CA2151582A1 - Lubricating oil composition for use in final drive - Google Patents
Lubricating oil composition for use in final driveInfo
- Publication number
- CA2151582A1 CA2151582A1 CA002151582A CA2151582A CA2151582A1 CA 2151582 A1 CA2151582 A1 CA 2151582A1 CA 002151582 A CA002151582 A CA 002151582A CA 2151582 A CA2151582 A CA 2151582A CA 2151582 A1 CA2151582 A1 CA 2151582A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- lubricating oil
- final drive
- oil composition
- sulfurized oxymolybdenum
- group
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M141/10—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic phosphorus-containing compound
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M133/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen
- C10M133/52—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing nitrogen having a carbon chain of 30 or more atoms
- C10M133/56—Amides; Imides
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/02—Sulfurised compounds
- C10M135/04—Hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M135/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C10M135/20—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides
- C10M135/22—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
- C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
- C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M137/08—Ammonium or amine salts
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- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
- C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M137/10—Thio derivatives
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/026—Butene
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- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/06—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing conjugated dienes
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/024—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having at least two phenol groups but no condensed ring
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- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/026—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings with tertiary alkyl groups
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
- C10M2207/123—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms polycarboxylic
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- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
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- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/22—Acids obtained from polymerised unsaturated acids
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- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/287—Partial esters
- C10M2207/288—Partial esters containing free carboxyl groups
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- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
- C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/06—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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- C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
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- C10M2215/064—Di- and triaryl amines
- C10M2215/065—Phenyl-Naphthyl amines
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/042—Metal salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/043—Ammonium or amine salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/049—Phosphite
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/10—Phosphatides, e.g. lecithin, cephalin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2227/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2203/00, C10M2207/00, C10M2211/00, C10M2215/00, C10M2219/00 or C10M2223/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2227/06—Organic compounds derived from inorganic acids or metal salts
- C10M2227/061—Esters derived from boron
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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- C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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Abstract
A final-drive lubricating oil composition comprising a base oil and, added thereto, (A) 1-10 wt% of a sulfurized oxymolybdenum organophosphorodithioate represented by general formula (1), (wherein R1 and R2, which may be the same or different from each other, represent each C4-C18 alkyl or alkenyl; and p and q represent each a positive integer provided the sum of them equals 4), (B) 3-15 wt.% of at least one sulfur-base extreme-pressure agent selected from among sulfurized olefins and alkyl sulfides and (C) 0.1-5 wt.% of at least one phosphorus-base extreme-pressure agent selected from among phosphoric esters, phosphorous esters and alkyl-amine salts of phosphoric esters, each based on the whole composition. The composition serves to further improve the transmission effeciency at the differential gear under varied conditions of input torque, input rotational speed and oil temperature as compared with the conventional compositions containing additives based on sulfur and phosphorus compounds, thus leading to fuel consumption improvement.
Description
-LUBRICATING OIL COMPOSITION FOR USE IN FINAL DRIVE
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a novel lubricating oil composition for use in a final drive, and more particularly to a lubricating oil composition for use in a final drive for use in a car of a front- engine and rear-wheel-drive system or the like, which composition improves the efficiency of transmission in a differential gear under various conditions such as the input torque, the input number of revolutions and the temperature of the oil, as compared with the conventional ones comprising S-containing and P-cont~ining additives blended therein.
Prior Art The final drive of a ca,r has a function (1) of further decreasing a driving force decreased by a transmission and rectangularly changing the direction of the force, and a differential function (2) of securing smooth driving even when a difference in revolution arises between right and left driving wheels at the time of turning the car around. The former function is performed by a decelerator, while the latter function is performed by a differential gear. The decelerator is constituted of a decelerating pinion and a decelerating gear wheel.
Hypoid gears are generally used as such decelerating pinion and gear wheel.
On the other hand, the differential gear (differential) is constituted of two or four differential pinions and two differential gear wheels engaged therewith, which are built in a differential gear box. The differential pinions, which are connected to the differential gear box by means of a shaft, is capable of orbital revolution together with the gear box while revolving on its own axis around the shaft.
Consequently, a difference in revolution between the interior and exterior driving wheels can be mechanistically absorbed even if such a difference arises when the car is turned around.
The hypoid gears of a gear transmission mechanism as is used in the foregoing final drive of the car are exposed to severe conditions such as a high speed of revolution and a heavy load, leading to the necessity for a gear oil excellent in seizing-proofing and abrasion-proofing properties. Accordingly, use is generally made of a gear oil comprising a base oil admixed with a sulfur-cont~in;ng extreme-pressure additive such as an olefin sulfide or an alkyl sulfide and a phosphorus-containing extreme-pressure additive such as a phosphoric ester, a phosphorous ester or an alkylamine salt of a phosphoric ester, wherein the sulfur-containing extreme-pressure additive improves the above-mentioned seizing-proofing properties while the phosphorus-containing extreme-pressure additive improves the above-mentioned abrasion-proofing properties.
In the case of such a conventional gear oil comprising S-cont~ining and P-cont~ining additives blended therein to impart thereto extreme-pressure properties and abrasion-proofing properties, however, the efficiency of transmission in a differential gear is about 90 to 95%
depending on variable conditions such as the input torque, the input number of revolutions and the temperature of the oil, and hence is not necessarily satisfactory. Thus, it has been desired to develop a lubricating oil composition for use in a final drive which composition improves the efficiency of transmission in a differential gear under various conditions such as the input torque, the input number of revolutions and the temperature of the oil to thereby decrease the cost of fuel.
Disclosure of the Invention Under such circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a lubricating oil composition for use in a final drive for use - in a car of a front-engine and rear-wheel-drive system or the like, which composition improves the efficiency of transmission in a differential gear under various conditions such as the input torque, the input number of revolutions and the temperature of the oil and hence decreases the cost of fuel, as compared with the conventional ones comprising S-cont~ining and P-containing additives blended therein.
Means for Solving the Problems As a result of intensive investigations with a view to developing a lubricating oil composition for use in a final drive which composition has the foregoing favorable properties, the inventors of the present invention have found out that the above-mentioned object can be attained by a lubricating oil composition comprising a lubricant base oil, and a sulfurized oxymolybdenum organophosphorodithioate, a sulfur-containing extreme-pressure additive and a phosphorus-containing extreme-pressure additive each in a given amount. The present invention has been completed based on such a finding.
Specifically, in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a lubricating oil composition for use in a final drive characterized by comprising lubricant base oil(s); (A) 1 to 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition, of sulfurized oxymolybdenum organophosphorodithioate(s) represented by the general formula [1]:
[(RlO)(R'O)(S)P-S-]2-MO2S pO q ...[1]
(wherein R1 and R2, which may be either the same or different from each other, are an alkyl or alkenyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms;
and p and q are each a positive integer, provided that the sum of both is 4); (B) 3 to 15 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition, of at least one sulfur-contAining extreme-pressure additive selected from among olefin sulfides and alkyl sulfides; and (C) 0.1 to 5 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition, of at least one phosphorus-containing extreme-pressure additive selected from among phosphoric esters, phosphorous esters, and alkylamine salts of phosphoric esters.
srief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus as used in the LFW-1 friction test.
Fig. 2 is graphs showing the relationships between the input torque and the efficiency of transmission in the cases of respectively using a lubricating oil according to the present invention and an S-P blend oil.
Preferable embodiments of the Invention The present invention will now be described in detail.
Examples of the base oil to be used in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention, though not particularly restricted, include common base oils for use in the conventional lubricating oils, such as mineral and synthetic oils.
Examples of the mineral oils include 60 neutral oil, 100 neutral oil, 150 neutral oil, 300 neutral oil, and 500 neutral oil, which are prepared by refining with a solvent or through hydrogenation; and low-pour-point base oils improved in fluidity at low temperatures by removing wax from the above-enumerated base oils. These mineral oils may be used either alone or in mixture wherein at least two kinds of mineral oils are mixed together in a suitable proportion.
On the other hand, examples of the synthetic oils include a -olefin oligomers, diesters, polyol esters, and polyglycol esters.
These base oils may usually be used alone, but may also be used in mixture with mineral oil(s) as mentioned above. In the latter case, the mixing weight ratio of a synthetic oil to mineral oil(s) is, for example, in the range of 80:20 to 20:80.
The viscosity at 10.0 ~C of the base oil to be used in the composition of the present invention is preferably in the range of 3 to 20 cSt.
The component (A) to be used in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is sulfurized molybdenum organop hosphorodithioate(s) (MoDTP) represented by the general formula [1]:
[(RlO)(R'O)(S)P-S-]2-MO2S pO q ...[1]
In the above-mentioned formula [1], Rl and R', which may be either the same or different from each other, are an alkyl or alkenyl group having four to 18 carbon atoms, which group may be linear, branched, or cyclic; and p and q are each a positive integer, provided that the sum of both is four. Examples of Rl and R' include butyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, decyl, lauryl, myristyl, palmityl, stearyl, butenyl, pentenyl, octenyl and oleyl groups.
Specific examples of MoDTP represented by the above-mentioned general formula [1] include sulfurized oxymolybdenum butyl phosphorodithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum pentyl phosphorodithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum hexyl phosphorodithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum octyl phosphorodithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum 2-ethylhexyl phosphorodithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum decyl phosphorodithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum lauryl phosphorodithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum stearyl phosphorodithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum butenyl phosphorodithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum pentenyl phosphorodithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum 2-ethylhexenyl phosphoro-dithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum oleyl phosphoro-dithioate, and sulfurized oxymolybdenum cyclohexyl phosphorodithioate.
These MoDTP compounds may be used either alone or in combination of two or more kinds thereof. The amount of MoDTP to be blended in the composition is in the range of 1 to 10 wt. %, preferably 1 to 7 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition. When the amount is smaller than 1 wt. %, no effect of improving the efficiency of transmission in a differential gear under various conditions such as the input torque, the input number of revolutions and the temperature of the oil can sufficiently be exhibited. When it exceeds 10 wt. %, the resulting improvement in the above-mentioned effect is not worth an increase in the amount, and troubles such as sludge are liable to be caused.
The component (B) to be used in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is at least one sulfur-containing extreme-pressure additive selected from among olefin sulfides and alkyl sulfides.
Examples of the olefin sulfides include compounds represented by the general formula [2]:
R3-Sx-R~ ...................... [2]
In the above-mentioned general formula [2], R3 is an alkenyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms; R~ is an alkyl or alkenyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms; R3 and R~ are each linear, branched, or cyclic; and x is an integer of 1 to 8. A representative example of the olefin sulfides is isobutylene sulfide (X=l).
On the other hand, examples of the alkyl sulfides include compounds represented by the general formula [3]:
Rs-sy_R6 ...[3]
In the above-mentioned general formula [3], Rs and R6, which may be either the same or different from each other, are each an alkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, which group may be linear, branched, or cyclic; and y is an integer of 1 to 8. Representative examples of the alkyl sulfides include di-t-butyl disulfide and di-t-butyl trisulfide.
In the composition of the present invention, these sulfur-cont~ining extreme-pressure additives may be used either alone or in combination of two or more kinds thereof as the component (B), the amount of which to be blended therein is in the range of 3 to 15 wt. ~, preferably 5 to 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition.
The sulfur-containing extreme-pressure additive generally forms a sulfurized skin in a frictional surface, and hence functions in such a way as to improve the load resistance performance of the base oil(s).
When the above-mentioned amount is smaller than 3 wt. ~, the foregoing functional effect cannot sufficiently be exhibited to make the resulting composition unsuitable as a gear oil for use in a car. When it exceeds 15 wt. %, the resulting improvement in the foregoing effect is not worth an increase in the amount, while a difficulty is encountered in dissolving the increased amount of the component (B) in the base oil ( s ) .
The component ( C ) to be used in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is at least one phosphorus-containing extreme-pressure additive selected from among phosphoric esters, phosphorous esters, and alklyamine salts of phosphoric esters.
Examples of the above-mentioned phosphoric esters ( Pa ) and phosphorous esters ( Pi ) include a variety of phosphorus-containing compounds represented by the formula: O=P(OR7 )(OR8 )(OR9 ), O=P(OH)(OR' ) (OR8 )~ O=P(OH)2 (OR7 ), P(OR7 )(OR8 )(OR9 ), P(OH)(OR7 )(OR8 ), or P(OH) 2 (OR7 ). In the above-mentioned formulae, R7, R9 and R9, which may be either the same or different from each othe~, are each a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl group having four to 30 of carbon atoms, preferably 20 or less of carbon atoms, an aryl group, or an alkylaryl group.
Representative examples of these phosphoric and phosphorous esters include oleyl acid phosphate in the form of a mixture of (Cl8 )H3sO)P(OH) 2 O and (Cl 8 H3 s O)2 -P(OH)O, and dioleyl hydrogen phosphite represented by the formula: (Cl 8 H3 s O)2 P(OH) .
On the other hand, an alkylamine salt of a phosphoric ester ( Pa-A ) is a reaction product of the phosphoric ester with the alkylamine, examples of which are the ones represented by the general formula [ 4 ]:
(Rl )m P(O) (OH)3 ~m [NHn (Rl l )3 ~n ]3 ~m .. [4]
In the above-mentioned general formula [ 4 ], Rl is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl group having four to 30 of carbon atoms, preferably 20 or less of carbon atoms, an aryl group, or an alkylaryl group; Rl l is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl group having four to 30 of carbon atoms, preferably 20 or less of carbon atoms; m and n are each 1 or 2; a plurality of Rl, if any, may be either the same or different from each other; and a plurality of Rll, if any, may be either the same or different from each other.
In the above-mentioned general formula [4], examples of Rl include butyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, decyl, lauryl, myristyl,palmityl, stearyl, oleyl, eicosyl, phenyl and cresyl groups;
and examples of Rll include butyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, decyl, lauryl, myristyl, palmityl, stearyl, oleyl and eicosyl groups.
Representative examples of the alkylamine salt of the phosphoric ester represented by the above-mentioned general formula [4] include oleylamine salt of diisooctyl acid phosphate [a reaction product of (i-C8 Hl 7 0)2 P(OH)O with (Cl~H3s)NH2], and oleylamine salt of 2-ethylhexyl acid phosphate.
In the composition of the present invention, the above-mentioned phosphorus-containing extreme-pressure additives may be used either alone or in combination of two or more kinds thereof. The amount of the phosphorus-cont~ining extreme-pressure additive(s) to be blended in the composition is in the range of 0.1 to 5 wt. %, preferably 0.5 to 4 wt.
%, based on the total weight of the composition. When this amount is smaller than 0.1 wt. %, the resulting composition is never excellent in frictional properties and abrasion-proofing properties. When it exceeds 5 wt. %, the resulting improvements in such effects are not worth an increase in the amount, while a difficulty is encountered in dissolving the increased amount of the additive(s) in the base oil(s).
The phosphorus-containing extreme-pressure additive(s) as the component (C) is generally great in abrasion-proofing effect, and moreover functions as an assistant capable of promoting the effect of the sulfur-cont~ining extreme-pressure additive. The phosphoric ester ~.. ... .
attains improvements particularly in initial (run-in) frictional properties and abrasion-proofing properties, whereas the phosphorous ester functions in such a way as to secure low frictional properties over a long period of time particularly after the run-in. On the other hand, the alkylamine salt of the phosphoric ester is excellent particularly in abrasion-proofing properties for gears.
In so far as the object of the present invention is not spoiled, the lubricating oil composition of the present invention may appropriately be admixed with a variety of common additives for use in the conventional lubricating oils, examples of which additives include a metal-cleaning agent, an ash-free leaning dispersant, a viscosity index improver, a pour point depressant, an antioxidizing agent, a rust inhibitor, a corrosion inhibitor, and an antifoaming agent.
Examples of the metal.cleaning agent include calcium sulfonates, magnesium sulfonates, barium sulfonates, calcium phenate, and barium phenate. The amount of the metal-cleaning agent that may be used is usually in the range of 0.1 to 5 wt. %. Examples of the ash-free cleaning dispersant include succinimide compounds, succinamide compounds, benzylamine compounds and boron-containing derivatives thereof, and ester compounds. The amount of the ash-free cleaning agent that may be used is usually in the range of 0.5 to 7 wt. %.
Examples of the viscosity index improver include polymethacrylates, polyisobutylene, ethylene-propylene copolymers, and hydrogenated styrene-butadiene copolymers. The amount of the viscosity index improver that may be used is usually in the range of 0.5 to 35 wt. %.
Examples of the antioxidizing agent include amine antioxidizing agents such as alkylated diphenylamines, phenyl-a -naphthylamine, and alkylated-a -naphthylamines; and phenolic antioxidizing agents such as 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol and 4,4'- methylenebis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol). The amount of the antioxidizing agent that may be used is usually in the range of 0.05 to 2 wt. %.
Examples of the rust inhibitor include alkenylsuccinic acids and partial esters thereof. Examples of the corrosion inhibitor include benzotriazole and benzimidazole. Examples of the antifoaming agent include dimethylpolysiloxane and polyacrylates, which may be appropriately added.
Examples The following Examples further illustrates the present invention in more detail, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
The friction coefficient (LFW-1), efficiency of torque transmission in a real machine, and seizing-proofing properties (API service classification) of each lubricating oil composition were determined as follows.
(1) Friction coefficient (LFW-1) A tester as shown in Fig. 1 was used together with an S-10 test ring (steel) manufactured by Falex Corporation and an H-60 block (steel) manufactured by Falex Corporation under conditions involving a sliding velocity of 1.4 m/sec, a load of 113 kgf and an oil temperature of 100 C to carry out the LFW-1 friction test. In Fig. 1, numeral 1 refers to the S-10 test ring, numeral 2 to the H-60 block, and numeral 3 to a strain meter. The load was applied onto the H-60 block to revolve the ring, whereupon a resistance arose, which was detected with the strain meter to calculate the friction coefficient. The test oil was filled to such an extent that the ring was dipped therein by about half.
(2) Efficiency of torque transmission in real machine (%) The test was carried out under conditions involving an input torque of 3 kgf- m, an input number of revolutions of 1,000 rpm and an oil temperature of 50 C to determine the efficiency (%) of torque transmission in the real machine.
(3) Seizing-proofing properties (API service classification) The seizing-proofing properties were determined in accordance with the CRC L-42 test. The higher the value, the better the seizing-proofing properties.
Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 Lubricating oil compositions each containing a base oil (a highly refiner mineral oil having a viscosity at 100C of 11.0 cSt) and various kinds of componen~s as listed in Table 1, the amounts of which are also specified in Table 1, were prepared to determine the friction coefficients (LFW-1), efficiencies of torque transmission in the real machine, and seizing-proofing properties of the compositions. The results are shown in Table 1.
Further, the graphs in Fig. 2 shows the relationships between the input torque and the efficiency of transmission in the cases of respectively using a lubricating oil according to the present invention and an S-P blend oil.
Table 1 Ccmp. Comp. Comp. Comp.
Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Sulfurized oxymolybdenum 2.5 4.0 5.0 3.5 (hexyl) phosphorodithir~te - - 4.0 Sulfurized oxymolybdenum Contents (2-ethylhexyl) of dithio~arbamate - - - - - - - 4.0 additives Isobutylene sulfide 7.0 8.5 7.0 6.5 7.0 6.5 - 7.0 ~3 ~_ (wt. %) Oleylamine salt of 2- CJ~
c~ ethylhexyl acid ~ ~h~te 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.5 3.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 Dioleyl phosphite 2.0 2.0 2.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Cx~
Oleyl acid r~n~h~te 0.5 0.5 ~ 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 2 Polybutenyl succininimide 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Friction ccPffi~i~nt (LFW-l) 0.076 0.073 0.073 0.075: 0.087 0.085 0.078 0.082 ~ffi~i~n~y of torque Eveluation trar ~inn in real machine (%) 93.8 94.1 94.3 94.0 92.8 92.8 93.8 93.1 Seizing-proofing properties (API servioe cl~ific~tion) GL-5 GL-5 GL-5 GL-5 GL-5 GL-5 GL-3 GLr4.5 _ 2151582 As is understandable from Table 1, each of the lubricating oil compositions according to the present invention was low in the friction coefficient (LFW-1) and improved in the efficiency of torque transmission in the real machine and the seizing-proofing properties, as compared with the conventional ones comprising S-containing and P-contAining additives blended therein.
Effects of the Invention The lubricating oil composition of the present invention for use in a final drive, wherein base oiI(s) is blended with a combination of phosphorus-containing extreme-pressure additive(s) and sulfur-containing extreme-pressure additive(s) with MoDTP, improves the efficiency of transmission in a differential gear under various conditions such as the input torque, the input number of revolutions and the temperature of the oil and hence decreases the cost of fuel, as compared with the conventional ones comprising S-containing and p-containing additives blended therein.
Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a novel lubricating oil composition for use in a final drive, and more particularly to a lubricating oil composition for use in a final drive for use in a car of a front- engine and rear-wheel-drive system or the like, which composition improves the efficiency of transmission in a differential gear under various conditions such as the input torque, the input number of revolutions and the temperature of the oil, as compared with the conventional ones comprising S-containing and P-cont~ining additives blended therein.
Prior Art The final drive of a ca,r has a function (1) of further decreasing a driving force decreased by a transmission and rectangularly changing the direction of the force, and a differential function (2) of securing smooth driving even when a difference in revolution arises between right and left driving wheels at the time of turning the car around. The former function is performed by a decelerator, while the latter function is performed by a differential gear. The decelerator is constituted of a decelerating pinion and a decelerating gear wheel.
Hypoid gears are generally used as such decelerating pinion and gear wheel.
On the other hand, the differential gear (differential) is constituted of two or four differential pinions and two differential gear wheels engaged therewith, which are built in a differential gear box. The differential pinions, which are connected to the differential gear box by means of a shaft, is capable of orbital revolution together with the gear box while revolving on its own axis around the shaft.
Consequently, a difference in revolution between the interior and exterior driving wheels can be mechanistically absorbed even if such a difference arises when the car is turned around.
The hypoid gears of a gear transmission mechanism as is used in the foregoing final drive of the car are exposed to severe conditions such as a high speed of revolution and a heavy load, leading to the necessity for a gear oil excellent in seizing-proofing and abrasion-proofing properties. Accordingly, use is generally made of a gear oil comprising a base oil admixed with a sulfur-cont~in;ng extreme-pressure additive such as an olefin sulfide or an alkyl sulfide and a phosphorus-containing extreme-pressure additive such as a phosphoric ester, a phosphorous ester or an alkylamine salt of a phosphoric ester, wherein the sulfur-containing extreme-pressure additive improves the above-mentioned seizing-proofing properties while the phosphorus-containing extreme-pressure additive improves the above-mentioned abrasion-proofing properties.
In the case of such a conventional gear oil comprising S-cont~ining and P-cont~ining additives blended therein to impart thereto extreme-pressure properties and abrasion-proofing properties, however, the efficiency of transmission in a differential gear is about 90 to 95%
depending on variable conditions such as the input torque, the input number of revolutions and the temperature of the oil, and hence is not necessarily satisfactory. Thus, it has been desired to develop a lubricating oil composition for use in a final drive which composition improves the efficiency of transmission in a differential gear under various conditions such as the input torque, the input number of revolutions and the temperature of the oil to thereby decrease the cost of fuel.
Disclosure of the Invention Under such circumstances, an object of the present invention is to provide a lubricating oil composition for use in a final drive for use - in a car of a front-engine and rear-wheel-drive system or the like, which composition improves the efficiency of transmission in a differential gear under various conditions such as the input torque, the input number of revolutions and the temperature of the oil and hence decreases the cost of fuel, as compared with the conventional ones comprising S-cont~ining and P-containing additives blended therein.
Means for Solving the Problems As a result of intensive investigations with a view to developing a lubricating oil composition for use in a final drive which composition has the foregoing favorable properties, the inventors of the present invention have found out that the above-mentioned object can be attained by a lubricating oil composition comprising a lubricant base oil, and a sulfurized oxymolybdenum organophosphorodithioate, a sulfur-containing extreme-pressure additive and a phosphorus-containing extreme-pressure additive each in a given amount. The present invention has been completed based on such a finding.
Specifically, in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a lubricating oil composition for use in a final drive characterized by comprising lubricant base oil(s); (A) 1 to 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition, of sulfurized oxymolybdenum organophosphorodithioate(s) represented by the general formula [1]:
[(RlO)(R'O)(S)P-S-]2-MO2S pO q ...[1]
(wherein R1 and R2, which may be either the same or different from each other, are an alkyl or alkenyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms;
and p and q are each a positive integer, provided that the sum of both is 4); (B) 3 to 15 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition, of at least one sulfur-contAining extreme-pressure additive selected from among olefin sulfides and alkyl sulfides; and (C) 0.1 to 5 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition, of at least one phosphorus-containing extreme-pressure additive selected from among phosphoric esters, phosphorous esters, and alkylamine salts of phosphoric esters.
srief Description of the Drawings Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus as used in the LFW-1 friction test.
Fig. 2 is graphs showing the relationships between the input torque and the efficiency of transmission in the cases of respectively using a lubricating oil according to the present invention and an S-P blend oil.
Preferable embodiments of the Invention The present invention will now be described in detail.
Examples of the base oil to be used in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention, though not particularly restricted, include common base oils for use in the conventional lubricating oils, such as mineral and synthetic oils.
Examples of the mineral oils include 60 neutral oil, 100 neutral oil, 150 neutral oil, 300 neutral oil, and 500 neutral oil, which are prepared by refining with a solvent or through hydrogenation; and low-pour-point base oils improved in fluidity at low temperatures by removing wax from the above-enumerated base oils. These mineral oils may be used either alone or in mixture wherein at least two kinds of mineral oils are mixed together in a suitable proportion.
On the other hand, examples of the synthetic oils include a -olefin oligomers, diesters, polyol esters, and polyglycol esters.
These base oils may usually be used alone, but may also be used in mixture with mineral oil(s) as mentioned above. In the latter case, the mixing weight ratio of a synthetic oil to mineral oil(s) is, for example, in the range of 80:20 to 20:80.
The viscosity at 10.0 ~C of the base oil to be used in the composition of the present invention is preferably in the range of 3 to 20 cSt.
The component (A) to be used in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is sulfurized molybdenum organop hosphorodithioate(s) (MoDTP) represented by the general formula [1]:
[(RlO)(R'O)(S)P-S-]2-MO2S pO q ...[1]
In the above-mentioned formula [1], Rl and R', which may be either the same or different from each other, are an alkyl or alkenyl group having four to 18 carbon atoms, which group may be linear, branched, or cyclic; and p and q are each a positive integer, provided that the sum of both is four. Examples of Rl and R' include butyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, decyl, lauryl, myristyl, palmityl, stearyl, butenyl, pentenyl, octenyl and oleyl groups.
Specific examples of MoDTP represented by the above-mentioned general formula [1] include sulfurized oxymolybdenum butyl phosphorodithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum pentyl phosphorodithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum hexyl phosphorodithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum octyl phosphorodithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum 2-ethylhexyl phosphorodithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum decyl phosphorodithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum lauryl phosphorodithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum stearyl phosphorodithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum butenyl phosphorodithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum pentenyl phosphorodithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum 2-ethylhexenyl phosphoro-dithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum oleyl phosphoro-dithioate, and sulfurized oxymolybdenum cyclohexyl phosphorodithioate.
These MoDTP compounds may be used either alone or in combination of two or more kinds thereof. The amount of MoDTP to be blended in the composition is in the range of 1 to 10 wt. %, preferably 1 to 7 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition. When the amount is smaller than 1 wt. %, no effect of improving the efficiency of transmission in a differential gear under various conditions such as the input torque, the input number of revolutions and the temperature of the oil can sufficiently be exhibited. When it exceeds 10 wt. %, the resulting improvement in the above-mentioned effect is not worth an increase in the amount, and troubles such as sludge are liable to be caused.
The component (B) to be used in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is at least one sulfur-containing extreme-pressure additive selected from among olefin sulfides and alkyl sulfides.
Examples of the olefin sulfides include compounds represented by the general formula [2]:
R3-Sx-R~ ...................... [2]
In the above-mentioned general formula [2], R3 is an alkenyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms; R~ is an alkyl or alkenyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms; R3 and R~ are each linear, branched, or cyclic; and x is an integer of 1 to 8. A representative example of the olefin sulfides is isobutylene sulfide (X=l).
On the other hand, examples of the alkyl sulfides include compounds represented by the general formula [3]:
Rs-sy_R6 ...[3]
In the above-mentioned general formula [3], Rs and R6, which may be either the same or different from each other, are each an alkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, which group may be linear, branched, or cyclic; and y is an integer of 1 to 8. Representative examples of the alkyl sulfides include di-t-butyl disulfide and di-t-butyl trisulfide.
In the composition of the present invention, these sulfur-cont~ining extreme-pressure additives may be used either alone or in combination of two or more kinds thereof as the component (B), the amount of which to be blended therein is in the range of 3 to 15 wt. ~, preferably 5 to 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of the composition.
The sulfur-containing extreme-pressure additive generally forms a sulfurized skin in a frictional surface, and hence functions in such a way as to improve the load resistance performance of the base oil(s).
When the above-mentioned amount is smaller than 3 wt. ~, the foregoing functional effect cannot sufficiently be exhibited to make the resulting composition unsuitable as a gear oil for use in a car. When it exceeds 15 wt. %, the resulting improvement in the foregoing effect is not worth an increase in the amount, while a difficulty is encountered in dissolving the increased amount of the component (B) in the base oil ( s ) .
The component ( C ) to be used in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention is at least one phosphorus-containing extreme-pressure additive selected from among phosphoric esters, phosphorous esters, and alklyamine salts of phosphoric esters.
Examples of the above-mentioned phosphoric esters ( Pa ) and phosphorous esters ( Pi ) include a variety of phosphorus-containing compounds represented by the formula: O=P(OR7 )(OR8 )(OR9 ), O=P(OH)(OR' ) (OR8 )~ O=P(OH)2 (OR7 ), P(OR7 )(OR8 )(OR9 ), P(OH)(OR7 )(OR8 ), or P(OH) 2 (OR7 ). In the above-mentioned formulae, R7, R9 and R9, which may be either the same or different from each othe~, are each a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl group having four to 30 of carbon atoms, preferably 20 or less of carbon atoms, an aryl group, or an alkylaryl group.
Representative examples of these phosphoric and phosphorous esters include oleyl acid phosphate in the form of a mixture of (Cl8 )H3sO)P(OH) 2 O and (Cl 8 H3 s O)2 -P(OH)O, and dioleyl hydrogen phosphite represented by the formula: (Cl 8 H3 s O)2 P(OH) .
On the other hand, an alkylamine salt of a phosphoric ester ( Pa-A ) is a reaction product of the phosphoric ester with the alkylamine, examples of which are the ones represented by the general formula [ 4 ]:
(Rl )m P(O) (OH)3 ~m [NHn (Rl l )3 ~n ]3 ~m .. [4]
In the above-mentioned general formula [ 4 ], Rl is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl group having four to 30 of carbon atoms, preferably 20 or less of carbon atoms, an aryl group, or an alkylaryl group; Rl l is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl group having four to 30 of carbon atoms, preferably 20 or less of carbon atoms; m and n are each 1 or 2; a plurality of Rl, if any, may be either the same or different from each other; and a plurality of Rll, if any, may be either the same or different from each other.
In the above-mentioned general formula [4], examples of Rl include butyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, decyl, lauryl, myristyl,palmityl, stearyl, oleyl, eicosyl, phenyl and cresyl groups;
and examples of Rll include butyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, decyl, lauryl, myristyl, palmityl, stearyl, oleyl and eicosyl groups.
Representative examples of the alkylamine salt of the phosphoric ester represented by the above-mentioned general formula [4] include oleylamine salt of diisooctyl acid phosphate [a reaction product of (i-C8 Hl 7 0)2 P(OH)O with (Cl~H3s)NH2], and oleylamine salt of 2-ethylhexyl acid phosphate.
In the composition of the present invention, the above-mentioned phosphorus-containing extreme-pressure additives may be used either alone or in combination of two or more kinds thereof. The amount of the phosphorus-cont~ining extreme-pressure additive(s) to be blended in the composition is in the range of 0.1 to 5 wt. %, preferably 0.5 to 4 wt.
%, based on the total weight of the composition. When this amount is smaller than 0.1 wt. %, the resulting composition is never excellent in frictional properties and abrasion-proofing properties. When it exceeds 5 wt. %, the resulting improvements in such effects are not worth an increase in the amount, while a difficulty is encountered in dissolving the increased amount of the additive(s) in the base oil(s).
The phosphorus-containing extreme-pressure additive(s) as the component (C) is generally great in abrasion-proofing effect, and moreover functions as an assistant capable of promoting the effect of the sulfur-cont~ining extreme-pressure additive. The phosphoric ester ~.. ... .
attains improvements particularly in initial (run-in) frictional properties and abrasion-proofing properties, whereas the phosphorous ester functions in such a way as to secure low frictional properties over a long period of time particularly after the run-in. On the other hand, the alkylamine salt of the phosphoric ester is excellent particularly in abrasion-proofing properties for gears.
In so far as the object of the present invention is not spoiled, the lubricating oil composition of the present invention may appropriately be admixed with a variety of common additives for use in the conventional lubricating oils, examples of which additives include a metal-cleaning agent, an ash-free leaning dispersant, a viscosity index improver, a pour point depressant, an antioxidizing agent, a rust inhibitor, a corrosion inhibitor, and an antifoaming agent.
Examples of the metal.cleaning agent include calcium sulfonates, magnesium sulfonates, barium sulfonates, calcium phenate, and barium phenate. The amount of the metal-cleaning agent that may be used is usually in the range of 0.1 to 5 wt. %. Examples of the ash-free cleaning dispersant include succinimide compounds, succinamide compounds, benzylamine compounds and boron-containing derivatives thereof, and ester compounds. The amount of the ash-free cleaning agent that may be used is usually in the range of 0.5 to 7 wt. %.
Examples of the viscosity index improver include polymethacrylates, polyisobutylene, ethylene-propylene copolymers, and hydrogenated styrene-butadiene copolymers. The amount of the viscosity index improver that may be used is usually in the range of 0.5 to 35 wt. %.
Examples of the antioxidizing agent include amine antioxidizing agents such as alkylated diphenylamines, phenyl-a -naphthylamine, and alkylated-a -naphthylamines; and phenolic antioxidizing agents such as 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol and 4,4'- methylenebis(2,6-di-t-butylphenol). The amount of the antioxidizing agent that may be used is usually in the range of 0.05 to 2 wt. %.
Examples of the rust inhibitor include alkenylsuccinic acids and partial esters thereof. Examples of the corrosion inhibitor include benzotriazole and benzimidazole. Examples of the antifoaming agent include dimethylpolysiloxane and polyacrylates, which may be appropriately added.
Examples The following Examples further illustrates the present invention in more detail, but should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
The friction coefficient (LFW-1), efficiency of torque transmission in a real machine, and seizing-proofing properties (API service classification) of each lubricating oil composition were determined as follows.
(1) Friction coefficient (LFW-1) A tester as shown in Fig. 1 was used together with an S-10 test ring (steel) manufactured by Falex Corporation and an H-60 block (steel) manufactured by Falex Corporation under conditions involving a sliding velocity of 1.4 m/sec, a load of 113 kgf and an oil temperature of 100 C to carry out the LFW-1 friction test. In Fig. 1, numeral 1 refers to the S-10 test ring, numeral 2 to the H-60 block, and numeral 3 to a strain meter. The load was applied onto the H-60 block to revolve the ring, whereupon a resistance arose, which was detected with the strain meter to calculate the friction coefficient. The test oil was filled to such an extent that the ring was dipped therein by about half.
(2) Efficiency of torque transmission in real machine (%) The test was carried out under conditions involving an input torque of 3 kgf- m, an input number of revolutions of 1,000 rpm and an oil temperature of 50 C to determine the efficiency (%) of torque transmission in the real machine.
(3) Seizing-proofing properties (API service classification) The seizing-proofing properties were determined in accordance with the CRC L-42 test. The higher the value, the better the seizing-proofing properties.
Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 Lubricating oil compositions each containing a base oil (a highly refiner mineral oil having a viscosity at 100C of 11.0 cSt) and various kinds of componen~s as listed in Table 1, the amounts of which are also specified in Table 1, were prepared to determine the friction coefficients (LFW-1), efficiencies of torque transmission in the real machine, and seizing-proofing properties of the compositions. The results are shown in Table 1.
Further, the graphs in Fig. 2 shows the relationships between the input torque and the efficiency of transmission in the cases of respectively using a lubricating oil according to the present invention and an S-P blend oil.
Table 1 Ccmp. Comp. Comp. Comp.
Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Ex. 1 Ex. 2 Ex. 3 Ex. 4 Sulfurized oxymolybdenum 2.5 4.0 5.0 3.5 (hexyl) phosphorodithir~te - - 4.0 Sulfurized oxymolybdenum Contents (2-ethylhexyl) of dithio~arbamate - - - - - - - 4.0 additives Isobutylene sulfide 7.0 8.5 7.0 6.5 7.0 6.5 - 7.0 ~3 ~_ (wt. %) Oleylamine salt of 2- CJ~
c~ ethylhexyl acid ~ ~h~te 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.5 3.0 2.5 3.0 3.0 Dioleyl phosphite 2.0 2.0 2.5 1.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Cx~
Oleyl acid r~n~h~te 0.5 0.5 ~ 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 2 Polybutenyl succininimide 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Friction ccPffi~i~nt (LFW-l) 0.076 0.073 0.073 0.075: 0.087 0.085 0.078 0.082 ~ffi~i~n~y of torque Eveluation trar ~inn in real machine (%) 93.8 94.1 94.3 94.0 92.8 92.8 93.8 93.1 Seizing-proofing properties (API servioe cl~ific~tion) GL-5 GL-5 GL-5 GL-5 GL-5 GL-5 GL-3 GLr4.5 _ 2151582 As is understandable from Table 1, each of the lubricating oil compositions according to the present invention was low in the friction coefficient (LFW-1) and improved in the efficiency of torque transmission in the real machine and the seizing-proofing properties, as compared with the conventional ones comprising S-containing and P-contAining additives blended therein.
Effects of the Invention The lubricating oil composition of the present invention for use in a final drive, wherein base oiI(s) is blended with a combination of phosphorus-containing extreme-pressure additive(s) and sulfur-containing extreme-pressure additive(s) with MoDTP, improves the efficiency of transmission in a differential gear under various conditions such as the input torque, the input number of revolutions and the temperature of the oil and hence decreases the cost of fuel, as compared with the conventional ones comprising S-containing and p-containing additives blended therein.
Claims (15)
1. A lubricating oil composition for use in a final drive characterized by comprising lubricant base oil(s); (A) 1 to 10 wt. %, based on the total weight of said composition, of sulfurized oxymolybdenum organophosphorodithioate(s) represented by the general formula [1]:
[(R1O)(R2O)(S)P-S-]2-MO2S p O q ...[1]
(wherein R1 and R2, which may be either the same or different from each other, are an alkyl or alkenyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms;
and p and q are each a positive integer, provided that the sum of both is 4); (B) 3 to 15 wt. %, based on the total weight of said composition, of at least one sulfur-containing extreme-pressure additive selected from among olefin sulfides and alkyl sulfides; and (C) 0.1 to 5 wt. %, based on the total weight of said composition, of at least one phosphorus-containing extreme-pressure additive selected from among phosphoric esters, phosphorous esters, and alkylamine salts of phosphoric esters.
[(R1O)(R2O)(S)P-S-]2-MO2S p O q ...[1]
(wherein R1 and R2, which may be either the same or different from each other, are an alkyl or alkenyl group having 4 to 18 carbon atoms;
and p and q are each a positive integer, provided that the sum of both is 4); (B) 3 to 15 wt. %, based on the total weight of said composition, of at least one sulfur-containing extreme-pressure additive selected from among olefin sulfides and alkyl sulfides; and (C) 0.1 to 5 wt. %, based on the total weight of said composition, of at least one phosphorus-containing extreme-pressure additive selected from among phosphoric esters, phosphorous esters, and alkylamine salts of phosphoric esters.
2. The lubricating oil composition for use in a final drive characterized according to claim 1 wherein the viscosity at 100 °C of the base oil is in the range of 3 to 20 cSt.
3. The lubricating oil composition for use in a final drive characterized according to claim 1 wherein R1 and R2 of formula [1] are selected from the group consisting of butyl, pentyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, decyl, lauryl, myristyl, palmityl, stearyl, butenyl, pentenyl, octenyl and oleyl groups.
4. The lubricating oil composition for use in a final drive characterized according to claim 1 wherein component (A) is selected from the group consisting of sulfurized oxymolybdenum dibutyl phosphorodithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum dipentyl phosphorodithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum dihexyl phosphorodithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum dioctyl phosphorodithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum-di-2-ethylhexyl phosphorodithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum didecyl phosphorodithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum dilauryl phosphorodithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum distearyl phosphorodithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum dibutenyl phosphorodithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum dipentenyl phosphorodithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum-di-2-ethylhexenyl phosphoro-dithioate, sulfurized oxymolybdenum dioleyl phosphoro-dithioate, and sulfurized oxymolybdenum dicyclohexyl phosphorodithioate.
5. The lubricating oil composition for use in a final drive according to claim 1 wherein the olefin sulfide is the compound represented by the general formula [2]:
R3-Sx-R4 ...[2]
Wherein R3 is an alkenyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms; R4 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms; R3 and R4 are each linear, branched, or cyclic; and x is an integer of 1 to 8.
R3-Sx-R4 ...[2]
Wherein R3 is an alkenyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms; R4 is an alkyl or alkenyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms; R3 and R4 are each linear, branched, or cyclic; and x is an integer of 1 to 8.
6. The lubricating oil composition for use in a final drive according to claim 1 wherein the olefin sulfide is an isobutylene sulfide.
7. The lubricating oil composition for use in a final drive according to claim 1 wherein the alkyl sulfide is the compound represented by the general formula [3]:
R5-Sy- R6 ...[3]
wherein R5 and R6, which may be either the same or different from each other, are each an alkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, which group may be linear, branched, or cyclic; and y is an integer of 1 to 8.
R5-Sy- R6 ...[3]
wherein R5 and R6, which may be either the same or different from each other, are each an alkyl group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms, which group may be linear, branched, or cyclic; and y is an integer of 1 to 8.
8. The lubricating oil composition for use in a final drive according to claim 1 wherein the alkyl sulfide is a di-t-butyl disulfide or a di-t-butyl trisulfide.
9. The lubricating oil composition for use in a final drive according to claim 1 wherein the phosphoric ester and phosphorous ester are selected from the group consisting of the compounds represented by the formula: O=P(OR7)(OR8)(OR9), O=P(OH)(OR7)(OR8), O=P(OH)2 (OR7), P(OR7) (OR8)(OR9), P(OH)(OR7)(OR8), and P(OH)2(OR7):
wherein R7, R8 and R9, which may be either the same or different from each other, are each a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl group having four to 30 of carbon atoms, an aryl group, or an alkylaryl group.
wherein R7, R8 and R9, which may be either the same or different from each other, are each a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl group having four to 30 of carbon atoms, an aryl group, or an alkylaryl group.
10. The lubricating oil composition for use in a final drive according to claim 1 wherein the phosphoric ester and phosphorous ester are oleyl acid phosphate in the form of a mixture of (C18H35O)P(OH)2O and (C18 H35O)2P(OH)O, and dioleyl hydrogen phosphite represented by the formula:
(C18H35O)2P(OH).
(C18H35O)2P(OH).
11. The lubricating oil composition for use in a final drive according to claim 1 wherein the alkylamine salt of phosphoric ester is the one represented by the general formula [4]:
(R10)m P(O)(OH)3-m ? [NHn (R11)3-n ]3-m .....[4]
wherein R10 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl group having four to 30 of carbon atoms, an aryl group, or an alkylaryl group; R11 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl group having four to 30 of carbon atoms; m and n are each 1 or 2; a plurality of R10, if any, may be either the same or different from each other;
and a plurality of R11, if any, may be either the same or different from each other.
(R10)m P(O)(OH)3-m ? [NHn (R11)3-n ]3-m .....[4]
wherein R10 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl group having four to 30 of carbon atoms, an aryl group, or an alkylaryl group; R11 is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl or alkenyl group having four to 30 of carbon atoms; m and n are each 1 or 2; a plurality of R10, if any, may be either the same or different from each other;
and a plurality of R11, if any, may be either the same or different from each other.
12. The lubricating oil composition for use in a final drive according to claim 1 wherein R10 is selected from the group consisting of butyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, decyl, lauryl, myristyl, palmityl, stearyl, oleyl, eicosyl, phenyl and cresyl groups; and R11 is selected from the group consisting of butyl, hexyl, cyclohexyl, octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, decyl, lauryl, myristyl, palmityl, stearyl, oleyl and eicosyl groups.
13. The lubricating oil composition for use in a final drive according to claim 1 wherein the alkylamine salt of the phosphoric ester is an oleylamine salt of diisooctyl acid phosphate [a reaction product of (i-C8H17O)2P(OH)O with (C18H35)NH2], or an oleylamine salt of 2-ethylhexyl acid phosphate.
14. The lubricating oil composition for use in a final drive according to claim 1 which comprises a vriaty of the conventional additives for use in the lubricating oils.
15. The lubricating oil composition for use in a final drive according to claim 14 wherein the additives are selected from the group consisting of a metal-cleaning agent, an ash-free cleaning dispersant, a viscosity index improver, a pour point depressant, an antioxidizing agent, a rust inhibitor, a corrosion inhibitor, and an antifoaming agent.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4/361450 | 1992-12-29 | ||
| JP4361450A JPH06200270A (en) | 1992-12-29 | 1992-12-29 | Lubricant composition for final reduction gear |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2151582A1 true CA2151582A1 (en) | 1994-07-07 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002151582A Abandoned CA2151582A1 (en) | 1992-12-29 | 1993-12-28 | Lubricating oil composition for use in final drive |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0677571A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH06200270A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU5717294A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2151582A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1994014933A1 (en) |
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| CN111032837A (en) * | 2017-10-02 | 2020-04-17 | 出光兴产株式会社 | Gear oil composition for automobile and lubricating method |
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| AU724613B2 (en) * | 1995-05-26 | 2000-09-28 | Elf Antar France | Lubricants with molybdenum containing compositions and methods of using the same |
| JP3497952B2 (en) * | 1996-08-02 | 2004-02-16 | 東燃ゼネラル石油株式会社 | Lubricating oil composition |
| JPH10316987A (en) * | 1997-05-16 | 1998-12-02 | Cosmo Sogo Kenkyusho:Kk | Gear oil composition |
| DE60044374D1 (en) * | 1999-12-22 | 2010-06-17 | Lubrizol Corp | LUBRICANT COMPRISING A MIXTURE OF A MOLYBDEN COMPONENT, PHOSPHORUS COMPONENT AND DISPERSANT |
| US7786059B2 (en) * | 2004-12-21 | 2010-08-31 | Chevron Oronite Company Llc | Anti-wear additive composition and lubricating oil composition containing the same |
| US20120270693A1 (en) * | 2009-11-19 | 2012-10-25 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Lubricant oil, friction member, and gear-type differential with differential limiting function |
| JP2017132875A (en) | 2016-01-27 | 2017-08-03 | 東燃ゼネラル石油株式会社 | Lubricant composition |
| JP6730122B2 (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2020-07-29 | Ｅｍｇルブリカンツ合同会社 | Lubricating oil composition |
| JP2020041055A (en) * | 2018-09-11 | 2020-03-19 | Ｅｍｇルブリカンツ合同会社 | Lubricant composition |
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| JPS6187690A (en) * | 1984-10-05 | 1986-05-06 | Asahi Denka Kogyo Kk | Dialkylphosphorodithionic acid oxymolybdenum sulfide |
| JPS6361091A (en) * | 1986-09-01 | 1988-03-17 | Showa Shell Sekiyu Kk | Gear oil composition |
| DE3712134A1 (en) * | 1987-04-10 | 1988-10-27 | Grill Max Gmbh | LUBRICANTS OR LUBRICANT CONCENTRATE |
| JP2590185B2 (en) * | 1988-03-05 | 1997-03-12 | 出光興産株式会社 | Lubricating oil additive and lubricating oil composition containing the same |
| JPH0823034B2 (en) * | 1988-07-09 | 1996-03-06 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Grease composition for tripod type slide joint |
| JPH02182787A (en) * | 1989-01-10 | 1990-07-17 | Tonen Corp | Lubricant oil composition for hand-operated speed variator |
-
1992
- 1992-12-29 JP JP4361450A patent/JPH06200270A/en active Pending
-
1993
- 1993-12-28 CA CA002151582A patent/CA2151582A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-12-28 WO PCT/JP1993/001919 patent/WO1994014933A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1993-12-28 AU AU57172/94A patent/AU5717294A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-12-28 EP EP94903092A patent/EP0677571A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111032837A (en) * | 2017-10-02 | 2020-04-17 | 出光兴产株式会社 | Gear oil composition for automobile and lubricating method |
| US11421175B2 (en) | 2017-10-02 | 2022-08-23 | Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. | Gear oil composition for automobile, and lubrication method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0677571A1 (en) | 1995-10-18 |
| WO1994014933A1 (en) | 1994-07-07 |
| AU5717294A (en) | 1994-07-19 |
| EP0677571A4 (en) | 1996-01-24 |
| JPH06200270A (en) | 1994-07-19 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| FZDE | Dead |