CA1324289C - Packaging casing based of cellulose having improved processing characteristics - Google Patents
Packaging casing based of cellulose having improved processing characteristicsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1324289C CA1324289C CA000564830A CA564830A CA1324289C CA 1324289 C CA1324289 C CA 1324289C CA 000564830 A CA000564830 A CA 000564830A CA 564830 A CA564830 A CA 564830A CA 1324289 C CA1324289 C CA 1324289C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- casing
- cellulose
- weight
- particles
- cationic resin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A22—BUTCHERING; MEAT TREATMENT; PROCESSING POULTRY OR FISH
- A22C—PROCESSING MEAT, POULTRY, OR FISH
- A22C13/00—Sausage casings
- A22C13/0013—Chemical composition of synthetic sausage casings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A22—BUTCHERING; MEAT TREATMENT; PROCESSING POULTRY OR FISH
- A22C—PROCESSING MEAT, POULTRY, OR FISH
- A22C13/00—Sausage casings
- A22C2013/0096—Sausage casings cellulosic
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Processing Of Meat And Fish (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- Wrappers (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract of the Disclosure The tubular packaging casing, in particular a synthetic sausage casing, comprised of fiber-reinforced cellulose, in which the fiber-reinforcement is coated at least on the outside with a cellulose layer, and a surface layer on the cellulose layer. The surface layer comprises a water-insoluble cationic resin containing particles of fibers of synthetic resin or cellulose, in particular particles of a vinyl chloride homopolymer or copolymer.
Description
~ j `
.. `. 132~2g~
$
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r~
~'"
PACKAGING CASING BASED ON CELLULOSE HAVING
IMPROVED PROCESSING CHARACTERISTICS
;, .
~ Backaround of the Invention '.`~i The present invention relates to a packaging casing, built up from a base tube of fiber-reinforced cellulose, the fiber reinforcement being coated at least on one surface with a layer of regenerated cellulose. The inyention also relates to a process ~;for production of the packaging casing, in which a ~!10 fibrous base tube is provided with a cellulose layer at least on its outside, by means of the viscose process.
Tubular synthetic sausage casings of this general type have long been known. It has also ~5~i15 previously been disclosed that the adhesion of dyes, fungicidal salts and synthetic resin layers to the outer cellulose layer of fiber-reinforced tubular casings can be improved by an external coating layer ~,or adhesion-promoting interlayer of cationic resins (U.S. Patents No. 3,695,904; No. 4,666,750 and No.
4,283,426).
.' ,, ,` ~ , . , : ~ .
:'':' ~ , ' :'.' ', ' ~ . ~' " ' '' . . ' . ' ' .' " ' '. ' ' . . ~ ~: ' ' ' ' ' ' :, . " ' ' ' ' ~.' - ' :, " ' .. .. ' ' ` . 132'~2~
It is also known that sausage emulsions are filled into these cellulose casings when they are n the moistened state. The water thus serves as a plasticizer for the cellulose and gives the casing the necessary pliability and extensibility. When i~ these soft, flexible casings, in the form of sections ; tied off at one end, are pushed onto the stuffing horn of the filling machine, however, there are problems in gripping and retaining the casings -~ 10 manually.
~ ~, Summary of the Invention It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide improved packaging casings with - respect to their processing characteristics.
It is a particular object to provide a sausage casing that, on the one hand, can easily be pushed ~; onto a stuffing horn in the wet state, but on the other hand, retains unimpaired its optical appearance, particularly its surface gloss.
It is also an object of the invention to provide an improved process for producing the sj packaging casings according to the invention.
In accomplishing the foregoing objects, there has been provided in accordance with one aspect of the present invention a tubular packaging casing, `^~ comprising a base tube of fiber-reinforced cellulose, the fiber reinforcement being completely coated with a cellulose layer at least on the outside: and an outer surface layer on the outer cellulose layer of the base tube, the outer surface layer comprising a ....
,:i '~ -2 -~! .
.. .
~- .
... .
, , ':~ . . , :
';i:` : , `: ~
`- -132~2~
.
.....
` `i`
.- ..;
~` water-insoluble cationic resin and particles or ,; fibers of cellulose or a synthetic resin.
"''~J In accordance with another aspect of the `; invention, there has been provided a process for the production of the packaging casing as defined above, comprising the steps of impregnating a tubular .`,,5 fibrous substance and coating same at least on its `~ outside with viscose; precipitating the viscose to produce a resulting tube of fiber-reinforced cellulose hydrate gel; coating the tube of cellulose hydrate gel on its outside with an aqueous dispersion of the still water-soluble cationic resin; and drying the tube at an elevated temperature sufficient to crosslink the cationic resin and convert it to its water-insoluble form. In the process, the aqueous dispersion contains from about 0.5% to 10% by weight of particles or fibers of cellulose or a synthetic resin.
Other objects, features and advantages of the . ., .20 present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. It should be understood, however, that ;~the detailed description and the specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the ~,~25 invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the ~,spirit and scope of the invention will become ;~sapparent to those skilled in the art from this jdetailed description.
.,;;
30Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments i:~
~ -3-i :~; , : . . . ~ , ` 132~2~9 . `~
. ., ~ip -` The achievement of this improvement is attained by the combination of a heat-cured resin with synthetic resin or cellulose fibers, in particular with synthetic resin or cellulose 5 particles as the two principal components of the surface layer. The outer surface of the packaging .~ casing shows a distinct roughness. As a result, the .
- casing possesses improved processing characteristics, and in particular can readily be fitted onto the s lO stuffing horn of filling machines in the moist state.
Virtually no change is detectable in the surface gloss or the transparency of the casing. The tubes :~ can also be wound up in the flattened state without ~,i damage to the relatively soft and scratch-sensitive cellulose surface. The particles or fibers are permanently bonded with the surface of the casing.
The resin layer encloses the particles or fibers completely, or at least to the extent that they adhere firmly.
The particles or fibers embedded in the outer resin layer consist of cellulose or synthetic resin, the selection of the synthetic resin being governed by the following criteria. During the final drying process, when the resin of the outer layer makes the transition into its water-insoluble form, the material used for the particles or fibers must not run to form a film or dissolve in the resin, but must retain its particulate structure as far as possible.
In addition, the synthetic resin and cellulose particles should if possible possess a specific weight which approximately corresponds to the density of the coating dispersion containing the cationic :
~ resin, so that they remain suspended in this .~ , ~ ~4-~ ' .
.,.:.. . .
~f~
~i :` ~ 3 ~
~, 20731-996 dlspers~on and possess no tendency to float or sedlment.
Partlcularly suitable synthetlc resln particles are ~ those based on homopolymers or copolymers contalnlng vlnyl .; chlorlde unlts, and ln particular those of polyvlnyl chlorlde , .
havlng a partlcle slze greater than about 0.1 ~m. These rela-~`~ tlvely coarse partlcles are formed as a byproduct in the centrl--;~ fuglng of PVC dlsperslons whlch have to be freed of partlcles of a ~ slze greater than 0.1 ym for paper coatlng. Thls provldes a "~ .
partlcularly economlcal startlng substance for the productlon of the casing accordlng to the lnventlon.
In the case of partlcles havlng a slze of less than about 0.2 ym, the effect almed at ls relatlvely slight, whereas ln ~ the case of partlcles greater than about 5 ym the danger exlsts .~ that they wlll not be sufflclently retained by the resln layer.
In general, partlcles havlng a diameter ln the range from about ` 0.2 to 2 ym are partlcularly advantageous. When flbers are used, ;~; preference ls given to flbers havlng a relatlvely short length, that ls to say less than about 10 ~m, ln partlcular less than .~
~ about 5 ym. Fibers havlng an average length of from about 0.1 to .,il .l 20 1 ym are generally used.
,~i ~ The catlonlc resln ls, for example, a product of a con-,.. .
~;' densatlon reactlon of proteln of anlmal or vegetable orlgln, such as gelatln, soybean proteln, groundnut proteln or wheat proteln, ln partlcular caseln, or a phenol, wlth an aldehyde, such as malonaldehyde or glutaraldehyde, ln partlcular formaldehyde or ~`;, glyoxal, the proportlon of aldehyde belng from about 5 to 15, ln partlcular from about 6% to 10% by i ~ 5 ,., : . . .
~i - . . -,. .
"
~ 3 2 ~
~ 20731-996 ~ ,. , weight, or a product o~ a condensation reaction of urea with formaldehyde (United States Patent No. 2,616,874) or of melamine .~ and formaldehyde (United States Patent No. 2,796,362 and No.
~x 2,345,543). Preferred products are those obtained by a condensa-~ tion reaction of a bifunctional halohydrin such as epichloro-`A~` hydrin with a polyamine, polyamide or polyaminepolyamide (United ~. States Patents No. 2,573,956, No. 2,926,154 or No. 3,378,379).
~, Suitable polyamines for the reaction with epichlorohydrin are simple alkylenediamines or polyalkylenepolyamines, such as for ~: 10 example, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylene-pentamine and the corresponding polypropylene- and polybutylene-polyamines.
The polyamide-polyamines are preferably products of a condensation reaction of a saturated, aliphatic, dibasic acid having 3 to 8 carbon atoms in the molecule with one of the above-mentioned polyamines which possesses at least one secondary and two primary amino groups.
In other preferred embodiments: the weight ratio of cationic resin to particles or fibers is in the range from about 1:5 to 5:1, preferably 1:3 to 2:1; said casing possesses, at a water content of from about 5% to 15% by weight and a glycerol content of from about 18% to 22% by weight based on the total weight of the casing in each case, a weight per unit area of from about 70 to 130 g/m2, preferably 80 to 120 g/m2; and in the process, the aqueous dispersion contains from about 2~ to 4% by weight of P~C particles and from about 1~ to 5~ by weight of a , 1'. . . :
132~2~
i . ~, ~ crosslinkable cationic resin comprising a crosslinkable epichloro-:~. hydrin/polyamine-polyamide resin.
The coating on the outside of the tube comprises a total of from about 40 to 200 mg, preferably from about 60 to ~ 150 mg, of water-insoluble cationic resin, based on a square ~ meter of base surface. These values were determined as follows:
200 mg of surface material are scraped off from s 500 cm2 of the outer surface, and the nitrogen content of the . scraped-off material is determin~d, for example, by combustion , ,~.
'-~ 10 analysis. For compariSQn, the outside of the tube composed of the same base material, though without coating, is tested for its .,~
~;
~,, .
.~
,..
~ 6 A
~32~2~
j.,.:
, .,.~, ~r;: nitrogen content. For this purpose, 200 mg of~i surface material are scraped off in an analogous i~; manner from 500 cm2 of inner surface in each case, s and the nitrogen content is determined in the same ~, way. Obtaining the difference between the nitrogen values for the coated and the uncoated tube gives the .. nitrogen value for the outer coating, and from this the content of cationic resin on the outside of the tube can be obtained.
The outer coating -- due to the use of aqueous resin dispersion in the production process --contains small amounts of chemical emulsifier, so that the intended properties of the coating or of the tube casing with coating on the outside are not influenced.
The sausage casing is used primarily in the production of sausages of the raw sausage type, such ~ as salami or hard sausage. In this case, it -~~ possesses an inner coating, which is conventional for this sausage, to improve the adhesion between sausage meat and cellulose casing or to improve the peel-ability of the casing from the sausage meat.
The sausage casing has a conventional water content of, for example, from about 5% to 15% by weight or possesses a very high water content of about 25% by weight or more, so that it need not be moistened before filling.
,~ The production of fiber-reinforced tubulàr casings based on cellulose hydrate is known. They are conventionally produced by coagulation of the alkaline viscose solution, applied to the outside of a tubular fiber reinforcement, with acidic precipitation liquid and regeneration of the A
~; ~' ~ - ,. ;, ,.:, - . , .
*, ~
~ 3 ~ 8 ~
:
` `-;
,., cellulose, and contain plasticizers, such as j glycerol.
;~ The fiber reinforcement usually has a weight ~ per unit area of about 17 to 28 g/m2 and is i; 5 preferably a paper inlay or a fiber nonwoven of hemp fibers. It is preferably impregnated and coated with viscose only on the outside. If an additional viscose coating takes place on the inside of the ~- fiber tube, the proportion of the viscose on the ~ lO inside relative to the total viscose applied is a ;~ maximum of about 30% by weight. The regenerated cellulose is distributed in a corresponding manner in `~ the cross-section of the casing, that is to say that ~-;; about 70% to 100% of the cellulose is on the outside.
Processes for the external coating of cellulose hydrate tubes have likewise been described, for example, in European Patent No. 37,025 and in the " references cited therein.
The invention is explained in detail by means of the examples which follow. The starting material ~, in each case is a fiber-reinforced tube having an outer layer of cellulose hydrate gel, which has been ~ produced by treating the outside of the fiber tube ..~
~j with viscose, conventional coagulation and regeneration of the outer viscose layer with acidic precipitation and regeneration li~uid, and washing with water. The tube of fiber-reinforced cellulose hydrate gel obtained is coated on its outside with the dispersion according to the invention and is dried in the inflated state in a drying tunnel at 120C to 150C, the cationic resin being cured and, in its water-insoluble form, fixed together with the r~
`
-.
' '' : ' ~ . . .:
., ' .. ..
'.. , . :' : ''' ' ' ' ~L 3 2 ~
~,r particles to the cellulose surface. The tube is then '~ adjusted to the desired moisture content.
The finished tube is further processed as a -~ section tied off at one end. The tie comprises a string or cord, with or without an additional metal : ., clip.
. . ~
~ Example 1 ~; .
; The aqueous coating dispersion has the~ following composition:
-~ 10 - 2% by weight of a heat-curable, still water-soluble polymer of ethylene diamine, diethylene triamine, adipic acid and epichlorohydrin (RESAMIN HW 601 from ~` Cassella) as cationic resin, ;~ 15 - 6% by weight of a 50% strength by weight ;v~ PVC dispersion, equivalent to 3% by i weight PVC solids content, having a ,~ particle size of 0.1 to 1.6 ~m (HOSTALIT
E 1069/072~from Hoechst), - 10% by weight of glycerol.
The finished tube possesses on its outer `~ surface a layer of 80 mg of cationic resin and 120 mg of PVC particles per square meter of surface.
Sections tied off at one end are produced from the externally coated tube (caliber 65 mm). After moistening, they can readily be pulled onto the stuffing horn of a sausage filling machine, and are much improved in their processing characteristics.
The hard sausage produced exhibits the desired high _ g _ ~ Q~
.~.
:,:, - ~ -... ~
,~
~ ' ` ' 1 ;, ' r' ~
. ~ .
32~2~9 ~, ' ~; surface gloss and good transparency despite the :.~
surface layer.
-, Example 2 The aqueous coating dispersion has the following composition:
.. `. 132~2g~
$
. `i ,:
r~
~'"
PACKAGING CASING BASED ON CELLULOSE HAVING
IMPROVED PROCESSING CHARACTERISTICS
;, .
~ Backaround of the Invention '.`~i The present invention relates to a packaging casing, built up from a base tube of fiber-reinforced cellulose, the fiber reinforcement being coated at least on one surface with a layer of regenerated cellulose. The inyention also relates to a process ~;for production of the packaging casing, in which a ~!10 fibrous base tube is provided with a cellulose layer at least on its outside, by means of the viscose process.
Tubular synthetic sausage casings of this general type have long been known. It has also ~5~i15 previously been disclosed that the adhesion of dyes, fungicidal salts and synthetic resin layers to the outer cellulose layer of fiber-reinforced tubular casings can be improved by an external coating layer ~,or adhesion-promoting interlayer of cationic resins (U.S. Patents No. 3,695,904; No. 4,666,750 and No.
4,283,426).
.' ,, ,` ~ , . , : ~ .
:'':' ~ , ' :'.' ', ' ~ . ~' " ' '' . . ' . ' ' .' " ' '. ' ' . . ~ ~: ' ' ' ' ' ' :, . " ' ' ' ' ~.' - ' :, " ' .. .. ' ' ` . 132'~2~
It is also known that sausage emulsions are filled into these cellulose casings when they are n the moistened state. The water thus serves as a plasticizer for the cellulose and gives the casing the necessary pliability and extensibility. When i~ these soft, flexible casings, in the form of sections ; tied off at one end, are pushed onto the stuffing horn of the filling machine, however, there are problems in gripping and retaining the casings -~ 10 manually.
~ ~, Summary of the Invention It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide improved packaging casings with - respect to their processing characteristics.
It is a particular object to provide a sausage casing that, on the one hand, can easily be pushed ~; onto a stuffing horn in the wet state, but on the other hand, retains unimpaired its optical appearance, particularly its surface gloss.
It is also an object of the invention to provide an improved process for producing the sj packaging casings according to the invention.
In accomplishing the foregoing objects, there has been provided in accordance with one aspect of the present invention a tubular packaging casing, `^~ comprising a base tube of fiber-reinforced cellulose, the fiber reinforcement being completely coated with a cellulose layer at least on the outside: and an outer surface layer on the outer cellulose layer of the base tube, the outer surface layer comprising a ....
,:i '~ -2 -~! .
.. .
~- .
... .
, , ':~ . . , :
';i:` : , `: ~
`- -132~2~
.
.....
` `i`
.- ..;
~` water-insoluble cationic resin and particles or ,; fibers of cellulose or a synthetic resin.
"''~J In accordance with another aspect of the `; invention, there has been provided a process for the production of the packaging casing as defined above, comprising the steps of impregnating a tubular .`,,5 fibrous substance and coating same at least on its `~ outside with viscose; precipitating the viscose to produce a resulting tube of fiber-reinforced cellulose hydrate gel; coating the tube of cellulose hydrate gel on its outside with an aqueous dispersion of the still water-soluble cationic resin; and drying the tube at an elevated temperature sufficient to crosslink the cationic resin and convert it to its water-insoluble form. In the process, the aqueous dispersion contains from about 0.5% to 10% by weight of particles or fibers of cellulose or a synthetic resin.
Other objects, features and advantages of the . ., .20 present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of preferred embodiments. It should be understood, however, that ;~the detailed description and the specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the ~,~25 invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the ~,spirit and scope of the invention will become ;~sapparent to those skilled in the art from this jdetailed description.
.,;;
30Detailed Description of Preferred Embodiments i:~
~ -3-i :~; , : . . . ~ , ` 132~2~9 . `~
. ., ~ip -` The achievement of this improvement is attained by the combination of a heat-cured resin with synthetic resin or cellulose fibers, in particular with synthetic resin or cellulose 5 particles as the two principal components of the surface layer. The outer surface of the packaging .~ casing shows a distinct roughness. As a result, the .
- casing possesses improved processing characteristics, and in particular can readily be fitted onto the s lO stuffing horn of filling machines in the moist state.
Virtually no change is detectable in the surface gloss or the transparency of the casing. The tubes :~ can also be wound up in the flattened state without ~,i damage to the relatively soft and scratch-sensitive cellulose surface. The particles or fibers are permanently bonded with the surface of the casing.
The resin layer encloses the particles or fibers completely, or at least to the extent that they adhere firmly.
The particles or fibers embedded in the outer resin layer consist of cellulose or synthetic resin, the selection of the synthetic resin being governed by the following criteria. During the final drying process, when the resin of the outer layer makes the transition into its water-insoluble form, the material used for the particles or fibers must not run to form a film or dissolve in the resin, but must retain its particulate structure as far as possible.
In addition, the synthetic resin and cellulose particles should if possible possess a specific weight which approximately corresponds to the density of the coating dispersion containing the cationic :
~ resin, so that they remain suspended in this .~ , ~ ~4-~ ' .
.,.:.. . .
~f~
~i :` ~ 3 ~
~, 20731-996 dlspers~on and possess no tendency to float or sedlment.
Partlcularly suitable synthetlc resln particles are ~ those based on homopolymers or copolymers contalnlng vlnyl .; chlorlde unlts, and ln particular those of polyvlnyl chlorlde , .
havlng a partlcle slze greater than about 0.1 ~m. These rela-~`~ tlvely coarse partlcles are formed as a byproduct in the centrl--;~ fuglng of PVC dlsperslons whlch have to be freed of partlcles of a ~ slze greater than 0.1 ym for paper coatlng. Thls provldes a "~ .
partlcularly economlcal startlng substance for the productlon of the casing accordlng to the lnventlon.
In the case of partlcles havlng a slze of less than about 0.2 ym, the effect almed at ls relatlvely slight, whereas ln ~ the case of partlcles greater than about 5 ym the danger exlsts .~ that they wlll not be sufflclently retained by the resln layer.
In general, partlcles havlng a diameter ln the range from about ` 0.2 to 2 ym are partlcularly advantageous. When flbers are used, ;~; preference ls given to flbers havlng a relatlvely short length, that ls to say less than about 10 ~m, ln partlcular less than .~
~ about 5 ym. Fibers havlng an average length of from about 0.1 to .,il .l 20 1 ym are generally used.
,~i ~ The catlonlc resln ls, for example, a product of a con-,.. .
~;' densatlon reactlon of proteln of anlmal or vegetable orlgln, such as gelatln, soybean proteln, groundnut proteln or wheat proteln, ln partlcular caseln, or a phenol, wlth an aldehyde, such as malonaldehyde or glutaraldehyde, ln partlcular formaldehyde or ~`;, glyoxal, the proportlon of aldehyde belng from about 5 to 15, ln partlcular from about 6% to 10% by i ~ 5 ,., : . . .
~i - . . -,. .
"
~ 3 2 ~
~ 20731-996 ~ ,. , weight, or a product o~ a condensation reaction of urea with formaldehyde (United States Patent No. 2,616,874) or of melamine .~ and formaldehyde (United States Patent No. 2,796,362 and No.
~x 2,345,543). Preferred products are those obtained by a condensa-~ tion reaction of a bifunctional halohydrin such as epichloro-`A~` hydrin with a polyamine, polyamide or polyaminepolyamide (United ~. States Patents No. 2,573,956, No. 2,926,154 or No. 3,378,379).
~, Suitable polyamines for the reaction with epichlorohydrin are simple alkylenediamines or polyalkylenepolyamines, such as for ~: 10 example, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, tetraethylene-pentamine and the corresponding polypropylene- and polybutylene-polyamines.
The polyamide-polyamines are preferably products of a condensation reaction of a saturated, aliphatic, dibasic acid having 3 to 8 carbon atoms in the molecule with one of the above-mentioned polyamines which possesses at least one secondary and two primary amino groups.
In other preferred embodiments: the weight ratio of cationic resin to particles or fibers is in the range from about 1:5 to 5:1, preferably 1:3 to 2:1; said casing possesses, at a water content of from about 5% to 15% by weight and a glycerol content of from about 18% to 22% by weight based on the total weight of the casing in each case, a weight per unit area of from about 70 to 130 g/m2, preferably 80 to 120 g/m2; and in the process, the aqueous dispersion contains from about 2~ to 4% by weight of P~C particles and from about 1~ to 5~ by weight of a , 1'. . . :
132~2~
i . ~, ~ crosslinkable cationic resin comprising a crosslinkable epichloro-:~. hydrin/polyamine-polyamide resin.
The coating on the outside of the tube comprises a total of from about 40 to 200 mg, preferably from about 60 to ~ 150 mg, of water-insoluble cationic resin, based on a square ~ meter of base surface. These values were determined as follows:
200 mg of surface material are scraped off from s 500 cm2 of the outer surface, and the nitrogen content of the . scraped-off material is determin~d, for example, by combustion , ,~.
'-~ 10 analysis. For compariSQn, the outside of the tube composed of the same base material, though without coating, is tested for its .,~
~;
~,, .
.~
,..
~ 6 A
~32~2~
j.,.:
, .,.~, ~r;: nitrogen content. For this purpose, 200 mg of~i surface material are scraped off in an analogous i~; manner from 500 cm2 of inner surface in each case, s and the nitrogen content is determined in the same ~, way. Obtaining the difference between the nitrogen values for the coated and the uncoated tube gives the .. nitrogen value for the outer coating, and from this the content of cationic resin on the outside of the tube can be obtained.
The outer coating -- due to the use of aqueous resin dispersion in the production process --contains small amounts of chemical emulsifier, so that the intended properties of the coating or of the tube casing with coating on the outside are not influenced.
The sausage casing is used primarily in the production of sausages of the raw sausage type, such ~ as salami or hard sausage. In this case, it -~~ possesses an inner coating, which is conventional for this sausage, to improve the adhesion between sausage meat and cellulose casing or to improve the peel-ability of the casing from the sausage meat.
The sausage casing has a conventional water content of, for example, from about 5% to 15% by weight or possesses a very high water content of about 25% by weight or more, so that it need not be moistened before filling.
,~ The production of fiber-reinforced tubulàr casings based on cellulose hydrate is known. They are conventionally produced by coagulation of the alkaline viscose solution, applied to the outside of a tubular fiber reinforcement, with acidic precipitation liquid and regeneration of the A
~; ~' ~ - ,. ;, ,.:, - . , .
*, ~
~ 3 ~ 8 ~
:
` `-;
,., cellulose, and contain plasticizers, such as j glycerol.
;~ The fiber reinforcement usually has a weight ~ per unit area of about 17 to 28 g/m2 and is i; 5 preferably a paper inlay or a fiber nonwoven of hemp fibers. It is preferably impregnated and coated with viscose only on the outside. If an additional viscose coating takes place on the inside of the ~- fiber tube, the proportion of the viscose on the ~ lO inside relative to the total viscose applied is a ;~ maximum of about 30% by weight. The regenerated cellulose is distributed in a corresponding manner in `~ the cross-section of the casing, that is to say that ~-;; about 70% to 100% of the cellulose is on the outside.
Processes for the external coating of cellulose hydrate tubes have likewise been described, for example, in European Patent No. 37,025 and in the " references cited therein.
The invention is explained in detail by means of the examples which follow. The starting material ~, in each case is a fiber-reinforced tube having an outer layer of cellulose hydrate gel, which has been ~ produced by treating the outside of the fiber tube ..~
~j with viscose, conventional coagulation and regeneration of the outer viscose layer with acidic precipitation and regeneration li~uid, and washing with water. The tube of fiber-reinforced cellulose hydrate gel obtained is coated on its outside with the dispersion according to the invention and is dried in the inflated state in a drying tunnel at 120C to 150C, the cationic resin being cured and, in its water-insoluble form, fixed together with the r~
`
-.
' '' : ' ~ . . .:
., ' .. ..
'.. , . :' : ''' ' ' ' ~L 3 2 ~
~,r particles to the cellulose surface. The tube is then '~ adjusted to the desired moisture content.
The finished tube is further processed as a -~ section tied off at one end. The tie comprises a string or cord, with or without an additional metal : ., clip.
. . ~
~ Example 1 ~; .
; The aqueous coating dispersion has the~ following composition:
-~ 10 - 2% by weight of a heat-curable, still water-soluble polymer of ethylene diamine, diethylene triamine, adipic acid and epichlorohydrin (RESAMIN HW 601 from ~` Cassella) as cationic resin, ;~ 15 - 6% by weight of a 50% strength by weight ;v~ PVC dispersion, equivalent to 3% by i weight PVC solids content, having a ,~ particle size of 0.1 to 1.6 ~m (HOSTALIT
E 1069/072~from Hoechst), - 10% by weight of glycerol.
The finished tube possesses on its outer `~ surface a layer of 80 mg of cationic resin and 120 mg of PVC particles per square meter of surface.
Sections tied off at one end are produced from the externally coated tube (caliber 65 mm). After moistening, they can readily be pulled onto the stuffing horn of a sausage filling machine, and are much improved in their processing characteristics.
The hard sausage produced exhibits the desired high _ g _ ~ Q~
.~.
:,:, - ~ -... ~
,~
~ ' ` ' 1 ;, ' r' ~
. ~ .
32~2~9 ~, ' ~; surface gloss and good transparency despite the :.~
surface layer.
-, Example 2 The aqueous coating dispersion has the following composition:
- 2% by weight of the cationic resin of ~ Example 1, 5~ - 4% by weight of the 50% strength by "f' weight PVC dispersion of Example 1, ,f.............. 10 - 10% by weight of glycerol.
The finished tube (caliber 85 mm) possesses on .its outside a layer of 65 mg of cationic resin and 65 mg of PVC particles per square meter of surface.
l i.
The pieces of tube, tied off into sections and ;~15 moistened, can readily be pulled onto the stuffing ~horn of the filllng machine in the production of f~isausages of the salami type. As a result of the increased surface roughness, they possess improved performance characteristics. The finished sausages exhibit the desired surface gloss and good trans-,~
parency which are known for sausage casings made from this material.
, .
l~i ~f,.
.~
i, ;
,~, ' ,it,.~
',', ` ' :
'
The finished tube (caliber 85 mm) possesses on .its outside a layer of 65 mg of cationic resin and 65 mg of PVC particles per square meter of surface.
l i.
The pieces of tube, tied off into sections and ;~15 moistened, can readily be pulled onto the stuffing ~horn of the filllng machine in the production of f~isausages of the salami type. As a result of the increased surface roughness, they possess improved performance characteristics. The finished sausages exhibit the desired surface gloss and good trans-,~
parency which are known for sausage casings made from this material.
, .
l~i ~f,.
.~
i, ;
,~, ' ,it,.~
',', ` ' :
'
Claims (20)
1. A tubular packaging casing, comprising:
a base tube of fiber-reinforced cellulose, the fiber reinforcement being completely coated with a cellulose layer at least on the outside; and an outer surface layer on the outer cellulose layer of the base tube, the outer surface layer comprising a water-insoluble cationic resin and particles or fibers of cellulose or a synthetic resin.
a base tube of fiber-reinforced cellulose, the fiber reinforcement being completely coated with a cellulose layer at least on the outside; and an outer surface layer on the outer cellulose layer of the base tube, the outer surface layer comprising a water-insoluble cationic resin and particles or fibers of cellulose or a synthetic resin.
2. A casing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particles comprise a vinyl chloride homopolymer or copolymer.
3. A casing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particles possess a particle size of less than about 5 µm.
4. A casing as claimed in claim 3, wherein the particles possess a particle size in the range of from about 0.2 to 2 µm.
5. A casing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fibers possess a length of less than about 10 µm.
6. A casing as claimed in claim 5, wherein the fibers possess a length of less than about 5 µm.
7. A casing as claimed in claim 5, wherein the fibers possess an average length of from about 0.1 to 1 µm.
8. A casing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cationic resin comprises a protein, melamine, phenol or urea compound crosslinked with an aldehyde.
9. A casing as claimed in claim 8, wherein the aldehyde comprises formaldehyde or glyoxal.
10. A casing as claimed in claim 8, wherein the cationic resin comprises a polyamine resin or polyamide resin crosslinked with a bifunctional halohydrin or a derivative thereof.
11. A casing as claimed in claim 10, wherein the cationic resin comprises a polyamine-polyamide resin.
12. A casing as claimed in claim 10, wherein the bifunctional halohydrin comprises epichlorohydrin.
13. A casing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of cationic resin to particles or fibers is in the range from about 1:5 to 5:1.
14. A casing as claimed in claim 13, wherein the weight ratio of cationic resin to particles or fibers is in the range from about 1:3 to 2:1.
15. A casing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the content of the cationic resin in the surface layer corresponds to a weight per unit area of from about 40 to 200 mg/m2.
16. A casing as claimed in claim 15, wherein the content of the cationic resin in the surface layer corresponds to a weight per unit area of from about 60 to 150 mg/m2.
17. A casing as claimed in claim 1, wherein said casing possesses, at a water content of from about 5% to 15% by weight and a glycerol content of from about 18% to 22% by weight based on the total weight of the casing in each case, a weight per unit area of from about 70 to 130 g/m2.
18. A casing as claimed in claim 17, wherein said casing possesses a weight per unit area of from about 80 to 120 g/m2,
19. A process for the production of the packaging casing as claimed in claim 1, comprising the steps of:
impregnating a tubular fibrous substance and coating same at least on its outside with viscose;
precipitating the viscose to produce a resulting tube of fiber-reinforced cellulose hydrate gel;
coating said tube of cellulose hydrate gel on its outside with an aqueous dispersion of a still water-soluble cationic resin; and drying the tube at an elevated temperature sufficient to crosslink the cationic resin and convert it to its water-insoluble form, wherein the aqueous dispersion contains from about 0.5% to 10% by weight of particles or fibers of cellulose or a synthetic resin.
impregnating a tubular fibrous substance and coating same at least on its outside with viscose;
precipitating the viscose to produce a resulting tube of fiber-reinforced cellulose hydrate gel;
coating said tube of cellulose hydrate gel on its outside with an aqueous dispersion of a still water-soluble cationic resin; and drying the tube at an elevated temperature sufficient to crosslink the cationic resin and convert it to its water-insoluble form, wherein the aqueous dispersion contains from about 0.5% to 10% by weight of particles or fibers of cellulose or a synthetic resin.
20. A process for the production of the packaging casing as claimed in claim 19, wherein the aqueous dispersion contains from about 2% to 4% by weight of PVC particles and from about 1% to 5% by weight of a crosslinkable cationic resin comprising a crosslinkable epichlorohydrin/polyamine-polyamide resin.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19873713712 DE3713712A1 (en) | 1987-04-24 | 1987-04-24 | PACKAGING SLEEVE, ESPECIALLY SAUSAGE SLEEVE, BASED ON CELLULOSE WITH IMPROVED PROCESSING BEHAVIOR |
| DEP3713712.3 | 1987-04-24 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1324289C true CA1324289C (en) | 1993-11-16 |
Family
ID=6326199
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000564830A Expired - Fee Related CA1324289C (en) | 1987-04-24 | 1988-04-22 | Packaging casing based of cellulose having improved processing characteristics |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0287967B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2556551B2 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE75914T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1324289C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3713712A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI90717C (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080233246A1 (en) * | 2005-08-04 | 2008-09-25 | Klaus-Dieter Hammer | Impregnated or Coated Tubular Cellulose-Based Food Casing |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE8915452U1 (en) * | 1989-06-30 | 1990-07-19 | Fa. Wilh. Schmitz-Scholl, 45478 Mülheim | Packaging for food products |
| WO2001003508A1 (en) * | 1999-07-12 | 2001-01-18 | Teepak Investments, Inc. | Slip resistant food casing and method for making same |
| DE102004015088A1 (en) | 2004-03-25 | 2005-10-13 | Kalle Gmbh | Cellulose hydrate sausage casing with minimal meatiness |
| JP6534238B2 (en) * | 2013-02-27 | 2019-06-26 | フィスコ ティーパク ベルギー | Cellulose-based food casing and method of manufacture |
| US9655372B2 (en) | 2013-02-27 | 2017-05-23 | Viskoteepak Belgium Nv | Cellulose-based food casing and method of manufacture |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3378379A (en) * | 1963-05-21 | 1968-04-16 | Union Carbide Corp | Food casing and method of producing same |
| GB1091105A (en) * | 1965-03-30 | 1967-11-15 | Dexter Corp | Base web for casing and method of making same |
| DE2822886A1 (en) * | 1978-05-26 | 1979-11-29 | Hoechst Ag | TUBE-SHAPED PACKAGING SHELL BASED ON CELLULOSE HYDRATE WITH FIBER INSERT IN THE SHELL WALL AND OPTICALLY EFFECTIVE CHEMICAL COMPOUND ON THE SURFACE AS WELL AS THE PROCESS FOR THEIR PRODUCTION |
-
1987
- 1987-04-24 DE DE19873713712 patent/DE3713712A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1988
- 1988-04-15 EP EP88106035A patent/EP0287967B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-04-15 AT AT88106035T patent/ATE75914T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-04-15 DE DE8888106035T patent/DE3870977D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-04-21 FI FI881868A patent/FI90717C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-04-21 JP JP63096978A patent/JP2556551B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-04-22 CA CA000564830A patent/CA1324289C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080233246A1 (en) * | 2005-08-04 | 2008-09-25 | Klaus-Dieter Hammer | Impregnated or Coated Tubular Cellulose-Based Food Casing |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3713712A1 (en) | 1988-11-17 |
| ATE75914T1 (en) | 1992-05-15 |
| FI881868A (en) | 1988-10-25 |
| DE3870977D1 (en) | 1992-06-17 |
| JP2556551B2 (en) | 1996-11-20 |
| EP0287967A1 (en) | 1988-10-26 |
| JPS63296647A (en) | 1988-12-02 |
| FI90717B (en) | 1993-12-15 |
| FI90717C (en) | 1994-03-25 |
| FI881868A0 (en) | 1988-04-21 |
| EP0287967B1 (en) | 1992-05-13 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKLA | Lapsed |