CA1173136A - Continuous web registration - Google Patents
Continuous web registrationInfo
- Publication number
- CA1173136A CA1173136A CA000381295A CA381295A CA1173136A CA 1173136 A CA1173136 A CA 1173136A CA 000381295 A CA000381295 A CA 000381295A CA 381295 A CA381295 A CA 381295A CA 1173136 A CA1173136 A CA 1173136A
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- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract 16
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract 14
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 claims 17
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims 14
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 10
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 claims 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 8
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims 7
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 claims 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 239000003550 marker Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 claims 3
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- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
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Abstract
CONTINUOUS WEB REGISTRATION
Abstract A web structure with electromagnetic radiation shifting indicia is disclosed. The indicia provide signals used in controlling various processes to be performed on the web as well as for controlling movement of the web. The preferred indicia are normally essentially invisible so that the physical appearance of the web is not affected. The indicia emit wave-shifted electromagnetic radiation in response to incident radiation of a given range to provide a means for determining the positioning of the web during movement as the processes are performed. Process and apparatus for making and using such webs are also disclosed.
Abstract A web structure with electromagnetic radiation shifting indicia is disclosed. The indicia provide signals used in controlling various processes to be performed on the web as well as for controlling movement of the web. The preferred indicia are normally essentially invisible so that the physical appearance of the web is not affected. The indicia emit wave-shifted electromagnetic radiation in response to incident radiation of a given range to provide a means for determining the positioning of the web during movement as the processes are performed. Process and apparatus for making and using such webs are also disclosed.
Description
1 ~731~6 8-170 Description Continuous Web Registration Technical Field This invention relates generally to the encoding 5 of control information to a substantially continuous web of materials and manufacturing methods and apparatus utilizing such encoded webs. More particularly, the invention relates to a system which is especially adapted for use with webs for use in 10 packa9ing and other applications.
Background Art Continuous plastic webs are manufactured for many purposes. As an example, chains of interconnected open bags such as those described and 15 claimed in U-S. Patent No. 3,254,828 to Hershey Lerner have been sold successfully under the trademark AUTOBAG. As another example, plastic mailing envelopes made from webs such as those disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,641,733 to Hershey 20 Lerner have been sold succeasfully under the trademark ZIP-VELOPE. In the manufacture of both the AUTOBAG and ZIP-VELOPE products, a web of plastic is first printed to provide identifying information and an attractive appearance. In subsequent manufactur-25 ing operations transverse seals are formed between two layers of the web. In the case of commercially produced AUTOBAG products, spaced transverse perfora-tions are formed to provide lines of weakness for separation of the bags from the web.
Chains of interconnected bottle labels have also been produced in quantity. A label chain is in the form of a plastic tube which is perforated between each adjacent pair of labels to allow each label to be separated from the chain and placed around a blow-35 molded plastic, or similar, bottle.
In the manufacture of webs of material s~lch as chains of bags or labels and strips of envelopes, it l 17313 is important that manufacturing operations ~e accurately located along the web. As an example, the transverse seals obviously should be between adjacent bags or envelopes and not in central portions of them. Accord-5 ingly, it is important to accurately register the webwith work stations on the machine performing operations on the web.
While there is reasonable latitude or tolerance in the location of any given operation on a web, there 10 is a cumulative error problem which must be considered~
For example, if each seal in an AUTOBAG web is mislocated by .001 of an inch so that each bag being formed is longer than it should be by that amount, and this error is allowed to repeat each time a bag is formed 15 without error corrections, by the time the 1000th bag is formed the seal will be misregistered by one inch.
Obviously, if one is transforming a printed web into a chain of bags, a strip of envelopes, or a string of labels such cumulative error cannot be tolerated.
The cumulative error problem is exacerbated when the web is plastic because plastics tend to stretch.
Since it is virtually impossible to maintain constant web tension during printing and other manufacturing operations, stretching not only occurs but it occurs 25 unevenlY-Because of the cumulative error problem, it iscustomary to repeatedly register the web with stations where manufacturing operations are to be performed.
One known technique is to provide clear spaces in a 30 web between the repetitive printed indicia which spaces function as "windows". A registration mark of some type is im~ inted in the window. An optical detector is positioned to cyclically view the web. If the eguipment is adjusted and functioning properly, each 35 viewing of a cycle is concurrent with the passage of one of the windows past the detector. The detector ~I73136 senses the registration mark and causes the manufactur-ing operation to occur at a time coordinated with this sensing.
When printed decorative and informative indicia 5 on the web is passing the detector, the detector is "blinded" so that it will not see and be confused by the imprinted indicia. Expressed another way, a detec-tor should be turned off as decorative and informative indicia passes it and turned on when the detector is 10 registered with a window.
A major problem with a cyclical detector which is "blinded" in each cycle is that if the web is out of registration so that the detector is operative when the decorative and informative indicia are under 15 the detector, the detector emits erroneous signals and the machine will produce scrap. Thus, machine set-up, and the restoration of appropriate registration if the machine gets out of synchronism, is time-consum-ing and difficult.
The effectiveness of traditional registration marks for controlling operations even on essentially a clear web; that is a web which is not printed except for the visible ~eye~ marks, is also limited in respect to accuracy of detection. The accurate detection of 25 such registration marks is dependent on either the largeness of the mark or, in the case of a small mark, the accuracy with which the detector is registered upon the fluctuating paths in which the marks travel.
The accurate detection of traditional eye marks affixed 30 to a plastic or other flexible, strechable, el ~ tic web requires either; (a) a large eye mark to insure the passage of at least some portion of each mark underneath a stationary detector or, (b) in the case of small eye marks, a sophisticated detector tracking 35 apparatus to insure the consistent registration of the detector upon the fluctuating paths of the moving ma~ks.
1 ~ 731 ~
Another known approach to maintaining appro~ iate registration between a web and various work stations is to provide a marginal registration strip with ~ inted or other registration markings. While such an approach 5 can simplify machine set up and registration, as com-pared with the cyclically blinded detector approach, the strip is trimed off and becomes scrap so this process is wasteful.
A variation in the technique for controlling the 10 web movement with a removable strip employs gaps or holes positioned along the strip as position indicators for the web. The presence of the gap is detected by a spark-gap detector which completes a circuit by causing a spark to traverse the gap. In this way the 15 presence or absence of gaps or holes along the web is indicated to control circuitry which in turn is used for maneuvering the web.
The spark-gap system for web control also has deficiencies. In order to cc~plete a circuit with 20 the use of a spark, it is necessary that a relatively high voltage be maintained between two portions of the spark-gap detector. In some environments, this can be very undesirable. For example, moisture can cause either a malfunction of the spark-gap detector 25 or can provide a path of low electrical resistance which results in a false signal.
A second problem encountered with spark-gap detec-tors is that the detector cannot tell the difference between intentionally and unintentionally formed gaps 30 or holes. If the control circuitry is activated by the presence of a rip in the registration strip of the web, control functions will be unsynchronized and web material will be wasted.
It has been suggested that magnetization of an 35 area directly on the web with a decorative coating printed over the magnetized area can be used to provide - ` ~173136 a non-visible control function to the moving web.
Magnetized areas are susceptible to detection by various known -techniques and have been proposed for providing control coordination. A magnetized area, however, 5 can be affected by its environment in an adverse manner.
Electric and magnetic fields in the area of the moving web could create a condition where the detector would not detect the màgnetized area and controlled coordina-tion of movement would be lost. Further, if the 10 magnetized area is placed directly upon the web it is virtually impossible, if not totally so, to hide the magnetized area with a printing overlay and with clear webs the area will be visible from the other side of the web. Thus, a magnetized area detracts fron an lS intended and desired attractive appearance.
Another problem with prior web registration techniques has been that it has been usually necessary to provide some different form of web registration system when the web is used than the system employed 20 in manufactuirng the web. For example, if a removable registration strip was employed, that strip is not present when the user is labeling vessels or unloading and sealing bags or envelopes. In commercial machines for loading and sealing AUTCBAG products, spark gap 25 detection has been employed. This has to some extent limited the application of such machines because obviously they cannot be used in explosive or very wet environments. Further, spark-gap detection can present service and other problems.
With the system described and claimed in the previously referenced envelope machine patent for unloading and sealing envelopes, each envelope is mechanically registered at the load station. While the machine and the system described have enjoyed 35 good commercial success, greater productive capacity than can be achieved with that mechanical registration is decired.
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There have been prop~sals to use visible light detectors in conjunction with materials which absorb ultraviolet light and emit visible light, for registra-tion of work operations. However, until now, there 5 have been no proposals which suggest the use of a wave shift sensitive detector in conjunction with electromagnetic wave shifting control indicia which emit either visible or invisible electromagnetic radia-tion for registration of work operations. Neither 10 has anyone suggested the use of non visible electro-magnetic wave shifting indicia in a repetitive pattern for control of repetitive work operations on a web.
Perhaps more importantly no one has suggested a web control which both permits ccmplete freedom of 15 choice in web decoration, lack of decoration, and/or the application of informative printing which does not suffer any of the described short comings of "blinded" detectors, hole or gap detection, or a wasted control strip. Thus, there have been no successful 20 proposals for flexible web feed control which are universally useful both in web manufacture and use because all such proposals have had shortcomings such as adversely affecting the appearance of the web.
Moreover, even if feasible, little if any use has 25 been made of the same registration techniques for both manufacture and use of a tape or other web, at least with plastic bags, labels and envelopes.
Disclosure of the Invention The present invention overcomes difficulties 30 encountered with prior art web control techniques by treating the web to provide spaced control signal forming or locating portions with invisible components for signal e~ission as an integral part of the web.
These control signal markings or patterns are applied 35 to the web and waste is eliminated because the whole web can be utilized in the final product. Since the ~ ~73~36 control signals preferred are non-visible to the human eye the physical appearance of the web or product is in no way limited to the configuration or appearance of decorative and/or informative information applied 5 to the web. The non-visible markings which are Fref-erably transparent can be applied at any portion of the web without regard to the physical appearance of the design on the web.
The ~ocating portions respond to energy of pre-10 determined characteristics directed to the web in amanner different than the respDnse of other portions.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention a web of material has an transparent pattern of material which emits wavelength shifted radiation in response to 15 relatively high intensity electromagnetic radiation of an appropriate range of the spectrum. When the electromagnetic radiation of the appropriate wavelength range of the spectrum is shone on the web, the wave-length shifting causes a shift in wavelength and it 20 emits relatively high intensity electromagnetic radia-tion which is in a different spectrum range.
A major advantage of electrcmagnetic wavelength shifting markings which are not visible to the human eye but produce wavelength shifted radiation in response 25 to incident electromagnetic radiation is that it is possible to use a detector system which responds to the wavelength shifted radiation and not to ambient or reflected radiation. Thus, such a detector is not affected by reflections from the web or decorative 30 and informative printing on the web so the entire surface of the web can be clear or printed and no timer strip or "window" is required.
A major reason the detector is unaffected by the reflections is that in a typical modern industrial 35 environment low intensity lighting is provided. Any given type of light used in an industrial environment ~7313~
provides radiation of relatively low intensities which are readily distinguishable from the high intensity emission of the indicia even when reflections and emissions are of the same or similar wavelengths.
5 Electromagnetic wave shifting material used in the control markings or indicia of this invention are selected from those which emit electromagnetic energy in relatively high intensities in response to stimula-tion by relatively high intensity radiation. The lOwave shifted radiation is significantly differen~
from reflected radiation in the sense that the intensity is sufficiently different to enable ready detection.
As an example Kodak ~.R. 125, a laser dye, emits electromagnetic radiation of about 9400 angstroms 15when exposed to incident radiation of about 7950 angstroms. While 9400 angstrom electromagnetic radia-tion is present in the illumination from typical in-dustrial lighting, the web nonetheless can be decorated in any manner desired and reflections from the web 20which may include 9400 angstrom radiation will not cause false detector signals. Accordingly a detector sensitive to high intensity 9400 angstrom electromag-netic radiation is able to sense the presence of the indicia while continuously viewing the web without 25 danger of emitting false signals.
The pattern of wave shifting material can either be intermittent or continuous and is arranged to contain information which is used in controlling functions performed on the web. The information is used in 30conjunction with other control devices which are activated by signals from the web each of which in-dicates a given control portion is at a predetermiend location along a path of web travel.
A control station for detection of signals from 35the web includes a source of high intensity, indicia stimulating electromagnetic radiation which causes , ~7313~
the web markings to emit wave shifted radiation and a detecting system which detects the wavelength shifted radiation and converts the electromagnetic radiation from that material into electrical signals. The detec-5 tion system ~ eferably includes a filtration system to exclude reflected electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths other than the wavelength band of the radiation emitted by the markings so that, among other things, reflections from the high intensity source 10 are filtered out.
A preferred detection system is responsive to an r essentially non-visible pattern in the form of markings which emit wavelength shifted electromagnetic radiation.
This detection system includes a filter whicn transmits 15 indicia emitted wave shifted radiation in a range of the spectrum to a detector but transmits essentially no reflected radiation of certain other wavelength ranges.
One advantage this system has over prior art 20 control systems is the utilization of a pattern which can be applied directly to the web and which contains information useful in controlling web movements. Since the pattern of information normally is invisible to the eye the information containing material can be 25 used in conjunction with designs or logos of any size, shape and nature without disrupting their appearance.
Again, the pattern of information contained within the wavelength shifting material may be continuous or intermittent. For some applications a repetitive, 30spaced strips of wave shifting material will be ade~uate for producing control information. In other applica-tions it may be desirable to apply a continuous pattern of material to the web which pattern contains much more information than the spaced strips could contain.
3sIt is therefore an advantage to the system that the markings are invisible to the eye and allow great ~7313~
flexibility in the manner and presentation of the information on the web. Depending upon the functions to be controlled, the pattern of information containing material placed on the web may be either complex or 5 simple The invention has additional utility as a means of quality control in packaging. A specific control mark can be applied to both a product and to a packa~e for that product. Only when both product and package 10 are sensed at an appropriate work station is the packag-ing step performed.
In addition to controlling manufacturing processes the wavelength shifting marks can be used for identi-fication purposes. When applied to a product the 15 marks can uniquely identify the product and help avoid mistaken and/or intentional substitution of an inferior or unsuitable product. In order to decrease the chance of the pattern being counterfeited, it is desirable both that the non-visible mark pattern be complex and 20 that the mark pattern emit non-visible electromagnetic radiation.
From the above it is apparent that the present invention includes a number of advantageous character-istics for enhancing the efficiency and reliability 25 of web control. No waste of a side or edge strip of tear-off material limits the efficiency of the preset system. Any design or appearance of the web is un-affected by the application of an invisible control signal to the web itself.
Utilization of an invisible control signal allows for a standardized design of information containing material regardless of the physical appearance of the web. Thus, the control slgnal design need not be changed when webs of differing physical appearance 35 are substituted and since a standardized control can be used, the web control system need not be modified ~17313~
for every change of web design. Moreover, the appli-cation of an invisible web control to the web allows registration of the web during manufacture and during use with comparable systems using the same invisible 5 control signal markings.
From the above, it is clear that one object of the present invention is to provide a simple yet ef-ficient means for applying and utilizing invisible control signals on a web. These signals do not disrupt 10 the pattern of the web yet emit wave shifted radiation in the presence of incident electromagnetic radiation in a particular portion of the spectrum to produce outputs which can be readily detected at a control station.
Other objects and features of the present inven-tion will become better understood when considered in conjunction with the drawings and detailed description of a preferred embodiment which follows.
Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 diagrammatically shows a system for making a chain of bags or the like;
Figure 2 shows a web produced with the Figure 1 system including essentially invisible indicia;
Figure 3 diagrammatically shows a system for 25 using the bags made with the system of Figure l;
Figures 4 and 5 are partially sectioned elevational views of a detector for controlling fabrication or use of the web disclosed in Figure 2 by detecting the presence of the indicias.
Figure 6 shows control circuitry mounted within the detector for generating control signals in response to the detecting of the markings.
Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention ~eferring to Figure 1, a bag making operation is 35 shown diagrammatically. In that operation a tubular printed web 10 is fed from a supply roll 11. The web 117~1~6 10 passes over tensioning rolls 13-16 and thence to a sealer station 18. An indicia responsive seal control detector is illustrated at 20. The machine, other than the detector and a control mechanism 21 which 5 responds to its signals is of known construction and therefore not shown other than diagrammatically.
To simplify the disclosure, the printing of the web 10 has not been shown. This printing can be ac-complished conventionally except for the imprinting 10 of the novel indicia of this invention. Since the preferred indicia on a multi-colored web will be super-imposed over other printing in many instances, the other printing may be applied first and then the indicia registered relative to that other printing by conven-15 tional techniques. In that event, all subsequentprinting operation are then desirably controlled by detection and control corresponding to that used in the illustrated bag manufacturing operations.
Preferably, especially where precise registration 20 is required, the first printing operation will imprint printing machine control indicia which are used to control subsequent printing. If these indicia are overprinted by such subsequent printing, further indicia are applied, when the preferred material is used, so 25 that the finished product will have use control indicia on an outer surface of the web.
At the seal station 18, transverse seals are formed at regularly spaced intervals to delineate the ends of the interconnected bagsO The sealer 18 includes 30 a relatively soft roll 23 about which the web is tightly wrapped. The sealer 18 also includes a shuttle 24 having a heated resistive element 25 extending essen-tially from one side of the roll 23 to the other.
When the heated element 25 is brought into contact 35 with the web 10 to press the web against the roll 23 a transverse heat seal 26 (Figure 2) is formed. The 1 17313~ l timing of the engagement of the element 25 with the strip is chosen so that proper end seal spacings will be provided. This is controlled by the detector and control 20, 21 as will be described.
After the end seals have been formed, the strip passes over a tensioning roll 27 and then to a perforat-ing station 28. The perforating station 28 includes a roll 29. The roll 29 has a cylindrical b~dy p~rtion 30 having a toothed knife 32 extending from one side 10 of the roll to the other. The knife acts against a backup roll 33 to puncture the superimposed layers of the tubular web 10. This puncturing at spaced locations provides uniformly spaced lines of weakness 35 in the form of closely spaced perforations extending f rom lS one edge of the web to the other (Figure 2).
A perforation control detector 36 is provided at the perforation station. The perforation detector 36, like the heat seal detector 20, is connected to the control 21. Coaction of the detector 36 and this 20 control 21 assures proper registration of the perfora-tions.
After the web has been structurally modified to provide the seals 26 and the perforated lines 35, the web 10 passes over tensioning rolls 38, 39 and is 25 coiled on a takeup roll 40.
When either the detector 20 or the detector 36 detects the presence of a mark or indicia 42, a signal is sent to the control mechanisms 21. The oontrol mechanism includes circuitry which in turn sends control 30 signals to differential speed controls (not shcwn) associated with the seal and perforation stations 18, 28. The circuitry of the oontrol 21 includes a com-parator which produces no output when the detector signal is below a certain threshold or reference level 35 and produces a control voltage when the detector signal exceeds the thr eshol d.
~17313~
In Figure 2 a section of a chain of interconnected bags formed by the apparatus of Figure 1 is shown.
Each illustrated bag 45 includes a printed area 47.
The depicted printing includes wavey lines 48 which 5 are intended to indicate either informative or decora-tive printing. The printed areas are shown as rec-tangular for clarity of illustration but in practice the amount of, and appearance of, the printing will be dictated by the user's wishes. Thus, the bag may 10 be anything from clear to fully covered with decorative and/or informative printing, and that printing may be of any color or color combination including a color which reflects radiation of the same wave length as the electrcmagnetic radiation emitted by the indicia 1542.
The indicia 42 are superimposed over the printing and are transparent so that their presence does not interfere with the decoration and information in the printed areas. Thus, the bags are substantially iden-20tical in appearance to otherwise identical bags whichdo not bear indicia 42.
The locations of the indicia are, then, selected without regard to what is printed on the web but rather with regard to ~ oper location for controlled repeat-2sability of work operations. This permits, as but oneexample of the advantages of this invention, webs of totally different physical appearance and size to b~
fed through the system of Figure 1 without any setup or changes being made to the system.
The indicia 42 are seen spaced at regular intervals along the length of the web 10. In some applications the regularly spaced indicia extend across the entire width dimension of the web while in others they comprise regularly appearing spots along a certain portion of 3sthe web. Since the preferred indicia 42 are essentially invisible, they do not detract from the appearance of writing or a logo appearing on the printed area 47.
~17~13~
Along an edge 50 portion of the web 10 an alterna-tive marking scheme 42' is illustrated in Figure 2.
This scheme comprises a continuous, rather than an intermittent, marking which may be used to convey a 5greater amount of information than the intermittent scheme. The sinusoidal like wave form may be amplitude or frequency modulated, for example, to oonvey a mod-ulating signal to one of the detectors. This signal is then transmitted to the control 21 for f~ ther 10 transmission to work stations.
The ink used for marking is comprised of a vehicle which dries clear and pigments which are nonmally invisible but which cause a shift in the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation in a limited, well defined, 15 wavelength band. Tests have shown marking the web with an appropriate invisible ink to be somewhat of a problem. Typically, a web is stored in a roll on a mandrel until it is to be unwound for processing.
When stored on a roll, it is necessary that the marking 20 indicia 42 not "bleed through" or migrate among different layers of plastic thereby disrupting the well defined pattern of markings. The bleed through problem is especially pronounced when a plastic web such as low density polyethelene is utilized.
The bleed through problem has been solved when low density polyethelene comprises the web structure through utilization of wavelength shifting components which do not migrate from one layer to the next in the stored web material. One chemical useful in apply-30 ing a wave shifting mark to a low density polyethelene web material is a chemical oommercially available under the name Sandoz Th-40 supplied by Sandoz Colors and Chemicals Corporation. Sandoz Th-40 is a disul-fonated diamino stilbene-triazine in liquid form.
To enhance the discriminating ability of the control 21 it is necessary that a concentrated amount ~ 173136 of this chemical be applied by printing to the web material so that the mark's emission can be readily distinguished from ambient conditions. In the preferred embodiment the invisible marking material is manu-5 factured using an ink comprising 93% varnish, 4% SandozTh-40 and 3% wax. The wax is commercially available from the Irmlont Company under the designation 72 F9105.
The varnish is a resin, alcohol mixture which in the preferred embodiment comprises 40% versamid 712 and 10 60% alcohol. The marking is printed to the plastic web using a s uitable printing roller.
The web construction itself is described in greater - detail in a concurrently filed application filed by Hershey Lerner and H~rold Waitz entitled Non-~igrating 15 Control Indicia for a Plastic Web or Sheet Article, Attorney file number 8-273. The concurrently filed application discloses several examples of suitable pigments and vehicles and is hereby expressly incor-porated by reference.
Figure 3 diagrammatically shows a bag filling machine, such as the machine described and claimed in U.S. Patent 3,965,653 issued June 29, 1976 under the title Packaging ~ethod and Apparatus, equipped with a detector adapted to sense the presence of indicia 42 25 and thereby control web feed. In Figure 3 a coiled web of bags 51 is provided. ~he web is fed between feed rolls 52 to a load station 53. A flow of air from a nozzle 54 opens a bag 56 which is to be loaded.
Parts 55 are fed through a funnel 57 to fill the bag 30 once it is registered at the load station 53.
An indicia detector is shown at 59. When the detector 59 senses an indicia a signal is sent to the control 21 which in turn controls a web feed motor 60. The control causes the motor 60 to stop driving 35 the feed rolls 52 when the bag 56 has reached the station 53.
A preferred detector unit 140 for detecting the presence of markings along a web is shown in FIGURES
4-6. This unit is the preferred unit to be used as the detector 20, the detector 36, and the detector 59 used to control bag dispensing, loading and sealing operations. The unit 140 is mounted in proximity to a moving web by a detector mounting plate. A web guide 144 is positioned beneath the detector 140 and is attached to it by a suitable support 146. This guide 144 allows the web to pass beneath the detector at a distance close enough to allow the detector to . ' sense the presence of the marking on the web. Control circuitry 110 mounted inside the unit 140 (see FIGURE
3) generates control signals which allow either fabri-cation or manufacturing processes to be performed to the moving web.
Mounted within the detector unit are two sources of incident electromagnetic radiation 150, 152. Posi-tioned between these sources is a detector 154 which senses the presence of markings on the web as the web passes over the web guide 144. In operation, the ', radiation sources 150, 152 direct indicia stimulating electromagnetic radiation of about 3660 angstroms to the web and due to their positioning concentrate a high intensity of electromagnetic radiation directly beneath the detector 154. When the incident radiation strikes the markings it causes a wave shifted output to be emitted from that marking. In the preferred embodiment Sandoz TH-40 generates an output radiation with a wavelength of about 4500 angstroms.
Interposed between the web and the detector is a filter 156, for filtering out electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths other than the wavelengths emitted by the marking. The filter enhances sensitivity by sub-stantially preventing certain radiation reflected from the web from reaching the detector. More speci-fically the filter sufficiently blocks transmission of reflected indicia stimulating radiation so that such reflections will not cause f alse signals when indicia are not present. Reflection of electromagnetic 5 radiation which is ambient to the machine is not a pr oblem because its intensity, in any 1 ocation occupied by humans, is not high enough to cause reflections which will cause the detector to emit false signals. I
Exemplary circuitr y 110 for generating control 10 voltages in response to the presence of the web markings is shown mounted inside the detector unit 140 on a , printed circuit board 111. That circuitry 110 is electrically connected to a photo diode 113 in the detector 154. Three amplifiers 112, 114, 116 and a 15 timer 118 respond to changes in photo diode resistance wi th changes in el ectrom agnetic r adi ation intensity to generate a control output 120.
An output 121 from a first operational amplifier 112 is coupled to a second operational amplifier 114 20 and further coupled to the inverting input of the first op amp 112 through a feedback networ k 122. The second operational amplifier 114 resFonds to the output 121 from the first amplifier 112. This second op amp 114 includes a reference input and a non-inverting 25 input. When the non-inverting input signal is greater than the reference signal, an output 124 f rom the second operational amplifier 114 goes high. This output 124 is coupled to an industrial timer 118 which serves to shape the irregular shaped output 124 from 30 the second amplifier 114 into a well defined signal of constant height and pulse width.
The feedback network 122 comprises two parallel connected diode, resistor circuits 130, 132 and the third amplifier 116. As the output from the first 35 amplifier increases one diode 134 conducts through a 1 megohm resistor and charges a 10 u f arad capacitor ~173136 136. As that capacitor charges its voltage increases.
This voltage is coupled to the third amplifier 116 and is transmitted by that gain of one amplifier to the inverting input of the first amplifier-112.
If the output from the first amplifier changes slowly due to changes in the level of ambient radiation the capacitor 136 will charge slowly and the feedback input to the first amplifier's inverting input will also change slowly, trailing the non-inverting input 10 to the first ampliier. Since the output from the first amplifier is the difference in value between .
its two inputs the signal transmitted to the second amplifier 114 is constant or relatively so.
A sharp, sudden rise of the output from the first 15 amplifier 112 due to a sudden change in the current through the diode 113 causes a large signal to appear to the non-inverting input to the second amplifier 114 which triggers an output on the timer 118. The capacitor 136 cannot charge rapidly enough to signi-20 ficantly change the input to the third amplifier 116.The inverting input on the first amplifier does not change and therefore the difference between the two inputs remains large.
From the above it is apparent that the circuitry 25 110 is sensitive to rapid changes in radiation intensity and not gradual changes in ambient radiation intensity.
The intensity changes necessary to actuate the output are determined by the reference input to the second amplifier 114 and can be varied according to the speci-30 fic system being controlled. In the preferred andillustrated embodiment the reference input is about 1.2 volts.
The .047 second output from the timer 118 signifies the presence of a control mark beneath the detector 35 154. Since this output may not be compatible with a particuldr rontrol system it msy oe used to generate suitable control signals which are compatible with a particul ar control.
,Irrespective of which wavelength-shifting control indicia is used the detector arrange~nent remains sub-5 stantially unmodified. For example, in the embodiment - where IR-125 is used in the ink, the filter 156 should be a 9050 angstrom ban filter. The incident radiation must be in the 7950 angstrom range and can be generated by passing incandescent radiation through a 7560 10 angstrom band filter or using an i nfrared source that radiates 795C angstxom radiation. r While a preferred embodiment of the invention has been disclosed in detail, various modifications or alterations may be made herein without departing 15 from the spirit or scope of the invention set forth in the appended claims.
Background Art Continuous plastic webs are manufactured for many purposes. As an example, chains of interconnected open bags such as those described and 15 claimed in U-S. Patent No. 3,254,828 to Hershey Lerner have been sold successfully under the trademark AUTOBAG. As another example, plastic mailing envelopes made from webs such as those disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 3,641,733 to Hershey 20 Lerner have been sold succeasfully under the trademark ZIP-VELOPE. In the manufacture of both the AUTOBAG and ZIP-VELOPE products, a web of plastic is first printed to provide identifying information and an attractive appearance. In subsequent manufactur-25 ing operations transverse seals are formed between two layers of the web. In the case of commercially produced AUTOBAG products, spaced transverse perfora-tions are formed to provide lines of weakness for separation of the bags from the web.
Chains of interconnected bottle labels have also been produced in quantity. A label chain is in the form of a plastic tube which is perforated between each adjacent pair of labels to allow each label to be separated from the chain and placed around a blow-35 molded plastic, or similar, bottle.
In the manufacture of webs of material s~lch as chains of bags or labels and strips of envelopes, it l 17313 is important that manufacturing operations ~e accurately located along the web. As an example, the transverse seals obviously should be between adjacent bags or envelopes and not in central portions of them. Accord-5 ingly, it is important to accurately register the webwith work stations on the machine performing operations on the web.
While there is reasonable latitude or tolerance in the location of any given operation on a web, there 10 is a cumulative error problem which must be considered~
For example, if each seal in an AUTOBAG web is mislocated by .001 of an inch so that each bag being formed is longer than it should be by that amount, and this error is allowed to repeat each time a bag is formed 15 without error corrections, by the time the 1000th bag is formed the seal will be misregistered by one inch.
Obviously, if one is transforming a printed web into a chain of bags, a strip of envelopes, or a string of labels such cumulative error cannot be tolerated.
The cumulative error problem is exacerbated when the web is plastic because plastics tend to stretch.
Since it is virtually impossible to maintain constant web tension during printing and other manufacturing operations, stretching not only occurs but it occurs 25 unevenlY-Because of the cumulative error problem, it iscustomary to repeatedly register the web with stations where manufacturing operations are to be performed.
One known technique is to provide clear spaces in a 30 web between the repetitive printed indicia which spaces function as "windows". A registration mark of some type is im~ inted in the window. An optical detector is positioned to cyclically view the web. If the eguipment is adjusted and functioning properly, each 35 viewing of a cycle is concurrent with the passage of one of the windows past the detector. The detector ~I73136 senses the registration mark and causes the manufactur-ing operation to occur at a time coordinated with this sensing.
When printed decorative and informative indicia 5 on the web is passing the detector, the detector is "blinded" so that it will not see and be confused by the imprinted indicia. Expressed another way, a detec-tor should be turned off as decorative and informative indicia passes it and turned on when the detector is 10 registered with a window.
A major problem with a cyclical detector which is "blinded" in each cycle is that if the web is out of registration so that the detector is operative when the decorative and informative indicia are under 15 the detector, the detector emits erroneous signals and the machine will produce scrap. Thus, machine set-up, and the restoration of appropriate registration if the machine gets out of synchronism, is time-consum-ing and difficult.
The effectiveness of traditional registration marks for controlling operations even on essentially a clear web; that is a web which is not printed except for the visible ~eye~ marks, is also limited in respect to accuracy of detection. The accurate detection of 25 such registration marks is dependent on either the largeness of the mark or, in the case of a small mark, the accuracy with which the detector is registered upon the fluctuating paths in which the marks travel.
The accurate detection of traditional eye marks affixed 30 to a plastic or other flexible, strechable, el ~ tic web requires either; (a) a large eye mark to insure the passage of at least some portion of each mark underneath a stationary detector or, (b) in the case of small eye marks, a sophisticated detector tracking 35 apparatus to insure the consistent registration of the detector upon the fluctuating paths of the moving ma~ks.
1 ~ 731 ~
Another known approach to maintaining appro~ iate registration between a web and various work stations is to provide a marginal registration strip with ~ inted or other registration markings. While such an approach 5 can simplify machine set up and registration, as com-pared with the cyclically blinded detector approach, the strip is trimed off and becomes scrap so this process is wasteful.
A variation in the technique for controlling the 10 web movement with a removable strip employs gaps or holes positioned along the strip as position indicators for the web. The presence of the gap is detected by a spark-gap detector which completes a circuit by causing a spark to traverse the gap. In this way the 15 presence or absence of gaps or holes along the web is indicated to control circuitry which in turn is used for maneuvering the web.
The spark-gap system for web control also has deficiencies. In order to cc~plete a circuit with 20 the use of a spark, it is necessary that a relatively high voltage be maintained between two portions of the spark-gap detector. In some environments, this can be very undesirable. For example, moisture can cause either a malfunction of the spark-gap detector 25 or can provide a path of low electrical resistance which results in a false signal.
A second problem encountered with spark-gap detec-tors is that the detector cannot tell the difference between intentionally and unintentionally formed gaps 30 or holes. If the control circuitry is activated by the presence of a rip in the registration strip of the web, control functions will be unsynchronized and web material will be wasted.
It has been suggested that magnetization of an 35 area directly on the web with a decorative coating printed over the magnetized area can be used to provide - ` ~173136 a non-visible control function to the moving web.
Magnetized areas are susceptible to detection by various known -techniques and have been proposed for providing control coordination. A magnetized area, however, 5 can be affected by its environment in an adverse manner.
Electric and magnetic fields in the area of the moving web could create a condition where the detector would not detect the màgnetized area and controlled coordina-tion of movement would be lost. Further, if the 10 magnetized area is placed directly upon the web it is virtually impossible, if not totally so, to hide the magnetized area with a printing overlay and with clear webs the area will be visible from the other side of the web. Thus, a magnetized area detracts fron an lS intended and desired attractive appearance.
Another problem with prior web registration techniques has been that it has been usually necessary to provide some different form of web registration system when the web is used than the system employed 20 in manufactuirng the web. For example, if a removable registration strip was employed, that strip is not present when the user is labeling vessels or unloading and sealing bags or envelopes. In commercial machines for loading and sealing AUTCBAG products, spark gap 25 detection has been employed. This has to some extent limited the application of such machines because obviously they cannot be used in explosive or very wet environments. Further, spark-gap detection can present service and other problems.
With the system described and claimed in the previously referenced envelope machine patent for unloading and sealing envelopes, each envelope is mechanically registered at the load station. While the machine and the system described have enjoyed 35 good commercial success, greater productive capacity than can be achieved with that mechanical registration is decired.
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There have been prop~sals to use visible light detectors in conjunction with materials which absorb ultraviolet light and emit visible light, for registra-tion of work operations. However, until now, there 5 have been no proposals which suggest the use of a wave shift sensitive detector in conjunction with electromagnetic wave shifting control indicia which emit either visible or invisible electromagnetic radia-tion for registration of work operations. Neither 10 has anyone suggested the use of non visible electro-magnetic wave shifting indicia in a repetitive pattern for control of repetitive work operations on a web.
Perhaps more importantly no one has suggested a web control which both permits ccmplete freedom of 15 choice in web decoration, lack of decoration, and/or the application of informative printing which does not suffer any of the described short comings of "blinded" detectors, hole or gap detection, or a wasted control strip. Thus, there have been no successful 20 proposals for flexible web feed control which are universally useful both in web manufacture and use because all such proposals have had shortcomings such as adversely affecting the appearance of the web.
Moreover, even if feasible, little if any use has 25 been made of the same registration techniques for both manufacture and use of a tape or other web, at least with plastic bags, labels and envelopes.
Disclosure of the Invention The present invention overcomes difficulties 30 encountered with prior art web control techniques by treating the web to provide spaced control signal forming or locating portions with invisible components for signal e~ission as an integral part of the web.
These control signal markings or patterns are applied 35 to the web and waste is eliminated because the whole web can be utilized in the final product. Since the ~ ~73~36 control signals preferred are non-visible to the human eye the physical appearance of the web or product is in no way limited to the configuration or appearance of decorative and/or informative information applied 5 to the web. The non-visible markings which are Fref-erably transparent can be applied at any portion of the web without regard to the physical appearance of the design on the web.
The ~ocating portions respond to energy of pre-10 determined characteristics directed to the web in amanner different than the respDnse of other portions.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention a web of material has an transparent pattern of material which emits wavelength shifted radiation in response to 15 relatively high intensity electromagnetic radiation of an appropriate range of the spectrum. When the electromagnetic radiation of the appropriate wavelength range of the spectrum is shone on the web, the wave-length shifting causes a shift in wavelength and it 20 emits relatively high intensity electromagnetic radia-tion which is in a different spectrum range.
A major advantage of electrcmagnetic wavelength shifting markings which are not visible to the human eye but produce wavelength shifted radiation in response 25 to incident electromagnetic radiation is that it is possible to use a detector system which responds to the wavelength shifted radiation and not to ambient or reflected radiation. Thus, such a detector is not affected by reflections from the web or decorative 30 and informative printing on the web so the entire surface of the web can be clear or printed and no timer strip or "window" is required.
A major reason the detector is unaffected by the reflections is that in a typical modern industrial 35 environment low intensity lighting is provided. Any given type of light used in an industrial environment ~7313~
provides radiation of relatively low intensities which are readily distinguishable from the high intensity emission of the indicia even when reflections and emissions are of the same or similar wavelengths.
5 Electromagnetic wave shifting material used in the control markings or indicia of this invention are selected from those which emit electromagnetic energy in relatively high intensities in response to stimula-tion by relatively high intensity radiation. The lOwave shifted radiation is significantly differen~
from reflected radiation in the sense that the intensity is sufficiently different to enable ready detection.
As an example Kodak ~.R. 125, a laser dye, emits electromagnetic radiation of about 9400 angstroms 15when exposed to incident radiation of about 7950 angstroms. While 9400 angstrom electromagnetic radia-tion is present in the illumination from typical in-dustrial lighting, the web nonetheless can be decorated in any manner desired and reflections from the web 20which may include 9400 angstrom radiation will not cause false detector signals. Accordingly a detector sensitive to high intensity 9400 angstrom electromag-netic radiation is able to sense the presence of the indicia while continuously viewing the web without 25 danger of emitting false signals.
The pattern of wave shifting material can either be intermittent or continuous and is arranged to contain information which is used in controlling functions performed on the web. The information is used in 30conjunction with other control devices which are activated by signals from the web each of which in-dicates a given control portion is at a predetermiend location along a path of web travel.
A control station for detection of signals from 35the web includes a source of high intensity, indicia stimulating electromagnetic radiation which causes , ~7313~
the web markings to emit wave shifted radiation and a detecting system which detects the wavelength shifted radiation and converts the electromagnetic radiation from that material into electrical signals. The detec-5 tion system ~ eferably includes a filtration system to exclude reflected electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths other than the wavelength band of the radiation emitted by the markings so that, among other things, reflections from the high intensity source 10 are filtered out.
A preferred detection system is responsive to an r essentially non-visible pattern in the form of markings which emit wavelength shifted electromagnetic radiation.
This detection system includes a filter whicn transmits 15 indicia emitted wave shifted radiation in a range of the spectrum to a detector but transmits essentially no reflected radiation of certain other wavelength ranges.
One advantage this system has over prior art 20 control systems is the utilization of a pattern which can be applied directly to the web and which contains information useful in controlling web movements. Since the pattern of information normally is invisible to the eye the information containing material can be 25 used in conjunction with designs or logos of any size, shape and nature without disrupting their appearance.
Again, the pattern of information contained within the wavelength shifting material may be continuous or intermittent. For some applications a repetitive, 30spaced strips of wave shifting material will be ade~uate for producing control information. In other applica-tions it may be desirable to apply a continuous pattern of material to the web which pattern contains much more information than the spaced strips could contain.
3sIt is therefore an advantage to the system that the markings are invisible to the eye and allow great ~7313~
flexibility in the manner and presentation of the information on the web. Depending upon the functions to be controlled, the pattern of information containing material placed on the web may be either complex or 5 simple The invention has additional utility as a means of quality control in packaging. A specific control mark can be applied to both a product and to a packa~e for that product. Only when both product and package 10 are sensed at an appropriate work station is the packag-ing step performed.
In addition to controlling manufacturing processes the wavelength shifting marks can be used for identi-fication purposes. When applied to a product the 15 marks can uniquely identify the product and help avoid mistaken and/or intentional substitution of an inferior or unsuitable product. In order to decrease the chance of the pattern being counterfeited, it is desirable both that the non-visible mark pattern be complex and 20 that the mark pattern emit non-visible electromagnetic radiation.
From the above it is apparent that the present invention includes a number of advantageous character-istics for enhancing the efficiency and reliability 25 of web control. No waste of a side or edge strip of tear-off material limits the efficiency of the preset system. Any design or appearance of the web is un-affected by the application of an invisible control signal to the web itself.
Utilization of an invisible control signal allows for a standardized design of information containing material regardless of the physical appearance of the web. Thus, the control slgnal design need not be changed when webs of differing physical appearance 35 are substituted and since a standardized control can be used, the web control system need not be modified ~17313~
for every change of web design. Moreover, the appli-cation of an invisible web control to the web allows registration of the web during manufacture and during use with comparable systems using the same invisible 5 control signal markings.
From the above, it is clear that one object of the present invention is to provide a simple yet ef-ficient means for applying and utilizing invisible control signals on a web. These signals do not disrupt 10 the pattern of the web yet emit wave shifted radiation in the presence of incident electromagnetic radiation in a particular portion of the spectrum to produce outputs which can be readily detected at a control station.
Other objects and features of the present inven-tion will become better understood when considered in conjunction with the drawings and detailed description of a preferred embodiment which follows.
Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 diagrammatically shows a system for making a chain of bags or the like;
Figure 2 shows a web produced with the Figure 1 system including essentially invisible indicia;
Figure 3 diagrammatically shows a system for 25 using the bags made with the system of Figure l;
Figures 4 and 5 are partially sectioned elevational views of a detector for controlling fabrication or use of the web disclosed in Figure 2 by detecting the presence of the indicias.
Figure 6 shows control circuitry mounted within the detector for generating control signals in response to the detecting of the markings.
Best Mode for Carrying Out the Invention ~eferring to Figure 1, a bag making operation is 35 shown diagrammatically. In that operation a tubular printed web 10 is fed from a supply roll 11. The web 117~1~6 10 passes over tensioning rolls 13-16 and thence to a sealer station 18. An indicia responsive seal control detector is illustrated at 20. The machine, other than the detector and a control mechanism 21 which 5 responds to its signals is of known construction and therefore not shown other than diagrammatically.
To simplify the disclosure, the printing of the web 10 has not been shown. This printing can be ac-complished conventionally except for the imprinting 10 of the novel indicia of this invention. Since the preferred indicia on a multi-colored web will be super-imposed over other printing in many instances, the other printing may be applied first and then the indicia registered relative to that other printing by conven-15 tional techniques. In that event, all subsequentprinting operation are then desirably controlled by detection and control corresponding to that used in the illustrated bag manufacturing operations.
Preferably, especially where precise registration 20 is required, the first printing operation will imprint printing machine control indicia which are used to control subsequent printing. If these indicia are overprinted by such subsequent printing, further indicia are applied, when the preferred material is used, so 25 that the finished product will have use control indicia on an outer surface of the web.
At the seal station 18, transverse seals are formed at regularly spaced intervals to delineate the ends of the interconnected bagsO The sealer 18 includes 30 a relatively soft roll 23 about which the web is tightly wrapped. The sealer 18 also includes a shuttle 24 having a heated resistive element 25 extending essen-tially from one side of the roll 23 to the other.
When the heated element 25 is brought into contact 35 with the web 10 to press the web against the roll 23 a transverse heat seal 26 (Figure 2) is formed. The 1 17313~ l timing of the engagement of the element 25 with the strip is chosen so that proper end seal spacings will be provided. This is controlled by the detector and control 20, 21 as will be described.
After the end seals have been formed, the strip passes over a tensioning roll 27 and then to a perforat-ing station 28. The perforating station 28 includes a roll 29. The roll 29 has a cylindrical b~dy p~rtion 30 having a toothed knife 32 extending from one side 10 of the roll to the other. The knife acts against a backup roll 33 to puncture the superimposed layers of the tubular web 10. This puncturing at spaced locations provides uniformly spaced lines of weakness 35 in the form of closely spaced perforations extending f rom lS one edge of the web to the other (Figure 2).
A perforation control detector 36 is provided at the perforation station. The perforation detector 36, like the heat seal detector 20, is connected to the control 21. Coaction of the detector 36 and this 20 control 21 assures proper registration of the perfora-tions.
After the web has been structurally modified to provide the seals 26 and the perforated lines 35, the web 10 passes over tensioning rolls 38, 39 and is 25 coiled on a takeup roll 40.
When either the detector 20 or the detector 36 detects the presence of a mark or indicia 42, a signal is sent to the control mechanisms 21. The oontrol mechanism includes circuitry which in turn sends control 30 signals to differential speed controls (not shcwn) associated with the seal and perforation stations 18, 28. The circuitry of the oontrol 21 includes a com-parator which produces no output when the detector signal is below a certain threshold or reference level 35 and produces a control voltage when the detector signal exceeds the thr eshol d.
~17313~
In Figure 2 a section of a chain of interconnected bags formed by the apparatus of Figure 1 is shown.
Each illustrated bag 45 includes a printed area 47.
The depicted printing includes wavey lines 48 which 5 are intended to indicate either informative or decora-tive printing. The printed areas are shown as rec-tangular for clarity of illustration but in practice the amount of, and appearance of, the printing will be dictated by the user's wishes. Thus, the bag may 10 be anything from clear to fully covered with decorative and/or informative printing, and that printing may be of any color or color combination including a color which reflects radiation of the same wave length as the electrcmagnetic radiation emitted by the indicia 1542.
The indicia 42 are superimposed over the printing and are transparent so that their presence does not interfere with the decoration and information in the printed areas. Thus, the bags are substantially iden-20tical in appearance to otherwise identical bags whichdo not bear indicia 42.
The locations of the indicia are, then, selected without regard to what is printed on the web but rather with regard to ~ oper location for controlled repeat-2sability of work operations. This permits, as but oneexample of the advantages of this invention, webs of totally different physical appearance and size to b~
fed through the system of Figure 1 without any setup or changes being made to the system.
The indicia 42 are seen spaced at regular intervals along the length of the web 10. In some applications the regularly spaced indicia extend across the entire width dimension of the web while in others they comprise regularly appearing spots along a certain portion of 3sthe web. Since the preferred indicia 42 are essentially invisible, they do not detract from the appearance of writing or a logo appearing on the printed area 47.
~17~13~
Along an edge 50 portion of the web 10 an alterna-tive marking scheme 42' is illustrated in Figure 2.
This scheme comprises a continuous, rather than an intermittent, marking which may be used to convey a 5greater amount of information than the intermittent scheme. The sinusoidal like wave form may be amplitude or frequency modulated, for example, to oonvey a mod-ulating signal to one of the detectors. This signal is then transmitted to the control 21 for f~ ther 10 transmission to work stations.
The ink used for marking is comprised of a vehicle which dries clear and pigments which are nonmally invisible but which cause a shift in the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation in a limited, well defined, 15 wavelength band. Tests have shown marking the web with an appropriate invisible ink to be somewhat of a problem. Typically, a web is stored in a roll on a mandrel until it is to be unwound for processing.
When stored on a roll, it is necessary that the marking 20 indicia 42 not "bleed through" or migrate among different layers of plastic thereby disrupting the well defined pattern of markings. The bleed through problem is especially pronounced when a plastic web such as low density polyethelene is utilized.
The bleed through problem has been solved when low density polyethelene comprises the web structure through utilization of wavelength shifting components which do not migrate from one layer to the next in the stored web material. One chemical useful in apply-30 ing a wave shifting mark to a low density polyethelene web material is a chemical oommercially available under the name Sandoz Th-40 supplied by Sandoz Colors and Chemicals Corporation. Sandoz Th-40 is a disul-fonated diamino stilbene-triazine in liquid form.
To enhance the discriminating ability of the control 21 it is necessary that a concentrated amount ~ 173136 of this chemical be applied by printing to the web material so that the mark's emission can be readily distinguished from ambient conditions. In the preferred embodiment the invisible marking material is manu-5 factured using an ink comprising 93% varnish, 4% SandozTh-40 and 3% wax. The wax is commercially available from the Irmlont Company under the designation 72 F9105.
The varnish is a resin, alcohol mixture which in the preferred embodiment comprises 40% versamid 712 and 10 60% alcohol. The marking is printed to the plastic web using a s uitable printing roller.
The web construction itself is described in greater - detail in a concurrently filed application filed by Hershey Lerner and H~rold Waitz entitled Non-~igrating 15 Control Indicia for a Plastic Web or Sheet Article, Attorney file number 8-273. The concurrently filed application discloses several examples of suitable pigments and vehicles and is hereby expressly incor-porated by reference.
Figure 3 diagrammatically shows a bag filling machine, such as the machine described and claimed in U.S. Patent 3,965,653 issued June 29, 1976 under the title Packaging ~ethod and Apparatus, equipped with a detector adapted to sense the presence of indicia 42 25 and thereby control web feed. In Figure 3 a coiled web of bags 51 is provided. ~he web is fed between feed rolls 52 to a load station 53. A flow of air from a nozzle 54 opens a bag 56 which is to be loaded.
Parts 55 are fed through a funnel 57 to fill the bag 30 once it is registered at the load station 53.
An indicia detector is shown at 59. When the detector 59 senses an indicia a signal is sent to the control 21 which in turn controls a web feed motor 60. The control causes the motor 60 to stop driving 35 the feed rolls 52 when the bag 56 has reached the station 53.
A preferred detector unit 140 for detecting the presence of markings along a web is shown in FIGURES
4-6. This unit is the preferred unit to be used as the detector 20, the detector 36, and the detector 59 used to control bag dispensing, loading and sealing operations. The unit 140 is mounted in proximity to a moving web by a detector mounting plate. A web guide 144 is positioned beneath the detector 140 and is attached to it by a suitable support 146. This guide 144 allows the web to pass beneath the detector at a distance close enough to allow the detector to . ' sense the presence of the marking on the web. Control circuitry 110 mounted inside the unit 140 (see FIGURE
3) generates control signals which allow either fabri-cation or manufacturing processes to be performed to the moving web.
Mounted within the detector unit are two sources of incident electromagnetic radiation 150, 152. Posi-tioned between these sources is a detector 154 which senses the presence of markings on the web as the web passes over the web guide 144. In operation, the ', radiation sources 150, 152 direct indicia stimulating electromagnetic radiation of about 3660 angstroms to the web and due to their positioning concentrate a high intensity of electromagnetic radiation directly beneath the detector 154. When the incident radiation strikes the markings it causes a wave shifted output to be emitted from that marking. In the preferred embodiment Sandoz TH-40 generates an output radiation with a wavelength of about 4500 angstroms.
Interposed between the web and the detector is a filter 156, for filtering out electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths other than the wavelengths emitted by the marking. The filter enhances sensitivity by sub-stantially preventing certain radiation reflected from the web from reaching the detector. More speci-fically the filter sufficiently blocks transmission of reflected indicia stimulating radiation so that such reflections will not cause f alse signals when indicia are not present. Reflection of electromagnetic 5 radiation which is ambient to the machine is not a pr oblem because its intensity, in any 1 ocation occupied by humans, is not high enough to cause reflections which will cause the detector to emit false signals. I
Exemplary circuitr y 110 for generating control 10 voltages in response to the presence of the web markings is shown mounted inside the detector unit 140 on a , printed circuit board 111. That circuitry 110 is electrically connected to a photo diode 113 in the detector 154. Three amplifiers 112, 114, 116 and a 15 timer 118 respond to changes in photo diode resistance wi th changes in el ectrom agnetic r adi ation intensity to generate a control output 120.
An output 121 from a first operational amplifier 112 is coupled to a second operational amplifier 114 20 and further coupled to the inverting input of the first op amp 112 through a feedback networ k 122. The second operational amplifier 114 resFonds to the output 121 from the first amplifier 112. This second op amp 114 includes a reference input and a non-inverting 25 input. When the non-inverting input signal is greater than the reference signal, an output 124 f rom the second operational amplifier 114 goes high. This output 124 is coupled to an industrial timer 118 which serves to shape the irregular shaped output 124 from 30 the second amplifier 114 into a well defined signal of constant height and pulse width.
The feedback network 122 comprises two parallel connected diode, resistor circuits 130, 132 and the third amplifier 116. As the output from the first 35 amplifier increases one diode 134 conducts through a 1 megohm resistor and charges a 10 u f arad capacitor ~173136 136. As that capacitor charges its voltage increases.
This voltage is coupled to the third amplifier 116 and is transmitted by that gain of one amplifier to the inverting input of the first amplifier-112.
If the output from the first amplifier changes slowly due to changes in the level of ambient radiation the capacitor 136 will charge slowly and the feedback input to the first amplifier's inverting input will also change slowly, trailing the non-inverting input 10 to the first ampliier. Since the output from the first amplifier is the difference in value between .
its two inputs the signal transmitted to the second amplifier 114 is constant or relatively so.
A sharp, sudden rise of the output from the first 15 amplifier 112 due to a sudden change in the current through the diode 113 causes a large signal to appear to the non-inverting input to the second amplifier 114 which triggers an output on the timer 118. The capacitor 136 cannot charge rapidly enough to signi-20 ficantly change the input to the third amplifier 116.The inverting input on the first amplifier does not change and therefore the difference between the two inputs remains large.
From the above it is apparent that the circuitry 25 110 is sensitive to rapid changes in radiation intensity and not gradual changes in ambient radiation intensity.
The intensity changes necessary to actuate the output are determined by the reference input to the second amplifier 114 and can be varied according to the speci-30 fic system being controlled. In the preferred andillustrated embodiment the reference input is about 1.2 volts.
The .047 second output from the timer 118 signifies the presence of a control mark beneath the detector 35 154. Since this output may not be compatible with a particuldr rontrol system it msy oe used to generate suitable control signals which are compatible with a particul ar control.
,Irrespective of which wavelength-shifting control indicia is used the detector arrange~nent remains sub-5 stantially unmodified. For example, in the embodiment - where IR-125 is used in the ink, the filter 156 should be a 9050 angstrom ban filter. The incident radiation must be in the 7950 angstrom range and can be generated by passing incandescent radiation through a 7560 10 angstrom band filter or using an i nfrared source that radiates 795C angstxom radiation. r While a preferred embodiment of the invention has been disclosed in detail, various modifications or alterations may be made herein without departing 15 from the spirit or scope of the invention set forth in the appended claims.
Claims (28)
PROPERTY OR PRIVILEGE IS CLAIMED ARE DEFINED AS FOLLOWS:
1. An elongated web comprising:
a) a pair of plies in face-to-face relationship with one another;
b) a visible coating on at least one surface of at least one of the plies;
c) said coating being in the form of a repetitive pattern to provide a series of separable web sections;
d) the web including a series of spaced, transverse-ly disposed, portions delineating the ends of the sections;
e) each of the sections being adapted for separation from the web to provide a commodity substantially identical to commodities formed by separation of the other of the web sections; and, f) normally invisible, registration enabling indicia on at least one of the plies, the indicia emitting wave shifted electromagnetic radiation of significantly different intensity than that radiated or reflected by the coating and the web plies upon exposure to a given intensity of electromagnetic radiation of a certain wavelength range even though the wave shifted and the radiated or reflected radiations may include radiation of substantially identical wavelengths.
a) a pair of plies in face-to-face relationship with one another;
b) a visible coating on at least one surface of at least one of the plies;
c) said coating being in the form of a repetitive pattern to provide a series of separable web sections;
d) the web including a series of spaced, transverse-ly disposed, portions delineating the ends of the sections;
e) each of the sections being adapted for separation from the web to provide a commodity substantially identical to commodities formed by separation of the other of the web sections; and, f) normally invisible, registration enabling indicia on at least one of the plies, the indicia emitting wave shifted electromagnetic radiation of significantly different intensity than that radiated or reflected by the coating and the web plies upon exposure to a given intensity of electromagnetic radiation of a certain wavelength range even though the wave shifted and the radiated or reflected radiations may include radiation of substantially identical wavelengths.
2. The web of Claim 1 wherein the locating portions when exposed to radiation of such given intensity and certain wavelength emit wave shifted radiation of an intensity sufficiently different than radiated or reflected radiation from other portions of the web to enable reliable detection by a detector continuously scanning the web to detect the presence of such indicia whereby operations performed on the web may be properly co-ordinated.
3. The web of Claim 1 wherein the plies are plastic.
4. An article for feeding along a path of travel comprising:
a) an elongated web having printed locating portions disposed along the web in a repetitive pattern;
b) the locating portions normally being essentially invisible such that the web has an appearance to visual observation essentially no different than a web without such locating portions but otherwise identical;
c) the locating portions including pigments which are essentially invisible and are responsive to electro-magnetic radiation of a given intensity and wavelength range to cause a shift in wavelength of that radiation and to emit radiation in a different wavelength range;
and, d) the locating portion emissions when exposed to radiation of such given intensity and wavelength range being sufficiently different in intensity from radiated or reflected radiation from other portions of the web when the web is used in an illuminated environ-ment wherein humans are present to enable reliable detection by a detector continuously scanning the web to detect the presence of such indicia while avoiding false detection signals in response to radiated or reflected radiation of the same wavelengths as said different wavelength range, whereby operations performed on the web may be properly coordinated.
a) an elongated web having printed locating portions disposed along the web in a repetitive pattern;
b) the locating portions normally being essentially invisible such that the web has an appearance to visual observation essentially no different than a web without such locating portions but otherwise identical;
c) the locating portions including pigments which are essentially invisible and are responsive to electro-magnetic radiation of a given intensity and wavelength range to cause a shift in wavelength of that radiation and to emit radiation in a different wavelength range;
and, d) the locating portion emissions when exposed to radiation of such given intensity and wavelength range being sufficiently different in intensity from radiated or reflected radiation from other portions of the web when the web is used in an illuminated environ-ment wherein humans are present to enable reliable detection by a detector continuously scanning the web to detect the presence of such indicia while avoiding false detection signals in response to radiated or reflected radiation of the same wavelengths as said different wavelength range, whereby operations performed on the web may be properly coordinated.
5. An article of manufacture comprising:
a) an elongated web having at least one set of repetitive, spaced, transversely extending structurally modified parts such as seals or lines of weakness that physically vary from other parts of the web to adapt the web to be separated into a plurality of like commodi-ties useful in packaging;
b) the web having informative printing thereon;
c) at least one set of spaced, repetitive indicia on the web, the indicia being spaced along the web;
d) each such indicia including transparent, light wavelength shifting particles; and, e) the particles having the physical property of being stimulatable by a relatively high intensity electromagnetic radiation of a certain wavelength range and upon being so stimulated emitting relatively high intensity electromagnetic radiation of a different wavelength range, the intensity of said emitted energy in the different range being greater than the intensity of energy in said different range which is reflected by non-indicia portions of the web.
a) an elongated web having at least one set of repetitive, spaced, transversely extending structurally modified parts such as seals or lines of weakness that physically vary from other parts of the web to adapt the web to be separated into a plurality of like commodi-ties useful in packaging;
b) the web having informative printing thereon;
c) at least one set of spaced, repetitive indicia on the web, the indicia being spaced along the web;
d) each such indicia including transparent, light wavelength shifting particles; and, e) the particles having the physical property of being stimulatable by a relatively high intensity electromagnetic radiation of a certain wavelength range and upon being so stimulated emitting relatively high intensity electromagnetic radiation of a different wavelength range, the intensity of said emitted energy in the different range being greater than the intensity of energy in said different range which is reflected by non-indicia portions of the web.
6. An article of manufacture comprising:
a) an elongated tubular web of plastic having at least one set of repetitive, spaced, transversely extending structurally modified parts such as seals or lines of weakness that physically vary from other parts of the web;
b) said web having colored printing thereon pro-viding decoration or information or both;
c) at least one set of spaced, repetitive indicia imprinted thereon, the indicia being spaced along the web at intervals corresponding to the intervals of the parts of one of said sets of parts;
d) each such indicia including transparent, light wavelength shifting particles;
e) the particles having the physical property of being stimulatable by a relatively high intensity beam of electromagnetic radiation in a certain wavelength range and upon being so stimulated emitting a relatively high intensity quantity of electromagnetic energy in a different wavelength range, the intensity of said emitted energy in the different range being greater than the intensity of energy in said different range which the web reflects when exposed to ambient illumination in a facility wherein humans are present; and, f) the colored printing on the web including colors which will reflect ambient radiation of the same wave-lengths as the energy in said different wavelength range.
a) an elongated tubular web of plastic having at least one set of repetitive, spaced, transversely extending structurally modified parts such as seals or lines of weakness that physically vary from other parts of the web;
b) said web having colored printing thereon pro-viding decoration or information or both;
c) at least one set of spaced, repetitive indicia imprinted thereon, the indicia being spaced along the web at intervals corresponding to the intervals of the parts of one of said sets of parts;
d) each such indicia including transparent, light wavelength shifting particles;
e) the particles having the physical property of being stimulatable by a relatively high intensity beam of electromagnetic radiation in a certain wavelength range and upon being so stimulated emitting a relatively high intensity quantity of electromagnetic energy in a different wavelength range, the intensity of said emitted energy in the different range being greater than the intensity of energy in said different range which the web reflects when exposed to ambient illumination in a facility wherein humans are present; and, f) the colored printing on the web including colors which will reflect ambient radiation of the same wave-lengths as the energy in said different wavelength range.
7. An article of manufacture comprising:
a) an elongated web having at least one set of repetitive, spaced, transversely extending structurally modified parts such as seals or lines of weakness that physically vary from other parts of the web to adapt the web to be separated into a plurality of commodities;
b) at least one set of indicia applied to the web, the indicia being spaced along the web;
c) each such indicia including electromagnetic wavelength shifting particles; and, d) the particles having the physical property of being stimulatable by electromagnetic energy in a certain wavelength range and upon being so stimulated emitting energy in a different wavelength range, the intensity of said emitting energy in the different range being different than the intensity of energy in said different range which is reflected by non-indicia portions of the web when exposed to ambient illumination in an environment wherein humans are present, and the reflected energy including energy in said differ-ent range.
a) an elongated web having at least one set of repetitive, spaced, transversely extending structurally modified parts such as seals or lines of weakness that physically vary from other parts of the web to adapt the web to be separated into a plurality of commodities;
b) at least one set of indicia applied to the web, the indicia being spaced along the web;
c) each such indicia including electromagnetic wavelength shifting particles; and, d) the particles having the physical property of being stimulatable by electromagnetic energy in a certain wavelength range and upon being so stimulated emitting energy in a different wavelength range, the intensity of said emitting energy in the different range being different than the intensity of energy in said different range which is reflected by non-indicia portions of the web when exposed to ambient illumination in an environment wherein humans are present, and the reflected energy including energy in said differ-ent range.
8. The article of Claim 7 wherein the web has at least two plies.
9. An article of manufacture comprising:
a) an elongated tubular web of plastic having at least one set of repetitive, spaced, transversely extending structurally modified parts such as seals or lines of weakness that physically vary from other parts of the web;
b) at least one set of spaced, repetitive indicia imprinted thereon, the indicia being spaced along the web at intervals corresponding to the intervals of the parts of one of said sets of parts;
c) each such indicia including transparent, light wavelength shifting particles; and, d) the particles having the physical property of being stimulatable by a relatively high intensity beam of electromagnetic radiation in a certain wave-length range and upon being so stimulated emitting a relatively high intensity quantity of electromagnetic energy in a different wavelength range, the intensity of said emitted energy in the different range being greater than the intensity of energy in said different range which the web reflects when exposed to ambient illumination in a facility wherein humans are present, and the indicia being essentially invisible when exposed to such ambient illumination but not such relatively high intensity energy.
a) an elongated tubular web of plastic having at least one set of repetitive, spaced, transversely extending structurally modified parts such as seals or lines of weakness that physically vary from other parts of the web;
b) at least one set of spaced, repetitive indicia imprinted thereon, the indicia being spaced along the web at intervals corresponding to the intervals of the parts of one of said sets of parts;
c) each such indicia including transparent, light wavelength shifting particles; and, d) the particles having the physical property of being stimulatable by a relatively high intensity beam of electromagnetic radiation in a certain wave-length range and upon being so stimulated emitting a relatively high intensity quantity of electromagnetic energy in a different wavelength range, the intensity of said emitted energy in the different range being greater than the intensity of energy in said different range which the web reflects when exposed to ambient illumination in a facility wherein humans are present, and the indicia being essentially invisible when exposed to such ambient illumination but not such relatively high intensity energy.
10. The article of Claim 9 wherein the indicia are in the form of a continuous pattern which extends along the web to provide continuous information in response to such high energy electromagnetic radiation.
11. The web of Claim 9 wherein the indicia when exposed to radiation of such relatively high intensity and certain wavelength emit wave shifted radiation of an intensity sufficiently different than radiated or reflected radiation from other portions of the web to enable reliable detection by a detector continuously scanning the web to detect the presence of such indicia whereby operations performed on the web may be properly coordinated.
12. The web of Claim 9 wherein the web has a surface such that when it is exposed to such ambient illumination at least some reflections from ambient illumination are of a wavelength corresponding to the wavelength of the wave shifted radiation.
13. The web of Claim 1 wherein at least some reflections from the coating when exposed to ambient light in a facility wherein humans are present are of a wavelength corresponding to the wavelength of the wave shifted radiation emitted when the indicia are exposed to radiation of such certain wavelength.
14. The article of Claim 4 wherein the web has a surface having reflecting properties such that when exposed to ambient light at least some reflections from such ambient light are of a wavelength corres-ponding to the wavelength of the wave shifted radiation occurring when the locating portions are exposed to such radiation of given intensity.
15. The article of Claim 5 wherein at least some such radiation or reflections when the web is used in such environment are of a wavelength corresponding to the wavelength of said different wavelength range.
16. A process of performing repetitive work opera-tions on a web comprising:
a) applying position locating indicia to the web at spaced positions selected to repetitively produce consistent spacial relationships between each such indicia and a web location where a work operation is to be performed;
b) the indicia applying step including the substep of incorporating into each indicium an electromagnetic wave shifting material which when stimulated emits energy in a wavelength shifted range of an intensity relatively greater than the intensity but in the same wavelength range as the electromagnetic energy ambient to the web;
c) directing electromagnetic energy to the indicia to cause the indicia successively to effect a wavelength shift and emit a relatively high intensity electromagnetic energy signal in said range;
d) detecting the successive indicia signals; and, e) performing a work operation on the web in response to such signal detections.
a) applying position locating indicia to the web at spaced positions selected to repetitively produce consistent spacial relationships between each such indicia and a web location where a work operation is to be performed;
b) the indicia applying step including the substep of incorporating into each indicium an electromagnetic wave shifting material which when stimulated emits energy in a wavelength shifted range of an intensity relatively greater than the intensity but in the same wavelength range as the electromagnetic energy ambient to the web;
c) directing electromagnetic energy to the indicia to cause the indicia successively to effect a wavelength shift and emit a relatively high intensity electromagnetic energy signal in said range;
d) detecting the successive indicia signals; and, e) performing a work operation on the web in response to such signal detections.
17. A process of performing repetitive work operations on a colored web comprising:
a) applying position locating indicia as an outer coating to the web at spaced repetitive, positions selected to produce consistent spacial relationships between each such indicium and a web location whereat a work operation is to be performed without regard to disrupting the appearance of said colored web, said indicia being substantially invisible to inspection;
b) the indicia applying step including the substep of incorporating into each indicium an electromagnetic wave shifting material, the material having physical properties such that when stimulated by electromagnetic energy of a wavelength to which the material is responsive it will emit electromagnetic energy of a detectable wavelength range having an intensity significantly greater than any electromagnetic energy of the same wavelength ambient to the web whereby the indicia emitted energy may readily be distinguished from any web reflected energy;
c) applying electromagnetic energy of an indicia stimulating wavelength to the indicia to cause the indicia to effect a wavelength shift and emit an electro-magnetic energy signal in said wavelength range of an intensity different than that of ambient and reflected radiation;
d) detecting the indicia signals; and, e) performing a work operation on the web in response to such signal detections.
a) applying position locating indicia as an outer coating to the web at spaced repetitive, positions selected to produce consistent spacial relationships between each such indicium and a web location whereat a work operation is to be performed without regard to disrupting the appearance of said colored web, said indicia being substantially invisible to inspection;
b) the indicia applying step including the substep of incorporating into each indicium an electromagnetic wave shifting material, the material having physical properties such that when stimulated by electromagnetic energy of a wavelength to which the material is responsive it will emit electromagnetic energy of a detectable wavelength range having an intensity significantly greater than any electromagnetic energy of the same wavelength ambient to the web whereby the indicia emitted energy may readily be distinguished from any web reflected energy;
c) applying electromagnetic energy of an indicia stimulating wavelength to the indicia to cause the indicia to effect a wavelength shift and emit an electro-magnetic energy signal in said wavelength range of an intensity different than that of ambient and reflected radiation;
d) detecting the indicia signals; and, e) performing a work operation on the web in response to such signal detections.
18. A method of manufacture of a plastic web for separation into a set of like commodities comprising:
a) coating at least portions of one face of the web to modify its appearance and provide a repetitive pattern;
b) applying registration enabling indicia to the web in a repetitive pattern repeating once for each repetition of the coating, the indicia being of a material which fluoresces when stimulated by radiation in a first range of energy by emitting electromagnetic radia-tion in a second energy range having an intensity differ-ent than that emitted by the remainder of web and the coating in the second energy range;
c) moving the web along a path;
d) irradiating the web with radiation in said first energy range as it is moved along the path to cause the indicia to emit radiation in the second range;
e) detecting such indicia emitted radiation as one of the indicium passes a detection location; and, f) performing a work operation on the web in response to detection of said one indicium passing such location.
a) coating at least portions of one face of the web to modify its appearance and provide a repetitive pattern;
b) applying registration enabling indicia to the web in a repetitive pattern repeating once for each repetition of the coating, the indicia being of a material which fluoresces when stimulated by radiation in a first range of energy by emitting electromagnetic radia-tion in a second energy range having an intensity differ-ent than that emitted by the remainder of web and the coating in the second energy range;
c) moving the web along a path;
d) irradiating the web with radiation in said first energy range as it is moved along the path to cause the indicia to emit radiation in the second range;
e) detecting such indicia emitted radiation as one of the indicium passes a detection location; and, f) performing a work operation on the web in response to detection of said one indicium passing such location.
19. The method of Claim 18 wherein the first given range is in the infrared portion of the spectrum.
20. The method of Claim 18 wherein the first given range is in the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum.
21. The method of Claim 18 wherein the detection step includes filtering energy so the detector sees energy in the second but substantially no reflected energy in the first given range.
22. A process of making commodities comprising:
a) coating selected portions of a web with a repeti-tive pattern on web sections which will subsequently be separated to form a plurality of like commodities;
b) applying electromagnetic wavelength shifting reference markers to the web in a repetitive pattern, the markers being substantially transparent in daylight illumination;
c) feeding the web along a path of travel;
d) stimulating the markers with electromagnetic energy of an intensity and in a range of the spectrum which will cause the markers to emit electromagnetic radiation of a shifted wavelength having an intensity significantly greater than the ambient light in the region of said markers so that the markers are readily distinguished from the ambient light;
e) detecting the wavelength shifted radiation; and, f) performing a work operation on the web in co-ordinated relationship with each wavelength shifted radiation detection, each such work operation being coordinated to work on a portion corresponding to like portions on other of the commodities in response to other wavelength shift detections.
a) coating selected portions of a web with a repeti-tive pattern on web sections which will subsequently be separated to form a plurality of like commodities;
b) applying electromagnetic wavelength shifting reference markers to the web in a repetitive pattern, the markers being substantially transparent in daylight illumination;
c) feeding the web along a path of travel;
d) stimulating the markers with electromagnetic energy of an intensity and in a range of the spectrum which will cause the markers to emit electromagnetic radiation of a shifted wavelength having an intensity significantly greater than the ambient light in the region of said markers so that the markers are readily distinguished from the ambient light;
e) detecting the wavelength shifted radiation; and, f) performing a work operation on the web in co-ordinated relationship with each wavelength shifted radiation detection, each such work operation being coordinated to work on a portion corresponding to like portions on other of the commodities in response to other wavelength shift detections.
23. The process of Claim 22 wherein the detection step includes filtering out electromagnetic energy from portions of the spectrum other than that portion of the shifted wavelength.
24. The process of Claim 22 wherein the marker stimulation is with electromagnetic radiation in the infrared portion of the spectrum.
25. The process of Claim 22 wherein the marker stimulation is with ultraviolet light.
26. The process of Claim 22 wherein the detection step includes filtering the electromagnetic radiation so the detector does not respond to reflected marker illuminating energy.
27. A process for controlling an operation of an elongated plastic web comprising:
a) printing a decorative or informative pattern onto the web;
b) treating the web at locations which are selected without regard to the printing to provide normally substantially invisible, spaced, locating portions which fluoresce when irradiated with certain wavelength energy;
c) moving the web along a path of travel;
d) directing energy having a predetermined wave-length from a source to the web to cause said locating portions to fluoresce with a second wavelength of greater intensity than ambient energy of this second wavelength;
e) determining the location of at least one of the locating portions along said path with a detector which senses said second wavelength of greater intensity;
and, f) performing an operation on the web when it is determined that said at least one locating portions is at a predetermined location along the path.
a) printing a decorative or informative pattern onto the web;
b) treating the web at locations which are selected without regard to the printing to provide normally substantially invisible, spaced, locating portions which fluoresce when irradiated with certain wavelength energy;
c) moving the web along a path of travel;
d) directing energy having a predetermined wave-length from a source to the web to cause said locating portions to fluoresce with a second wavelength of greater intensity than ambient energy of this second wavelength;
e) determining the location of at least one of the locating portions along said path with a detector which senses said second wavelength of greater intensity;
and, f) performing an operation on the web when it is determined that said at least one locating portions is at a predetermined location along the path.
28. A process of performing repetitive work operations on a web comprising:
a) applying position locating indicia as an outer coating to the web at spaced positions selected to produce predetermined spacial relationships between certain of such indicia and corresponding web locations whereat work operations are to be performed;
b) the indicia applying step including the substep of incorporating into each indicia an electromagnetic wave shifting material, the material having physical properties such that when stimulated by electromagnetic energy of a wavelength to which the material is responsive it will emit electromagnetic energy of a detectable shifted wavelength range of an intensity significantly greater than any electromagnetic energy ambient to the web having the same wavelength whereby the indicia emitted energy may readily be distinguished from any web reflected energy;
c) directing electromagnetic energy of an indicia stimulating wavelength to the indicia to cause at least one of the indicium to effect a wavelength shift and emit an electromagnetic energy signal in said wavelength range of an intensity greater than that of ambient and reflected energy;
d) detecting said at least one indicia signal; and, e) performing a work operation on the web in response to such signal detection.
a) applying position locating indicia as an outer coating to the web at spaced positions selected to produce predetermined spacial relationships between certain of such indicia and corresponding web locations whereat work operations are to be performed;
b) the indicia applying step including the substep of incorporating into each indicia an electromagnetic wave shifting material, the material having physical properties such that when stimulated by electromagnetic energy of a wavelength to which the material is responsive it will emit electromagnetic energy of a detectable shifted wavelength range of an intensity significantly greater than any electromagnetic energy ambient to the web having the same wavelength whereby the indicia emitted energy may readily be distinguished from any web reflected energy;
c) directing electromagnetic energy of an indicia stimulating wavelength to the indicia to cause at least one of the indicium to effect a wavelength shift and emit an electromagnetic energy signal in said wavelength range of an intensity greater than that of ambient and reflected energy;
d) detecting said at least one indicia signal; and, e) performing a work operation on the web in response to such signal detection.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000381295A CA1173136A (en) | 1981-07-08 | 1981-07-08 | Continuous web registration |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000381295A CA1173136A (en) | 1981-07-08 | 1981-07-08 | Continuous web registration |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1173136A true CA1173136A (en) | 1984-08-21 |
Family
ID=4120384
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000381295A Expired CA1173136A (en) | 1981-07-08 | 1981-07-08 | Continuous web registration |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1173136A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6983686B2 (en) | 2003-06-23 | 2006-01-10 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for producing highly registered printed images and embossment patterns on stretchable substrates |
| US7222436B1 (en) | 2006-07-28 | 2007-05-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for perforating printed or embossed substrates |
-
1981
- 1981-07-08 CA CA000381295A patent/CA1173136A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6983686B2 (en) | 2003-06-23 | 2006-01-10 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for producing highly registered printed images and embossment patterns on stretchable substrates |
| US7222436B1 (en) | 2006-07-28 | 2007-05-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Process for perforating printed or embossed substrates |
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