CA2048574A1 - Device for carrying out photochemical reactions - Google Patents
Device for carrying out photochemical reactionsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2048574A1 CA2048574A1 CA002048574A CA2048574A CA2048574A1 CA 2048574 A1 CA2048574 A1 CA 2048574A1 CA 002048574 A CA002048574 A CA 002048574A CA 2048574 A CA2048574 A CA 2048574A CA 2048574 A1 CA2048574 A1 CA 2048574A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- lamp
- reactor vessel
- light
- inlet
- outlet conduits
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
- 238000006552 photochemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical class N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical class NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000862 absorption spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008282 halocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010842 industrial wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011949 solid catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfamic acid Chemical compound NS(O)(=O)=O IIACRCGMVDHOTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D3/00—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances
- A62D3/10—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by subjecting to electric or wave energy or particle or ionizing radiation
- A62D3/17—Processes for making harmful chemical substances harmless or less harmful, by effecting a chemical change in the substances by subjecting to electric or wave energy or particle or ionizing radiation to electromagnetic radiation, e.g. emitted by a laser
- A62D3/176—Ultraviolet radiations, i.e. radiation having a wavelength of about 3nm to 400nm
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/26—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by irradiation without heating
- A23L3/28—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by irradiation without heating with ultraviolet light
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/007—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by irradiation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0053—Details of the reactor
- B01J19/006—Baffles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/02—Apparatus characterised by being constructed of material selected for its chemically-resistant properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/08—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor
- B01J19/12—Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electromagnetic waves
- B01J19/122—Incoherent waves
- B01J19/123—Ultra-violet light
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/30—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation
- C02F1/32—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by irradiation with ultraviolet light
- C02F1/325—Irradiation devices or lamp constructions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/20—Organic substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/20—Organic substances
- A62D2101/22—Organic substances containing halogen
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D2101/00—Harmful chemical substances made harmless, or less harmful, by effecting chemical change
- A62D2101/20—Organic substances
- A62D2101/26—Organic substances containing nitrogen or phosphorus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00761—Details of the reactor
- B01J2219/00763—Baffles
- B01J2219/00765—Baffles attached to the reactor wall
- B01J2219/0077—Baffles attached to the reactor wall inclined
- B01J2219/00774—Baffles attached to the reactor wall inclined in the form of cones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/32—Details relating to UV-irradiation devices
- C02F2201/322—Lamp arrangement
- C02F2201/3223—Single elongated lamp located on the central axis of a turbular reactor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/32—Details relating to UV-irradiation devices
- C02F2201/322—Lamp arrangement
- C02F2201/3228—Units having reflectors, e.g. coatings, baffles, plates, mirrors
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure A device for carrying out photochemical reactions in liquid and/or gaseous streams by irradiation with UV light, preferably for the degradation of organic substances, and especially those having an aliphatic, aromatic and/or heterocyclic structure, which may optionally have been mono- or poly-substituted with halogen or contain nitrogen and carbon atoms in the same molecule, which device consists of a flow reactor vessel, one or more UV lamp(s) and inlet and outlet conduits, is characterized in that in the reactor vessel a) an inner surface is provided which is highly reflex-reflective for UV light and b) means for generating a turbulent flow are provided on or in front of this surface.
Description
DEVICE FOR CARRYING OVT PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS
The present invention relates to a device for carrying out photochemical reactions in liquid and/or gaæeous streams by irradiation with UV light. This devics is particularly useful fox the degradation of organic substances, and especially those having an aliphatic, aromatic and/or heterocyclic structure, which may optionally have been mono- or poly-substituted with halogen or contain nitrogen and carbon atoms in the same molecule, said device consisting of a 10w reactor, one or more UV lamps and inl~t and outlet conduits.
Photochemical reactions hitherto have been ma~nly employed in the synthesis of specific organic substances. From the German Patent DE-PS 909 292 there has been known a device for the ultraviolet-irradiation of liquids in flow tubes, and especially of liquid foodstuffs of any kind intended to be sterilized by UV
light and to be enriched with vitamins. There was provided, in view of the low penetration depth of the W radiation, that the liquids should ba passed through the device in a turbulent flow in direct contact with the ultraviolet radiation. For this purpose, flow pipes were proposed having a cross section changing with the direction of flow. These devices comprising tubes with diameters undulating with the direction of flow are difficult to manufacture and even more difficult to clean. Thus, it is understandable why these devices have not found acceptance in practice. However, in the meantime use has been made, especially by Applicant, of the fact that UV light is suitable to degrade organic substances in liquid and/or gaseous flows so that, for example, noxious materials are removed from natural and contaminated ground waters, industrial waste waters and industrial wasts gases.
Processes of this kind have been proposed, for examples, in the German Pa-tent Applications 39 03 549.2 and ~O 16 514Ø
It is the object of the present invention to ca~ry out such photochemical reactions in the best possible way with respect to flexibility, efficiency and safety, so that these processes can be used reliably and as universally as possible.
Conventional devices for carrying out photochemical reactions in ganeral consist of a flow reactor, one or more UV lamps and inlet and outlet conduits.
One general problem inherent to all photochemical reactions, including those amploying UV light, consists of that the absorption of the light by the reaction medium is sub;ect to Lambert-Beer's Law and, thus, to a major extent depends on the extinction coefficient of the reaction mixture or the various wavelengths of the incident ligh-t. If the extinction coefficients are high and the concentrations are high, the effe-tive penetration path of the UV light ca be relatively short. At low extinction coefficients and low concentrations, the light is not absorbed and, thus, the light rays are emitted unused. While for specifically designed syntheses of organic substances the dimensional design of the device, the concentrations of the starting materials to be reacted and the flow velocity may be adjusted to one another in preliminary experiments, such a coordination of process parameters is , s~ l substantially more difficult to achieve for a degrada-tion of organic substances. This applies -to the absorption spectra of the contaminations to be degraded as well as to the concentrations of these substances. Nevertheless, for -the economy and reliability of the process it is extremely important to achieve a light ~uantum efficiency as high as possible and to assure that the products to be decomposed are indeed reliably degraded to the degree desired.
The problem can be solved in a surprisingly simple manner by providing in the reactor an inner surface which is highly reElective for UV light and by means for generating a turbulent flow on or in front of this surface.
The turbulent flow generated causes in strongly absorbing li~uid and/or gaseous flows that the material to be decomposed is brought close to the region o intensive irradiation, i.e. to the W lamp. The surface of the reac-tor which is highly reflective for UV light, causes the unabsorbed UV light to be returned into the reactor so that it is again available there for reaction.
This embodiment of the invention of the reaction vessel makes it possible that in the first part of the reaction vessel even higher concentrations of the substances to be degraded are degraded rapidly and efficiently and in the last part of the reaction vessel the remainders thereof still left are exposed to an intensive irradiation so that a sufficient absorption and a sufficient degradation may be accomplished.
Thus, the reactor preferably consists of an elongated stainless steel tube, the inner surface of which has been polished, , . . . . .
i7~ ' which stainless tube on i-ts inner wall or spaced apart therefrom comprises baffle means. One or more high performance UV immersion lamps are inserted in this -tube. The lamp output preferably should be 100 watts per centimeter of leng-th of the immersion lamp.
Basically, although low-pressure lamps can be used, medium-pressure and especially high-pressure lamps are more efficient.
It is known that the spectrum of such VV lamps may be limited to a few narrow partial regions by doping with specific metal salts.
This is certainly useful in the synthesis of specific organic substances. It will also make sense i~, for e~ample, just one definite substance having a definite absorption spectrum is intended to be removed from the water or gas to be purified. If, however, there are mixtures of contaminants to be removed, then it is preferable to employ undoped lamps emitting a broad spectrum of radiation and, thus, to provide for the possibility that a variety of substances will be enabled to absorb this light effectively and to be -thus degradedO
The absorption of the UV light by the substances to be degraded proceeds extremely fast, while the subsequent degradation reactions may require somewhat more time. Thus, the device according to the invention preferably comprises elongated stainless steel tubes in which, if so desired, two immersion lamps may be inser-ted from both ends thereof.
It has further proven -to be useful to employ UV lamps wherein a layer of an inert UV-permeable gas has been provided between the immersed tube and the UV lamp. Particularly suitable ~or this purpose is "Nitrogen 5.0" which has a purity of 99.999~ by volume of N~. A weak flow of this gas may be passed through the intermediate space, and the effluent gas may be vented without further purification. The presence of oxygen in this gas results not only in absorption losses, but, as a major effect, also in the formation of ozone and nitrogen oxides which should not be allowed to escape, at least in closed rooms.
It is possible, of course, to provide solid catalysts in -the inlst and/or outlet conduits and/or on portions of the inner surfaces, which catalysts would enhance and optimize the degradation process. These fixed bed catalysts optionally may also induce or accelerate after-reactions, thereby to significantly improve the overall result.
The device of to the invention in its inlet conduit may also comprise a suppl~ port for auxiliary chemicals which, in som0 cases, produce a further improvement in the results. Such auxiliary chemicals, more particularly, include H202 and 2 which will oxidize organic compounds to form CO2. Also the humic acids which are highly absorptive to UV light are decomposed thereby.
Formic acid, ammonia, urea and amine derivatives such as amidosulfonic acid promo-te the destruction of nitrate and nitrite.
Both have high extinction coefficients for UV light. As a consequence of the chemical destruction of nitrate and nitrite, a higher amount of UV light will be available for the degradation of the other noxious materials. For the degradation of compounds containing nitrogen and carbon in the same molecule, and especially _ 35~
of cyanides and complex cyanides, there is used especially H202 at high pH values of about 9. The addition of Hz02 may also provide a catalytic action in the degradation of halogenated hydrocarbons.
~t is basically possible that the gases or water streams, if they carry high loads, are circulated and are discharged only after several passage cycles through the device according to the invention. However, unexpectedly, so far there has not been even one single case that would have required to take such a measure.
The device according to the invention, due to the combin~tion of its parts, allows the fast and reliable degradation to be effected already in one passage of the contaminating substances within a wide range of concentrations.
The device of to the invention may of course be combined in any conventional manner with analytical apparatuses, control recorders, automatic turn-off in the case of immersion-lamp failure etc. It is even possible to make the whole device, due to its relatively low weight, mobile so that it may be readily moved to the site of use. Larger units may be mounted in contain0rs and, thus, again may be transferred as a whole to the site of use.
The amount of gas or water -to be purified per unit time to a high degree depends on the amounts of impurities present therein.
Flow amounts of up to 30 m3/hour have in fact been attained in an apparatus containing a commercially available immersion lamp of about 110 cm length.
One typical embodiment of -the device according to the invention is illustrated in the attached Figure 1 wherein the .
57~
reference numerals have the following meanings:
1 Reactor Vessel
The present invention relates to a device for carrying out photochemical reactions in liquid and/or gaæeous streams by irradiation with UV light. This devics is particularly useful fox the degradation of organic substances, and especially those having an aliphatic, aromatic and/or heterocyclic structure, which may optionally have been mono- or poly-substituted with halogen or contain nitrogen and carbon atoms in the same molecule, said device consisting of a 10w reactor, one or more UV lamps and inl~t and outlet conduits.
Photochemical reactions hitherto have been ma~nly employed in the synthesis of specific organic substances. From the German Patent DE-PS 909 292 there has been known a device for the ultraviolet-irradiation of liquids in flow tubes, and especially of liquid foodstuffs of any kind intended to be sterilized by UV
light and to be enriched with vitamins. There was provided, in view of the low penetration depth of the W radiation, that the liquids should ba passed through the device in a turbulent flow in direct contact with the ultraviolet radiation. For this purpose, flow pipes were proposed having a cross section changing with the direction of flow. These devices comprising tubes with diameters undulating with the direction of flow are difficult to manufacture and even more difficult to clean. Thus, it is understandable why these devices have not found acceptance in practice. However, in the meantime use has been made, especially by Applicant, of the fact that UV light is suitable to degrade organic substances in liquid and/or gaseous flows so that, for example, noxious materials are removed from natural and contaminated ground waters, industrial waste waters and industrial wasts gases.
Processes of this kind have been proposed, for examples, in the German Pa-tent Applications 39 03 549.2 and ~O 16 514Ø
It is the object of the present invention to ca~ry out such photochemical reactions in the best possible way with respect to flexibility, efficiency and safety, so that these processes can be used reliably and as universally as possible.
Conventional devices for carrying out photochemical reactions in ganeral consist of a flow reactor, one or more UV lamps and inlet and outlet conduits.
One general problem inherent to all photochemical reactions, including those amploying UV light, consists of that the absorption of the light by the reaction medium is sub;ect to Lambert-Beer's Law and, thus, to a major extent depends on the extinction coefficient of the reaction mixture or the various wavelengths of the incident ligh-t. If the extinction coefficients are high and the concentrations are high, the effe-tive penetration path of the UV light ca be relatively short. At low extinction coefficients and low concentrations, the light is not absorbed and, thus, the light rays are emitted unused. While for specifically designed syntheses of organic substances the dimensional design of the device, the concentrations of the starting materials to be reacted and the flow velocity may be adjusted to one another in preliminary experiments, such a coordination of process parameters is , s~ l substantially more difficult to achieve for a degrada-tion of organic substances. This applies -to the absorption spectra of the contaminations to be degraded as well as to the concentrations of these substances. Nevertheless, for -the economy and reliability of the process it is extremely important to achieve a light ~uantum efficiency as high as possible and to assure that the products to be decomposed are indeed reliably degraded to the degree desired.
The problem can be solved in a surprisingly simple manner by providing in the reactor an inner surface which is highly reElective for UV light and by means for generating a turbulent flow on or in front of this surface.
The turbulent flow generated causes in strongly absorbing li~uid and/or gaseous flows that the material to be decomposed is brought close to the region o intensive irradiation, i.e. to the W lamp. The surface of the reac-tor which is highly reflective for UV light, causes the unabsorbed UV light to be returned into the reactor so that it is again available there for reaction.
This embodiment of the invention of the reaction vessel makes it possible that in the first part of the reaction vessel even higher concentrations of the substances to be degraded are degraded rapidly and efficiently and in the last part of the reaction vessel the remainders thereof still left are exposed to an intensive irradiation so that a sufficient absorption and a sufficient degradation may be accomplished.
Thus, the reactor preferably consists of an elongated stainless steel tube, the inner surface of which has been polished, , . . . . .
i7~ ' which stainless tube on i-ts inner wall or spaced apart therefrom comprises baffle means. One or more high performance UV immersion lamps are inserted in this -tube. The lamp output preferably should be 100 watts per centimeter of leng-th of the immersion lamp.
Basically, although low-pressure lamps can be used, medium-pressure and especially high-pressure lamps are more efficient.
It is known that the spectrum of such VV lamps may be limited to a few narrow partial regions by doping with specific metal salts.
This is certainly useful in the synthesis of specific organic substances. It will also make sense i~, for e~ample, just one definite substance having a definite absorption spectrum is intended to be removed from the water or gas to be purified. If, however, there are mixtures of contaminants to be removed, then it is preferable to employ undoped lamps emitting a broad spectrum of radiation and, thus, to provide for the possibility that a variety of substances will be enabled to absorb this light effectively and to be -thus degradedO
The absorption of the UV light by the substances to be degraded proceeds extremely fast, while the subsequent degradation reactions may require somewhat more time. Thus, the device according to the invention preferably comprises elongated stainless steel tubes in which, if so desired, two immersion lamps may be inser-ted from both ends thereof.
It has further proven -to be useful to employ UV lamps wherein a layer of an inert UV-permeable gas has been provided between the immersed tube and the UV lamp. Particularly suitable ~or this purpose is "Nitrogen 5.0" which has a purity of 99.999~ by volume of N~. A weak flow of this gas may be passed through the intermediate space, and the effluent gas may be vented without further purification. The presence of oxygen in this gas results not only in absorption losses, but, as a major effect, also in the formation of ozone and nitrogen oxides which should not be allowed to escape, at least in closed rooms.
It is possible, of course, to provide solid catalysts in -the inlst and/or outlet conduits and/or on portions of the inner surfaces, which catalysts would enhance and optimize the degradation process. These fixed bed catalysts optionally may also induce or accelerate after-reactions, thereby to significantly improve the overall result.
The device of to the invention in its inlet conduit may also comprise a suppl~ port for auxiliary chemicals which, in som0 cases, produce a further improvement in the results. Such auxiliary chemicals, more particularly, include H202 and 2 which will oxidize organic compounds to form CO2. Also the humic acids which are highly absorptive to UV light are decomposed thereby.
Formic acid, ammonia, urea and amine derivatives such as amidosulfonic acid promo-te the destruction of nitrate and nitrite.
Both have high extinction coefficients for UV light. As a consequence of the chemical destruction of nitrate and nitrite, a higher amount of UV light will be available for the degradation of the other noxious materials. For the degradation of compounds containing nitrogen and carbon in the same molecule, and especially _ 35~
of cyanides and complex cyanides, there is used especially H202 at high pH values of about 9. The addition of Hz02 may also provide a catalytic action in the degradation of halogenated hydrocarbons.
~t is basically possible that the gases or water streams, if they carry high loads, are circulated and are discharged only after several passage cycles through the device according to the invention. However, unexpectedly, so far there has not been even one single case that would have required to take such a measure.
The device according to the invention, due to the combin~tion of its parts, allows the fast and reliable degradation to be effected already in one passage of the contaminating substances within a wide range of concentrations.
The device of to the invention may of course be combined in any conventional manner with analytical apparatuses, control recorders, automatic turn-off in the case of immersion-lamp failure etc. It is even possible to make the whole device, due to its relatively low weight, mobile so that it may be readily moved to the site of use. Larger units may be mounted in contain0rs and, thus, again may be transferred as a whole to the site of use.
The amount of gas or water -to be purified per unit time to a high degree depends on the amounts of impurities present therein.
Flow amounts of up to 30 m3/hour have in fact been attained in an apparatus containing a commercially available immersion lamp of about 110 cm length.
One typical embodiment of -the device according to the invention is illustrated in the attached Figure 1 wherein the .
57~
reference numerals have the following meanings:
1 Reactor Vessel
2 UV Lamp
3 Outer Wall of the Immersion Tuba
4 Nitrogen Inlet Nitrogen Outlet 6 Baffles The liquid or gaseous material to be treated is introduced into the reaction vessel (1) from the bo-ttom and is discharged therefrom at the top. The bafles (6) provide thorough mixing and a turbulent flow of the reaction. The inner surface of the reaction vessel consists of polished stainless steel and, thus, is highly capab}e of reflex-reflectin~ UV light.
The device according to Figure 1 has not been drawn to scale.
It is preferred that the devices are more elongated in shape in order to provide a path as long as possible for the irradiation of the material to be treated and, thus, a relative long period of exposure in the reaction vessel. Furthermore, the baffles rnay be provided as a rernovable insert located close to the surface of the reaction vessel. This embodiment has the advantage of being easier to clean.
. . -:
`
~-.
The device according to Figure 1 has not been drawn to scale.
It is preferred that the devices are more elongated in shape in order to provide a path as long as possible for the irradiation of the material to be treated and, thus, a relative long period of exposure in the reaction vessel. Furthermore, the baffles rnay be provided as a rernovable insert located close to the surface of the reaction vessel. This embodiment has the advantage of being easier to clean.
. . -:
`
~-.
Claims (14)
1. A device for carrying out photochemical reactions and especially degradations of organic compounds in liquid and/or gaseous streams by irradiation with UV light, consisting of a flow reactor vessel, one or more UV lamps and inlet and outlet conduits, characterized in that in the reactor vessel a) an inner surface is provided which is highly reflective for UV light and b) means for generating a turbulent flow are provided on or in front of this surface.
2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the inner surface of the reactor vessel consists of polished stainless steel.
3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the means for generating a turbulent flow are baffles.
4. The device according claim 1, wherein the UV lamp has an output of at least 100 W/cm of length of an immersion lamp.
5. The device according to claim 1, wherein the UV lamp is an immersion lamp and a layer of an inert UV-permeable gas has been provided between the immersed tube and the UV lamp.
6. The device according to claim 5, wherein nitrogen of 99.999% purity is employed as the gas.
7. The device according claim 1, wherein fixed-bed catalysts have been provided in the inlet and/or outlet conduits and/or on portions of the inner surfaces of the reactor vessel.
8. The device according to claim 2, wherein the means for generating a turbulent flow are baffles.
9. The device according claim 3, wherein the UV lamp has an output of at least 100 W/cm of length of an immersion lamp.
10. The device according to claim 4, wherein the UV lamp is an immersion lamps and that a layer of an inert UV-permeable gas has been provided between the immersed tube and the UV lamp.
11. The device according to claim 10, wherein nitrogen of 99.999% purity is employed as the gas.
12. The device according to claim 4, wherein fixed-bed catalysts have been provided in the inlet and/or outlet conduits and/or on portions of the inner surfaces of the reactor vessel.
13. The device according to claim 5, wherein fixed-bed catalysts have been provided in the inlet and/or outlet conduits and/or on portions of the inner surfaces of the reactor vessel.
14. The device according to claim 9, wherein fixed-bed catalysts have been provided in the inlet and/or outlet conduits and/or on portions of the inner surfaces of the reactor vessel.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4025078A DE4025078A1 (en) | 1990-08-08 | 1990-08-08 | DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS |
| DEP4025078.4 | 1990-08-08 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2048574A1 true CA2048574A1 (en) | 1992-02-09 |
Family
ID=6411822
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002048574A Abandoned CA2048574A1 (en) | 1990-08-08 | 1991-08-07 | Device for carrying out photochemical reactions |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0470518B2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH04227051A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE105208T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2048574A1 (en) |
| DE (3) | DE9017684U1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2053249T3 (en) |
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| CN101820926A (en) * | 2007-10-08 | 2010-09-01 | 阿洛尔维简易股份公司 | Device for photocatalytic treatment of fluids |
| US10570029B2 (en) | 2016-05-25 | 2020-02-25 | Wallenius Water Innovation Ab | System for treating liquids by applying ultra-violet radiation |
| CN112292156A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2021-01-29 | 生物安全公司 | Device for purifying turbid liquids |
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| WO1993002965A1 (en) * | 1991-07-26 | 1993-02-18 | Ultra Systems Gmbh Uv-Oxidation | Method of processing untreated drinking water contaminated with organic substances |
| DE4216776A1 (en) * | 1992-05-21 | 1993-11-25 | Krupp Industrietech | Detoxification of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon cpds. using oxidant - e.g. ozone, hydrogen per:oxide or UV light causing dehalogenation and partial decomposition, e.g. for detoxifying contaminated soil or waste |
| JPH067474A (en) * | 1992-06-27 | 1994-01-18 | Makoto Ogose | Decomposing method for halide and decomposing device therefor |
| DE4305227C1 (en) * | 1993-02-19 | 1994-08-11 | Wedeco Umwelttechnologie Wasser Boden Luft Gmbh | Device for disinfecting flowing media |
| JPH06285459A (en) * | 1993-04-06 | 1994-10-11 | Nec Corp | Light irradiation apparatus |
| DE4412793C2 (en) * | 1994-04-14 | 1996-02-29 | Joachim Clemens | Irradiation equipment for solids in granular or powdered form and for liquids for the investigation of photochemical reactions on a laboratory scale |
| DE4430231A1 (en) * | 1994-08-25 | 1996-02-29 | Ultralight Ag | Process and device for cleaning gases and liquids |
| DE4447035A1 (en) * | 1994-12-28 | 1996-07-11 | Eva Gotthold | Method and apparatus for reducing the nitrate content of water |
| FR2729382B1 (en) * | 1995-01-16 | 1997-03-28 | Omnium Traitement Valorisa | UV IRRADIATION REACTOR FOR THE TREATMENT OF LIQUIDS |
| DE19503718A1 (en) * | 1995-02-04 | 1996-08-08 | Leybold Ag | UV lamp |
| DE29505952U1 (en) * | 1995-04-06 | 1995-06-01 | Faas Heinz | Device for sterilizing a medium flowing through it with ultraviolet light |
| US5696380A (en) * | 1995-05-09 | 1997-12-09 | Labatt Brewing Company Limited | Flow-through photo-chemical reactor |
| AU735589B2 (en) * | 1995-05-09 | 2001-07-12 | Labatt Brewing Company Limited | Flow-through photo-chemical reactor |
| ATE189620T1 (en) * | 1995-05-09 | 2000-02-15 | Labatt Brewing Co Ltd | STATIC DEVICE FOR FLOW MIXING OF FLUIDS |
| WO1997008099A1 (en) * | 1995-08-30 | 1997-03-06 | Uv Systems Technology Inc. | Ultraviolet sterilizing system for wastewater |
| DE19543503C2 (en) * | 1995-11-22 | 2000-01-05 | Nukem Gmbh | Method and device for irradiating liquids with high-energy radiation and use of the device |
| DE19708149A1 (en) * | 1997-02-28 | 1998-09-03 | Umex Ges Fuer Umweltberatung U | Electrodeless discharge tube containing mercury and noble gas mixture |
| JPH10272459A (en) * | 1997-03-31 | 1998-10-13 | Power Reactor & Nuclear Fuel Dev Corp | Environmental purifying body, environmental purifying method and environmental purifying device |
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| AR016221A1 (en) * | 1998-04-30 | 2001-06-20 | Framatome Anp Gmbh | PROCEDURE FOR THE ELIMINATION OF IONS NITRATE OF A SOLUTION |
| ES2245508T3 (en) | 1999-03-11 | 2006-01-01 | Alexander Schluttig | SELF-DISINFECTING OIL SIFON IN RESIDUAL WATER PIPES. |
| DE19915289C1 (en) * | 1999-04-03 | 2000-07-20 | Volker Thielmann | Container for killing bacteria in e.g. tap water comprises a system of pipes which allows the water to pass a UV light source twice |
| EA006061B1 (en) * | 1999-10-12 | 2005-08-25 | Гидрозон (Проприетари)Лимитед | Sterilization of liquids using ultra-violet light |
| DE10056096A1 (en) * | 2000-11-13 | 2002-06-13 | Bayer Ag | Device for irradiating liquids |
| GB2389848B (en) * | 2002-06-17 | 2006-02-08 | Hanovia Ltd | UV disinfection apparatus and method of operating UV disinfection apparatus |
| EP3111963B1 (en) | 2004-03-12 | 2021-01-13 | Trojan Technologies Inc. | Fluid treatment system comprising elongate radiation source assemblies |
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| DE102005015129B4 (en) * | 2005-03-31 | 2006-11-30 | Schluttig, Alexander, Dr. | Hygiene Washing Station |
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| US8420022B2 (en) * | 2010-12-07 | 2013-04-16 | Biological Illumination, Llc | LED fluid purification system and method |
| WO2013084485A1 (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2013-06-13 | 株式会社Ｌｅａｐ | Disinfection device |
| EP2674208A1 (en) * | 2012-06-17 | 2013-12-18 | UV-Consulting Peschl e. K. | UV irradiator module for a ventilation, waste gas or air purification device |
| JP6089628B2 (en) * | 2012-11-26 | 2017-03-08 | ウシオ電機株式会社 | Gas activation device and nitrogen oxide treatment device |
| DE102015118193A1 (en) | 2015-10-26 | 2017-04-27 | Uwe Karmrodt | Self-disinfecting odor trap assembly and method of operation |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR930466A (en) * | 1946-07-10 | 1948-01-27 | Method and device for the treatment of fluids by radiation | |
| DE909292C (en) * | 1950-11-28 | 1954-04-15 | Siemens Ag | Device for ultraviolet irradiation of liquids in flow tubes, in particular of liquid food of all kinds |
| FR1074625A (en) * | 1951-11-09 | 1954-10-07 | Var | Apparatus for the radiation treatment of a fluid |
| DE2327084C3 (en) * | 1973-05-28 | 1982-03-18 | Eisenwerke Fried. Wilh. Düker GmbH & Co, 8782 Karlstadt | Ultraviolet disinfection device |
| US4144152A (en) * | 1978-03-27 | 1979-03-13 | Atlantic Research Corporation | Dehalogenation of halogenated compounds |
| GB8513170D0 (en) * | 1985-05-24 | 1985-06-26 | Still & Sons Ltd W M | Water purifiers |
-
1990
- 1990-08-08 DE DE9017684U patent/DE9017684U1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-08-08 DE DE4025078A patent/DE4025078A1/en active Granted
-
1991
- 1991-08-02 ES ES91113016T patent/ES2053249T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-02 AT AT9191113016T patent/ATE105208T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-08-02 EP EP91113016A patent/EP0470518B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-02 DE DE59101554T patent/DE59101554D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-08-07 CA CA002048574A patent/CA2048574A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-08-08 JP JP3223482A patent/JPH04227051A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101820926A (en) * | 2007-10-08 | 2010-09-01 | 阿洛尔维简易股份公司 | Device for photocatalytic treatment of fluids |
| CN101820926B (en) * | 2007-10-08 | 2013-05-08 | 阿洛尔维简易股份公司 | Device for photocatalytic treatment of fluids |
| US10570029B2 (en) | 2016-05-25 | 2020-02-25 | Wallenius Water Innovation Ab | System for treating liquids by applying ultra-violet radiation |
| CN112292156A (en) * | 2018-04-24 | 2021-01-29 | 生物安全公司 | Device for purifying turbid liquids |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ATE105208T1 (en) | 1994-05-15 |
| JPH04227051A (en) | 1992-08-17 |
| EP0470518A1 (en) | 1992-02-12 |
| EP0470518B1 (en) | 1994-05-04 |
| DE9017684U1 (en) | 1991-11-14 |
| DE4025078A1 (en) | 1992-02-13 |
| EP0470518B2 (en) | 2000-05-31 |
| DE59101554D1 (en) | 1994-06-09 |
| ES2053249T3 (en) | 1994-07-16 |
| DE4025078C2 (en) | 1992-10-22 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |