may be any means known to the art. The amount of air introduced should be sufficient to produce an ignitible mixture of air and gas. Such 215~0 4 determination is within the skill of those of ordinary skill in the art. In a preferred embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention, the means for introd~lcing air comprises an annular space forrned between the gas supply pipe and the end of the stack pipe, through the use of different diameter pipes.
The introduced air and the gas mix in the mixing zone. The ignitible gas and air mixture is then ignited. The means for igniting the gas and air mixture may comprise any means known to the art for igniting combustible gases, including, but not limited to, pilot burners, spark generators and the like. The means for igniting may be located at any position in the apy~lls of the present invention where sufficient mixing of the gas and air mixture has occurred to produce an ignitible mixture. Preferably, the means for igniting is located at a position where the flame, or other igniting means, penetrates the recirculation zone created by the means for st~hili7ing the ignited gæ and air mixture.
In the apparatus and method of the present invention, the ignited gæ and air mixture is stabilized to promote sU'Qst~nti~lly complete burning of the combustible components of the gas stream. The means for stabilizing the ignited gas and air mixture comprise means for creating a recirculation zone wLe~ the ignited gæ and air mixture recirculates. As descri'oed below in the more detailed description of the invention, the means for st~hili7ing may comprise a step between a first stack pipe that communicates with the gas supply pipe and a second stack pipe that emits the burned gæ and air mixture into the atmosphere. The means for st~hili7ing may alternatively collly.ise an object, preferably a cone or h~ rlt;, located in the interior of the stack pipe that creates recirculation.
After combustion of the comhu~tible com~nell~ of the gas stream has been achieved, the resultant g~ceou~ products are emitted from the stack pipe into the atmosphere. The emitting end of the stack pipe includes downwash inhibiting means to ensure that the gæeous products resulting from combustion of the gæ and air mixture are emitted upwardly into the atmosphere.
The method and apparatus of the present invention advantageously burns the combustible colllponclll~ of a gæ stream to minimi7? the emission of pollutants and smoke into ~o 94/21967 215 8 5 ~ ~ PCT/US94/02715 the atmosphere.
Further details and advantages of the apparatus and method of the present invention are 7 set forth in the following more de~iled description of the invention.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS:
Figure 1 depicts an embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention.
Figure 2 depicts an alternate embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION:
As set forth above, the a~ atus of the present invention colllpl ise~.
a stack pipe having one end in c~mmnnication with a gas supply pipe for receiving a gas stream;
means for introducing air into the stack pipe to produce an air and gas mixture;a mixing zone;
means for igniting the air and gas mixture;
means for stabilizing the ignited mixture; and means located at the other end of the stack pipe for inhibiting downwash of the gaseous products resulting from combustion of the gas and air mixture.
The ap~d~us of the present invention is particularly advantageous for use on the end of smoke stacks emitting combustible gases from industrial p,uce~s.
An embodiment of the ap~dl~ of the present invention is depicted in Figure 1. Aswill be readily understood by those of ordinary skill in the art, the app~dlus shown in hgure 1 is designed to be constructed over the end of a smoke stack emitting combustible gases.
With reference to hgure 1, the ap~ d~u~ of the present invention, 1, includes a stack pipe, 4, in communication with a gas supply pipe, ''. The inner diameter of the gas supply pipe, 2, is shown as D1 and the inner ~ mPter of the stack pipe, 4, is shown as D2. The arrangement of supply pipe, 2 and stack pipe, 4 should be such that the possibility of gas escaping into the ~tm~sphPre is minimi7PA In a preferred embodiment of the a~dlus of the present invention, Wo 94/21967 ~ PCT/US94/02715 the pipes overlap as shown in Figure 1. In Figure 1, Dl is smaller than D", and gas supply pipe '~, extends into stack pipe 4, thereby creating means, 5, for intro~llcing air into the stack pipe, 4. The distance that the pipes overlap is shown as H1. f ' In the embo-lim.?nt of the apparatus of the present invention shown in Figure 1, the means for introducing air into the stack pipe, 5, comprises the annular space between the gæ
supply pipe, 2 and the stack pipe, 4. Air is drawn through the annular space into the stack pipe 4. As set forth above, the arnount of air drawn into stack pipe, 4 should be sufficient to produce an ignitible gas and air mixture. Such detemmination is within the skill of those of ordinary skill in the art. As also set forth above, the means for introducing air into stack pipe, 4, may altemately comprise other means known in the art such as an air supply pipe in communication with stack pipe, 4.
The air mixes with the gases emitted from gas supply pipe, 2, in mixing zone, 6, to form an air and gæ mixture. The length of the mixing zone should be sufficient to allow sufficient mixing time for the introduced air and gas to produce an ignitible air gas mixture. In Figure 1, the length of the mixing zone is shown as H2.
Stack pipe, 4, cOI.t ~ g mixing zone, 6, communicates with one end of stack pipe, 10, having inner ~ m~ter~ D3, and cont~inin~ means, 14 for igniting the air and gæ mixture.
Means 14, may comprise any means known to the art for igniting combl~tible gases, including, but not limited to: pilot burners, spark ge~ dlc,-~ and the like.
The means for igniting, 14 may be located at any position in the apparatus of the present invention where sufficient mixing of the gæ and air mixture has occurred to produce an ignitible mixture. Preferably, the means for igniting is lorated at a position wherein the flame, or other igniting means, penetrates the recirculation zone created by the means for st~ 7ing the ignited gas and air mixture. In the ~nnbo~iim.ont depicted in hgure 1, the means for igniting, 14, are located a ~ t~n~ P from the end of stack pipe, 4, co~t~ining mixing zone, 6. The a~
of the present invention includes at least one means for igniting, and preferably includes more than one means for igniting spaced around the peliph~ly of stack pipe, 10.
Once the gas and air mixture has been ignited, the mixture will generally remain ~VO 94/21967 2 15 8 S 6 0 PCT/US94/02715 .
buming. Thus, once ignition occurs, the means for igniting may be tumed off. Preferably, however, the means for igniting is not tumed off to ensure a constant burning of the air and gas mixture.
In the embodiment of the present invention depicted in Figure 1, D3 is greater than D2, thereby creating step, 8, having a cross sectional width of W2. The width, W2 should be sufficient to create a st~hili7 ~tion _one for the ignited air and gas mixture. Stabili_ation is achieved by recirculation of the ignited air and gas mixture.
The length of stack pipe, 10, is shown as H3. Preferably, the length H3 should be sufficient to permit s~lbst~nti .lly complete combustion of the combustible co~ onents of the ignited air and gas ~
The other end of stack pipe, lO, communicates with the ~ o~ and includes means for inhibiting dowl.w~l-, 12, to ensure that the gaseous products resulting from combustion of the gas and air mixture are emitted upwardly into the ~m..~ f r~. As shown in Figure 1, the means for inhibiting dow~.w~l., 12, may cu...~..ise a fr~ ically flared portion of stack pipe, 10, which increases the ~ t~l of stack pipe, 10, to .1;;. ..ioter D4. The length and width of the nared portion of stack pipe, 10, which comprises the dow..w~sh inhibiting means, are shown as H4 and W3 respectively.
The apparatus of the present invention may be constructed f.~m materials known to those of ~ indly skill in the art. Suitable materials include, but are not limited to: staimess steel, refractory ...,~ and the like.
With reference to Flgure 1, in the method of the present invention, gas emitted from gas supply pipe, 2 mixes with air in mixing zone, 6. The resulting air and gas mixture travels into stack pipe, 10 where the mixture is ignited by ignition means, 14. The re~l~lting ignited mixture is st~ili7~1 as a result of step, 8. The combustible cornrnnrnt~ of the air and gas mixture continue to burn in stack pipe, 10 and are discl~d into the atmosphere. Downwashinhibiting means, 12, helps to ensure that the combustion products from the ignited gas and air llli;~lUlt; are emitted upwardly into the atmosphere.
Flgure 2 depicts an altemate embodiment of the a~ dtlls of the present invention. In wo 94/21967 21~ 8 5 6 ~ PCT/US94102715 ~
the apparatus depicted in Figure 2, intemal flame st~ ili7~tion means, ~0, is provided in stack pipe, 10. The intemal flame st~bili7~tion means, ''0, comprise any object that creates recirculation, preferably a `cone or hPmi~ph.ore and are sn~pçn~lPd in the stream flowing through stack pipe 10. The rem~in~lPr of the apparatus shown in Figure 2 is similar to the apparatus shown in Figure 1 except that in the Figure 2 apparatus, the step, 8, between stack pipes, 4 and 10, hæ been omitted. The dimensions, in~hl~ingr length and intemal ~ mPtPr~ of the stack pipes, downwash inhibiting means, and other parts of the d~d~US depicted in Figure '~ may, or may not, be the same as those described with reference to Figure 1.
In another altemative embodiment of the at~dt~Js of the present invention, the ayyd~dtus is cor~ ed with both the intemal flame st~bili7~tion means, 20, and extemal flarne stabilization means in the form of the step, 8, between stack pipes 4 and 10.
With reference to Flgure 2, in the method of the present invention, gas emitted from gas supply pipe, 2 mixes with air in mixing zone, 6. The resulting air and gas mixture travels into stack pipe, 10 where the mixture is ignited by ignition means, 14. The resulting ignited mixture by st~hili7ing means 20. The combustible com~Q~Pnt~ of the air and gas mixture continue to bum in stack pipe, 10 and are dischalged into the atmosphere. Dc ~.-w~h inhibiting means, 12, helps to ensure that the combustion yr~lu~t~ from the igruted gæ and air mixture are emitted u~ lly into the ~tmosphPre.
Further details of the ay~u~lus and method of the present invention, and their adv~nt~gP-s, will become apparent from the following Ex~mple A vacuum gPn~r~tQr Prima 600 proce~ss ind~lst~ mass s~:~lull-ehl, manufactured by VG Gas Analysis System, Ltd. of the United ~in~om was utilized to detemmine the co...y~ilion of the gas streams referred to in the following Example. Instructions for utili7ing the s~;~ meter ~cc....~ .y the m~hinl~ The gas streams were dried to approximately 2%
water, by weight, prior to analysis using Perma Pure dryers, manufactured by Perma Pure Products, Incorporated, of Toms River, New Jersey.
~o 94/21967 21~ 8 ~ 6 0 PCT/US94/02715 ~9 EXAMPLE:
This example illustrates the effectiveness of the method and apparatus of the present ~, invention.
An apparatus of the present invention, as depicted in Figure 1, was placed in communication with the combustion gas stream emitted from a carbon black furnace reactor during a carbon black production run. The apparatus of the present invention was constr.~cted from stainless steel and utilized a propane burner to ignite the air and gas mixture. The g~ y, and operating conditions, utilized are set forth in Table 1.
Table 1 - Apparatus Geometry D-1 (in.) 3.00 D-2 (in.) 4.31 D-3 (in.) 7.50 D4 (in.) 12.38 H-1 (in.) 3.00 H-2 (in.) 10.50 H-3 (in.) 7.50 H4 (in.) 2.44 W-l (in.) 0.66 W-2 (in.) 1.S9 W-3 (in.) 2.44 p (in.) 1.S0 ~ e Flow to Ignitor (scfh) 2.67 Ignitor Nozzle Size (in.) O.S0 Feed gas Rate (kscfh) 9.35 Feed gas Moisture (vol. %) 35.3 Feed gas Heat Value (BTUlSCF) 66 Tempc~lul-c in Supply Pipe, 2 (~F) 254 Stream Velocity in Supply Pipe, 2 (ft./s) 73 in. = inch(es); scfh = s~.d~h.l cubic feet per hour; kscfh = t~- u~n~l standard cubic feet per hour; voL % = volwne ~,~llt~ge; BTU = British thermal Wlit; F = degrees Fahrenheit; ft./s = feet per second The conl~ositions of the gas strearns entering and leaving the a~ us of the present invention were de~n,il.ed, after drying, according to the ~loc~lult;s described herein. The results are set forth in Table 2 below:
-Wo 94/21967 8 5 6 ~1 lo Table 2 - Dried Gas Stream Composition Compound Enterin~e Stream Exiting Stream N2 (vol. %) ~ 62.50 84.18 2 (vol. %) 3.56 0.00 C2 (vol. %) 2.44 13.61 Ar (vol. %) 0.67 0.99 C2H2(vol. %) 0.223 <0.003 H2 (vol. %) 14.99 0.18 CO(vol. %) 14.55 0.82 CH4 (vol. %) 0.772 < 0.003 H2S (ppmv) 626 <31 SO2 (ppmv) 631 2249 CS2 (ppmv) 959 < 15 COS (ppmv) 233 < 15 vol. % = volume per~ ~ge; ppmv = volume parts per million.
The results provided in Table 2 indicate that the method and apparatus of the present invention reduce the emission levels of all of the combl~tible components, including CS2, COS, and H2S
in the gas stream. These results also make it a~ nt that the combustion efficiency of the apparatus of the present invention is high.
These results in-l;~t.o that the method and ap~i of the present invention are adv~n~g~o~ for use in burning the comh~tible c~ n~ ; of gases.
It should be clearly understood that the forms of the present invention herein described are illustrative only and are not int~n-i~i to limit the scope of the invention.
Claims (3)
I claim:
1. An apparatus for burning the combustible components of a gas stream comprising;
a stack pipe having one end in communication with a gas supply pipe for receiving a gas stream;
means for introducing air into the stack pipe to produce an air and gas mixture;a mixing zone;
means for igniting the air and gas mixture;
stabilization means for stabilizing the ignited mixture; and means located at the other end of the stack pipe for inhibiting downwash of the gaseous products resulting from combustion of the gas and air mixture.
a stack pipe having one end in communication with a gas supply pipe for receiving a gas stream;
means for introducing air into the stack pipe to produce an air and gas mixture;a mixing zone;
means for igniting the air and gas mixture;
stabilization means for stabilizing the ignited mixture; and means located at the other end of the stack pipe for inhibiting downwash of the gaseous products resulting from combustion of the gas and air mixture.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a plurality of stack pipes wherein a first stack pipe contains said mixing zone, said means for igniting the air and gas mixture are located in a second stack pipe in communication with said first stack pipe and having a diameter larger than said first stack pipe, and wherein said flame stabilization means comprise the step between the first and second stack pipes.
3. A method for burning the combustible components of a gas stream comprising:
introducing a gas stream containing combustible components into one end of a stack pipe;
introducing air into the stack pipe to produce an air and gas mixture;
mixing the air and gas mixture in a mixing zone;
igniting the air and gas mixture;
stabilizing the flame produced by igniting the air and gas mixture;
allowing the gaseous products resulting from combustion of the gas and air mixture to exit the stack pipe;
inhibiting downwash of the gaseous products.
introducing a gas stream containing combustible components into one end of a stack pipe;
introducing air into the stack pipe to produce an air and gas mixture;
mixing the air and gas mixture in a mixing zone;
igniting the air and gas mixture;
stabilizing the flame produced by igniting the air and gas mixture;
allowing the gaseous products resulting from combustion of the gas and air mixture to exit the stack pipe;
inhibiting downwash of the gaseous products.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB9305820.4 | 1993-03-20 | ||
GB939305820A GB9305820D0 (en) | 1993-03-20 | 1993-03-20 | Apparatus and method for burning combustible gases |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA2158560A1 true CA2158560A1 (en) | 1994-09-29 |
Family
ID=10732448
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA 2158560 Abandoned CA2158560A1 (en) | 1993-03-20 | 1994-03-14 | Apparatus and method for burning combustible gases |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (2) | EP0913639B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH08507852A (en) |
CN (1) | CN1110648C (en) |
AU (1) | AU686151B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9406185A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2158560A1 (en) |
CZ (1) | CZ290561B6 (en) |
DE (2) | DE69419737D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2133550T3 (en) |
GB (1) | GB9305820D0 (en) |
HK (2) | HK1024943A1 (en) |
PT (1) | PT913639E (en) |
TW (1) | TW240282B (en) |
WO (1) | WO1994021967A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2794846B1 (en) * | 1999-10-12 | 2001-07-20 | Gaz De Petrole | OBSTACLE BURNER CREATING TURBULENCE |
FR2880103B1 (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2007-07-20 | Air Liquide | BURNER WITH ELECTRICAL IGNITION |
GB0509944D0 (en) * | 2005-05-16 | 2005-06-22 | Boc Group Plc | Gas combustion apparatus |
US7707818B2 (en) * | 2008-02-11 | 2010-05-04 | General Electric Company | Exhaust stacks and power generation systems for increasing gas turbine power output |
JP5404031B2 (en) * | 2008-12-26 | 2014-01-29 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Grand Flare |
JP5657335B2 (en) * | 2010-10-18 | 2015-01-21 | 株式会社桂精機製作所 | Oil mist removing burner and apparatus for generating oil smoke using the same |
WO2014127307A1 (en) * | 2013-02-14 | 2014-08-21 | Clearsign Combustion Corporation | Perforated flame holder and burner including a perforated flame holder |
CN103912884B (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2017-04-12 | 沈阳农业大学 | Biomass carbonization furnace tail gas treatment device |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1193820A (en) * | 1969-04-19 | 1970-06-03 | Ivor Hawkes | Improvements in or relating to Gas Burners |
GB1249967A (en) * | 1970-07-09 | 1971-10-13 | Joshua Swithenbank | Improvements in or relating to waste gas burners |
FR2178829B1 (en) | 1972-04-06 | 1974-12-13 | Melle Bezons | |
US3898317A (en) | 1972-07-24 | 1975-08-05 | Midland Ross Corp | Method for incinerating flue gases |
US3893810A (en) * | 1972-12-18 | 1975-07-08 | La Clede Lientz | Flare stack burner for odor and pollutant elimination |
US3852023A (en) | 1972-12-27 | 1974-12-03 | Hitachi Shipbuilding Eng Co | Apparatus disposing waste gas by burning |
GB1422906A (en) | 1973-05-18 | 1976-01-28 | Huettenwerksanlagen Mbh Ges Fu | Flare burner for burning off combustible waste gases |
US4003693A (en) * | 1975-03-06 | 1977-01-18 | Combustion Unlimited Incorporated | Flare stack gas burner |
JP2713627B2 (en) * | 1989-03-20 | 1998-02-16 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Gas turbine combustor, gas turbine equipment including the same, and combustion method |
-
1993
- 1993-03-20 GB GB939305820A patent/GB9305820D0/en active Pending
-
1994
- 1994-01-26 TW TW83100651A patent/TW240282B/zh active
- 1994-03-14 ES ES94912778T patent/ES2133550T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-03-14 EP EP99100417A patent/EP0913639B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-03-14 EP EP94912778A patent/EP0688414B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-03-14 DE DE69419737T patent/DE69419737D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-03-14 CZ CZ19952432A patent/CZ290561B6/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-03-14 DE DE69904244T patent/DE69904244D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-03-14 JP JP6521143A patent/JPH08507852A/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-03-14 PT PT99100417T patent/PT913639E/en unknown
- 1994-03-14 AU AU65191/94A patent/AU686151B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1994-03-14 CN CN94192025A patent/CN1110648C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-03-14 WO PCT/US1994/002715 patent/WO1994021967A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-03-14 BR BR9406185A patent/BR9406185A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-03-14 CA CA 2158560 patent/CA2158560A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
1998
- 1998-12-28 HK HK00102123A patent/HK1024943A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-12-28 HK HK98119159A patent/HK1015166A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BR9406185A (en) | 1996-02-06 |
DE69419737D1 (en) | 1999-09-02 |
DE69904244D1 (en) | 2003-01-16 |
CN1110648C (en) | 2003-06-04 |
GB9305820D0 (en) | 1993-05-05 |
EP0688414A1 (en) | 1995-12-27 |
ES2133550T3 (en) | 1999-09-16 |
TW240282B (en) | 1995-02-11 |
HK1015166A1 (en) | 1999-10-08 |
CZ290561B6 (en) | 2002-08-14 |
EP0913639A2 (en) | 1999-05-06 |
AU686151B2 (en) | 1998-02-05 |
PT913639E (en) | 2003-04-30 |
JPH08507852A (en) | 1996-08-20 |
CN1122629A (en) | 1996-05-15 |
AU6519194A (en) | 1994-10-11 |
HK1024943A1 (en) | 2000-10-27 |
EP0913639A3 (en) | 1999-08-11 |
EP0688414B1 (en) | 1999-07-28 |
WO1994021967A1 (en) | 1994-09-29 |
CZ243295A3 (en) | 1996-03-13 |
EP0913639B1 (en) | 2002-12-04 |
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