CA2036392A1 - Wastewater treatment - Google Patents
Wastewater treatmentInfo
- Publication number
- CA2036392A1 CA2036392A1 CA 2036392 CA2036392A CA2036392A1 CA 2036392 A1 CA2036392 A1 CA 2036392A1 CA 2036392 CA2036392 CA 2036392 CA 2036392 A CA2036392 A CA 2036392A CA 2036392 A1 CA2036392 A1 CA 2036392A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- plant
- organisms
- growth
- growth tank
- tank
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
- Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
- Activated Sludge Processes (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
There is provided a method of wastewater treatment which consists of taking a quantity of the effluent water from the plant before disinfection, using the microbiological or bacterial organisms in that quantity of effluent to seed growth of organisms in a growth tank and supplying organisms for wastewater treatment from the growth tank to the plant.
There is provided a method of wastewater treatment which consists of taking a quantity of the effluent water from the plant before disinfection, using the microbiological or bacterial organisms in that quantity of effluent to seed growth of organisms in a growth tank and supplying organisms for wastewater treatment from the growth tank to the plant.
Description
13~05 ~ ~1 17: 23 FA~ 0272 22~00~ SHP E)RISTOL b~l00~/02 ~A~ L2~Y~ Z03639 wastewater treatment plants have been built all over the world for the purpose of removing organic, nitrogen and phosphorus containing wastes present in municipal wastewater as well as those 5 produced by industrial operations or a combination of both. These treatment plants rely primarily upon biological aetivity for the remov~l and stabilisation of these wastes. Collection of the products of the biological activit~ in the treatment plants is AcComplish~d through phy~ic~l technl~ues llke sedimentation or al~ flotation, It has been assumed or years that the appropxiate varieties and numbers of the microorganisms needed for the processing of the wastewater by these treatment plants have been provided by those microorganisms present in the was.ewater entering the plants. Information to the contrary has been reported in several publications and at inte~national meetings during the last few ye~s.
In f~ct, reports of bacterial seeding of the treatment plants have lead to Conclusions of improved removal officiencies for organic and nitxogeno~s waste, increased hydraulic and organic loading capabilities and decreased costs of operation with respect to the aeration required or the biological solids produced wlthin th~ wastew~ter treatment plants. Not only h~
there been a direct correlation between the seeding of the treatment plants with various bact~ria and changes in the !function of the plants, e.g. improved removal 3 ef~iciency, decre~Sed energy need andtor decreased biological solids tsludge) production, but the need for continuou~ seeding has been demonstrated throu~h : ';he termination of seeding with bacteria and the observa~ion that the changes in function noted during seeding regxess to levels prior to seedlng.
. .:
1~03 '~1 17:24 FAX 0272 22~00~ SNP BRISTOL 1~!1010/02~
20~639~
Observations like ~hese lead to a kinetic model in which there iq a dynamic relationship between the microorganisms en~ering the plant, those growing and dying within the plant, and those leaving the plant.
Apparently the fate of various bacterial forms is that unless replenished on ~ continuous basis, they are lost in sufficient numbers to affect the performance of the plant~ There are only several possible ways that bacteria may be lost fxom a wastewater treatment plant once they have entered it~ proc95ses and begun growing. They may be starved by competitlon with other bacteria, eaten b~ the myriad o animal forms present in the biomass (a group of microorganisms functioning together) of the process, or be washed out with the effluent water after the treatment syst~ms ar~ completed~ Obviously, some or all of these loss mechanisms may be operating at ~he same time.
These considerations build ~ picture of the function of wastewater treat~ent facilities as a ~ dynamic system in which it is rare or steady state ~onditions to exist or p~rsist, Instead, there is a constantly changing biomass population regulated by the varieties of food and microorganisms present in the influent to the plant and the growth and retention capabilities of the plant itsel with respect to those microorganisms that are present in this biomass.
rhe presant invention provides a method for insuring ~hat the biomass within the treatment processes is optimised by the production and continuous feed of efective mic~oorganisms, especially bacteria, that are capable of proliferating within the processes o wast~water treatment fa~ilities ~or the purpose of improved biolo~ical performance and/or reduction of the cost o~ th~ir operation, : .
13~03 '~1 17:2'1 FA~ 0272 22~00~ SHP BRISTOL 1~loll/o2~
, ~
~3~ 2036~3~ -According to the invention there is provided a method of t~eatin~ wastewater in ~ treatment plant which consists of taking a quantity o4 the effluent water fro~ the plant before disinfection, using the microbiological or bacterial organisms in that quan~ity of effluent to seed growth of o~ganisms in a growth tank and supplying organisms ~or wastewater txeatment from the gxowth tank to the plant. ~h~
organisms fxom the ~rowth tank are suppliQd to the influent of the plant.
A p~ocess O~ 5ubstxate induced recognition may be used to enhance and program the eect of the organisms, the growth tank being fed ~with predetermined particular organic materials and~or industrial products as the organisms grow. The organic materiàls and/or industrial products may be particulate.
Preferably the volume of organism containing water f ed back ~rom the growth tank each day to the plant is between l and 20 parts per million o~ the daily flow of the plant. T~pically, the proportion may be betwaen S and lO parts per million per day.
It is prefsrrod that the growth tank is provlded with su~tably ~ormula~ed food for the organisms and is aerated. The growth tank may be provided with supplementary micro-organisms.
It is possible in accordance with a feature of the invention to provide that organisms derived from the plant s~e ~rown in a plu~ality of growth tanks under the same or differing conditions o4 ambience and/or food and/or preconditioning, and the products o~ the growth tanks a~e use~ individually or in prodetermined combinations to provide specif ic system improvements or amelioration of conditions in the wi~tewater ~reatment plant.
13~03 ~nl 17:25 FAX 0272 22~00n SHP ~RISTOL l2 012~02~
20~6~g~
Reference will hereinafter by made to the accompanying drawing, o which the sole figure is a schematic block diagram of a wastewater treatment plant.
In the drawing, the ~ollowing legends apply:
A - Pximary 5edimentation Tank B - Aeration Tan~ or Rota~ing Biological Contactor or Trickling Pilter c - Secondary Sedi~entation Tank D - Anaerobic Digester E - Chlorine Contact Tank F - Return Activated Sludge G - Waste Activated sludge H - ~rimary Sludge igested 51udge J - In~luent Wastewater K - Effluent Wastewater ~1 - First Growth Tank ~ L2 - Second Growth ~ank L3 - Third ~rowth Tank Because of the design o~ wastewater treatment plants, maintenance of the biological forms growing - within its prooesses are provided through recycle :: Z5 systemS like returning the concePtrated sedimented solids, commonly referred to as "Return Activated Sludge (RAS)". S~ch systems rely on the idea that all the biological for~s. including bacteria, will be concentrated during sedimentation. BiologiCal forms that are not concentrated are lost with the ef1uent or discharge wastewater. Even in the cases of fixed ~` film type wastewater treatment plants te.g. txickling :filte~s ~and rotating bioloyical contactor~). those ~ microorganisms that do not adhere or are not trapped .~`." 35 within the biologioal film performing the t~eatment ~, ~; -l3,~03 '~1 17:~6 F~ 0272 22~008 SHP BRISTOL ~OlJ/02~
.
-5- 2036~3~
are lost from the plant with its discharge wastewater.
Using the discharge wastewâter itself as a method of reseeding is not feasible because of the constraint of hydraulics and the need for reasonable contact times 5 for the microorganisms to perform the cleaning fun~tion on the influent wastewater for which the plant is i~ended.
If, however, the discharge or effluent wastewater is used to provlde this microbiological or bacterial seed, a sui~ably-sized growth tank can then be used to produce the mlcroo~ganisms whi~h are then ed bac~ to the point at which ~he influent enters the treatment plant ~figure l point J ), the problem of loss of groups or species of microorganisms and bacteria can be eliminated without int~oducing large volumes of wa~tewater back into the wastew~ter treatment plant itself. This system is effective 'n preventing the loss of those microorganisms not amenable to sedimentation concentration and return through the conv~ntional methods in practice now th~ougho~t the wastewater industxy.
The system just discussed provides a means for preventing the loss of microbiological and bacterial forms already growing and proliferating within the treatment plant. It does not, however, provide for the lntroduction of microbiological or bacterial forms that may not be prese~t either in the proce5ses of the treatment plant or in the influent feeding the treatment plant. By seeding a growth tank Ll used to grow those microorganisms and bacteria found in the dixcharge wastewater with Boil microorganisms, bacteria found in nat~ral sources ~e.g. rich humus and topsoil), as well as, commercially available preparations, a great variety o microorganisms and a potential seed culture can be d~eloped. This will 13~03 '~1 17:27 FL~ 0272 22~00a SHP aRlSTOL ~ 01~/024 -6- 2036~9~ -provide the broadest range of biological activity specific to the needs and acclimated for the efficient effective and cost savin~ management of the wastewater tr~atment plant regardless of its location, function, or source of in1uent wastewater. This system will be least susc~ptibl~ to modulation and p~rturbation provided by large incursions of organic and hydraulic loading. It will also be insensitive to changes r~sulting from selective pressures from other types of microorganis~s and losses o micxoorganisms due to conditions within the wast~wate~ t~eatment ~lAnt and the na~ural fate of the bacteria not concentrated by the standard physical and biological processes within the operation of the treAtment plant itself.
: 15 Recognising that many t~eatment plants have influents that contain higher than normal levels of particular ~perhaps paxti~ulate) organic material like : gr~ase, for example, and/or a product contained in an : industriAl di~aharge that may enter the plant ~ 20 intermittently and/or at a ~el~tively high ;~ :concentration, it would be a significant advantage to pre-condition the microor~anisms and bacteria which are fed to the functional proc~sses of the wastewater treatment plant to be able bet~er to grow on and metabolise these materials present in the influent to the plant at the greatest rate possible both upon the initial adaition of the microorganisms and basteria and during ~heir function in the operating procssses ` I 0~ theiplant like the aeration tan~. A process that could be incorporated into the growth system described below which wo~ld provide initial recognition to the --bacteria of the paxticular organic material and/or the industrial product before they en~ex the treatment plant is called "Subs~xate Induced RecognitiQn" (SIR) and involves a method o adding a particular organic ~03~;~9~
materlal and/or the industrial product found in the influent o~ a similar compound to the growth media for the microorga-nisms and ~acteria thems~lves, described belo~, at an appropriate level or concentration suffi-ient to allow for growth of the microorganisms ~n~ bacteria on the compound or substrate~ For example in the case o grease, usiny a liq~id edible oil, like olive oil, or in the case of the presence of hydrocarbons using 2 uel oil, ~or example, to indu~e growth of microorg~nisms and bacteria on these substrates or food would provide the functional parts o~ the treatment plant with microorganisms and bac~eria that are already act~vely growing on materi~ls similar or identical to the compounds in the influent to the plant. An example of the method for the addition of such a ~ompound which will p~ovide for Su~strate Induced Recognition (SI~) is 0.05~ (0.5 grams per liter) olive oil added to the growth and conditioning media specified below.
"Substxate Induced Recognition" (SIR) provides for significant enhancement and/or increase in the capabillty of the microorganisms and bacteria to recognise and accelerate the rate of utilisation (met~bolism) of the specific waste materi~ls related to the substrate present in the influent.
Induction is the process by which a compound initiates the synthe5is of enzymes within the microorga~ism which pro~ides the cell with the : capability to identify and metabolise more quickly the 3 compo~nd which caused the indu~tion to oc~ur, as well '~ ~s, chemically similar materials. This causes an ~ncrease in the efficiency and the rate of removal of the material in question by the ~ost rapid utilisation of oxyg~n or the oxidation of the compounds in question in the aeration tank.
~zo~S100 lO~SI~ d~S ~OO~ZZ ZLZ0 ~ LZ:LI 1~ C0/CT
.. ,.. - ., . . - j .. . ., " , , ~ , :
:,. . , . , :, . . . . . . . . .
2036~
~n example of the actual technique for the introduction of the microorganisms and bacteria grown in the system described in -the invention is as follows:
M~THOP
_ _ For example:
An amount of five (5) to ten (l0) volumes, for ex~mple, of microorganisms and bacteria for each one million (l06~ volumes of incoming wastewatex per day should be introduced by feeding once or perhaps twice per day depending upon the duration of the treatmen~
syqtem provid~d by th~ wastewater treatment plant.
For example, a growth and feeding sy~tem of one hundred (l~0) to two hundred (200) liters in volume would be sufficient to provide the microbiolo~ical and bacterial seed for a treatment plant having an average hydraulic flow of twenty million ~20 x io6) liters of influent p~r day.
The actual sequ~nce of pr~paration, growth and Addition of the resulting seed culture for the type system discussed above is as follows~
1) T~ two hundred (200) liters of treatm~nt plant effluent ~prior to any disinfection) and~
a) inorgani~ media composed o~ salts, for example:
-0.l4 Ammonium chloride or sulfate -0.1% Disodium or dipotassium phosphats -0.05~ Epsom salts (magnesium sul~ate) bl organic media composed of nutrients, for example~
-0.l~ so~ium or potassium salt of a short chain fatty acid like acetate, propionate, laetate or ~utyrate.
-0.l~ pepton~, tryptone or yeast extract.
.
. ~ .
~ zoJ~l00 ~O~SI~ d~S 600~ZZ ZLZ0 X~ 8Z:LT l~. S0~SI
_g_ Z0363~2 c) Soil inoculum or other 50il bacteri~l source including commercial preparations, 30 grammes to 1/2 kilogram in quantity.
~) Upon additi~n of the above ingredients, begin aeration of the growth tank Ll containing the entire contents of the system. Aeration can be provided by a diFfused air system employing 0.006 to 0,015 cubic meters per minut~ which is ample for the two hundred (~00) liter tank.
3) Aeration should ~e cont~nued for an appropriate period o~ time. The content~ o4 the tank sho~ld then be added to the appropriate section of the wast~wa~er treat~en~ facility. This addl~lon may ~g made so one half the volu~e of the tank is added to the appropriate section of the treatment plant at predetermined intervals (e.g. twelve hours).
APPL~CATIONS
There are several possible applications for whlch the microbiological and bacterial s~ed culture developed during the growth phase discussed above may be used. Each of these applications will require a -separate s~t o~ conditions, application points and evaluations to be performed. Possible applications include:
A) ~nhanced Treatment ~ e . g . improved removal efficiency o~ biochemical oxygen demand EBOD~ and suspended solids [SS]: The seed culture shoula be added to the point at which the influent enters the plant (figure 1 point J) or to the secondary process ~e.g. the aeration tank [figure 1 point B].
) Increased Hydraulic or Organic ~oading Capability: The seed culture should be ~dded to the point at which the influent enters the plant (figure 1 point J~. ~
C) Decreased Production or Generation of :.
: :
~zo~Ll00 ~O~SI~ d~S ooonzz ZLZ0 X~ ~Z:LT T~, ~O~CT
- 1 o - 2036~
~iological Solids (Sludge): The seed culture should be added to the point in the plant at which the solids are at their highest concentration (e.g. the return sludge line [fig~re 1 point ~]. It can also be added 5 to the primary clarifier or the point at which the influent enters the plant ~figure 1 point J) if proce;sing of the primary solids is a concern and solid~ from the primary olarifier and the ~econdary sys~em do not mix or com~ into conta~t within a flow-through section of the plant.
D) Grease And Soum Control: The ~eed culture should be added to the point at which the influent enters the plant (figure 1 point J) or upline in the sewer system as far as p~actici~l. In some cases it 5 may be appropriate to grow the seed culture at a :~
location other than ths plant and in~ect it directly into the sewer.
` ~) Nitrification, DenitriflcatiOn and Nutrient : ::
Remov~l: Seed cultures for each of these ~ro~esses may be developed using the same physical equipment as previo~sly indicated, but using different growth tanks Ll, L2, L3 etc. ~he nutrient mixture for these seed cult~res i9 different and must be used in conjunction with the process d~scribed in A) above - "~nhanced -~ `
Treatment". T.hus a mixture of the bactexial seed prepared for "Enhanced Treatment" and a mixture of the :bac~erial seed prepared for "Nitrificatlon" must be `~
added to the point at which the influent enters the plant (figuxe 1 point J~ to provide for signiicant 3 ammonia removal within the wastewater treatment plant, . nitrification.
The growth media for the seed culture used for providing or enhancing nitrification must not contain organic material. An ex.ample of such a growth 35 solution is a5 ~ollo~s:
'~
~z0~8l00 ~O~SI~ dHS ~008zz ZLZO ~ Z:~I lo. Co/CI
-11~
20363~92 ino~ganic media composed of salts, for example:
O.05~ ammonium chloride or ~ulfate 0.05~ disodium or dipotassium phosphate 0.01~ Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate) 0.1% llmestone ox chalk particles nutrient ~ixture composed of, for example:
0.1% soda ash or bicarbonate of soda.
~uring growth, the solution in which the qeea culture is growing will become ~cidified, that is, will dxop in pH. Thi5 ig corrected by the addition of measure~ quantities of any basic inor~anic solution (e.g. ammonium hydroxide, which is pr~f0rre~) to maintain ths pH of the growing seed ~ulture between pH
7 and 8 and provide addi.ional growth nutriants.
Addition of this culture may be made in conjunction with the seed oult~re for "Enhanced Treatment".
~ ) Plant Stability ox Recovery from a Hydraulic 5hock or Organic Shock Load: ~his condition m~y also be produced ~rom large 1uctuations in pH, temperature, or inor~anic solute concentr~tion. The seed ~lture should be added to the point at which the influe~t enters the plant ~figure 1 point J). The addition of the seed culture should be maintained ~5 through suspected loading problems since the seed culture will not have e~perienoed contact with the shock load. Because the existing baomass ~eases to g,row and met~olise for a period of time when it ` experiences conditional shock, having ~icroorganisms available to grow and ~eprod~e im~ediately upon entry into the plan~ is the key to recovery from a shock.
G) Competition with ~oisome Organisms (e.g.
i .
`~ ~ Fllamentous Bact~ria): A group or type of microor~anisms will pxedominate in a system be~ause -~ 35 ~hey find a favourable environment ~nd possess the . - .
- ~ .
~Z0~l0~ ~0~SI~ dHS ~o0~ZZ ZLZ0 X~ 0C:LI 1~ C0~l -l2- 20~ 3~
capacity to out~row other existing biological forms, By imposing a continuous seed of rapidly growing and biochemically diverse ~icroorgani~ms on the processes o~ the wastewater treatme~t plant, the opportunity or a single type of bacteria or microorganism to predominate or proliferate is minimised. The addition o~ the seed culture to the point at which the inf luent enters the plant (figure l point J) will control, as much as is biologically possible, the predominance o~
noisoms o~anisms (e~g. filamentous bacteria).
Each of the applications of the ~eed culture descri~ed in A-G above will provide microorganisms which can proliferate in the various functional parts of the wastewater treatment plant. Dixect determinations of the bacterial numbers in the txe~tment plant are possible using simple microbiological techniques like dilRtion plating using agar media to enumerate the bacteria p~esent. It is a useful endeavour to perform these types of analyses in order to be convinced of the effect of introducing microbiological seed cultures into the ~astewater - ~:
treatment plant and to co~xelate the result produced on the treat~ent plant with a change in the number and diversity o~ the microbiological and bacterial flora within the ~reatment system under evaluation. ~n this way the quantity and diversity o the microorganisms within the treatment plant processes may be obser~ed dire~tly. The actual determinations o the bac~erial numbers and techniques for preparation of the analytical systems, like the use of petri dishes, for those determinations discussed within the ~e~t go , beyond the scope o~ this invention.
~zo/ozo0 ~O~SI~ dHS ~OO~ZZ ZLZ0 X~ IC:LI l~ C0
In f~ct, reports of bacterial seeding of the treatment plants have lead to Conclusions of improved removal officiencies for organic and nitxogeno~s waste, increased hydraulic and organic loading capabilities and decreased costs of operation with respect to the aeration required or the biological solids produced wlthin th~ wastew~ter treatment plants. Not only h~
there been a direct correlation between the seeding of the treatment plants with various bact~ria and changes in the !function of the plants, e.g. improved removal 3 ef~iciency, decre~Sed energy need andtor decreased biological solids tsludge) production, but the need for continuou~ seeding has been demonstrated throu~h : ';he termination of seeding with bacteria and the observa~ion that the changes in function noted during seeding regxess to levels prior to seedlng.
. .:
1~03 '~1 17:24 FAX 0272 22~00~ SNP BRISTOL 1~!1010/02~
20~639~
Observations like ~hese lead to a kinetic model in which there iq a dynamic relationship between the microorganisms en~ering the plant, those growing and dying within the plant, and those leaving the plant.
Apparently the fate of various bacterial forms is that unless replenished on ~ continuous basis, they are lost in sufficient numbers to affect the performance of the plant~ There are only several possible ways that bacteria may be lost fxom a wastewater treatment plant once they have entered it~ proc95ses and begun growing. They may be starved by competitlon with other bacteria, eaten b~ the myriad o animal forms present in the biomass (a group of microorganisms functioning together) of the process, or be washed out with the effluent water after the treatment syst~ms ar~ completed~ Obviously, some or all of these loss mechanisms may be operating at ~he same time.
These considerations build ~ picture of the function of wastewater treat~ent facilities as a ~ dynamic system in which it is rare or steady state ~onditions to exist or p~rsist, Instead, there is a constantly changing biomass population regulated by the varieties of food and microorganisms present in the influent to the plant and the growth and retention capabilities of the plant itsel with respect to those microorganisms that are present in this biomass.
rhe presant invention provides a method for insuring ~hat the biomass within the treatment processes is optimised by the production and continuous feed of efective mic~oorganisms, especially bacteria, that are capable of proliferating within the processes o wast~water treatment fa~ilities ~or the purpose of improved biolo~ical performance and/or reduction of the cost o~ th~ir operation, : .
13~03 '~1 17:2'1 FA~ 0272 22~00~ SHP BRISTOL 1~loll/o2~
, ~
~3~ 2036~3~ -According to the invention there is provided a method of t~eatin~ wastewater in ~ treatment plant which consists of taking a quantity o4 the effluent water fro~ the plant before disinfection, using the microbiological or bacterial organisms in that quan~ity of effluent to seed growth of o~ganisms in a growth tank and supplying organisms ~or wastewater txeatment from the gxowth tank to the plant. ~h~
organisms fxom the ~rowth tank are suppliQd to the influent of the plant.
A p~ocess O~ 5ubstxate induced recognition may be used to enhance and program the eect of the organisms, the growth tank being fed ~with predetermined particular organic materials and~or industrial products as the organisms grow. The organic materiàls and/or industrial products may be particulate.
Preferably the volume of organism containing water f ed back ~rom the growth tank each day to the plant is between l and 20 parts per million o~ the daily flow of the plant. T~pically, the proportion may be betwaen S and lO parts per million per day.
It is prefsrrod that the growth tank is provlded with su~tably ~ormula~ed food for the organisms and is aerated. The growth tank may be provided with supplementary micro-organisms.
It is possible in accordance with a feature of the invention to provide that organisms derived from the plant s~e ~rown in a plu~ality of growth tanks under the same or differing conditions o4 ambience and/or food and/or preconditioning, and the products o~ the growth tanks a~e use~ individually or in prodetermined combinations to provide specif ic system improvements or amelioration of conditions in the wi~tewater ~reatment plant.
13~03 ~nl 17:25 FAX 0272 22~00n SHP ~RISTOL l2 012~02~
20~6~g~
Reference will hereinafter by made to the accompanying drawing, o which the sole figure is a schematic block diagram of a wastewater treatment plant.
In the drawing, the ~ollowing legends apply:
A - Pximary 5edimentation Tank B - Aeration Tan~ or Rota~ing Biological Contactor or Trickling Pilter c - Secondary Sedi~entation Tank D - Anaerobic Digester E - Chlorine Contact Tank F - Return Activated Sludge G - Waste Activated sludge H - ~rimary Sludge igested 51udge J - In~luent Wastewater K - Effluent Wastewater ~1 - First Growth Tank ~ L2 - Second Growth ~ank L3 - Third ~rowth Tank Because of the design o~ wastewater treatment plants, maintenance of the biological forms growing - within its prooesses are provided through recycle :: Z5 systemS like returning the concePtrated sedimented solids, commonly referred to as "Return Activated Sludge (RAS)". S~ch systems rely on the idea that all the biological for~s. including bacteria, will be concentrated during sedimentation. BiologiCal forms that are not concentrated are lost with the ef1uent or discharge wastewater. Even in the cases of fixed ~` film type wastewater treatment plants te.g. txickling :filte~s ~and rotating bioloyical contactor~). those ~ microorganisms that do not adhere or are not trapped .~`." 35 within the biologioal film performing the t~eatment ~, ~; -l3,~03 '~1 17:~6 F~ 0272 22~008 SHP BRISTOL ~OlJ/02~
.
-5- 2036~3~
are lost from the plant with its discharge wastewater.
Using the discharge wastewâter itself as a method of reseeding is not feasible because of the constraint of hydraulics and the need for reasonable contact times 5 for the microorganisms to perform the cleaning fun~tion on the influent wastewater for which the plant is i~ended.
If, however, the discharge or effluent wastewater is used to provlde this microbiological or bacterial seed, a sui~ably-sized growth tank can then be used to produce the mlcroo~ganisms whi~h are then ed bac~ to the point at which ~he influent enters the treatment plant ~figure l point J ), the problem of loss of groups or species of microorganisms and bacteria can be eliminated without int~oducing large volumes of wa~tewater back into the wastew~ter treatment plant itself. This system is effective 'n preventing the loss of those microorganisms not amenable to sedimentation concentration and return through the conv~ntional methods in practice now th~ougho~t the wastewater industxy.
The system just discussed provides a means for preventing the loss of microbiological and bacterial forms already growing and proliferating within the treatment plant. It does not, however, provide for the lntroduction of microbiological or bacterial forms that may not be prese~t either in the proce5ses of the treatment plant or in the influent feeding the treatment plant. By seeding a growth tank Ll used to grow those microorganisms and bacteria found in the dixcharge wastewater with Boil microorganisms, bacteria found in nat~ral sources ~e.g. rich humus and topsoil), as well as, commercially available preparations, a great variety o microorganisms and a potential seed culture can be d~eloped. This will 13~03 '~1 17:27 FL~ 0272 22~00a SHP aRlSTOL ~ 01~/024 -6- 2036~9~ -provide the broadest range of biological activity specific to the needs and acclimated for the efficient effective and cost savin~ management of the wastewater tr~atment plant regardless of its location, function, or source of in1uent wastewater. This system will be least susc~ptibl~ to modulation and p~rturbation provided by large incursions of organic and hydraulic loading. It will also be insensitive to changes r~sulting from selective pressures from other types of microorganis~s and losses o micxoorganisms due to conditions within the wast~wate~ t~eatment ~lAnt and the na~ural fate of the bacteria not concentrated by the standard physical and biological processes within the operation of the treAtment plant itself.
: 15 Recognising that many t~eatment plants have influents that contain higher than normal levels of particular ~perhaps paxti~ulate) organic material like : gr~ase, for example, and/or a product contained in an : industriAl di~aharge that may enter the plant ~ 20 intermittently and/or at a ~el~tively high ;~ :concentration, it would be a significant advantage to pre-condition the microor~anisms and bacteria which are fed to the functional proc~sses of the wastewater treatment plant to be able bet~er to grow on and metabolise these materials present in the influent to the plant at the greatest rate possible both upon the initial adaition of the microorganisms and basteria and during ~heir function in the operating procssses ` I 0~ theiplant like the aeration tan~. A process that could be incorporated into the growth system described below which wo~ld provide initial recognition to the --bacteria of the paxticular organic material and/or the industrial product before they en~ex the treatment plant is called "Subs~xate Induced RecognitiQn" (SIR) and involves a method o adding a particular organic ~03~;~9~
materlal and/or the industrial product found in the influent o~ a similar compound to the growth media for the microorga-nisms and ~acteria thems~lves, described belo~, at an appropriate level or concentration suffi-ient to allow for growth of the microorganisms ~n~ bacteria on the compound or substrate~ For example in the case o grease, usiny a liq~id edible oil, like olive oil, or in the case of the presence of hydrocarbons using 2 uel oil, ~or example, to indu~e growth of microorg~nisms and bacteria on these substrates or food would provide the functional parts o~ the treatment plant with microorganisms and bac~eria that are already act~vely growing on materi~ls similar or identical to the compounds in the influent to the plant. An example of the method for the addition of such a ~ompound which will p~ovide for Su~strate Induced Recognition (SI~) is 0.05~ (0.5 grams per liter) olive oil added to the growth and conditioning media specified below.
"Substxate Induced Recognition" (SIR) provides for significant enhancement and/or increase in the capabillty of the microorganisms and bacteria to recognise and accelerate the rate of utilisation (met~bolism) of the specific waste materi~ls related to the substrate present in the influent.
Induction is the process by which a compound initiates the synthe5is of enzymes within the microorga~ism which pro~ides the cell with the : capability to identify and metabolise more quickly the 3 compo~nd which caused the indu~tion to oc~ur, as well '~ ~s, chemically similar materials. This causes an ~ncrease in the efficiency and the rate of removal of the material in question by the ~ost rapid utilisation of oxyg~n or the oxidation of the compounds in question in the aeration tank.
~zo~S100 lO~SI~ d~S ~OO~ZZ ZLZ0 ~ LZ:LI 1~ C0/CT
.. ,.. - ., . . - j .. . ., " , , ~ , :
:,. . , . , :, . . . . . . . . .
2036~
~n example of the actual technique for the introduction of the microorganisms and bacteria grown in the system described in -the invention is as follows:
M~THOP
_ _ For example:
An amount of five (5) to ten (l0) volumes, for ex~mple, of microorganisms and bacteria for each one million (l06~ volumes of incoming wastewatex per day should be introduced by feeding once or perhaps twice per day depending upon the duration of the treatmen~
syqtem provid~d by th~ wastewater treatment plant.
For example, a growth and feeding sy~tem of one hundred (l~0) to two hundred (200) liters in volume would be sufficient to provide the microbiolo~ical and bacterial seed for a treatment plant having an average hydraulic flow of twenty million ~20 x io6) liters of influent p~r day.
The actual sequ~nce of pr~paration, growth and Addition of the resulting seed culture for the type system discussed above is as follows~
1) T~ two hundred (200) liters of treatm~nt plant effluent ~prior to any disinfection) and~
a) inorgani~ media composed o~ salts, for example:
-0.l4 Ammonium chloride or sulfate -0.1% Disodium or dipotassium phosphats -0.05~ Epsom salts (magnesium sul~ate) bl organic media composed of nutrients, for example~
-0.l~ so~ium or potassium salt of a short chain fatty acid like acetate, propionate, laetate or ~utyrate.
-0.l~ pepton~, tryptone or yeast extract.
.
. ~ .
~ zoJ~l00 ~O~SI~ d~S 600~ZZ ZLZ0 X~ 8Z:LT l~. S0~SI
_g_ Z0363~2 c) Soil inoculum or other 50il bacteri~l source including commercial preparations, 30 grammes to 1/2 kilogram in quantity.
~) Upon additi~n of the above ingredients, begin aeration of the growth tank Ll containing the entire contents of the system. Aeration can be provided by a diFfused air system employing 0.006 to 0,015 cubic meters per minut~ which is ample for the two hundred (~00) liter tank.
3) Aeration should ~e cont~nued for an appropriate period o~ time. The content~ o4 the tank sho~ld then be added to the appropriate section of the wast~wa~er treat~en~ facility. This addl~lon may ~g made so one half the volu~e of the tank is added to the appropriate section of the treatment plant at predetermined intervals (e.g. twelve hours).
APPL~CATIONS
There are several possible applications for whlch the microbiological and bacterial s~ed culture developed during the growth phase discussed above may be used. Each of these applications will require a -separate s~t o~ conditions, application points and evaluations to be performed. Possible applications include:
A) ~nhanced Treatment ~ e . g . improved removal efficiency o~ biochemical oxygen demand EBOD~ and suspended solids [SS]: The seed culture shoula be added to the point at which the influent enters the plant (figure 1 point J) or to the secondary process ~e.g. the aeration tank [figure 1 point B].
) Increased Hydraulic or Organic ~oading Capability: The seed culture should be ~dded to the point at which the influent enters the plant (figure 1 point J~. ~
C) Decreased Production or Generation of :.
: :
~zo~Ll00 ~O~SI~ d~S ooonzz ZLZ0 X~ ~Z:LT T~, ~O~CT
- 1 o - 2036~
~iological Solids (Sludge): The seed culture should be added to the point in the plant at which the solids are at their highest concentration (e.g. the return sludge line [fig~re 1 point ~]. It can also be added 5 to the primary clarifier or the point at which the influent enters the plant ~figure 1 point J) if proce;sing of the primary solids is a concern and solid~ from the primary olarifier and the ~econdary sys~em do not mix or com~ into conta~t within a flow-through section of the plant.
D) Grease And Soum Control: The ~eed culture should be added to the point at which the influent enters the plant (figure 1 point J) or upline in the sewer system as far as p~actici~l. In some cases it 5 may be appropriate to grow the seed culture at a :~
location other than ths plant and in~ect it directly into the sewer.
` ~) Nitrification, DenitriflcatiOn and Nutrient : ::
Remov~l: Seed cultures for each of these ~ro~esses may be developed using the same physical equipment as previo~sly indicated, but using different growth tanks Ll, L2, L3 etc. ~he nutrient mixture for these seed cult~res i9 different and must be used in conjunction with the process d~scribed in A) above - "~nhanced -~ `
Treatment". T.hus a mixture of the bactexial seed prepared for "Enhanced Treatment" and a mixture of the :bac~erial seed prepared for "Nitrificatlon" must be `~
added to the point at which the influent enters the plant (figuxe 1 point J~ to provide for signiicant 3 ammonia removal within the wastewater treatment plant, . nitrification.
The growth media for the seed culture used for providing or enhancing nitrification must not contain organic material. An ex.ample of such a growth 35 solution is a5 ~ollo~s:
'~
~z0~8l00 ~O~SI~ dHS ~008zz ZLZO ~ Z:~I lo. Co/CI
-11~
20363~92 ino~ganic media composed of salts, for example:
O.05~ ammonium chloride or ~ulfate 0.05~ disodium or dipotassium phosphate 0.01~ Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate) 0.1% llmestone ox chalk particles nutrient ~ixture composed of, for example:
0.1% soda ash or bicarbonate of soda.
~uring growth, the solution in which the qeea culture is growing will become ~cidified, that is, will dxop in pH. Thi5 ig corrected by the addition of measure~ quantities of any basic inor~anic solution (e.g. ammonium hydroxide, which is pr~f0rre~) to maintain ths pH of the growing seed ~ulture between pH
7 and 8 and provide addi.ional growth nutriants.
Addition of this culture may be made in conjunction with the seed oult~re for "Enhanced Treatment".
~ ) Plant Stability ox Recovery from a Hydraulic 5hock or Organic Shock Load: ~his condition m~y also be produced ~rom large 1uctuations in pH, temperature, or inor~anic solute concentr~tion. The seed ~lture should be added to the point at which the influe~t enters the plant ~figure 1 point J). The addition of the seed culture should be maintained ~5 through suspected loading problems since the seed culture will not have e~perienoed contact with the shock load. Because the existing baomass ~eases to g,row and met~olise for a period of time when it ` experiences conditional shock, having ~icroorganisms available to grow and ~eprod~e im~ediately upon entry into the plan~ is the key to recovery from a shock.
G) Competition with ~oisome Organisms (e.g.
i .
`~ ~ Fllamentous Bact~ria): A group or type of microor~anisms will pxedominate in a system be~ause -~ 35 ~hey find a favourable environment ~nd possess the . - .
- ~ .
~Z0~l0~ ~0~SI~ dHS ~o0~ZZ ZLZ0 X~ 0C:LI 1~ C0~l -l2- 20~ 3~
capacity to out~row other existing biological forms, By imposing a continuous seed of rapidly growing and biochemically diverse ~icroorgani~ms on the processes o~ the wastewater treatme~t plant, the opportunity or a single type of bacteria or microorganism to predominate or proliferate is minimised. The addition o~ the seed culture to the point at which the inf luent enters the plant (figure l point J) will control, as much as is biologically possible, the predominance o~
noisoms o~anisms (e~g. filamentous bacteria).
Each of the applications of the ~eed culture descri~ed in A-G above will provide microorganisms which can proliferate in the various functional parts of the wastewater treatment plant. Dixect determinations of the bacterial numbers in the txe~tment plant are possible using simple microbiological techniques like dilRtion plating using agar media to enumerate the bacteria p~esent. It is a useful endeavour to perform these types of analyses in order to be convinced of the effect of introducing microbiological seed cultures into the ~astewater - ~:
treatment plant and to co~xelate the result produced on the treat~ent plant with a change in the number and diversity o~ the microbiological and bacterial flora within the ~reatment system under evaluation. ~n this way the quantity and diversity o the microorganisms within the treatment plant processes may be obser~ed dire~tly. The actual determinations o the bac~erial numbers and techniques for preparation of the analytical systems, like the use of petri dishes, for those determinations discussed within the ~e~t go , beyond the scope o~ this invention.
~zo/ozo0 ~O~SI~ dHS ~OO~ZZ ZLZ0 X~ IC:LI l~ C0
Claims (9)
1. A method of treating wastewater in a treatment plant which consists of taking a quantity of the effluent water from the plant before disinfection, using the microbiological or bacterial organisms in the that quantity of effluent to seed growth of organisms in a growth tank and supplying organisms for wastewater treatment from the growth tank to the influent of the plant.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1 wherein the organisms from the growth tank are supplied to the influent of the plant.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2 wherein substrate induced recognition is used to enhance and program the effect of the organisms, the growth tank being fed with predetermined particular organic materials and/or industrial products as the organisms grow.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3 wherein the particular organic and/or industrial products are particulate.
5. The method as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein the volume of organism containing water fed back from the growth tank each day to the plant is between 1 and 20 parts per million of the daily flow of the plant.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5 wherein the volume of organism containing water fed back from the growth tank each day to the plant is between 5 and 10 parts per million of the daily flow of the plant.
7. The method as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein the growth tank is provided with suitably formulated food for the organisms and is aerated.
8. The method as claimed in any of the preceding claims wherein the growth tank is provided with supplementary microorganisms.
9. The method as claimed in any of the preceding claims in which organisms derived from the plant are grown in a plurality of growth tanks under the same or differing conditions of ambience and/or food and/or preconditioning, and the products of the growth tanks are used individually or in predetermined combinations to provide specific system improvements or amelioration of conditions in the wastewater treatment plant.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB898916153A GB8916153D0 (en) | 1989-07-14 | 1989-07-14 | Wastewater treatment |
| GB8916153.3 | 1989-07-14 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2036392A1 true CA2036392A1 (en) | 1991-01-15 |
Family
ID=10660052
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA 2036392 Abandoned CA2036392A1 (en) | 1989-07-14 | 1990-07-16 | Wastewater treatment |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0434810A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH04505279A (en) |
| AU (2) | AU6033890A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2036392A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB8916153D0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1991001278A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU674511B2 (en) * | 1992-04-29 | 1997-01-02 | Neatport Pty Ltd | Waste water treatment system |
| GB2285439A (en) * | 1993-12-06 | 1995-07-12 | Mass Transfer Ltd | Providing microorganisms for use in waste treatment |
| FR2737718B1 (en) * | 1995-08-07 | 1997-09-26 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | METHOD FOR BIODEPOLLUTION OF EFFLUENTS WITH HIGH POLLUTANT CONCENTRATIONS, AND METHOD FOR SELECTING STRAINS FOR USE IN SAID METHOD |
| BE1012218A3 (en) * | 1998-10-02 | 2000-07-04 | Hydro Top Rech & Dev | Additives for biological water treatment |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB284267A (en) * | 1927-01-26 | 1929-03-14 | Dansk Gaerings Industri As | Process for the biological purification of waste waters from yeast and sugar factories, distilleries and other factories |
| GB307587A (en) * | 1928-01-25 | 1929-03-14 | Dansk Gaerings Industri As | Improvements in the biological purification of waste water |
| FR2396726A1 (en) * | 1977-07-08 | 1979-02-02 | Ugine Kuhlmann | BIOLOGICAL DENITRIFICATION OF EFFLUENTS |
| JPS5544303A (en) * | 1978-09-22 | 1980-03-28 | Hitachi Ltd | Sedimentation property improving method of activated sludge |
| SE446526B (en) * | 1979-04-24 | 1986-09-22 | Rodococc Innovation Ab | PROCEDURE FOR THE EXPOSURE OF HEAVY METALS FROM THE WASTE WATER CONTAINING SULPHATIONS |
| DE3210911C2 (en) * | 1982-03-25 | 1985-10-31 | Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, 5170 Jülich | Process for obtaining furfural-degrading bacteria, bacteria obtainable thereafter and their use |
| US4511657A (en) * | 1982-05-25 | 1985-04-16 | Occidental Chemical Corporation | Treatment of obnoxious chemical wastes |
| JPH0611438B2 (en) * | 1983-11-14 | 1994-02-16 | 栗田工業株式会社 | Biological reaction method |
| JPS6178494A (en) * | 1984-09-21 | 1986-04-22 | Nec Corp | Biological treatment of waste water |
-
1989
- 1989-07-14 GB GB898916153A patent/GB8916153D0/en active Pending
-
1990
- 1990-07-16 WO PCT/GB1990/001092 patent/WO1991001278A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1990-07-16 CA CA 2036392 patent/CA2036392A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-07-16 AU AU60338/90A patent/AU6033890A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1990-07-16 EP EP19900910787 patent/EP0434810A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1990-07-16 JP JP51020790A patent/JPH04505279A/en active Pending
-
1993
- 1993-10-18 AU AU49080/93A patent/AU4908093A/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB8916153D0 (en) | 1989-08-31 |
| EP0434810A1 (en) | 1991-07-03 |
| JPH04505279A (en) | 1992-09-17 |
| AU6033890A (en) | 1991-02-22 |
| WO1991001278A1 (en) | 1991-02-07 |
| AU4908093A (en) | 1994-01-13 |
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