CA2001533A1 - Electrode - Google Patents
ElectrodeInfo
- Publication number
- CA2001533A1 CA2001533A1 CA002001533A CA2001533A CA2001533A1 CA 2001533 A1 CA2001533 A1 CA 2001533A1 CA 002001533 A CA002001533 A CA 002001533A CA 2001533 A CA2001533 A CA 2001533A CA 2001533 A1 CA2001533 A1 CA 2001533A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- lead
- electrode
- alloy
- electrode body
- silver
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D17/10—Electrodes, e.g. composition, counter electrode
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/02—Electrodes; Connections thereof
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
An anode which includes a body which is made principally of lead or of aluminium with a 20 micron coating of an alloy of 95% lead, 5%
silver on the body.
The anode reduces lead ion migration through an electrolyte to a cathode during the electrowinning of zinc.
An anode which includes a body which is made principally of lead or of aluminium with a 20 micron coating of an alloy of 95% lead, 5%
silver on the body.
The anode reduces lead ion migration through an electrolyte to a cathode during the electrowinning of zinc.
Description
~, This invention relates generally to an electrode and more particularly is concerned with an electrode of the type used as an anode in, for example, the electrowinning of zinc.
Pure lead anodes have been used for electrolyzing zinc from an aqueous solution of zinc sulphate in diluted sulphuric acid on to an aluminium or zinc cathode.
However, with a pure lead anode, lead ions migrate to the cathode and reduce the purity of the zinc which is recovered in the process.
Stlver has been added to the lead anode to reduce the aforementioned problem of lead ion migration. The addition of silver, of from 0,5% to lX by weight to the anode, does reduce lead ion migration and at the same time hardens the anode slightly thereby increasing its resistance to corrosion and increasing its life. Obviously an anode of this type costs more due to the expense of the silver.
SUMMARY OF THE INYENTION
The invention is concerned with an electrode in which the amount of silver, or equivalent additive, is reduced.
The invention provides an electrode which includes an electrode body and at least one coating of a lead alloy on at least a portion of the electrode body.
The lead alloy used for the coating may comprise a lead/silver alloy, a lead/palladium alloy, or a lead~silver/palladium alloy.
" ,~
' " ,..',' -' ; ~
2001533 :
A plurality of the lead alloy coatings may be formed on the body, each with different properties.
The lead alloy may contain from about 90X to 97X lead by weight. A suitable lead content is of the order of 95X
with the remainder, 5~, being silver, palladium or a mixture of silver and palladium.
The lead alloy coating may have a thickness of from 1 to 100 microns and preferably the thickness of the coating is from 10 to 20 microns.
The lead alloy coating may have formed on it a layer of lead diox;de, lead peroxide or manyanese dioxide. This, in a manner which is not fully understood, provides a protective coating to the electrode which reduces lead loss from the anode surface and thereby ~mproves the quallty of zinc recovered in an electrowinning process.
In one form of the invention the electrode body is made at least principally of lead and preferably comprises lead alloyed with at least one of the following: calcium, barium and strontium.
In another form of the invention the electrode body is made at least principally from aluminium. To improve the adherence of the lead alloy coating to the electrode body an undercoat of a silver or gold layer, or equivalent, may be provided on the aluminium electrode body and the lead alloy coating may be formed thereon.
Aluminium is lighter than lead and is a far better conductor of electricity and consequently it is possible to fnrm an aluminium based electrode with the same surface area as a lead based electrode, but thinner.
The silver or gold undercoat may have a thickness which is less than 1 micron and for example may be of the order of 0,5 ~icrons thick.
The invention also provides a method of forming an electrode which includes the step of forming at least one coating of a lead alloy on an electrode body.
The lead alloy may comprise one of the following: a lead/silver alloy, a lead/palladium alloy, and a lead/silver/palladium alloy.
The lead alloy may contain from 90X to 97X lead by weight and preferably contains lead in the amount of approximatelY 95X.
The lead alloy coating may have a thickness of from 1 to 100 microns and preferably the thickness is of the order of from 10 to 20 microns.
The lead alloy may be electrodeposited on the electrode body in an electrolysis tank and the electrolyte in the tank may comprise a lead hydroxide and silver cyanide solution, in the presence of sodium cyanide and sodium hydroxide, or of potassium cyanide and potassium ;;
hydroxide, or a mixture thereof.
The method may include the step, prior to forming the lead alloy coating, of preparing the surface of the electrode body by means of at least one process selected from the ~
following: sandblasting, electropolishing and exposure to ;
a suitable reagent such as a dilute acetic or nitric acid solution. ;
The surface of the electrode body may be etched, ridged, pitted, oxidised, activated or passivated to receive a - : - :
~, 20~)1S33 stable and uniform coating thereon.
One or more layers of the lead alloy coating may be applied to the electrode body. Each coating may be of the same or a different composition.
In one form of the invention the electrode body is made from lead alloyed ~ith at least one of the following:
calcium, barium and strontium.
In a different form of the invention the electrode body is made from aluminium ~ith a silver or gold undercoat on which the lead alloy coating is formed. It is possible to ~-form the lead alloy coating on the electrode body by first ; it1nning or soldering the electrode body in an inert atmosphere with a suitable tin/lead alloy, or by applying the alloy using a flux. The tin/lead alloy prevents the surface of the aluminium electrode body, once cleaned, from oxidising, and provides a substrate for the lead coating.
The principles of the invention are particularly suitable for producing an anode for use in the electrowinning of zinc. The invention is thus intended to cover an electrolysis cell for the electrowinning of zinc which includes an aqueous solution of zinc sulphate in diluted sulphuric acid, a cathode which is made at least principally from aluminium or zinc, and an anode of the aforementioned kind.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
' ' The invention is further described by way of examples with ~ ~;reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
~
Figure 1 sche~atically depicts the production of an anode -~ ,...
,, .
, ':~ '~' .
Pure lead anodes have been used for electrolyzing zinc from an aqueous solution of zinc sulphate in diluted sulphuric acid on to an aluminium or zinc cathode.
However, with a pure lead anode, lead ions migrate to the cathode and reduce the purity of the zinc which is recovered in the process.
Stlver has been added to the lead anode to reduce the aforementioned problem of lead ion migration. The addition of silver, of from 0,5% to lX by weight to the anode, does reduce lead ion migration and at the same time hardens the anode slightly thereby increasing its resistance to corrosion and increasing its life. Obviously an anode of this type costs more due to the expense of the silver.
SUMMARY OF THE INYENTION
The invention is concerned with an electrode in which the amount of silver, or equivalent additive, is reduced.
The invention provides an electrode which includes an electrode body and at least one coating of a lead alloy on at least a portion of the electrode body.
The lead alloy used for the coating may comprise a lead/silver alloy, a lead/palladium alloy, or a lead~silver/palladium alloy.
" ,~
' " ,..',' -' ; ~
2001533 :
A plurality of the lead alloy coatings may be formed on the body, each with different properties.
The lead alloy may contain from about 90X to 97X lead by weight. A suitable lead content is of the order of 95X
with the remainder, 5~, being silver, palladium or a mixture of silver and palladium.
The lead alloy coating may have a thickness of from 1 to 100 microns and preferably the thickness of the coating is from 10 to 20 microns.
The lead alloy coating may have formed on it a layer of lead diox;de, lead peroxide or manyanese dioxide. This, in a manner which is not fully understood, provides a protective coating to the electrode which reduces lead loss from the anode surface and thereby ~mproves the quallty of zinc recovered in an electrowinning process.
In one form of the invention the electrode body is made at least principally of lead and preferably comprises lead alloyed with at least one of the following: calcium, barium and strontium.
In another form of the invention the electrode body is made at least principally from aluminium. To improve the adherence of the lead alloy coating to the electrode body an undercoat of a silver or gold layer, or equivalent, may be provided on the aluminium electrode body and the lead alloy coating may be formed thereon.
Aluminium is lighter than lead and is a far better conductor of electricity and consequently it is possible to fnrm an aluminium based electrode with the same surface area as a lead based electrode, but thinner.
The silver or gold undercoat may have a thickness which is less than 1 micron and for example may be of the order of 0,5 ~icrons thick.
The invention also provides a method of forming an electrode which includes the step of forming at least one coating of a lead alloy on an electrode body.
The lead alloy may comprise one of the following: a lead/silver alloy, a lead/palladium alloy, and a lead/silver/palladium alloy.
The lead alloy may contain from 90X to 97X lead by weight and preferably contains lead in the amount of approximatelY 95X.
The lead alloy coating may have a thickness of from 1 to 100 microns and preferably the thickness is of the order of from 10 to 20 microns.
The lead alloy may be electrodeposited on the electrode body in an electrolysis tank and the electrolyte in the tank may comprise a lead hydroxide and silver cyanide solution, in the presence of sodium cyanide and sodium hydroxide, or of potassium cyanide and potassium ;;
hydroxide, or a mixture thereof.
The method may include the step, prior to forming the lead alloy coating, of preparing the surface of the electrode body by means of at least one process selected from the ~
following: sandblasting, electropolishing and exposure to ;
a suitable reagent such as a dilute acetic or nitric acid solution. ;
The surface of the electrode body may be etched, ridged, pitted, oxidised, activated or passivated to receive a - : - :
~, 20~)1S33 stable and uniform coating thereon.
One or more layers of the lead alloy coating may be applied to the electrode body. Each coating may be of the same or a different composition.
In one form of the invention the electrode body is made from lead alloyed ~ith at least one of the following:
calcium, barium and strontium.
In a different form of the invention the electrode body is made from aluminium ~ith a silver or gold undercoat on which the lead alloy coating is formed. It is possible to ~-form the lead alloy coating on the electrode body by first ; it1nning or soldering the electrode body in an inert atmosphere with a suitable tin/lead alloy, or by applying the alloy using a flux. The tin/lead alloy prevents the surface of the aluminium electrode body, once cleaned, from oxidising, and provides a substrate for the lead coating.
The principles of the invention are particularly suitable for producing an anode for use in the electrowinning of zinc. The invention is thus intended to cover an electrolysis cell for the electrowinning of zinc which includes an aqueous solution of zinc sulphate in diluted sulphuric acid, a cathode which is made at least principally from aluminium or zinc, and an anode of the aforementioned kind.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
' ' The invention is further described by way of examples with ~ ~;reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
~
Figure 1 sche~atically depicts the production of an anode -~ ,...
,, .
, ':~ '~' .
2~ 533 in accordance with the principles of the invent;on, Figure 2 is a cross sectional view of portion of an anode according to one form of the invention, Figure 3 schematically depicts the use of the anode of the invention in the electrowinning of zinc, and Figure 4 shows a modification to the arrangement of Figure 1.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Figure 1 illustrates an electrolysis tank 10 which contains an electrolyte 12 of lead hydroxide and silver cyanide solution, in the presence of sodium cyanide and sodium hydroxide, or of potassium cyanide and potassium hydroxide, or a mixture thereof.
Located in the electrolyte are a plurality of anode bodies 14 which are electrically connected to one terminal of a power supply 16, and a plurality of lead sheets 18 which are electrically connected to a second terminal of the power supply 16. The power supply is under the control of a control unit 20 whereby the amplitude of the voltage, the current waveform produced by the supply 16, and the time period for which current flows from the power supply through the electrolyte 12, can be controlled. The power supply 16 and the control unit 20 are known in the art and consequently are not further described herein. It is to be noted the current in the electrolyte can also be varied by ;
changing the electrolyte composition, or by altering the spacings between the anode bodies 14 and the lead sheets 18.
;;
Each anode body 14 is made, according to one embodiment of ! :, ! ~ ~. , . . . ., ~
2~15~3 the invention, from lead which is alloyed with calcium. It is to be noted however that it is possible to alloy the lead with barium or strontium instead of or in addition t~
the calcium.
Prior to being placed in the electrolyte each lead anode body is cleaned by sandblasting, by electropolishing or by being dipped into a suitable reagent such as diluted acetic acid or nitric acid solution. The lead anode bodies are evenly spaced in the electrolyzing tank.
The lead sheets, in this embodiment of the invention, contain from 4X to 7X silver by weight and are placed between the anode bodies 14, again evenly spaced from one another. The silver content is chosen so that 5X silver is deposited on the anode bodies 14.
When current flows between the bodies 14 and the lead plates 18 a coating of lead and silver, from the plates 18, is electrodeposited on the anode bodies 14. By using the control unit 20 it is possible to regulate the thickness of the silver/lead coating, on the anode bodies, to from 1 to 100 microns and, preferably, to a thickness of the order of 20 microns. The lead anode body with the lead/silver coating can be coated with a thin layer of lead oxide, lead peroxide or manganese dioxide. This reduces the loss of lead from the anode when it is used in the production of zinc.
The lead plates 18 have been described as including silver. Instead of silver, or in addition thereto, palladium may be used in the coating composition. Equally -beneficial results are obtained.
Figure 2 illustrates a portion of anode body 14 with a lead/silver coating 22 deposited thereon. A thin layer 24 . . .
of lead dioxide covers the coating 22.
According to a different embodiment of the invention the anode body 14 is not formed from a lead alloy but, instead, from aluminium. Aluminium is less dense than lead and is far more electrically cGnductive than lead and it is possible therefore to form the anode body so that it is thinner than for a lead anode body, but with the same surface area. Aluminium oxidises readily and in order to ensure that the lead alloy coating 22 adheres to the aluminium body it is necessary to clean the surface of the aluminium body in an inert atmosphere for example a n1trogen atmosphere. ~he aluminium body can then be coated with silver, by a chemical, electrolytic or other suitable process, in a very thin layer designated 26 in Figure 2, of the order of 0,5 microns. Thereafter the silver coated -aluminium anode body can be used, in the manner described 1n connection w1th Figure 1, and have applied to it a lead/silver coating. Again it is possible to use palladium in place of or in addition to the silver.
:' An anode formed in the manner described performs adequately in an electro chemical cell for the electrowinning of zinc with a reduced quantity of lead 10ns migrating from the anode on to the cathode which is used. This results in zinc with a high degree of purity being produced in the process.
Figure 3 schematically depicts a zinc electrowinning process wherein an anode 28, produced in accordance with the principles of the invention, in the manner which has been described hereinbefore, is located in an electrolyte 30, such as zinc sulphate in diluted sulphuric acid, in an electrolysis tank 32. A cathode 34 of aluminium or zinc is also placed in the electrolyte and the anode-and the cathode are connected to a power supply 36 under the ~
:' " ",, ', ' ' ""' :: .
.. - ~ - . -...... .. - . ~ ~
Z0~1533 ;
control of a control unit 38. As has been pointed out the migration of lead ions from the anode 28 to the cathode 34 is reduced. The reason for the reduction in ion migration is not fully understood but it is believed that as electrolysis is in essence a surface reaction it is possible to achieve the benefits of a lead/silver or lead/palladium anode by providing a high silver to lead content only on the surface of the anode.
It is to be noted that the silver to lead ratio in the sheets 18 is varied so that the desired proportion of silver is electrodeposited on the anode bodies 14. If the anode bodies are to have 5X of silver in their coatings then, depending on the circumstances, the lead sheets 18 may have from 4X to 7X silver.
An alternative method of controlling the silver content of the coatings is to make use of two electrodes 18A and 18B
in place of a single lead sheet 18, as indicated in Figure 4 ~hich shows a portion of the arrangement of Figure 1.
The electrode 18A may be pure lead while the electrode lBB
is pure silver or 50X silver/50X lead alloy. The current through each electrode is then finely and separately controlled by means of separate power supplies 16A and 16B
respectively, so that the percentage of silver, in each coating, can be accurately controlled.
., ~
" s:
i ; ~
', ' ,' ',",~,', ~ ~ ;
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Figure 1 illustrates an electrolysis tank 10 which contains an electrolyte 12 of lead hydroxide and silver cyanide solution, in the presence of sodium cyanide and sodium hydroxide, or of potassium cyanide and potassium hydroxide, or a mixture thereof.
Located in the electrolyte are a plurality of anode bodies 14 which are electrically connected to one terminal of a power supply 16, and a plurality of lead sheets 18 which are electrically connected to a second terminal of the power supply 16. The power supply is under the control of a control unit 20 whereby the amplitude of the voltage, the current waveform produced by the supply 16, and the time period for which current flows from the power supply through the electrolyte 12, can be controlled. The power supply 16 and the control unit 20 are known in the art and consequently are not further described herein. It is to be noted the current in the electrolyte can also be varied by ;
changing the electrolyte composition, or by altering the spacings between the anode bodies 14 and the lead sheets 18.
;;
Each anode body 14 is made, according to one embodiment of ! :, ! ~ ~. , . . . ., ~
2~15~3 the invention, from lead which is alloyed with calcium. It is to be noted however that it is possible to alloy the lead with barium or strontium instead of or in addition t~
the calcium.
Prior to being placed in the electrolyte each lead anode body is cleaned by sandblasting, by electropolishing or by being dipped into a suitable reagent such as diluted acetic acid or nitric acid solution. The lead anode bodies are evenly spaced in the electrolyzing tank.
The lead sheets, in this embodiment of the invention, contain from 4X to 7X silver by weight and are placed between the anode bodies 14, again evenly spaced from one another. The silver content is chosen so that 5X silver is deposited on the anode bodies 14.
When current flows between the bodies 14 and the lead plates 18 a coating of lead and silver, from the plates 18, is electrodeposited on the anode bodies 14. By using the control unit 20 it is possible to regulate the thickness of the silver/lead coating, on the anode bodies, to from 1 to 100 microns and, preferably, to a thickness of the order of 20 microns. The lead anode body with the lead/silver coating can be coated with a thin layer of lead oxide, lead peroxide or manganese dioxide. This reduces the loss of lead from the anode when it is used in the production of zinc.
The lead plates 18 have been described as including silver. Instead of silver, or in addition thereto, palladium may be used in the coating composition. Equally -beneficial results are obtained.
Figure 2 illustrates a portion of anode body 14 with a lead/silver coating 22 deposited thereon. A thin layer 24 . . .
of lead dioxide covers the coating 22.
According to a different embodiment of the invention the anode body 14 is not formed from a lead alloy but, instead, from aluminium. Aluminium is less dense than lead and is far more electrically cGnductive than lead and it is possible therefore to form the anode body so that it is thinner than for a lead anode body, but with the same surface area. Aluminium oxidises readily and in order to ensure that the lead alloy coating 22 adheres to the aluminium body it is necessary to clean the surface of the aluminium body in an inert atmosphere for example a n1trogen atmosphere. ~he aluminium body can then be coated with silver, by a chemical, electrolytic or other suitable process, in a very thin layer designated 26 in Figure 2, of the order of 0,5 microns. Thereafter the silver coated -aluminium anode body can be used, in the manner described 1n connection w1th Figure 1, and have applied to it a lead/silver coating. Again it is possible to use palladium in place of or in addition to the silver.
:' An anode formed in the manner described performs adequately in an electro chemical cell for the electrowinning of zinc with a reduced quantity of lead 10ns migrating from the anode on to the cathode which is used. This results in zinc with a high degree of purity being produced in the process.
Figure 3 schematically depicts a zinc electrowinning process wherein an anode 28, produced in accordance with the principles of the invention, in the manner which has been described hereinbefore, is located in an electrolyte 30, such as zinc sulphate in diluted sulphuric acid, in an electrolysis tank 32. A cathode 34 of aluminium or zinc is also placed in the electrolyte and the anode-and the cathode are connected to a power supply 36 under the ~
:' " ",, ', ' ' ""' :: .
.. - ~ - . -...... .. - . ~ ~
Z0~1533 ;
control of a control unit 38. As has been pointed out the migration of lead ions from the anode 28 to the cathode 34 is reduced. The reason for the reduction in ion migration is not fully understood but it is believed that as electrolysis is in essence a surface reaction it is possible to achieve the benefits of a lead/silver or lead/palladium anode by providing a high silver to lead content only on the surface of the anode.
It is to be noted that the silver to lead ratio in the sheets 18 is varied so that the desired proportion of silver is electrodeposited on the anode bodies 14. If the anode bodies are to have 5X of silver in their coatings then, depending on the circumstances, the lead sheets 18 may have from 4X to 7X silver.
An alternative method of controlling the silver content of the coatings is to make use of two electrodes 18A and 18B
in place of a single lead sheet 18, as indicated in Figure 4 ~hich shows a portion of the arrangement of Figure 1.
The electrode 18A may be pure lead while the electrode lBB
is pure silver or 50X silver/50X lead alloy. The current through each electrode is then finely and separately controlled by means of separate power supplies 16A and 16B
respectively, so that the percentage of silver, in each coating, can be accurately controlled.
., ~
" s:
i ; ~
', ' ,' ',",~,', ~ ~ ;
Claims (20)
1. An electrode which includes an electrode body and at least one coating of a lead alloy on at least a portion of the electrode body.
2. An electrode according to claim 1 wherein the lead alloy is at least one of the following: a lead/silver alloy and a lead/palladium alloy.
3. An electrode according to claim 2 wherein the lead alloy contains from 90% to 97% lead by weight.
4. An electrode according to claim 1 wherein the lead alloy coating has a thickness of from 1 to 100 microns.
5. An electrode according to claim 4 wherein the thickness of the lead alloy coating is of the order of 20 microns.
6. An electrode according to claim 1 which includes, on the lead alloy coating, a layer of a material selected from the following: lead dioxide, lead peroxide and manganese dioxide.
7. An electrode according to claim 1 wherein the electrode body is made at least principally from lead.
8. An electrode according to claim 7 wherein the electrode body is made from lead alloyed with at least one of the following calcium, barium and strontium.
9. An electrode according to claim 1 wherein the electrode body is made at least principally from aluminium.
10. An electrode according to claim 9 wherein the aluminium electrode body has an undercoat of a silver or gold layer on which the lead alloy coating is formed.
11. A method of forming an electrode which includes the step of forming at least one coating of a lead alloy on an electrode body.
12. A method according to claim 11 wherein the lead alloy is at least one of the following: a lead/silver alloy and a lead/palladium alloy.
13. A method according to claim 11 wherein the lead alloy contains from 90% to 97% lead by weight.
14. A method according to claim 11 wherein the lead alloy coating has a thickness of from 1 to 100 microns.
15. A method according to claim 11 wherein the lead alloy is electrodeposited on the electrode body in an electrolysis tank.
16. A method according to claim 15 which includes the steps of electrodepositing the lead alloy on the electrode body from at least two electrodes of different compositions, and of separately controlling the rate of electrodeposition from each electrode to the electrode body thereby to control the composition of the deposited lead alloy.
17. A method according to claim 15 wherein the electrolyte in the tank is a lead hydroxide and silver cyanide solution, in the presence of sodium cyanide and sodium hydroxide, or of potassium cyanide and potassium hydroxide, or a mixture thereof.
18. A method according to claim 11 which includes the step, prior to forming the lead alloy coating, of preparing the surface of the electrode body by means of at least one process selected from the following:
sandblasting, electropolishing and exposure to a reagent.
sandblasting, electropolishing and exposure to a reagent.
19. A method according to claim 11 wherein the electrode body is made from lead alloyed with at least one of the following: calcium, barium and strontium.
20. A method according to claim 11 wherein the electrode body is made from aluminium with a silver or gold undercoat on which the lead alloy coating is formed.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ZA888151 | 1988-10-31 | ||
| ZA88/8151 | 1988-10-31 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2001533A1 true CA2001533A1 (en) | 1990-04-30 |
Family
ID=25579459
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002001533A Abandoned CA2001533A1 (en) | 1988-10-31 | 1989-10-26 | Electrode |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0376447A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU4385689A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2001533A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7455715B2 (en) * | 2001-07-13 | 2008-11-25 | Teck Cominco Metals Ltd. | Heap bioleaching process for the extraction of zinc |
| FI114927B (en) * | 2002-11-07 | 2005-01-31 | Outokumpu Oy | A method of forming a good contact surface with a cathode support bar and a support bar |
| FI114925B (en) * | 2002-11-07 | 2005-01-31 | Outokumpu Oy | Method of providing a good contact surface in the rail and rail of an electrolysis container |
| FI114926B (en) | 2002-11-07 | 2005-01-31 | Outokumpu Oy | A method of forming a good contact surface with an aluminum support bar and a support bar |
| FI114924B (en) * | 2002-11-07 | 2005-01-31 | Outokumpu Oy | Method for providing a good contact surface in an electrode holder arm and holder arm |
| CN1920103B (en) * | 2006-08-04 | 2010-05-12 | 河南豫光金铅股份有限公司 | Zinc electrolysis direct current coating technology for new anode plate |
| CN102888625B (en) * | 2012-10-10 | 2015-08-05 | 昆明理工恒达科技股份有限公司 | Non-ferrous metal electrodeposition palisading type positive plate |
| CN107604388B (en) | 2017-09-11 | 2023-08-08 | 昆明理工恒达科技股份有限公司 | Composite anode material and preparation method thereof, anode plate and preparation method thereof |
| CN109468666B (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-10-25 | 江西理工大学 | The method for preparing anode using the Zinc electrolysis earth of positive pole |
| CN112195435A (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-01-08 | 昆明理工大学 | Core-shell-like structure Al @ (TiB)2+Ti4O7)-PbO2Anode plate and preparation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3392094A (en) * | 1963-08-08 | 1968-07-09 | Cominco Ltd | Process for preconditioning lead or lead-alloy electrodes |
| OA05187A (en) * | 1975-12-06 | 1981-01-31 | Knight Bill Joe | Method and apparatus for casting anodes. |
| IT1082437B (en) * | 1977-08-03 | 1985-05-21 | Ammi Spa | ANODE FOR ELECTROLYTIC CELLS |
| CA1232227A (en) * | 1982-02-18 | 1988-02-02 | Christopher Vance | Manufacturing electrode by immersing substrate in aluminium halide and other metal solution and electroplating |
| EP0194321A1 (en) * | 1985-03-02 | 1986-09-17 | Bleiindustrie GmbH vorm. Jung + Lindig | Method for manufacturing lead anodes for zinc electrowinning, and lead anode produced thereby |
-
1989
- 1989-10-26 CA CA002001533A patent/CA2001533A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1989-10-30 AU AU43856/89A patent/AU4385689A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1989-10-31 EP EP89311214A patent/EP0376447A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU4385689A (en) | 1990-05-03 |
| EP0376447A1 (en) | 1990-07-04 |
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