CA1181280A - System for tempering a room - Google Patents
System for tempering a roomInfo
- Publication number
- CA1181280A CA1181280A CA000408635A CA408635A CA1181280A CA 1181280 A CA1181280 A CA 1181280A CA 000408635 A CA000408635 A CA 000408635A CA 408635 A CA408635 A CA 408635A CA 1181280 A CA1181280 A CA 1181280A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- duct
- heating
- construction
- duct space
- plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/12—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating
- F24D3/14—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating incorporated in a ceiling, wall or floor
- F24D3/141—Tube mountings specially adapted therefor
- F24D3/142—Tube mountings specially adapted therefor integrated in prefab construction elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/12—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating
- F24D3/14—Tube and panel arrangements for ceiling, wall, or underfloor heating incorporated in a ceiling, wall or floor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D5/00—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems
- F24D5/06—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems operating without discharge of hot air into the space or area to be heated
- F24D5/10—Hot-air central heating systems; Exhaust gas central heating systems operating without discharge of hot air into the space or area to be heated with hot air led through heat-exchange ducts in the walls, floor or ceiling
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The system for controlling the temperature of a room, which comprises at least one duct provided in a surface of the room, especially in the floor, and at least one temperature-controlling device extending in this duct whereby the air can be circulated through this duct, provides for at least one baffle in the duct which deflects or diverts the air from its main direction of flow defined by the connection of the intake opening with the discharge opening. The duct can be limited on the side facing the room by a covering made of heat-conducting or heat-retaining material. In a particularly suitable embodiment the temperature-controlling device is disposed in the duct in the form of a cable or hose; its outside diameter - or the outside diameter of a heat-conducting plate which preferably encompasses the device at least partly and which is in particular at least partially black - is slightly larger than the distance between the alignments of the baffles.
The system for controlling the temperature of a room, which comprises at least one duct provided in a surface of the room, especially in the floor, and at least one temperature-controlling device extending in this duct whereby the air can be circulated through this duct, provides for at least one baffle in the duct which deflects or diverts the air from its main direction of flow defined by the connection of the intake opening with the discharge opening. The duct can be limited on the side facing the room by a covering made of heat-conducting or heat-retaining material. In a particularly suitable embodiment the temperature-controlling device is disposed in the duct in the form of a cable or hose; its outside diameter - or the outside diameter of a heat-conducting plate which preferably encompasses the device at least partly and which is in particular at least partially black - is slightly larger than the distance between the alignments of the baffles.
Description
"System for Tempering a Room".
The innovation rela-tes to a system for tempering a room with at least one duct space foreseen in a closure of the room, especially in the floor, and at least one tempering device extending in said duct space, whereas air can be circula-ted through the duct space.
Such a system has become known from AT-PS 359.696. Although this AT-PS relates especially to a radiation and convec--tion heatlng system, it is clear tha-t the te~n "heating sys-tem" is to be understood in the most general contex-t, namely in the context of an installation, wqth the aid o~ whichit is possible to maintain the room temperature at a predetermined level.
This temperature level can lie below the outside temperature if, sayl a coolant, e.g. cold water, is passed through a tubular heating string instead of a heating medium such as hot water or steam.
In addition, the aforementioned AT-PS relates especially to a floor heating system, but in this context it is only essential that ~he tempering space in which the system itself is accomodated, have a convectional connection with the room to be tempered so that the system can analogously be accommodated in a side wall as weil as in the ceiling of the room. In this situation the convection connection can e~ist directly, or just as well indirectly, i.e. one of the discharges can lead into say an adjoining room, from where temperature equalization is then effected via open doors or other openings. Even though in the scope of this AT-PS
circulation of fresh air is not foreseen, a certain portion of such air can possibly be added to the room air, which can be essential i.e. in particular for adherence to the regulations of the construction and/or ~rade authorities.
One of the advantages of this known tempering system is that the heat is rejectecl by the heating llne into the room (or vice versa) more rapidly and with fewer losses. The ~3`
heat transfer rate is naturally largely dependent upon the flow velocity of the air, which can be circulated by natural convection or also by mechanical means. Just in the former case, however, the flow velocity can be very low, which due to the nature or form of the heating line or for other reasons can lead to the occurence of temper~
ature differences inside the duct orthe duct system formirlg a duct space . In this context the term "heating line" is to be understood in its general meaning as a tempering element, the extension which is considerably greater in one direetion than in the other. For this reason surface-type tempering elements can also be regarded as such. Al-though such surfaee heaters have a lesser inelination -to build up temperature differences of greater magnitude, temperature differences can oceur with these heaters as well. As such, however, temperature differences are un-desirable beeause heat losses ean thereby be incurred.
It is the object of the present innovation to provide for an improved temperature equalization within or at the surface of the duct space discharging into the or a room, which is accomplished by the present innovation by the provision of at least one baffle being foreseen in the duct space, said baffle deflecting or diverting the air from its main direction of flow defined by the connection of the intake with the discharge opening, and whereas the duct space is preferably limited on its side direeted toward the room by a known type of covering of heat conducting or heat retain-ing material.
Amongs-t o-ther capabilities the system according to the present in-novation enables the air circulating through the ducts to be si~lltaneously filtered and/or degermin~ted, as we:Ll ~s humidlfied if called for, to be charged with odor killers and/or scents etc. Finally, warm air obtained from low-temperature heat-ing systerns such as e.g~ solar collectors can be circulated ~ L8~
directly, affording especially economic utilization of existing energyj in addition the air can be forced through the duct spaces;or drawn through the duct spaces from the discharge end by means of either natural or mechanical ventilationO
The interconnection of elongated, duct-type floor spaces of a floor heating system is known, but with the known constructions temperature equalization between -two points of different heating system temperature level is difficult or even impossi.ble because of a lack of convection flow.
This effect is achieved, however, when atampering system of the type mentioned above is used, because with this system the said flow is provided. Up to this time the problem solved by the innovati.on, as well as the necessity of an optimation i.n this direction, has apparently not been re-alized at all. By the preferred configuration mentioned a~ove a further improvement in the temperature equaliza-tion between poi.nts of differe.nt temperature level is achieved.
Relating to an advantageous constructional conEiguration of the innovation the duct space discharging into the or a room exhibits at least t~o, especi.ally parallel to one an-other duct sections, whereas the baffle(s) form~s~ at least one transverse duct connecting the. duct sections. In the framework of the innovation namely, a problem arises due to contradicting requirements insofar as on the one hand the cavity Eor the longitudinal and -transverse circulation should be as large as possible and free of flow obstacles, but on the other hand support at as many points as possible is required for the duct space for reasons of stati.cs. This problem is solved by the charac-teristics given above.
Relating to continuation configuration oE the innovati.on the transverse ducts are obtained n~ost simply by the duct space discharging into the or a room, as well as the trans-verse ducts on two sides perpendicular to one another, are limited by a-t least one pla-te of known type having baffles configured as stays arranged at predetermined distances to one another, especially of rounded cross-section in plan view. In this way the formation of the ducts and the installation of the tempering system which is the object of the present in-novation is facilitated, whereas especially in the case of a rounded cross-section of this can- or pad-type stay it can simultaneously serve as a template for any heating and/
or cooling line bends. This applies especially when the pad-t~pe sta~s have rigid side walls of known type which are perpendicular to the plane of the plate, hence for example which are manufactured with the plate of concrete or synthetic resin hard foam. However, the rounded cross-section also provides a manu~acturing advantage if the stays are manufactured in a metal plate by deep drawing, because with a rounded cross-section tearing of sharp edges is scarcely to be. apprehended.
Installation of the system is facilitated further if the especially pad-type baffles are spaced from one another such that the alignment lines of their side walls whi.ch are about perpe.ndicular to the plane of the plate are offset from one another by a distance corresponding to at least the thickness of the heating and/or cooling line. With a known pad plate the pads are arranged staggered i.n narrow rows such that the heating line must be wound snake-like amongst them. Insertion of the héating coil is thereby greatly obstructed. Conversely, by virtue of the configuration of the present innovation the work i.s not only facilitated, but in addition a duct of su-fficient si.ze~ and in parti-cular not obstructing the convection by unnecessary flow resistance is c.reate.d, which relating to a continuation configuration is preferably to be sized such that the alignment line spacing and the height of the baE:Ele.s form a duct space, the cross-se.ction of which is at least twice, ., especially four times, as large as that of the heating and/
or cooling line. The best results were obtained with an air duct cross-sectional area four times as large at atmos-pherlc pressure or related to atmospheric pressure. By /
virtue of the fact, however, that good temperature equal-ization is achieved by the cavities for transverse circula-tion foreseen by the present innovation and especially by the transverse ducts, if desired the cross-sectional area can also be sized only twice as large as the heat-ing and/or cooling line without the reduction in capacity rom the sizing first mentioned being all too great. This can even be an advantage if narrow installation of single heating line parallel to one another is desired, because they can then be arranged even closer together, whereby the heating per running meter to be performed by one heating line may be less, which in turn reduces the heat losses.
Under these circumstances clamping elements can also be foreseen to hold the heating and/or cooling line as will be described later.
In addition, narrow sizing and better temperature equal-ization can be achieved by the duct space being mechanicall~
ventilated with longitudinal and transverse circulation at least in the main flow direction, in known fashion with a circulation pump, a portion of fresh air possibly being added.
As has been observed points of different temperature level occur primarily where the line has a bend~ for which it is pre~erred that at least one transverse duct be foreseen in the area of a bend of the heating and/or cooling line or in the vicinity of this area.
It has already been mentioned above why it can be advantageous for the s-tays on the plate used, seen in plan view, to exhibit a rounded cross-section. ~t the edge oE the plate, and of the duct space in general, however, where the convectLon air should be transported toward the discharge into the room and where vortex formation could be obstructive, the rounded cross-section is less advantageous with the use of just this plate. After a continuation configuration of the ~resent innovation it is therefore foreseen that toward the discharge of the duct space at least one duct section limited by side walls which are essentially parallel to one ~8~
another or to the duct longitudinal axis i.s provided for at the edge of the duct space with longitudinal and trans-verse circulation and especially at the edgé of a plate with baffles of rounded cross-section seen in plan view~
In this way the flow is transferred essentially vortex-free to the discharge.
However, the i.nnovation also relates to a tempering system construction, preferably for a radiation- and convection-type floor heating system, consisting of a~ a plate with projections, preferably of in-sulati.ng materi.al, between the projections of which at least one air-passage duct space. is formed, and b~ at least one line-shaped tempering device ex-te.nding in recesses of the plate, and c~ a covering re.sting on the projections, said coveri.ng possibly encompassing a pre.ssure dis--tri.bution layer.
As can be taken from the above statements the recess in the insulating plate was originally sized large enough that the heating line couLd just fittinto it or had to be wound snakelike to have as large a surface as possible available for seat-ing the covering. This means, however, that only the bare u~per side of the heating line radiated onto the lower side of the covering so that the heating line often had to be operated with considerable overtemperature, which means a waste of energy, and furthermore, as previously mentioned, considerable temperature differences ensued between the pieces of cover.ing of the floor or of the respective wall.
which are located immedi.ately above the heating llne and between two heating :Line.
If the recess for installing the heating line is now ex-tended, howeve.r, to a duct space with air passa~e connected to the room to be heated ~s peL the proposal contained in the aforementione.d AT-PS, the overtemperature of the heat-ing line can thereby be dissipated by the passing ai.r, but in practice complicated holding devices for the heating and/
or cooling line must be foreseen in the duct space.
8~
Therefore, in order to provide for a moun-t.ing inside a duct space with air passage and which is hence relatively wide as opposed to the heating coil, said mounting being reliable, easy to install and cheap, and possibly to provide for further equalization of the temperature over the wall or floor surface, the construction of the present in-novation can be configured such -that at least on recess oE
the plate itself or a lining thereof accommodating a line-shaped tempering device exhibits on at least one side a l.imita-tion fitted with clamping elements.
This i5 preEerably realized in the manner that the outside diameter of the line-shaped tempering device or a heat conducting plate preferable encompassing the device at least partly, which is especially at least partially black, is slightly larger than the distance between the alignment lines of the limitations of the recess foreseen for the installation of said device.
This can be accomplished either by the recess provided for installation of the string-type tempering device being a wavy- or zigzag-shaped duct spi~e, preferably seen from above, ~hereas the wave peaks form the clamping elements, and/or by pad-li.ke projections -preferably staggered -being arranged on the plate to form the clamping elements and by these pad-like projections consisting expediently of heat retaining material, in the cases of which an es-pecially ~avorable temperature equalizati.on is obtained.
For the installation of the string--type tempering device, howeverl a recess arranged in an angle to the air-passage duct space on the upper side or the projections, furnished with or limited by lateral clamping elements, can be .Eore-seen, whereas the duct space is expediently expanded in cross-section at that poi.nt at which it is crossed by the heating and/or cooling string.
These measures eliminate with one stroke all shortcomings to date:
- The duct space can be dimensioned large enough to accommodate the amounts of air expanding during warm-._ _ L2~
up without the carrying capacity of the projectionsfor the covering being reduced, since the clamping elements hold the heating string;
- On installation the heati.ng and/or cooling string is clamped in the recesses provided therefore without complicated holding devi.ces being recluired.
- The possibly wavy-shaped duct space and/or its expanded cross-section, as well as the heat conducting plate preferably usedl also distribute the temperature to pieces of the coveri.ny located between two heating and/
or eooliny strinys better than eonventional construe-tions;
- At that point at which the heating and/or eooling string crosses the duet spaee it is advantageous to arrange a heat eondueting plate ~hieh simultaneously performs two funetions: it improves the earrying eapaeity for the pieee of eovering loeated above the expanded duct spaee, and it brings the heat from the seetions of heating string running through the recesses of the projetions into the duct space, ~rom where it can be removed or distributed by the passing air.
The expansion of the duct spaee at that point at whieh it is erossed by the he.ating and/or eooli.ng string is ex-pedient beeause there for the passing air the eross-seetion would be reclueed by the string. Otherwise, however, this variant also provide.s the advantage that the duet spaee eross-seetion, which with a string installed inside the duct spaee should have, as mentioned, about four times the eross~section as the string, ean be redueed further and for example to 3 times the eross-seetion. It shoulcl only be ex-panded at the crossing points so as to improve the earrying eapaeity oE the remaining projee-tions.
_ g Wi-th or without a heat eonducting plate the heating and/
or eooling string ean be installed on the floor ~f the air-passage duet space or - held by a heat eonducting plate in any case - on the upper side of the duct spaee, in which case the c~ct space itself has the elamping elements or is limited by them at least partly~ However, the string ean run at an angle to the duet space, in which case i.-t crosses the duct preferably in the upper half of the duct and is held in the recesses of the projections, especially with the aid of a heat conducting plate. which conducts the.
heat to the surface of the projections.
Relating to an advantageous conEiguration of the innova~ion ~or clamping above a firs-t heating and/or cooling string a second heating and/or colling string runs preferably.
diagonally to the first string which is especially in-stalled at a height eorresponding to the diameter of the first string. Insofar as the seeond string is not in-stalled at the preferred height, this arrangement facilitates in any case elampiny to be effeeted by means of elamping strips of metal sheet or similar material inserted between both strings at the crossing points. In rooms with a hi.gh heat requirement, or to ~ork with lowest possible input temperature (which is often advantageous when using warm disposal water or solar collectors~ a first heating string in the duck space and a seeond s-tring at an angle thereto ean hence naturally be foreseen, produeing a very uni.-form surface. temperature of the floor or wall eovering. In this case the first heating string can be routed below, and the seeond string above the :Eirst. Alternativel~ th.e first heating string is held i.n heat conducting plates, parallel to the duct space in its upper half and bridging the duct space, while the second heating string is routed on the floor of the possibly deeper but in any case narrower re-cess arrangec] at an angle to the duct space. I'hese recesses then form transverse ducts which also exhibit air passage and which separate the pad-like projections~
In certain cases it has also proven to be expedient if grooves are provided in the surface of the projections which preferably extend continuously from one edge to the other (opposite) edge. This provides for better distribu-tion of the heat from the air-passage duct space to the floor covering parts located above the projections, or for better heat transfer to the heat conducting plates possibl~ foreseen on the surface of the projections.
Details of the innovation are illustrated in the follow-ing description of construction examples shown schematically in the drawing.
Fig~ 1 shows a perspective view of a construction of the present innovation, including heating strlngs and heat conducting plates;
Figs~ 2A and 2~ show special air duct shapes;
Figs. 3A and 3B show examples of cross-section~through the bearing surfaces;
Figs. 4 to 7 show various construction examples of pad-like bearing surfaces with projections acting as clamping elements;
Fig. 8 shows a perspective view oE a heating string clamped between two pads;
Figs. 9 and 10 show special types of heating string in-stallation;
Fig~ 11 shows a part plan view of another tempering system accordiny to the present innovation after removal of the overlying wall;
Fig. 12 shows a view representing about the perspective of arrow XII of Fig. 11, whereas two border plate constructions and the attachment of two hea-ting and/or cooling s-trings in a single duct of a pad plate are shown;
Fig. 13 shows a view from the perspective of arrow XIII
of Fig. 12 of a configuration of the border plate preferen-tially used according to the present in-novation; and _~0 _ Fig. 1~ shows a fur-ther cross-sec-tional view of a tempering system according to the present innovation, whereas parts with identical function are respectively designated with the same reference symbols, possibly supplemente~ by index symbols.
Fig. 1 shows a construction 31 for a radiation and convec-tion heating system, the bearing surfaces 3 of which are made for a E],oor covering or attic not shown, said surfaces being preferably pad-like, possibly of heat retaining ma-terial and are interrupted by air ducts 5 and by recesses 4 ~or heating strings 1.
The recesses 4 end abou-t at middle height of the pads 3 so that the latter are divided into 2 half-pads. Half the height from the base of the recesses 4 downward corresponds preferentially to the diameter of the heating string 101 lo-cated in air duct 5 perpendicular thereto, so that said string is also clamped by the overlying heating string 1, even though the pads 3 can also be furnished with lateral pro-jections 25 acting as clamping elements. Alternativ~ly, string 1 is foreseen as the sole clamping element for the underlying heating string 101.
When setting up construction 31 from prefabricated plates
The innovation rela-tes to a system for tempering a room with at least one duct space foreseen in a closure of the room, especially in the floor, and at least one tempering device extending in said duct space, whereas air can be circula-ted through the duct space.
Such a system has become known from AT-PS 359.696. Although this AT-PS relates especially to a radiation and convec--tion heatlng system, it is clear tha-t the te~n "heating sys-tem" is to be understood in the most general contex-t, namely in the context of an installation, wqth the aid o~ whichit is possible to maintain the room temperature at a predetermined level.
This temperature level can lie below the outside temperature if, sayl a coolant, e.g. cold water, is passed through a tubular heating string instead of a heating medium such as hot water or steam.
In addition, the aforementioned AT-PS relates especially to a floor heating system, but in this context it is only essential that ~he tempering space in which the system itself is accomodated, have a convectional connection with the room to be tempered so that the system can analogously be accommodated in a side wall as weil as in the ceiling of the room. In this situation the convection connection can e~ist directly, or just as well indirectly, i.e. one of the discharges can lead into say an adjoining room, from where temperature equalization is then effected via open doors or other openings. Even though in the scope of this AT-PS
circulation of fresh air is not foreseen, a certain portion of such air can possibly be added to the room air, which can be essential i.e. in particular for adherence to the regulations of the construction and/or ~rade authorities.
One of the advantages of this known tempering system is that the heat is rejectecl by the heating llne into the room (or vice versa) more rapidly and with fewer losses. The ~3`
heat transfer rate is naturally largely dependent upon the flow velocity of the air, which can be circulated by natural convection or also by mechanical means. Just in the former case, however, the flow velocity can be very low, which due to the nature or form of the heating line or for other reasons can lead to the occurence of temper~
ature differences inside the duct orthe duct system formirlg a duct space . In this context the term "heating line" is to be understood in its general meaning as a tempering element, the extension which is considerably greater in one direetion than in the other. For this reason surface-type tempering elements can also be regarded as such. Al-though such surfaee heaters have a lesser inelination -to build up temperature differences of greater magnitude, temperature differences can oceur with these heaters as well. As such, however, temperature differences are un-desirable beeause heat losses ean thereby be incurred.
It is the object of the present innovation to provide for an improved temperature equalization within or at the surface of the duct space discharging into the or a room, which is accomplished by the present innovation by the provision of at least one baffle being foreseen in the duct space, said baffle deflecting or diverting the air from its main direction of flow defined by the connection of the intake with the discharge opening, and whereas the duct space is preferably limited on its side direeted toward the room by a known type of covering of heat conducting or heat retain-ing material.
Amongs-t o-ther capabilities the system according to the present in-novation enables the air circulating through the ducts to be si~lltaneously filtered and/or degermin~ted, as we:Ll ~s humidlfied if called for, to be charged with odor killers and/or scents etc. Finally, warm air obtained from low-temperature heat-ing systerns such as e.g~ solar collectors can be circulated ~ L8~
directly, affording especially economic utilization of existing energyj in addition the air can be forced through the duct spaces;or drawn through the duct spaces from the discharge end by means of either natural or mechanical ventilationO
The interconnection of elongated, duct-type floor spaces of a floor heating system is known, but with the known constructions temperature equalization between -two points of different heating system temperature level is difficult or even impossi.ble because of a lack of convection flow.
This effect is achieved, however, when atampering system of the type mentioned above is used, because with this system the said flow is provided. Up to this time the problem solved by the innovati.on, as well as the necessity of an optimation i.n this direction, has apparently not been re-alized at all. By the preferred configuration mentioned a~ove a further improvement in the temperature equaliza-tion between poi.nts of differe.nt temperature level is achieved.
Relating to an advantageous constructional conEiguration of the innovation the duct space discharging into the or a room exhibits at least t~o, especi.ally parallel to one an-other duct sections, whereas the baffle(s) form~s~ at least one transverse duct connecting the. duct sections. In the framework of the innovation namely, a problem arises due to contradicting requirements insofar as on the one hand the cavity Eor the longitudinal and -transverse circulation should be as large as possible and free of flow obstacles, but on the other hand support at as many points as possible is required for the duct space for reasons of stati.cs. This problem is solved by the charac-teristics given above.
Relating to continuation configuration oE the innovati.on the transverse ducts are obtained n~ost simply by the duct space discharging into the or a room, as well as the trans-verse ducts on two sides perpendicular to one another, are limited by a-t least one pla-te of known type having baffles configured as stays arranged at predetermined distances to one another, especially of rounded cross-section in plan view. In this way the formation of the ducts and the installation of the tempering system which is the object of the present in-novation is facilitated, whereas especially in the case of a rounded cross-section of this can- or pad-type stay it can simultaneously serve as a template for any heating and/
or cooling line bends. This applies especially when the pad-t~pe sta~s have rigid side walls of known type which are perpendicular to the plane of the plate, hence for example which are manufactured with the plate of concrete or synthetic resin hard foam. However, the rounded cross-section also provides a manu~acturing advantage if the stays are manufactured in a metal plate by deep drawing, because with a rounded cross-section tearing of sharp edges is scarcely to be. apprehended.
Installation of the system is facilitated further if the especially pad-type baffles are spaced from one another such that the alignment lines of their side walls whi.ch are about perpe.ndicular to the plane of the plate are offset from one another by a distance corresponding to at least the thickness of the heating and/or cooling line. With a known pad plate the pads are arranged staggered i.n narrow rows such that the heating line must be wound snake-like amongst them. Insertion of the héating coil is thereby greatly obstructed. Conversely, by virtue of the configuration of the present innovation the work i.s not only facilitated, but in addition a duct of su-fficient si.ze~ and in parti-cular not obstructing the convection by unnecessary flow resistance is c.reate.d, which relating to a continuation configuration is preferably to be sized such that the alignment line spacing and the height of the baE:Ele.s form a duct space, the cross-se.ction of which is at least twice, ., especially four times, as large as that of the heating and/
or cooling line. The best results were obtained with an air duct cross-sectional area four times as large at atmos-pherlc pressure or related to atmospheric pressure. By /
virtue of the fact, however, that good temperature equal-ization is achieved by the cavities for transverse circula-tion foreseen by the present innovation and especially by the transverse ducts, if desired the cross-sectional area can also be sized only twice as large as the heat-ing and/or cooling line without the reduction in capacity rom the sizing first mentioned being all too great. This can even be an advantage if narrow installation of single heating line parallel to one another is desired, because they can then be arranged even closer together, whereby the heating per running meter to be performed by one heating line may be less, which in turn reduces the heat losses.
Under these circumstances clamping elements can also be foreseen to hold the heating and/or cooling line as will be described later.
In addition, narrow sizing and better temperature equal-ization can be achieved by the duct space being mechanicall~
ventilated with longitudinal and transverse circulation at least in the main flow direction, in known fashion with a circulation pump, a portion of fresh air possibly being added.
As has been observed points of different temperature level occur primarily where the line has a bend~ for which it is pre~erred that at least one transverse duct be foreseen in the area of a bend of the heating and/or cooling line or in the vicinity of this area.
It has already been mentioned above why it can be advantageous for the s-tays on the plate used, seen in plan view, to exhibit a rounded cross-section. ~t the edge oE the plate, and of the duct space in general, however, where the convectLon air should be transported toward the discharge into the room and where vortex formation could be obstructive, the rounded cross-section is less advantageous with the use of just this plate. After a continuation configuration of the ~resent innovation it is therefore foreseen that toward the discharge of the duct space at least one duct section limited by side walls which are essentially parallel to one ~8~
another or to the duct longitudinal axis i.s provided for at the edge of the duct space with longitudinal and trans-verse circulation and especially at the edgé of a plate with baffles of rounded cross-section seen in plan view~
In this way the flow is transferred essentially vortex-free to the discharge.
However, the i.nnovation also relates to a tempering system construction, preferably for a radiation- and convection-type floor heating system, consisting of a~ a plate with projections, preferably of in-sulati.ng materi.al, between the projections of which at least one air-passage duct space. is formed, and b~ at least one line-shaped tempering device ex-te.nding in recesses of the plate, and c~ a covering re.sting on the projections, said coveri.ng possibly encompassing a pre.ssure dis--tri.bution layer.
As can be taken from the above statements the recess in the insulating plate was originally sized large enough that the heating line couLd just fittinto it or had to be wound snakelike to have as large a surface as possible available for seat-ing the covering. This means, however, that only the bare u~per side of the heating line radiated onto the lower side of the covering so that the heating line often had to be operated with considerable overtemperature, which means a waste of energy, and furthermore, as previously mentioned, considerable temperature differences ensued between the pieces of cover.ing of the floor or of the respective wall.
which are located immedi.ately above the heating llne and between two heating :Line.
If the recess for installing the heating line is now ex-tended, howeve.r, to a duct space with air passa~e connected to the room to be heated ~s peL the proposal contained in the aforementione.d AT-PS, the overtemperature of the heat-ing line can thereby be dissipated by the passing ai.r, but in practice complicated holding devices for the heating and/
or cooling line must be foreseen in the duct space.
8~
Therefore, in order to provide for a moun-t.ing inside a duct space with air passage and which is hence relatively wide as opposed to the heating coil, said mounting being reliable, easy to install and cheap, and possibly to provide for further equalization of the temperature over the wall or floor surface, the construction of the present in-novation can be configured such -that at least on recess oE
the plate itself or a lining thereof accommodating a line-shaped tempering device exhibits on at least one side a l.imita-tion fitted with clamping elements.
This i5 preEerably realized in the manner that the outside diameter of the line-shaped tempering device or a heat conducting plate preferable encompassing the device at least partly, which is especially at least partially black, is slightly larger than the distance between the alignment lines of the limitations of the recess foreseen for the installation of said device.
This can be accomplished either by the recess provided for installation of the string-type tempering device being a wavy- or zigzag-shaped duct spi~e, preferably seen from above, ~hereas the wave peaks form the clamping elements, and/or by pad-li.ke projections -preferably staggered -being arranged on the plate to form the clamping elements and by these pad-like projections consisting expediently of heat retaining material, in the cases of which an es-pecially ~avorable temperature equalizati.on is obtained.
For the installation of the string--type tempering device, howeverl a recess arranged in an angle to the air-passage duct space on the upper side or the projections, furnished with or limited by lateral clamping elements, can be .Eore-seen, whereas the duct space is expediently expanded in cross-section at that poi.nt at which it is crossed by the heating and/or cooling string.
These measures eliminate with one stroke all shortcomings to date:
- The duct space can be dimensioned large enough to accommodate the amounts of air expanding during warm-._ _ L2~
up without the carrying capacity of the projectionsfor the covering being reduced, since the clamping elements hold the heating string;
- On installation the heati.ng and/or cooling string is clamped in the recesses provided therefore without complicated holding devi.ces being recluired.
- The possibly wavy-shaped duct space and/or its expanded cross-section, as well as the heat conducting plate preferably usedl also distribute the temperature to pieces of the coveri.ny located between two heating and/
or eooliny strinys better than eonventional construe-tions;
- At that point at which the heating and/or eooling string crosses the duet spaee it is advantageous to arrange a heat eondueting plate ~hieh simultaneously performs two funetions: it improves the earrying eapaeity for the pieee of eovering loeated above the expanded duct spaee, and it brings the heat from the seetions of heating string running through the recesses of the projetions into the duct space, ~rom where it can be removed or distributed by the passing air.
The expansion of the duct spaee at that point at whieh it is erossed by the he.ating and/or eooli.ng string is ex-pedient beeause there for the passing air the eross-seetion would be reclueed by the string. Otherwise, however, this variant also provide.s the advantage that the duet spaee eross-seetion, which with a string installed inside the duct spaee should have, as mentioned, about four times the eross~section as the string, ean be redueed further and for example to 3 times the eross-seetion. It shoulcl only be ex-panded at the crossing points so as to improve the earrying eapaeity oE the remaining projee-tions.
_ g Wi-th or without a heat eonducting plate the heating and/
or eooling string ean be installed on the floor ~f the air-passage duet space or - held by a heat eonducting plate in any case - on the upper side of the duct spaee, in which case the c~ct space itself has the elamping elements or is limited by them at least partly~ However, the string ean run at an angle to the duet space, in which case i.-t crosses the duct preferably in the upper half of the duct and is held in the recesses of the projections, especially with the aid of a heat conducting plate. which conducts the.
heat to the surface of the projections.
Relating to an advantageous conEiguration of the innova~ion ~or clamping above a firs-t heating and/or cooling string a second heating and/or colling string runs preferably.
diagonally to the first string which is especially in-stalled at a height eorresponding to the diameter of the first string. Insofar as the seeond string is not in-stalled at the preferred height, this arrangement facilitates in any case elampiny to be effeeted by means of elamping strips of metal sheet or similar material inserted between both strings at the crossing points. In rooms with a hi.gh heat requirement, or to ~ork with lowest possible input temperature (which is often advantageous when using warm disposal water or solar collectors~ a first heating string in the duck space and a seeond s-tring at an angle thereto ean hence naturally be foreseen, produeing a very uni.-form surface. temperature of the floor or wall eovering. In this case the first heating string can be routed below, and the seeond string above the :Eirst. Alternativel~ th.e first heating string is held i.n heat conducting plates, parallel to the duct space in its upper half and bridging the duct space, while the second heating string is routed on the floor of the possibly deeper but in any case narrower re-cess arrangec] at an angle to the duct space. I'hese recesses then form transverse ducts which also exhibit air passage and which separate the pad-like projections~
In certain cases it has also proven to be expedient if grooves are provided in the surface of the projections which preferably extend continuously from one edge to the other (opposite) edge. This provides for better distribu-tion of the heat from the air-passage duct space to the floor covering parts located above the projections, or for better heat transfer to the heat conducting plates possibl~ foreseen on the surface of the projections.
Details of the innovation are illustrated in the follow-ing description of construction examples shown schematically in the drawing.
Fig~ 1 shows a perspective view of a construction of the present innovation, including heating strlngs and heat conducting plates;
Figs~ 2A and 2~ show special air duct shapes;
Figs. 3A and 3B show examples of cross-section~through the bearing surfaces;
Figs. 4 to 7 show various construction examples of pad-like bearing surfaces with projections acting as clamping elements;
Fig. 8 shows a perspective view oE a heating string clamped between two pads;
Figs. 9 and 10 show special types of heating string in-stallation;
Fig~ 11 shows a part plan view of another tempering system accordiny to the present innovation after removal of the overlying wall;
Fig. 12 shows a view representing about the perspective of arrow XII of Fig. 11, whereas two border plate constructions and the attachment of two hea-ting and/or cooling s-trings in a single duct of a pad plate are shown;
Fig. 13 shows a view from the perspective of arrow XIII
of Fig. 12 of a configuration of the border plate preferen-tially used according to the present in-novation; and _~0 _ Fig. 1~ shows a fur-ther cross-sec-tional view of a tempering system according to the present innovation, whereas parts with identical function are respectively designated with the same reference symbols, possibly supplemente~ by index symbols.
Fig. 1 shows a construction 31 for a radiation and convec-tion heating system, the bearing surfaces 3 of which are made for a E],oor covering or attic not shown, said surfaces being preferably pad-like, possibly of heat retaining ma-terial and are interrupted by air ducts 5 and by recesses 4 ~or heating strings 1.
The recesses 4 end abou-t at middle height of the pads 3 so that the latter are divided into 2 half-pads. Half the height from the base of the recesses 4 downward corresponds preferentially to the diameter of the heating string 101 lo-cated in air duct 5 perpendicular thereto, so that said string is also clamped by the overlying heating string 1, even though the pads 3 can also be furnished with lateral pro-jections 25 acting as clamping elements. Alternativ~ly, string 1 is foreseen as the sole clamping element for the underlying heating string 101.
When setting up construction 31 from prefabricated plates
2 one can proceed in such a manner that first these plates 2 are installed, then the lower heating element 101 is fastened with the clamping elements 25, and on -top a heat conducting p~ate 27 or 27' is clamped in the recess to distribute the heat. When a relatively short heat con-ducting plate 27' ls used, such a plate is to be clampedin intervals between every -two pad projec-tions 3. If the recess ~ i5 -too wide to dLrectly exert a clamping force itself, -the hea-t conducting pla-te 2'~ can - in the area of its longi-tudinal depression accommodating the hea-ting string 1 - either be corrugated as shown, or furnished with clamping elemen-ts - such as projec-tions, continua-tions or the like - against the recess ~ and the heating string 1.
Jl 2~
In .his way the heat removal is simultaneously improved by the enlarged surface. This can be especially effective if, say, the heating string lOl is omitted and the duct 5 is hence free to accommodate longitudinal ribs project-ing downward from heat conducting plate 27' which possibly rest on the ~loor of the duct 5, thereby contributing to carrying capacity. The duct 5 can then however also be used to accommodate an air humidifier~
Contrary to previously known constructions, construction 31 has firm support, and heating string 1 only has to be inserted into heat conducting plate 27 or 27', which can be black on at least one surface (directed toward one of theheating strings l or 101) for better absorbtion of -the heat radia-tion emi-tted by heating string 1. I~ the arrangement with the clamping elements 25 is not used (which if desired need not be constructed as a single piece with the pad-like projections 3, but if desired can be inserted with the heating line for which circumstance the vertical side walls of the projections 3 extend slightly V-shaped downward so that the clamping is assured on the one hand, and removal ~rom t~ mould is ~acilitated on the other) the duct 5 accommodating the heating line 1, and the recess 4 as well, can be lined or coated with reflection material.
At the crossing zones 14 of the heating strings arranged in two levels, the cross-section of the air ducts 5 is expediently enlarged to avoid any possible heat buildup at these points which could occur due to the reduction of the duct cross-section through the diagonally traversing heating string. This enlargement can be a widening - as shown in Fig. 1 - ; alternatively, the duct space 5 in the crossing zone 14 can also be increased in depth (not shown~. The crossing areas 14 are preferably covered with heat conducting plates 27, to assure a stable suppor-t for the floor covering not shown. Precisely for this reason the heat conducting plate must lie snug and may not slip.
~Ja The surface of the pads 3 can exhibit grooves which admit an increased amount of heated air to an overlying floor covering or to the heat conducting plate 27', thereby further improving the efficiency of the heating system.
These grooves 13, even though only shown in Fig. 1I can naturally also be provided with al] other constructions of the pads 3.
Figs. 2A, 2B each show a construction 31 with a wide, shallow or with a narrow, deep cross-section of the air ducts 5 in which the heating strings 1 or 101 are embedded and which are crossed preferably at an angle of 90 by a further heating string not shown in a lower (Fig. 2A) or a higher (Fig. 2B~ level, similar to the representation in Fig. 1 of heating strings 1 and 101, and which then are clamped in the recesses of the pad profile forming clamp-ing elements provided for this purpose. With the configura-tion according to Fig. 2B two heating strings can also be installed one above the other so that e.g. the delivery and return lines of a heat transport medium are installed one above the other. In this case space is still available bet~een or adjacent to the strings for the air convection.
Here, the heat conductin~ plates 27" exhibit bending 28 of the lateral edges ~ith which they are anchored in slots 29 of the construction 31. These slots can be formed by the grooves 13 or correspond to them. ~ith the construction according to Fig. 2A the heat conducting plate 27" is corrugated at least at its side wings to improve heat re-jection, but a corrugation (possibly in longitudinal in-stead of transverse direction) in the area surrounding heating line inser-ted into -the recess ~ can contribute to clamping in this recess.
~ ~ 8~
Alternatively or additionally, ~or example, small ribs also projecting into the duct from the heat conducting plate can be foreseen to improve the heat rejection~ A further heat conducting plate 6 formi.ng a cover can serve as a base for an attic or a floor cover-ing. A solid and sturdy base i5 created for this plate 6 as well by the good cohesion of the substructure by the clamping effectO With the heat conducting plate 27"
correspondingl~ clamped in the edging 28 is possibly in-dispensable~ Alternatively the existing wings oE the he.at conducting plate can also no-t project out of the duct, but are hooked fast on the two vertical duct walls, and thereby serve as a clamping element.
With the construction 31 according to Figs. 3A and 3B
the heat conducting plates 27 are clamped in the recesses 4 with the .heating lines 1 inst~led in the uppe.r level, whereas in Fig. 3A the. profile 41 of the construction 31 exhibits a rectangular, if desired slightly trape.zoidal upward tapering and conversely in Fig~ 3B an arched cross-section, which in the latter two cases can in any case facilitate removal from the mould in manufacture.
In construction 31 according to Fig~ 4 circular pads 3 (seen in plan vie~ areipresent, whi.ch are arranged such that the heating strings 1 are installed in two levels, as well as clamped between the pads 3 or in their recesses 4, the pad paunches directed toward the heating string 1 forming the clamping elements~ The spaces hetween the pads
Jl 2~
In .his way the heat removal is simultaneously improved by the enlarged surface. This can be especially effective if, say, the heating string lOl is omitted and the duct 5 is hence free to accommodate longitudinal ribs project-ing downward from heat conducting plate 27' which possibly rest on the ~loor of the duct 5, thereby contributing to carrying capacity. The duct 5 can then however also be used to accommodate an air humidifier~
Contrary to previously known constructions, construction 31 has firm support, and heating string 1 only has to be inserted into heat conducting plate 27 or 27', which can be black on at least one surface (directed toward one of theheating strings l or 101) for better absorbtion of -the heat radia-tion emi-tted by heating string 1. I~ the arrangement with the clamping elements 25 is not used (which if desired need not be constructed as a single piece with the pad-like projections 3, but if desired can be inserted with the heating line for which circumstance the vertical side walls of the projections 3 extend slightly V-shaped downward so that the clamping is assured on the one hand, and removal ~rom t~ mould is ~acilitated on the other) the duct 5 accommodating the heating line 1, and the recess 4 as well, can be lined or coated with reflection material.
At the crossing zones 14 of the heating strings arranged in two levels, the cross-section of the air ducts 5 is expediently enlarged to avoid any possible heat buildup at these points which could occur due to the reduction of the duct cross-section through the diagonally traversing heating string. This enlargement can be a widening - as shown in Fig. 1 - ; alternatively, the duct space 5 in the crossing zone 14 can also be increased in depth (not shown~. The crossing areas 14 are preferably covered with heat conducting plates 27, to assure a stable suppor-t for the floor covering not shown. Precisely for this reason the heat conducting plate must lie snug and may not slip.
~Ja The surface of the pads 3 can exhibit grooves which admit an increased amount of heated air to an overlying floor covering or to the heat conducting plate 27', thereby further improving the efficiency of the heating system.
These grooves 13, even though only shown in Fig. 1I can naturally also be provided with al] other constructions of the pads 3.
Figs. 2A, 2B each show a construction 31 with a wide, shallow or with a narrow, deep cross-section of the air ducts 5 in which the heating strings 1 or 101 are embedded and which are crossed preferably at an angle of 90 by a further heating string not shown in a lower (Fig. 2A) or a higher (Fig. 2B~ level, similar to the representation in Fig. 1 of heating strings 1 and 101, and which then are clamped in the recesses of the pad profile forming clamp-ing elements provided for this purpose. With the configura-tion according to Fig. 2B two heating strings can also be installed one above the other so that e.g. the delivery and return lines of a heat transport medium are installed one above the other. In this case space is still available bet~een or adjacent to the strings for the air convection.
Here, the heat conductin~ plates 27" exhibit bending 28 of the lateral edges ~ith which they are anchored in slots 29 of the construction 31. These slots can be formed by the grooves 13 or correspond to them. ~ith the construction according to Fig. 2A the heat conducting plate 27" is corrugated at least at its side wings to improve heat re-jection, but a corrugation (possibly in longitudinal in-stead of transverse direction) in the area surrounding heating line inser-ted into -the recess ~ can contribute to clamping in this recess.
~ ~ 8~
Alternatively or additionally, ~or example, small ribs also projecting into the duct from the heat conducting plate can be foreseen to improve the heat rejection~ A further heat conducting plate 6 formi.ng a cover can serve as a base for an attic or a floor cover-ing. A solid and sturdy base i5 created for this plate 6 as well by the good cohesion of the substructure by the clamping effectO With the heat conducting plate 27"
correspondingl~ clamped in the edging 28 is possibly in-dispensable~ Alternatively the existing wings oE the he.at conducting plate can also no-t project out of the duct, but are hooked fast on the two vertical duct walls, and thereby serve as a clamping element.
With the construction 31 according to Figs. 3A and 3B
the heat conducting plates 27 are clamped in the recesses 4 with the .heating lines 1 inst~led in the uppe.r level, whereas in Fig. 3A the. profile 41 of the construction 31 exhibits a rectangular, if desired slightly trape.zoidal upward tapering and conversely in Fig~ 3B an arched cross-section, which in the latter two cases can in any case facilitate removal from the mould in manufacture.
In construction 31 according to Fig~ 4 circular pads 3 (seen in plan vie~ areipresent, whi.ch are arranged such that the heating strings 1 are installed in two levels, as well as clamped between the pads 3 or in their recesses 4, the pad paunches directed toward the heating string 1 forming the clamping elements~ The spaces hetween the pads
3 acts as an air duct 5.
Figs. 5A, SB show two variants oE pad (3.) cons-truction, which in Fig. 5A are furnished with a recess 4 to accommo-date an additional heating striny 5 in a seconcl level, while the pads 3 in Fiy. 5B only permit the clampiny of heatiny strings 1 in a sinyle level. Here, the distance ~
between the two aliynment lines 42 is somewhat smaller than the diameter B of the heatiny strinys 1, the corners o:E the pads shown actiny as clampiny elements~ If desired,heat conducting plates can be used here as well.
Fig. 6 shows a further type of construction with which the air ducts 5 are wound snake-like, whereby the support~
ing surfaces are formed as arched or corrugated pad bands 3. Constructions wi-th and without the use of heat conduct-ing plates are possible here as well as shown by the dash-dot line.
A further development of the above can be seen in Fig. 7, the pads~of which appear to be irregular, but which are formed by the intersection of -two wavy-line ducts 5, so that every fourth pad is actually identicalO For the heat conducting plate 27 or the overflying floor struc-ture improved supporting and greater carrying and walking strength is achieved because even with a heavier load bucklings along the duct are less easily possible.
The plate 2 in Fig. 8 shows two pad-like projections 3, between which the heating line 1 is again clamped in at the corners 4~ because its outer diameter is slightly larger than the distance of the alignment lines of these two projections 3 with the remaining proiections (not shown)iEorming the left and right limitation of the duct accommodating the heating string 1.
Figs. 9 and 10 illustrate (as well as does Fig. 11) al-ternative forms of the installation of heating strings 1, whereas especially the uniform and dense distribution of the heating strings 1 in Fig. 10 assures a correspondingly uniform heat distribution at the surface of the Eloor or of the respective wall. In this contex-t it is mentioned that it is possibly advantageous to foresee dust filters at the ends of the ducts 5 toward the heated room, as will be described later using Fig. 1~. Depending on heat require-ment, in zones of higher heat requirement all the duc-ts given on prefabricated plates 2 by the pads 3 can be occupied or even occupied double, while in zones of low heat requirement individual ducts are occupied only singly or not at all, or only every second and third etc. duct is occupied (c.f.
Figs. 9, 11~. Meandering, snail-like, horizontal and vertical installation is also possible as easily understand-21~3~
able from Figs. 9 to 11. The longitudinal and transverseducts 5 can therewith be of different size and shape, or the duct cross-section can vary in each case as is especiall~ clear from Fiy. 1 and the clamping elements 25.
In addition, there are three different possibilities for attaching the heating strings 1:
- Either the heating string 1 is clamped directly in the recess 4 or the duct 5 without a heat conducting plate being placed in between, - or with a hea-t conducting plate being placed in between, said plate (as plate 27' in Fig~ 1) is either clamped between two pads so that adequacy is found with ~ew prefabricated pieces of short.metal, or - the heat conducting plate also bridges the transverse ducts 5 (c-E. the he.at conducting plate 27 in Figs. 1, 4 and 7), whereby for the one ~art increase.d stability of the substructure. is achieved, for the other part large sections must. b~ cut off -Eor adaptation to the respective room dimensions, involving additional labor and material expenditure.
Acc~rding to Fig. 11 preferably square pad plates 2~ 2a are applied to the floor or the respective ~all or the ceiling of the room and possibly fastened in a known manner ~e.g. on slat grids or similar structures) beEore the heating and/or cooling strings 1, la, lb are installed.
However, the prese.nt innovation is used preferentially w.ith. floor heating systems. A single plate covering the room wall surface could naturally also be used, although such a plate is usually unwieldable. In plan view the pad plates 2, 2a exhibi.t circular pads 3 arranged at equal distances :Erom one another. Although pads with a rounded cross sec-tion in the plan vlew, hence with a circular, oval or rectangular cross-section with rounded-oE.E corners are prefer.red because of the possibility of using th.em as a tem~late with heating coil bends, the~ are by no means absolutely necessary, and the pads can just as well have a square or multi-angle cross-section with sharp edges -as can be seen from the description of the above figures.
With a rounded cross-section, however, not only do these pads 3 act as a template for -the bends l', la' of the heating and/or cooling strings, but the danger of edges breaking is also lessened, and especially with conical configuration of the pads mould removal is facilitated.
If prefabricated pad plates 2, 2a are not used, only the ducts 4, ~a need be cut into polys-tyrol hard foam plates according to the desired path of the heating strings 1, la and lb. According to the present innovation, however, it is foreseen and advantageous that in addition to the ducts ~, 4a etc. for the heating and/or cooling strings 1, la, lb, transverse ducts yielding widened cavities 14 (cf. also Fig. 1) and interconnecting the individual duct sections 4 or 4a be provided, e.g. 5, 5' and 5". Ba~fles are thereby created for the air flow, providing for a more uniform distribution of the heat. Here, the transverse duct 5 in the area of the bends l' and la' are of special importance, because according to experience a different temperature level than other regions of the system is most likely to occur in the area of the bends. Instead of the transverse duct 5, however, only the transverse duct 5' which is also ve~y near the bends l', la' could possibly be foreseen.
~hen pad plates 2 or 2a are not used these transverse ducts 5, 5' or possibly also 5" are to be cut into the wall base or subfloor, e.g. in a polystyrol or polyurethane plate, and they provide for a transverse flow while simul-taneously supporting the overhead wall by the pads 3 remaining in between, said transverse flow producing an improved temperature distribution or heat utilization.
It is simpler for installation, however, to use the pad plates 2, 2a. With the construction according to Fig. 11 staggering of the pads 3 as shown in Figs. 9 and lO
would rather obstruct the formation of a wide stream, all the more because the pad height is not freely optional in every case, for which reason the pad rows are con-figured in the manner shown in Fig. 11.
The heating and/or cooling line 1 is installed such that there are two parallel duct sections 4, ~a. In principle, however, as shown with the heati.ng and/or cooling string la, any type of installation is possible (c:E. Figs. 9 and 10), even say one with which the duct sections stand at an angle to one another as shown in Fig. 9. Only essential for this construction is the fact -tha-t the duct space is thereby expanded, that corresponding transverse ducts 5, 5', 5" are provic]e~ between these duct sections
Figs. 5A, SB show two variants oE pad (3.) cons-truction, which in Fig. 5A are furnished with a recess 4 to accommo-date an additional heating striny 5 in a seconcl level, while the pads 3 in Fiy. 5B only permit the clampiny of heatiny strings 1 in a sinyle level. Here, the distance ~
between the two aliynment lines 42 is somewhat smaller than the diameter B of the heatiny strinys 1, the corners o:E the pads shown actiny as clampiny elements~ If desired,heat conducting plates can be used here as well.
Fig. 6 shows a further type of construction with which the air ducts 5 are wound snake-like, whereby the support~
ing surfaces are formed as arched or corrugated pad bands 3. Constructions wi-th and without the use of heat conduct-ing plates are possible here as well as shown by the dash-dot line.
A further development of the above can be seen in Fig. 7, the pads~of which appear to be irregular, but which are formed by the intersection of -two wavy-line ducts 5, so that every fourth pad is actually identicalO For the heat conducting plate 27 or the overflying floor struc-ture improved supporting and greater carrying and walking strength is achieved because even with a heavier load bucklings along the duct are less easily possible.
The plate 2 in Fig. 8 shows two pad-like projections 3, between which the heating line 1 is again clamped in at the corners 4~ because its outer diameter is slightly larger than the distance of the alignment lines of these two projections 3 with the remaining proiections (not shown)iEorming the left and right limitation of the duct accommodating the heating string 1.
Figs. 9 and 10 illustrate (as well as does Fig. 11) al-ternative forms of the installation of heating strings 1, whereas especially the uniform and dense distribution of the heating strings 1 in Fig. 10 assures a correspondingly uniform heat distribution at the surface of the Eloor or of the respective wall. In this contex-t it is mentioned that it is possibly advantageous to foresee dust filters at the ends of the ducts 5 toward the heated room, as will be described later using Fig. 1~. Depending on heat require-ment, in zones of higher heat requirement all the duc-ts given on prefabricated plates 2 by the pads 3 can be occupied or even occupied double, while in zones of low heat requirement individual ducts are occupied only singly or not at all, or only every second and third etc. duct is occupied (c.f.
Figs. 9, 11~. Meandering, snail-like, horizontal and vertical installation is also possible as easily understand-21~3~
able from Figs. 9 to 11. The longitudinal and transverseducts 5 can therewith be of different size and shape, or the duct cross-section can vary in each case as is especiall~ clear from Fiy. 1 and the clamping elements 25.
In addition, there are three different possibilities for attaching the heating strings 1:
- Either the heating string 1 is clamped directly in the recess 4 or the duct 5 without a heat conducting plate being placed in between, - or with a hea-t conducting plate being placed in between, said plate (as plate 27' in Fig~ 1) is either clamped between two pads so that adequacy is found with ~ew prefabricated pieces of short.metal, or - the heat conducting plate also bridges the transverse ducts 5 (c-E. the he.at conducting plate 27 in Figs. 1, 4 and 7), whereby for the one ~art increase.d stability of the substructure. is achieved, for the other part large sections must. b~ cut off -Eor adaptation to the respective room dimensions, involving additional labor and material expenditure.
Acc~rding to Fig. 11 preferably square pad plates 2~ 2a are applied to the floor or the respective ~all or the ceiling of the room and possibly fastened in a known manner ~e.g. on slat grids or similar structures) beEore the heating and/or cooling strings 1, la, lb are installed.
However, the prese.nt innovation is used preferentially w.ith. floor heating systems. A single plate covering the room wall surface could naturally also be used, although such a plate is usually unwieldable. In plan view the pad plates 2, 2a exhibi.t circular pads 3 arranged at equal distances :Erom one another. Although pads with a rounded cross sec-tion in the plan vlew, hence with a circular, oval or rectangular cross-section with rounded-oE.E corners are prefer.red because of the possibility of using th.em as a tem~late with heating coil bends, the~ are by no means absolutely necessary, and the pads can just as well have a square or multi-angle cross-section with sharp edges -as can be seen from the description of the above figures.
With a rounded cross-section, however, not only do these pads 3 act as a template for -the bends l', la' of the heating and/or cooling strings, but the danger of edges breaking is also lessened, and especially with conical configuration of the pads mould removal is facilitated.
If prefabricated pad plates 2, 2a are not used, only the ducts 4, ~a need be cut into polys-tyrol hard foam plates according to the desired path of the heating strings 1, la and lb. According to the present innovation, however, it is foreseen and advantageous that in addition to the ducts ~, 4a etc. for the heating and/or cooling strings 1, la, lb, transverse ducts yielding widened cavities 14 (cf. also Fig. 1) and interconnecting the individual duct sections 4 or 4a be provided, e.g. 5, 5' and 5". Ba~fles are thereby created for the air flow, providing for a more uniform distribution of the heat. Here, the transverse duct 5 in the area of the bends l' and la' are of special importance, because according to experience a different temperature level than other regions of the system is most likely to occur in the area of the bends. Instead of the transverse duct 5, however, only the transverse duct 5' which is also ve~y near the bends l', la' could possibly be foreseen.
~hen pad plates 2 or 2a are not used these transverse ducts 5, 5' or possibly also 5" are to be cut into the wall base or subfloor, e.g. in a polystyrol or polyurethane plate, and they provide for a transverse flow while simul-taneously supporting the overhead wall by the pads 3 remaining in between, said transverse flow producing an improved temperature distribution or heat utilization.
It is simpler for installation, however, to use the pad plates 2, 2a. With the construction according to Fig. 11 staggering of the pads 3 as shown in Figs. 9 and lO
would rather obstruct the formation of a wide stream, all the more because the pad height is not freely optional in every case, for which reason the pad rows are con-figured in the manner shown in Fig. 11.
The heating and/or cooling line 1 is installed such that there are two parallel duct sections 4, ~a. In principle, however, as shown with the heati.ng and/or cooling string la, any type of installation is possible (c:E. Figs. 9 and 10), even say one with which the duct sections stand at an angle to one another as shown in Fig. 9. Only essential for this construction is the fact -tha-t the duct space is thereby expanded, that corresponding transverse ducts 5, 5', 5" are provic]e~ between these duct sections
4, 4a, the Eormer providing for a -temperature equaliza-tion by means of corresponding transverse circulation in addition to the longitudinal circulation in the ducts 4, 4a.
With the preferred construction shown the pads 3 are ar-ranged such that the distance S between the alignment lines of their side walls does not quite correspond to the thickness of the heating string l, la or lb., but the dis-tance s can also not be q~ite twice. as large as the thick-ness of the heating and/or cooling string so that 2 such lines can possibly be installed next to one anotherO If the distance s is somewhat larger than twice the thickness of the heating and/or cooling string as per the construc-tions already described,~however, these strings can also be clamped and held fast by lateral clamping e.lements 25 or by transversely overlying heating and/or cooling strings or staggered pads 3. Where a less narrow arrangement of the heating and/or cooling s-trings is required, however, it does not matter if - as mentioned above - the ducts formed between the pad rows remain free; these cavities serve ra-ther Eor transverse circulation and can possibly also be ~ree o:~ pads.
OE special advantage is also the installation o~ two heat-ing and/or cooling ]ines in a duct by means of the pad height being selected correspondingly large (cf. height EI in Fig. 12) as can be seen with the strings lc, ld.
With equally large duct cross-section this allows the side walls of the pads to be arranged narrower for clamping the heating line. The distance s times the height H there-.. /~ "
by produce a cross-sectional area for the duct section which, less the cross-sectional area of a string, should be at least twice as large as the latter to assure good air circulation and unobstructed heat transport. It was seen that with atmospheric pressure optimum values are obtained when the free duct cross-section amounts to about four times the cross-section o-f the heating and/or cool-ing string, but with mechanical pump circulation the free duct cross-section can be reduced correspondingly without a loss in efficiency.
Since on the one hand the pad row gaps provided as trans-verse ducts 5', 5" are possibly used Eor installation of the strings (cf. heating and/or cooling string lb), and on the other hand correspondingly wide transverse ducts produce better temperature distribution, -the transverse ducts 5, 5' preferably have a widths' equally large as that of the duct sections 4 or 4a, i.e. the distances s and s' are equally large. This is by no means an absolute re-quirement, however; -these two dimensions s and s' can rather have different magnitudes, while distance s' is generally selected smaller. ~owever, the arrangement can be such that the distance s' is only equal to distance s about at every second row of pads, and in between it is smaller. In this way at least a part of the transverse ducts 5' or 5" can have an equally large cross-section as the duct sections 4 or 4a.
A further measure ~or improved distribution of the temp-erature consists in the pad pla-te 2 being covered with heat conducting material as per Fig. 12 with the plate 6 oE heat conducting material already described with Figs. 2A, 2B, said plates consisting e.g. o~ aluminiurn, of which material the heat conducting plates 27 and 27' consis-t. An attic 7 or a prefabricated part floor, and in the case of only a cooling system being installed (preferably in the ceiling oE the room) only plaster-work can be foreseen above this aluminium plate 6. Alter-natively the covering 6 can consist of heat retaining material, producing a temperature equalization over the operating period, but a covering of heat conducting material is preferred.
/~ ' ~8~
When using the pad plates 2 or 2a it is actually quite possible to extend the plates up to the wall of the room.
But then the f]ow emitting at the end of the duct sec~ion 4 or 4a etc. would be only poorly directed by the pads 3a standing at the edge, and an undesired vor-tex forma-tion which obstructs the heat transport could occurO Add-ed to this is the fact that the emitting air should usually be dlrected upwards with ceiling cooling analogously down-ward~ a short distance along the vertical wall(c~. wall lS m Fig. 14) and frorn the pos:i-tion of the edge pads 3a can only poorly be supplied to the ascending duct 16 (Fig. 14).
For this reason it is preferable for the edge zones to have the pad plates 2, 2a themselves, or - corresponding to an especially expedient construction - special edye plates 8 or ~a (cf. Figs. 12, 13) -Eorm elements 9 or 9a which limit the duct sections 10 or lOa with walls parallel to one another or to the plane of the pad plates 2 or 2a limiting the ducts, as well as to covering 6 and to the duct sections 4, 4a, and finally also to the transverse ducts 5, 5' and 5". Two different edge plates 8 or 8a are shown in Fig. 12 as an example of the configuration of the form e]ements 9 o~ 9a and the associated duct sec-tions 10 or lOa. Here, not absolute but only approximate parallelism of the side walls of these duct sections 10 or lOa as they can be seen in Figs. 11 and 13 (with dashed lines~ is essential. The duct sections 10 or loa of the edge plates 9 or 9a preEerably align with the ducts of the pad plates 2, 2a to avoid flow resistances by div-ersion of the air flow.
For the same reason it is also expedient if the cross-sectional area oE these duct sections 10 or lOa are about equally lar~e as the cross-sectional area oE the ducts 4, 4a or S, 5', 5" of the pad plates 2, 2a allgning with them. In this case however, it is also possible to allocate to a duct, e.y. to duct 4 or 4a, of pad plate 2 several thin duct sections of the edge plate, the cross-sectional area of whlch together expediently corresponds in turn to . .
that of the associated duct 4 or 4a of the pad plate 2.
A number of such thin duct sections 17 is insinuated in Fig. 140 In any case the tempered air flows through these duct sections 10 or loa as shown by the arrow 11 in Fig. 13, and in the case of a heating system upward along this wall as shown in Fig. 14 with the wall 15 and the vertical duct.
It has already been mentioned that the form elements 9 or 9a can also be arranged at the edge of special pad plates. ~owever, installation is simplified iE special edge plates 8 or 8a are foreseen which have a wiclthb corresponding essentially to the width b of the form element, in the construction example shown plus a distance e, by which the transverse duct is formed or widened. With this construction the duct section 10 or lOa thereby ex-tends from the outer edge 12 of-the edge plates 8 or 8a over a length b and ends at distance e in front oE the opposite edge 13 (cf. Fig. 13~. However, it can be desirable for the duct section 10 or lOa to end at a lesser distance from the edge 12, in order to, say, assure a predetermined distance from the room ~all.
It is mentioned that the arrangement of the aluminium plate 6 enlarges the heat conducting surface which is to ~e ventilated via the transverse and longitudinal ducts
With the preferred construction shown the pads 3 are ar-ranged such that the distance S between the alignment lines of their side walls does not quite correspond to the thickness of the heating string l, la or lb., but the dis-tance s can also not be q~ite twice. as large as the thick-ness of the heating and/or cooling string so that 2 such lines can possibly be installed next to one anotherO If the distance s is somewhat larger than twice the thickness of the heating and/or cooling string as per the construc-tions already described,~however, these strings can also be clamped and held fast by lateral clamping e.lements 25 or by transversely overlying heating and/or cooling strings or staggered pads 3. Where a less narrow arrangement of the heating and/or cooling s-trings is required, however, it does not matter if - as mentioned above - the ducts formed between the pad rows remain free; these cavities serve ra-ther Eor transverse circulation and can possibly also be ~ree o:~ pads.
OE special advantage is also the installation o~ two heat-ing and/or cooling ]ines in a duct by means of the pad height being selected correspondingly large (cf. height EI in Fig. 12) as can be seen with the strings lc, ld.
With equally large duct cross-section this allows the side walls of the pads to be arranged narrower for clamping the heating line. The distance s times the height H there-.. /~ "
by produce a cross-sectional area for the duct section which, less the cross-sectional area of a string, should be at least twice as large as the latter to assure good air circulation and unobstructed heat transport. It was seen that with atmospheric pressure optimum values are obtained when the free duct cross-section amounts to about four times the cross-section o-f the heating and/or cool-ing string, but with mechanical pump circulation the free duct cross-section can be reduced correspondingly without a loss in efficiency.
Since on the one hand the pad row gaps provided as trans-verse ducts 5', 5" are possibly used Eor installation of the strings (cf. heating and/or cooling string lb), and on the other hand correspondingly wide transverse ducts produce better temperature distribution, -the transverse ducts 5, 5' preferably have a widths' equally large as that of the duct sections 4 or 4a, i.e. the distances s and s' are equally large. This is by no means an absolute re-quirement, however; -these two dimensions s and s' can rather have different magnitudes, while distance s' is generally selected smaller. ~owever, the arrangement can be such that the distance s' is only equal to distance s about at every second row of pads, and in between it is smaller. In this way at least a part of the transverse ducts 5' or 5" can have an equally large cross-section as the duct sections 4 or 4a.
A further measure ~or improved distribution of the temp-erature consists in the pad pla-te 2 being covered with heat conducting material as per Fig. 12 with the plate 6 oE heat conducting material already described with Figs. 2A, 2B, said plates consisting e.g. o~ aluminiurn, of which material the heat conducting plates 27 and 27' consis-t. An attic 7 or a prefabricated part floor, and in the case of only a cooling system being installed (preferably in the ceiling oE the room) only plaster-work can be foreseen above this aluminium plate 6. Alter-natively the covering 6 can consist of heat retaining material, producing a temperature equalization over the operating period, but a covering of heat conducting material is preferred.
/~ ' ~8~
When using the pad plates 2 or 2a it is actually quite possible to extend the plates up to the wall of the room.
But then the f]ow emitting at the end of the duct sec~ion 4 or 4a etc. would be only poorly directed by the pads 3a standing at the edge, and an undesired vor-tex forma-tion which obstructs the heat transport could occurO Add-ed to this is the fact that the emitting air should usually be dlrected upwards with ceiling cooling analogously down-ward~ a short distance along the vertical wall(c~. wall lS m Fig. 14) and frorn the pos:i-tion of the edge pads 3a can only poorly be supplied to the ascending duct 16 (Fig. 14).
For this reason it is preferable for the edge zones to have the pad plates 2, 2a themselves, or - corresponding to an especially expedient construction - special edye plates 8 or ~a (cf. Figs. 12, 13) -Eorm elements 9 or 9a which limit the duct sections 10 or lOa with walls parallel to one another or to the plane of the pad plates 2 or 2a limiting the ducts, as well as to covering 6 and to the duct sections 4, 4a, and finally also to the transverse ducts 5, 5' and 5". Two different edge plates 8 or 8a are shown in Fig. 12 as an example of the configuration of the form e]ements 9 o~ 9a and the associated duct sec-tions 10 or lOa. Here, not absolute but only approximate parallelism of the side walls of these duct sections 10 or lOa as they can be seen in Figs. 11 and 13 (with dashed lines~ is essential. The duct sections 10 or loa of the edge plates 9 or 9a preEerably align with the ducts of the pad plates 2, 2a to avoid flow resistances by div-ersion of the air flow.
For the same reason it is also expedient if the cross-sectional area oE these duct sections 10 or lOa are about equally lar~e as the cross-sectional area oE the ducts 4, 4a or S, 5', 5" of the pad plates 2, 2a allgning with them. In this case however, it is also possible to allocate to a duct, e.y. to duct 4 or 4a, of pad plate 2 several thin duct sections of the edge plate, the cross-sectional area of whlch together expediently corresponds in turn to . .
that of the associated duct 4 or 4a of the pad plate 2.
A number of such thin duct sections 17 is insinuated in Fig. 140 In any case the tempered air flows through these duct sections 10 or loa as shown by the arrow 11 in Fig. 13, and in the case of a heating system upward along this wall as shown in Fig. 14 with the wall 15 and the vertical duct.
It has already been mentioned that the form elements 9 or 9a can also be arranged at the edge of special pad plates. ~owever, installation is simplified iE special edge plates 8 or 8a are foreseen which have a wiclthb corresponding essentially to the width b of the form element, in the construction example shown plus a distance e, by which the transverse duct is formed or widened. With this construction the duct section 10 or lOa thereby ex-tends from the outer edge 12 of-the edge plates 8 or 8a over a length b and ends at distance e in front oE the opposite edge 13 (cf. Fig. 13~. However, it can be desirable for the duct section 10 or lOa to end at a lesser distance from the edge 12, in order to, say, assure a predetermined distance from the room ~all.
It is mentioned that the arrangement of the aluminium plate 6 enlarges the heat conducting surface which is to ~e ventilated via the transverse and longitudinal ducts
5, 5',5" or 4, 4a. It is noted that the pad 3 to support this plate 6 need not be of socle configuration as shown but that other con~igurations of these stays, possibly a rail shape, are also possible. Especially when the pad plates are made of metal (favoring the temperature c1is-tribution) can the pads produced by deep drawing can also be of conical stub shape. It has also already been mentioned that when rnanufactured oE other materials this form facili-tates from-the removal mould. A further possibility is the in-stallation of stays on an even plate spaced as desired as will be discussed later using Fig. 14. The aluminium plate
6 or a heat retaining cover, possibly bo-th, especially one above the other, can then be arranged above the stays.
It can ~urthermore be desirable to arrange the duct sec-tions 10 or lOa oblique to the longitudinal axis of the ducts 4 or 4a, for example several such seetions plane-shaped, but preferably extending upward or downward (with cooling). Althou~h it is preferred, such duct sec-tions 10 must not unconditionally, as shown in Fig. ll, also be alloeated to the transverse duets 5, 5', 5".
In Fig. 14 again a preferred applieation of the innova-tion is illustrated, namely with the heating system of a room. In the extension of the room 18 a duet 16 was left free in the vertieal wall 15 for this purpose ancl stays l9 instaLled at least at two edges of the room, whieh can be formed e.y. from eorresponding edge ~lates similar to -the ~lates 8 or ~a. In this ease an edge spaeing e (ef. Fig. 13) is su~erfluous as discussed below, so that the form elements 9a ~ith their duct sections lOa oeeupy the entire wid-th of the edge plates l~. If desired, the aforementioned dust filters ean then be aeeommodated inside the duet 16.
Either an e.g. ~refabrieated, ~laster ~late 20 ean ~e in-stalled on the edge ~lates l9 as shown, or the floor strueture ~ith I beams 21,a eover plate 6 and the attie 7 moves (relating to Fig. 14) to the left and ~artially limits the vertieal duet 16, while the plaster plate 20 moves agalnst it. The I-beams 21 are necessray because wi-th this design a single large cavity 23 is provided between subfloor 22 and floor structure 6, 7, and 21 which permit air eireula-tion not only in the main flow direction ~rom one end to the due-t sec-tions lOa o~
the other end, but in the transverse direc-tion as well, so that temperature equali~ation inside -the cavity 23 ls easily obtained. To facilita-te thls transverse cir-culatlon clucts sirnilar to the vertical duct 16 can be provided in the other walls as well, and e.g. thin duct sections 17 to connect the cavity 23 with such lateraL
vertical cluc-ts can be seen in Fig. 14, which can, for e~ample also lead to the neighbouring room.
~ ., Since the cavity 23 offers sufficient space, instead of an elongated heating string a surface heater with an only schematically insinuated heating plate or mat le can also be foreseen, also providing a more uniform and lower-loss heating. Naturally, however, radiator-type heating ele~ents can also be arranged in a cavity 23, through the duct system of which a cooling medium can be transported instead of the heating medium, in which case the radiator ribs preferably serve as stays for the cover 6 or similar objects and are hence expediently not sharp-edged in the conventional manner, but configured with a widened bearing surface upward and downward (when being installed in floor or ceiling).
To avoid a heat bulldup below the surface heater le with possible losses toward the subfloor 22 the heater is pre-ferably arranged in a known manner raised above the sub-floor, resulting in ventilation from below as well. For this purpose stay pads 3b are distributed around the edge of the surface he.ater le which are provided with shoulders 24 to support the surface heater le. In th.is way th.ese stay pads 3b perform multiple functions by supporting the sur-face heater le on the. one hand and the beams 21 on the other, but they also act as baffles for the passing alr flow.
It has already been mentioned that mechanical circulation of the air can be of advantage,for which. the circula-tion pump can then be accommodated in one of the vertical ducts 16D This is especially advantageous if a portion of fresh air is also to be added, all the more because for this purpose only a small opening in the wall 15 is re-quired.
In the scope of the innovation numerous different construc-tions are possible; observing the clamping element 25 in Fig. 1 .it can be realized, for example, that it is generally possible to configure the side surfaces of the pads 3 with a profile ~orming a clamping element, e.g.
wavy- or zigzag-shaped. Moreover, the circular (seen from above)projections 3 can also be arranged accord-ing to Figs. 4, 9 or 10 or unstaggered as in Fig. 11 but correspondingly narrow to exert a clamping action.
It is also possible for the pad bands 3 as per Fig. 6 to be made of heat conducting material or preferably of heat retaining materialO It is also apparent that details of the constructions shown in the various figures can be combined with one another, for example clamping elements or heat conducting plates in a duct space fitted with baffles. The recesses 4 can also be slightl~ stag-gered and arranged and conEigured in a wavy or zig-zagged manner such that clamping is thereby effecte~ It is irrelevant ~hether the medium passing through the lines 1 is a heating or a cooling medium, or whether the heat is furnished by heating lines or plates (cf. Fiy. 14).
It can ~urthermore be desirable to arrange the duct sec-tions 10 or lOa oblique to the longitudinal axis of the ducts 4 or 4a, for example several such seetions plane-shaped, but preferably extending upward or downward (with cooling). Althou~h it is preferred, such duct sec-tions 10 must not unconditionally, as shown in Fig. ll, also be alloeated to the transverse duets 5, 5', 5".
In Fig. 14 again a preferred applieation of the innova-tion is illustrated, namely with the heating system of a room. In the extension of the room 18 a duet 16 was left free in the vertieal wall 15 for this purpose ancl stays l9 instaLled at least at two edges of the room, whieh can be formed e.y. from eorresponding edge ~lates similar to -the ~lates 8 or ~a. In this ease an edge spaeing e (ef. Fig. 13) is su~erfluous as discussed below, so that the form elements 9a ~ith their duct sections lOa oeeupy the entire wid-th of the edge plates l~. If desired, the aforementioned dust filters ean then be aeeommodated inside the duet 16.
Either an e.g. ~refabrieated, ~laster ~late 20 ean ~e in-stalled on the edge ~lates l9 as shown, or the floor strueture ~ith I beams 21,a eover plate 6 and the attie 7 moves (relating to Fig. 14) to the left and ~artially limits the vertieal duet 16, while the plaster plate 20 moves agalnst it. The I-beams 21 are necessray because wi-th this design a single large cavity 23 is provided between subfloor 22 and floor structure 6, 7, and 21 which permit air eireula-tion not only in the main flow direction ~rom one end to the due-t sec-tions lOa o~
the other end, but in the transverse direc-tion as well, so that temperature equali~ation inside -the cavity 23 ls easily obtained. To facilita-te thls transverse cir-culatlon clucts sirnilar to the vertical duct 16 can be provided in the other walls as well, and e.g. thin duct sections 17 to connect the cavity 23 with such lateraL
vertical cluc-ts can be seen in Fig. 14, which can, for e~ample also lead to the neighbouring room.
~ ., Since the cavity 23 offers sufficient space, instead of an elongated heating string a surface heater with an only schematically insinuated heating plate or mat le can also be foreseen, also providing a more uniform and lower-loss heating. Naturally, however, radiator-type heating ele~ents can also be arranged in a cavity 23, through the duct system of which a cooling medium can be transported instead of the heating medium, in which case the radiator ribs preferably serve as stays for the cover 6 or similar objects and are hence expediently not sharp-edged in the conventional manner, but configured with a widened bearing surface upward and downward (when being installed in floor or ceiling).
To avoid a heat bulldup below the surface heater le with possible losses toward the subfloor 22 the heater is pre-ferably arranged in a known manner raised above the sub-floor, resulting in ventilation from below as well. For this purpose stay pads 3b are distributed around the edge of the surface he.ater le which are provided with shoulders 24 to support the surface heater le. In th.is way th.ese stay pads 3b perform multiple functions by supporting the sur-face heater le on the. one hand and the beams 21 on the other, but they also act as baffles for the passing alr flow.
It has already been mentioned that mechanical circulation of the air can be of advantage,for which. the circula-tion pump can then be accommodated in one of the vertical ducts 16D This is especially advantageous if a portion of fresh air is also to be added, all the more because for this purpose only a small opening in the wall 15 is re-quired.
In the scope of the innovation numerous different construc-tions are possible; observing the clamping element 25 in Fig. 1 .it can be realized, for example, that it is generally possible to configure the side surfaces of the pads 3 with a profile ~orming a clamping element, e.g.
wavy- or zigzag-shaped. Moreover, the circular (seen from above)projections 3 can also be arranged accord-ing to Figs. 4, 9 or 10 or unstaggered as in Fig. 11 but correspondingly narrow to exert a clamping action.
It is also possible for the pad bands 3 as per Fig. 6 to be made of heat conducting material or preferably of heat retaining materialO It is also apparent that details of the constructions shown in the various figures can be combined with one another, for example clamping elements or heat conducting plates in a duct space fitted with baffles. The recesses 4 can also be slightl~ stag-gered and arranged and conEigured in a wavy or zig-zagged manner such that clamping is thereby effecte~ It is irrelevant ~hether the medium passing through the lines 1 is a heating or a cooling medium, or whether the heat is furnished by heating lines or plates (cf. Fiy. 14).
Claims (28)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. System for tempering a room, with at least one duct space in a closure of the room, and at least one tempering device extending through duct space, whereas air can be circulated in said duct space, wherein at least one baffle is installed in the duct space said baffle deflecting or diverting the air from its main flow direction defined by the connection of the intake opening with that of the discharge opening, and whereas the duct space is limited on its side facing the room by a known type of covering of heat conducting or heat retaining material.
2. System as claimed in claim 1, in which the duct space discharging into the room exhibits at least two duct sections, especially parallel to one another, and in which each said baffle forms at least one transverse duct connecting the duct sections.
3. System as claimed in claim 2, in which the duct space discharging into the room, as well as the transverse ducts, are limited on two sides perpendicular to one another by at least one plate of known type having baffles constructed as stays and arranged in predetermined distances to one another, of rounded cross-section in plan view.
4. System as claimed in claim 3, in which the baffles are of a pad-type and are spaced from one another such that the alignment lines of their side walls which run about perpendicular to the plate plane are separated by a distance corresponding at least to the thickness of the heating and/or cooling line.
5. System as claimed in claim 4, in which the distance between the alignment lines and the height of the baffles form a duct space, the cross-sectional area of which is at least twice as large as that of the heating and/or cooling line.
6. System as claimed in claim 5, in which the height of the baffles is at least twice as large as the thickness of the heating and/or cooling line.
7. System as claimed in claim 6, in which at least one transverse duct is provided in the area of a bend of the heating and/or cooling line or near this area.
8. System as claimed in claim 7, in which the duct space is mechanically ventilated with longitudinal and transverse circula-tion at least in the main flow direction in a known manner using a circulation pump.
9. System as claimed in claim 8, in which at least one duct section is provided at the edge of the duct space with longitu-dinal and transverse circulation, and at the edge of a plate are provided with baffles of rounded cross-section in plan view, said duct section being limited toward the discharge of the duct space by side walls which are essentially parallel to one another or to the duct longitudinal axis.
10. System as claimed in claim 9, in which at least a part of the transverse ducts also has an intake and discharge in the or a room.
11. System as claimed in any one of claims 3, 7 or 9, in which at least a part of the transverse ducts, has a cross-sectional area equally as large as the longitudinal duct.
12. Construction for a tempering system, for a floor radia-tion and convection heating system, consisting of a) a plate furnished with projections, between the projec-tions of which at least one duct space with air passage is formed, and b) at least one string-type tempering device extending in recesses of the plate, said tempering device consisting of a heating line, and c) a covering resting on the projections, in which at least one recess of the plate itself, or a lining thereof, accommodating a line shaped tempering device includes a closure on at least one side provided with clamping elements.
13. Construction as claimed in claim 12, in which the out-side diameter of the string-type tempering device or of the con-ducting plate enclosing said tempering device at least partly, is slightly larger than the distance between the alignment lines of the limitation of the recess provided for the installation of said device.
14. Construction as claimed in claim 13, in which the recess provided for installation of the string-type tempering device is a duct space extending in a wavy or zigzag shape as seen from above.
15. Construction as claimed in claim 14, in which at least two wavy- or zigzag-shaped duct spaces intersect.
16. Construction as claimed in claim 15, in which pad-type projections are arranged on the plate to form the clamping elements and in which these pad-type projections consist of heat retaining material.
17. Construction as claimed in claim 16, in which a recess arranged in an angle to the air-passage duct space on the upper side of the projections and furnished with or limited by lateral clamping elements is provided for installation of the line-shaped tempering device.
18. Construction as claimed in claim 17, in which the cross-section of the duct space is expanded at that point at which it is intersected by the heating and/or cooling line.
19. Construction as claimed in claim 18, in which the heat conducting plate only covers the surface of the projections.
20. Construction as claimed in claim 18, in which the heat conducting plate bridges the duct space.
21. Construction as claimed in claim 20, in which the sur-faces of the projections supporting the clamping elements are furnished with grooves which extend uninterrupted from one edge to the other.
22. Construction as claimed in any one of claims 19, 20 or 21, in which - for purposes of clamping - a second heating and/or cooling line extends above a first heating and/or cooling line, said second heating and/or cooling line being installed at a height corresponding to the diameter of the first line.
23. A system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the duct space is formed in the floor of the room.
24. A system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the cross-sectional area of the duct space is at least four times as large as that of the heating and/or cooling line.
25. A system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the duct space is ventilated with at least a portion of fresh air.
26. A construction as claimed in claim 12, wherein the pro-jections are of insulating material and the covering resting on the projections comprises a pressure distributing layer.
27. A construction as claimed in claim 16, wherein the pad-type projections are staggered.
28. A construction as claimed in any one of claims 19, 20 or 21 in which - for purposes of clamping - a second heating and/or cooling line extends above a first heating and/or cooling line, perpendicularly thereto, said second heating and/or cooling line being installed at a height corresponding to the diameter of the first line.
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT0344381A AT373993B (en) | 1981-08-04 | 1981-08-04 | SYSTEM FOR TEMPERATURE A ROOM |
| AT3443/81 | 1981-08-04 | ||
| AT0174782A AT381160B (en) | 1982-05-04 | 1982-05-04 | STRUCTURE FOR RADIATION AND CONVECTION FLOOR HEATING |
| AT1747/82 | 1982-05-04 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1181280A true CA1181280A (en) | 1985-01-22 |
Family
ID=25596703
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000408635A Expired CA1181280A (en) | 1981-08-04 | 1982-08-03 | System for tempering a room |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0097653B1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU564529B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1181280A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE3266838D1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1983000544A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT1170251B (en) * | 1982-11-18 | 1987-06-03 | Manfred Fennesz | PLANT FOR THE CONDITIONING OF AN ENVIRONMENT |
| US4576221A (en) * | 1983-11-21 | 1986-03-18 | Manfred Fennesz | System for tempering a room |
| CH665667A5 (en) * | 1984-03-06 | 1988-05-31 | Manfred Fennesz | INSULATING PLATE ARRANGEMENT. |
| AT408908B (en) * | 1998-07-03 | 2002-04-25 | Sommerhuber Keramik Ges M B H | ELEMENT FOR A SYSTEM FOR THE AIR CONDITIONING, IN PARTICULAR HEATING, OF ROOMS |
| WO2002016832A1 (en) * | 2000-08-18 | 2002-02-28 | Hokko Sohgoh Kaihatsu K.K. | Floor heater, thermal siphon heat pipe, and method of manufacturing heat pipe |
| DE102010004947B4 (en) * | 2010-01-18 | 2022-10-06 | Viega Technology Gmbh & Co. Kg | Distribution plate for a climate floor and distribution plate set |
| DE202011106736U1 (en) * | 2011-10-13 | 2013-01-14 | herotec GmbH Flächenheizung | Plate element for the production of surface heating |
| DE202012104475U1 (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2014-02-25 | herotec GmbH Flächenheizung | Plate element for the production of surface heating |
| GB2585948B (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2023-09-13 | Warmup Plc | Temperature control system |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2248228C3 (en) * | 1972-10-02 | 1980-12-18 | Hans Dr.-Ing. 7410 Reutlingen Lutz | Liquid surface heating for floors |
| CH606925A5 (en) * | 1975-08-21 | 1978-11-30 | Elias Jiri | |
| DE2604782C3 (en) * | 1976-02-07 | 1979-01-18 | Dier Geb. Neurohr, Irmgard, 6680 Neunkirchen | Plate-shaped heating and / or cooling unit for installation in ceilings, floors and walls |
| SE7613694L (en) * | 1976-12-06 | 1978-06-07 | Platell Ove Bertil | DEVICE FOR TRANSFER OF HEAT. |
| CH617999A5 (en) * | 1977-04-07 | 1980-06-30 | Protherm Ag | Plate-shaped structural element for radiant heating systems |
-
1982
- 1982-08-03 EP EP82902443A patent/EP0097653B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-08-03 DE DE8282902443T patent/DE3266838D1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-08-03 DE DE8237053U patent/DE8237053U1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-08-03 WO PCT/EP1982/000162 patent/WO1983000544A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1982-08-03 AU AU87699/82A patent/AU564529B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1982-08-03 CA CA000408635A patent/CA1181280A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0097653A1 (en) | 1984-01-11 |
| DE3266838D1 (en) | 1985-11-14 |
| EP0097653B1 (en) | 1985-10-09 |
| WO1983000544A1 (en) | 1983-02-17 |
| DE8237053U1 (en) | 1985-05-09 |
| AU564529B2 (en) | 1987-08-13 |
| AU8769982A (en) | 1983-02-22 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEC | Expiry (correction) | ||
| MKEX | Expiry |