CA1338895C - Diphosphonic acid derivatives, processes for the preparation thereof and pharmaceutical composition containing them - Google Patents

Diphosphonic acid derivatives, processes for the preparation thereof and pharmaceutical composition containing them

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CA1338895C
CA1338895C CA000543290A CA543290A CA1338895C CA 1338895 C CA1338895 C CA 1338895C CA 000543290 A CA000543290 A CA 000543290A CA 543290 A CA543290 A CA 543290A CA 1338895 C CA1338895 C CA 1338895C
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acid
het
general formula
salt
pharmaceutically acceptable
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Elmar Bosies
Rudi Gall
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Roche Diagnostics GmbH
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Boehringer Mannheim GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic System
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
    • C07F9/6536—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having nitrogen and sulfur atoms with or without oxygen atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07F9/6539—Five-membered rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/66—Phosphorus compounds
    • A61K31/675—Phosphorus compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. pyridoxal phosphate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
    • A61P3/12—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for electrolyte homeostasis
    • A61P3/14—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for electrolyte homeostasis for calcium homeostasis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic System
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
    • C07F9/645—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07F9/6503—Five-membered rings
    • C07F9/6506—Five-membered rings having the nitrogen atoms in positions 1 and 3
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic System
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
    • C07F9/6515—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07F9/6518—Five-membered rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic System
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
    • C07F9/6527—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07F9/653—Five-membered rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic System
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
    • C07F9/6527—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07F9/653—Five-membered rings
    • C07F9/65324—Five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or carbocyclic ring systems
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic System
    • C07F9/02—Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/547—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
    • C07F9/6536—Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having nitrogen and sulfur atoms with or without oxygen atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07F9/6539—Five-membered rings
    • C07F9/6541—Five-membered rings condensed with carbocyclic rings or carbocyclic ring systems

Abstract

Alkyldiphosphonic acid derivatives of the general formula:

Description

The present invention i9 concerned with new diphosphonic acid derivatives, processes for the preparation thereof and pharmaceutical compositions containinq them.

In DE-OS 32 03 307 and DE-OS 32 03 308 there are described arylethanediphosphonates, for example thienylethanediphosphonate and a pyrazolethanediphos-phonate with outstanding anti-inflammatory action.

In Federal Republic of Germany Patent Specific-ation No. 18 13 659, there are described diphosphonic acid derivatives of which l-hydroxyethane-l,l-diphosphonic acid has achieved importance as an agent for the treatment of Paget's disease. In European Patent Specification No. 0,186,4C5, there are described, inter alia, pyridylalkyldiphosphonates and in Federal Republic of Germany Patent Specification No. 34 28 524 there are described heteroaromatic alkyl-diphosphonates in which the alkylene chain contains at least 2 carbon atoms.
We have now found that analogous derivatives of these compounds in which there is only one carbon atom between the diphosphonate residue and the heterocyclic radical and the heterocycle is not a pyrazole ring also display these actions and, in addition, as good calcium complex formers, are suitable for the wider treatment of calcium metabolism disturbances. In particular, they can be ~ery well used in ca~ies in which the bone fo~n-- 2 - 133889~

ation and breakdown is disturbed, i.e. they are suitable for the treatment of diseases of the skeletal system, for example osteoporosis, Bechterew's disease and the like.
Moreover on the basis of these properties, they can also be used in the therapy of bone metastases or of urolithiasis and for the prevention of heterotopic ossifications. Furthermore, due to their influencing of the calcium metabolism, they for,n a basis for the treatment of rheumatoic arthritis, osteoarthritis and degenerative arthrosis.
Consequently, according to the present invention, there are provided diphosphonates of the general formula:

P(OR)2 Het - CH2- C - X (I) P(OR)2 o wherein Het is a hete-oaromatic five-membered ring containing 2 or 3 heteroatoms which can be partly hydrogenated and optionally substituted one or more times by alkyl, alkoxy, phenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohe~yl-methyl, halogen or amino, whereby two adjacent alkyl substituents can together also form ~ ring, X is a hydro-gen atom, a hydroxyl group or an amino group optionally substituted by lower alkyl and R is a hydrogen atom or C
- 3 ~ 1~3889~
`_ a lower alkyl radical, with the proviso that Het cannot be a pyrazole ring, as well as the pharmacologically compatible pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
of the 2 or 3 heteroatoms in the heteroaromatic five-membered ring, as a rule, one heteroatom is a nitrogen atom. Preferred heteroaromatic rings include the imidazole, imidazoline, isoxazole, oxazole, oxazoline, thiazole, thiazoline, triazole, oxadiazole and thadiazole radicals.
The alkyl and lower alkyl and the alkyl moiety of alkoxy are suitably hydrocarbon radicals containing 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms and are preferably methyl, ethyl or isobutyl radicals. Two adjacent alkyl substituents on the heteroaromatic five-membered ring can together also form a ring suitably a 5 to 7 and preferably a 6-membered ring.

By halogen is to be understood fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, chlorine being preferred.
Compounds in which two alkyl radicals together form a ring can be present as stereoisomeric mixtures or as pure cis- or trans-isomers.
Asymmetric carbon atoms can have the R-, S- or R,S-configuration.
Compounds of general formula (I) are prepared according to known processes.
When X in general formula (I) is a hydroxyl group, the new compounds are preferably prepared in that a) a carboxylic acid of the general formula:-_ - 4 - 1338835 Het - CH2- COOH (II), in which Het has the above-given meaning, is reacted with a mixture of phosphorous acid or phosphoric acid and a phosphorus halide and subsequently saponified or hydrolyzed to the free diphosphonic acid, or b) a carboxylic acid chloride of the general formula:-Het - CH2- C~Cl (III), in which Het has the above-given meaning, is reacted with a trialkyl phosphite of the general formula:-P(OR')3 (IV), in which R' is a lower alkyl radical, to give an acylphosphonate of the general formula:-O O
ll 11 Het - CH2- C - P(OR')2 (V), in which Het and R' have the above-given meanings, which is subsequently reacted with a dialkyl phosphite of the general formula:-H - P(OR')2 (VI), in which R' has the above-given meaning, to give a diphosphonate of the general formula:-~1 P(OR')2 Het - CH2- C - OH (VII), P(OR')2 in which Het and R' have the above-given meanings, and the tetraester obtained is optionally saponified or hydrolyzed to the corresponding diester or acid of general formula (I);
or when X in general formula (I) is an amino group optionally substituted by alkyl radicals, c) a carboxylic acid derivative of the general formula:-Het - CH2- Z (VIII), in which Het has the above-given meaning and z is a nitrile, iminoether or N,N-dialkylcarboxamido radical, is reacted with a phosphorus compound of the general formula:-3 (IX), in which T is a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group or OR',R' having the above-given meaning, and subsequently optionally saponified or hydrolyzed;
or when X in general formula (I) is a hydrogen atom, d) a compound of the general formula:-Het - CH2- A (X), ~.'' .

- 6 - 133889~

in which Het has the above-given meaning and A
is a reactive residue,for example a halogen atom or a sulphonate group, is reacted with a compound of the general formula:-/ P(OR')2 5 H2C \ (XI), P~R')2 in which R' has the above-given meaning, to give a diphosphonate of the general formula:-oP(OR')2 Het - CH2- C - H (XII)~
P(OR')2 in which Het and R' have the above-given meanings, lo and the tetra ester obtained is optionally saponified or hydrolyzed to the corresponding diester or acid of general formula (I);
The carboxylic acids of general formula (II) used in process a) are suitably reacted with 1 to 2 and preferably 1.5 mole of phosphorous acid or phosphoric acid and 1 to 2 and preferably 1.5 mole phosphorus trihalide at a temperature of from 80 to 130 C. and preferably of from 100 to 110C. The reaction can also be carried out in the presence of diluents, for example halogenated 133883~

hydrocarbons, especially chlorobenzene or tetrachloro-ethane, or also dioxan. A subsequent hydrolysis may take place by boiling with water but preferably with semi-concentrated hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid.
In the case of process b), the acid chloride of general formula (III) is suitably reacted with the trialkyl phosphite of general formula (IV) at a temperature of from 0 to 60C. and preferably of from 20 to 40C. It is possible to work without a solvent or also in the presence of an inert solvent, for example diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxan or also a halogenated hydro-carbon, for example methylene chloride. The acyl phosphonate of general formula (V) formed as an inter-mediate can be isolated or further worked up directly.
The subsequent reaction is suitably carried out in the presence of a weak base and preferably of a secondary amine, for example dibutylamine, at a temperature of from 0 to 60C. and preferably of from 10 to 30C.
In the case of process c), the nitrile of general formula (VIII) is reacted with phosphorous acid at a temperature of from 110 to 180C. The reaction can be carried out without or in the presence of an aprotic solvent, for example diglycol dimethyl ether or diglycol diethyl ether. However, the nitrile can also be reacted with a phosphorus trihalide, for example phosphorus trichloride or phosphorus tribromide, in an inert solvent, for example dioxan or tetrahydrofuran, I ~38895 optionally with the addition of water, at a temperature of from 20 to 80 C. Imino ethers of general formula (VIII) can be reacted with dialkyl phosphites prefer-ably-in the presence of an equimolar amount of sodium in an inert solvent, for example diethyl ether, dioxan or also benzene, the reaction usually taking place at the reflux temperature of the solvent employed. Acid amides of general formula (VIII) can be reacted in an inert solvent, for example a halogenated hydrocarbon or ether, for example diethyl ether, with a mixture of pho~phorus pentahalide/phosphorous acid or also of oxalyl chloride/trialkyl phosphite.

In the case of process d) the methylene-diphos-phonic acid ester of general formula (XI) is suitably used in the form of its sodium or potassium salt. For this purpose, it is suitably reacted with sodium or potassium or the corresponding hydride in an inert solvent, for example benzene, toluene, or dimethylforma-mide, at a temperature of from 0 to 40C. and preferably of 25C. The alkali metal salt may be reacted, without isolation, with the appropriate halide or sulphonate, the temperature hereby being from 20 to 110C.
The tetraalkyl esters possibly obtained in the case of processes b), c) and d) can be saponlfied or hydro-lyzed to diesters or to free tetra acids. The saponifi-cation or hydroiysis to diesters takes place, as a rule, by treating the tetraalkyl esters with an alkali metal halide, preferably 9 1~3889~

sodium iodide, in an appropriate solvent, for example acetone, at ambient temperature. There is hereby formed the symmetrical diester/disodium salt which, if desired, can be converted by means of an acidic ion exchanger into the diester/diacid. The saponification or hydrolysis to free diphospho~ic acidstakes place, as a rule, by boil-ingwithhydrochloric or hydrobromic acid. However, a cleavage can also be carried out with a trimethylsilyl halide, preferably the bromide or iodide. On the other hand, the free diphosphonic acid can again be converted into a tetraalkyl ester by boiling with an orthoformic acid alkyl ester. The free diphosphonic acids of general formula (I) can be isolated as free acids or in the form of their mono- or dialkali metal or am~onium salts. As a rule, the alkali metal salts can be readily purified by reprecipitation from water/methanol or water/acetone.
If desired, the compounds of general formula (I) can subsequently be converted from one into another.
They can, for example, be alkylated or, when X in general formula (I) signifies an unsubstituted amino group, can be converted by diazotisation into compounds of general formula (I) in which X is a hydroxyl group.
By hydrogenolytic splitting off of an N-benzyl radical, there can be prepared, for example, the corresponding unsubstituted compounds of general formula (I).

133889~

In the specification it will be understood that the qualification that the salts be "pharmaceutically acceptable" means that the salts have the necessary physical characteristics, for example, stability, to render them suitable for formulation into pharmaceu-tical compositions. The qualification that the salts be "pharmacologically compatible" is to be understood, as extending to salts of non-toxic inorganic or organic cations or base components which have no adverse effects to the extent that such salts would be unsuitable for administration to living bodies.
Salts of compounds of formula (I) which are not pharmaceutically acceptable and pharmacologically compatible form a useful aspect of the invention of the novel derivatives, inasmuch as they can be readily converted, by conventional means, to different salts having the required physical and chemical characteris-tics to make them suitable for administration in pharmaceutical compositions to living bodies.

`- 1338895 As pharmacologically compatible, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, there are used, in particular, alkali metal or ammonium salts which are prepared in the usual way, for example by neutralisation of the compounds with inorganic or organic bases, for example sodium or potassium carbonate, aqueous sodium or potassium hydro-xide solutions, aqueous ammonia or amines, for example trimethylamine or triethylamine.

The new compounds of generàl formula (I) according to the present invention and the salts thereof can be administered enterally or parenterally in liquid or solid form. For this purpose, there can be used the conventional forms of administration, for example tablets, capsules, dragees, syrups, solutions, suspensions and the like. As injection medium, it is preferred to use water which contains the additives usual in the case of injection solutions, such as stabilising agents, solubilising agents and buffers.
Additives of this kind include, for example, tartrate and citrate buffers, ethanol, complex formers (such as ethylenediamine-tetraacetic acid and the non-toxic salts thereof) and high molecular weight polymers (such as liquid polyethylene oxide) for viscosity regulation. Liquid carrier materials for injection solutions must be sterile and are preferably placed into ampoules. Solid carrier materials include, for example, starch, lactose, mannitol, methyl cellulose, 13~8895 ~

talc, highly dispersed silicic acids, high molecular weight fatty acids (such as stearic acid), gelatine, agar-agar, calcium phosphate, magnesium stearate, ~;m~l and vegetable fats and solid high molecular weight polymers (such as polyethylene glycols). Com-positions suitable for oral administration can, if desired, contain flavouring and sweetening agents.
The dosage can depend upon various factors, such as mode of administration, species, age and/or individual state. The dosages to be administered daily are from about 1 to 1000 mg. for humans and preferably from 10 to 200 mg. and can be taken once per day or divided up into several dosages.

133889~

Demonstrating the activity of the compounds (I) of the invention, male Wistar rats weighing about 160 g. were thyroparathyroidectomized on day 1. On day 5, the success of the operation was controlled by measuring calcemia after a night fasting. From that day on, all the animals were group fed, that means all of them ate the same quantity of food. Further-more, the animals then received daily for 3 days two subcutaneous injections, one containing 25 /~g of a synthetic retinoid, the other a bisphosphate to be tested. Additionally, all animals were given 2 /~g of thyroxine the first and last day of treatment.
24 hours after the last injection of the retinoid and the bisphosphonate and after one night fasting, blood was taken by retroorbital puncture under ether anesthesia. Plasma calcium was then analyzed by means of atomic absorption. The Wistar rats were bred by Boehringer Mannhaim GmbH.
Table I below shows the various doses compared with l-hydroxyethane-l.l-diphosphonate acid.

- 14 - 1~38895 .,, Table I

mg P/kg Example No. O.OOl O.Ol O.l 1 10 2c + ' +++
(+) +++ +++ +++ +++
l-hydroxy-ethane- o O o O (+) l.l-diphosphonic acid (from DE-OS
18 13 659) O = Depression of Hypercalcaemie - 0,99 to + 0,99 mg %
(+) = " " " 1,0 to 1,99 mg %
+ = " " " 2!0 to 2,99 mg %
++ = " " " 3,0 to 3,99 mg %
+++ = ll " " > 4,0 %

.

1~88~5 Preferred in the sense of the present invention are, apart from the compounds described in the following Examples and the compounds derivable by combination of all of the meanings given in the claims, also the following diphosphonic acids, as well as the sodium salts and methyl and ethyl esters thereof:
l-hydroxy-2-(3-methyl-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl)-ethane-l,l-diphosphonic acid l-hydroxy-2-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl)-ethane-l,l-diphosphonic acid l-hydroxy-2-(3-cyclohexylmethyl-1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl)-ethane-l,l-phosphonic acid l-hydroxy-2-(3-methylisoxazol-5-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid - 16 ~

l-hydroxy-2-(3-phenylisoxazol-5-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid l-hydroxy-2-(3-methyl-1,2,5-oxadiazol-4-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid 1-hydroxy-~-(2-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid l-hydroxy-2-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid l-hydroxy-2-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid l-hydroxy-2-(1,2,5-thiadiazol-4-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid l-hydroxy-2-(4-oxazolin-2-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid 1-hydroxy-2-(5-methoxyoxazol-4-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid l-hydroxy-2-(5-ethoxyoxazol-4-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid l-hydroxy-2-(2-aminooxazol-4-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid l-hydroxy-2-(2,5-dimethyloxazol-4-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid l-hydroxy-2-(5-ethoxy-2-methyloxazol-4-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid 1-hydroxy-2-(2-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid l-hydroxy-2-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid ~ - 17 - 13388~5 l-hydroxy-2-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-ethane-1,1_ diphosphonic acid l-hydroxy-2-(4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-ethane-l,l-diphosphonic acid 1-hydroxy-2-(5-methylimidazol-4-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid 2-(2-methylthiazol-4-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid l-hydroxy-2-(2-methylthiazol-5-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid l-hydroxy-2-(1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid l-hydroxy-2-(1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid l-hydroxy-2-(2-aminoimida701-4-yl)-ethane-l,l-diphosphonic acid 2-(2-methylthiazol-5-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid l-hydroxy-2-(3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrobenzoxazol-2-yl)-ethane-l,l-diphosphonic acid l-hydroxy-2-(3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrobenzthiazol-2-yl)-ethane-l,l-diphosphonic acid 2-(imidazol-4-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid l-amino-2-(imidazol-4-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid l-dimethylamino-2-(imidazol-4-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid C~

1~3~895 l-hydroxy-2-(2-cyclohexylmethyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-ethane-l,l-diphosphonic acid l-hydroxy-2-(2-cyclohexyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-ethane-l,l-diphosphonic acid 1-hydroxy-2-(2-aminothiazol-5-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid l-hydroxy-2-(2-chlorothia,ol-5-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid l-hydroxy-2-(2-chlorooxazol-4-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid l-hydroxy-2-(imidazol-2-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid l-hydroxy-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid.
The following Examples show some of the process variants which can be used for synthesising the compounds according to the present invention. As a rule, the compounds are obtained in the form of high melting point (m.p. ~ 300C.) solid products (mono- or disodium salts), the structures of which have been verified by H-, P- and possibly by 13C_ ~lMR spectroscopy. The purity of the compounds was determined by means of C, H, N, P, S and Na analyses, as well as by thin layer electrophoresis (cellulose, oxalate buffer of pH 4.0). For the characterisation of the individual compounds, there are ' given the Mrel values (relative mobilities) referred to pyrophosphate (Mrel = 1).

`-- 1338895 Example 1.
l-Hydroxy-2-(imidazol-4-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid.
3 g. Phosphorous acid are added to 3.5 g. imidazol-4-ylacetic acid hydrochloride (m.p. 198 - 200C.) in 40 ml. chlorobenzene. The reaction mixture is stirred for 10 minutes at 110C., cooled and 9 g. phosphorus trichloride slowly added dropwise thereto. The reaction mixture is heated for 16 hours to 110C., cooled, the chlorobenzene is decanted off from an orange-coloured syrup and the residue is mixed with 50 ml. 6N hydro-chloric acid. The suspension is heated under reflux for 5 hours, cooled, mixed with charcoal and filtered off with suction. The filtrate is evaporated, dried and boiled up with acetone for 2 hours. The residue (4.3 g.) is dissolved in water, the solution is adjusted with 2N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to a pH of 5, mixed with methanol and the precipitate obtained is filtered off with suction. There are obtained 1.2 g.
(about 16.90~ of theory) of the desired product, m.p.
> 290 C. The compound is obtained as the monosodium salt containing 2 moles of water of crystallisation (Mrel = 0.37).
Example 2.
In a manner analogous to that described in Example 1, there are obtained, by the reaction of phosphorous acid and phosphorus trichloride with a) 2-methylthiazol-4-ylacetic acid (m.p. 119 - 121C., pre-pared by saponification or hydrolysis of the correspondin~ ethyl ester (b.p. 127C./13 mm.Hg, which is prepared accord-ing to J. Chem. Soc., 1946, 91 from ethyl ~-bromoaceto-acetate by reaction with thioacetamide), 1-hydroxy-2-(2-methylthiazol-4-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid which is isolated as the disodium salt containing 1 mole of water of crystallisation in a yield of 57% of theory m-p- ~ 300 C.; Mrel = 0.55.
b) 3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrobenzimidazol-2-ylacetic acid - (m.p. 168 - 170C., prepared by saponification of the ethyl ester (m.p. 141 - 143C. which is prepared by reacting 1,2-diaminocyclohexane with the imino ether of ethyl cyanoacetate), l-hydroxy-2-(3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexa-hydrobenzimidazol-2-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid which is isolated as the sodium salt contain~ng 2 mole of water of crystallisation in a y~eld of 12% of theory, m.p. ? 300 C., Mrel = 0.45.
c) 4-imidazolin-2-ylacetic acid (m.p. 108 - 110C., prepared by saponification or hydrolysis of the ethyl ester (m.p.
102 - 105C.), which is prepared by reacting ethylene-diamine with the imino ether of ethyl cyanoacetate), l-hydroxy-2-(4-imidazolin-2-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid which is isolated as the free acid with 1 mole of water of crystallisation in a yield of 14% of theory, m.p. about 250C. (decomp.), Mrel = 0.45.

13~8895 d) 2-amino-4-thiazolin-4-ylacetic acid (m.p. 218 - 221C.;
prepared by saponification or hydrolysis of the ethyl ester (oily substance) which is prepared by reacting thiourea with ethyl y-bromoacetoacetate), 2-(2-amino-4-thiazolin-4-yl)-ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonic acid which is isolated as the free acid with 2 moles of water of crystallisation in a yield of 59% of theory, m.p.
190 - 195C. (decomp.), Mrel = 0.40.
Example 3.
Tetraethyl-2-(1,2,5-thiadiazol-4-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonate.
A solution of 1.62 g. tetraethyl methane-diphosphonate in 10 ml. anhydrous toluene is added dropwise to 0.2 g. sodium hydride (69%) in 10 ml.
anhydrous toluene. After termination of the evolution of hydrogen, 1 g. 4-bromomethyl-1,2,5-thiadiazole in 10 ml. anhydrous toluene is added thereto and the reaction mixture stirred for 12 hours at ambient temperature. A little water is then added and the organic phase is separated off, dried and evaporated.
The residue is purified over a column of silica gel (100 g., elution agent methylene chloride/methanol 98:2 v/v). There is thus obtained 1.18 g. of the desired product in the form of a colourless oil, yield 55% of theory.
Example 4.
2-(1,2,5-Thiadiazol-4-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid.

_ 1338835 1.18 g. of the tetraethyl 2-(1,2,5-thiadiazol-4-yl)-ethane-l,l-diphosphonate described in Example 3 is mixed with 3.3 ml. trimethylbromosilane under an atmosphere of nitrogen. The reaction mixture is left to stand for 24 hours at ambient temperature and the solution is then evaporated, the residue is mixed with water, the solution is adjusted to a pH of 5 with sodium hydroxide and mixed with methanol. The precipitate obtained is filtered off with suction. There is thus lo obtained 0.56 g. (53% of theory)of the desired diphosphonic acid in the form of the disodium salt with 1 mole of water of crystallisation, m.p. > 300C., Mrel = 0.9.

13~8895 The Patent Specifications referred to herein are more fully identified as follows:
Federal Republic of Germany Offenlegungsschrift 3,203,307 and 3,202,038 both of Helmut Biere et al, assigned to Schering AG, filed January 27, 1982, published (laid open to inspection July 28, 1983);
Federal Republic of Germany Patent 1,813,659, David M. Francis, assigned The Procter & Gamble Co., published April 18, 1974, (Canadian counterpart 946,290);
Federal Republic of Germany Offenlegungsschrift 3,428,524, Elmar Boises et al, assigned to Boehringer Mannheim GmbH, filed August 2, 1984, published (laid open to inspection) February 13, 1986;
European Patent Specification 186,405, James Benedict et al, assigned The Procter & Gamble Co., filed December 16, 1985, published (laid open) July 2, 1986.

Claims (25)

1. An alkyldiphosphonic acid derivative of the formula (I):

(I) wherein:
Het is a heteroaromatic five-membered ring con-taining 2 to 3 heteroatoms which is unhydrogenated or hydrogenated and unsubstituted or substituted one or more times by C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, phenyl, cyclo-hexyl, cyclohexylmethyl, halo or amino, wherein two adjacent alkyl substituents can together also form a ring;
X is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or an amino group unsubstituted or substituted by lower alkyl; and R is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl radical, with the proviso that Het is not a pyrazole ring;
and the pharmacologically compatible, pharmaceuti-cally acceptable salts thereof.
2. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Het is a five-membered ring containing 2 or 3 heteroatoms, at least one of which is a nitrogen atom.
3. A compound according to claim 1, wherein Het is a ring selected from the group consisting of imidazole, imidazoline, isoxazole, oxazole, oxazoline, thiazole, thiazoline, triazole, oxadiazole and thiadiazole radicals.
4. 1-Hydroxy-2-(imidazol-4-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphos-phonic acid and pharmaceutically acceptable, pharma-cologically compatible salts thereof.
5. 1-Hydroxy-2-(4-imidazolin-2-yl)-ethane-1,1-diphos-phonic acid and pharmaceutically acceptable, pharma-cologically compatible salts thereof.
6. A pharmaceutical composition comprising at least one compound of formula (I), as defined in claim 1, 2 or 3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable, pharmacologi-cally compatible salt thereof, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier therefor.
7. A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of diseases of the skeletal system, therapy of bone metastases and urolithiasis, prevention of heterotopic ossification, treatment of rheumatoic arthritis, osteoarthritis or degenerative arthrosis comprising an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) as defined in claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, or a pharmaceutically acceptable, pharmacologically compatible salt thereof, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
8. The use of a compound of formula (I) according to claim 1, 2 or 3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable, pharmacologically compatible salt thereof for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of calcium metabolism disturbances.
9. The use of the acid of claim 4 or 5, or a pharma-ceutically acceptable, pharmacologically compatible salt thereof, for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of calcium metabolism disturbances.
10. The use of a compound according to claim 1, 2 or 3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable, pharmacologically compatible salt thereof for the treatment of calcium metabolism disturbances.
11. The use of the acid of claim 4 or 5, or a pharma-ceutically acceptable, pharmacologically compatible salt thereof, for the treatment of calcium metabolism disturbances.
12. A compound of claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, or a pharma-ceutically acceptable, pharmacologically compatible salt thereof for use in the treatment of diseases of the skeletal system, rheumatic arthritis, osteoarthri-tis or degenerative arthrosis, or therapy of bone metastases and urolithiasis, or a prevention of hetero-topic ossification.
13. A process for the preparation of alkyldiphosphonic acid derivatives of the general formula:

(I) wherein Het is a heteroaromatic five-membered ring con-taining 2 or 3 heteroatoms which can be partly hydro-genated and can be optionally substituted one or more times by C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, phenyl, cyclohexyl, cyclohexylmethyl, halogen or amino, whereby two adjacent alkyl substituents can together also form a ring, X is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or an amino group optionally substituted by lower alkyl and R
is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl radical, with the proviso that Het is not a pyrazole ring; as well as of the pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof; wherein a) a carboxylic acid of the general formula:

Het - CH2 - COOH (II) in which Het is as defined above, is reacted with a mixture of phosphorous acid or phosphoric acid and a phosphorus halide and subsequently saponified to the free diphosphonic acid; or b) a carboxylic acid chloride of the general formula:
Het - CH2 - COCl (III) in which Het is as defined above, is reacted with trialkyl phosphite of the general formula:

P(OR')3 (IV) in which R' is a lower alkyl radical, to give an acyl phosphonate of the general formula:

(V) in which Het and R' have the above-given meanings, sub-sequently reacted with a dialkyl phosphite of the general formula:

(VI) in which R' has the above-given meaning, to give a diphosphonate of the general formula:

(VII) in which Het and R' have the above-given meanings, and the resultant tetraester is optionally saponified to give the corresponding diester or free acid of general formula (I);
or, when X in general formula (I) is an amino group optionally substituted by alkyl radicals, c) a carboxylic acid derivative of the general formula:
Het - CH2 - Z (VIII) in which Het is as defined above and Z is a nitrile, imino ether or N,N-dialkylcarboxamido group, is reacted with a phosphorus compound of the general formula:

PT3 (IX) in which T is a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group or OR', in which R' has the above-given meaning, and optionally subsequently saponified;
or when X in general formula (I) is a hydrogen atom, d) a compound of the general formula:

Het - CH2 - A (X) in which Het is as defined above and A is a reactive group, is reacted with a compound of the general formula:

(XI) in which R' has the above-given meaning, to give a diphosphonate of the general formula:

(XII) in which Het and R' have the above-given meanings, and the resultant tetraester is optionally saponified to give the corresponding diester or acid of general formula (I).
14. A heteroarylalkane diphosphonic acid of formula I

I

wherein R' is a 5-membered heteroaryl radical selected from imidazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, triazolyl, thiadiazolyl and oxadiazolyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted one or more times by lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, phenyl or halogen; R2 is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group or an amino group or a salt thereof.
15. 2-[4(5)-Methylimidazol-5(4)-yl]-1-hydroxy-ethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid or a salt thereof.
16. 2-(Imidazol-2-yl)-1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid or a salt thereof.
17. 2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)-1-hydroxyethane-1,1-diphosphonic acid or a salt thereof.
18. 18. 2-(Imidazol-4-yl)ethane-1,1-diphos-phonic acid or a salt thereof.
19. A pharmaceutically acceptable, pharmaco-logically compatible salt of an acid of claim 14, 15, 16, 17 or 18.
20. A process for the preparation of a compound of formula I, as defined in claim 14, or a salt thereof, comprising:

a) to prepare a compound wherein R2 is hydroxy, reacting a carboxylic acid of formula II:

with a mixture of phosphorous acid and phosphorus trichloride, then converting the product to the free acid or a salt thereof; or b) to prepare a compound wherein R2 is hydrogen, reacting a compound of formula III:

wherein X1 is a reactive residue, with a methane diphosphonate of formula IV:

wherein R3 is a lower alkyl group, then converting the product to the free acid or a salt thereof; or c) to prepare a compound wherein R2 is amino, reacting a compound of formula V:

wherein X2 is a nitrile or iminoether group, with phosphorous acid and phosphorus trichloride, then converting the product to the free acid or a salt thereof.
21. A pharmaceutical composition comprising an acid of claim 14, 15, 16, 17 or 18, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
22. Use of an acid of claim 14, 15, 16, 17 or 18, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment of calcium metabolism disturbances or for treatment of arthritis.
23. An acid of claim 14, 15, 16, 17 or 18, or a pharmaceutically acceptable, pharmacologically compatible salt thereof for use in the treatment of diseases of the skeletal system, rheumatic arthritis, osteoarthritis or degenerative arthrosis, or therapy of bone metastases and urolithiasis, or a prevention of heterotopic ossification.
24. Use of an acid of claims 14, 15, 16, 17 or 18, or a pharmaceutically acceptable, pharmaco-logically compatible salt thereof in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of calcium metabolism disturbances.
25. Use of an acid of claim 14, 15, 16, 17 or 18, or a pharmaceutically acceptable, pharmaco-logically compatible salt thereof as an agent for treatment of calcium metabolism disturbances.
CA000543290A 1986-08-01 1987-07-29 Diphosphonic acid derivatives, processes for the preparation thereof and pharmaceutical composition containing them Expired - Lifetime CA1338895C (en)

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