CA1170057A - Method for protecting plants during transportation by packaging - Google Patents
Method for protecting plants during transportation by packagingInfo
- Publication number
- CA1170057A CA1170057A CA000376323A CA376323A CA1170057A CA 1170057 A CA1170057 A CA 1170057A CA 000376323 A CA000376323 A CA 000376323A CA 376323 A CA376323 A CA 376323A CA 1170057 A CA1170057 A CA 1170057A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- package
- film
- per
- bag
- potted plant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
- B65D85/00—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials
- B65D85/50—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for living organisms, articles or materials sensitive to changes of environment or atmospheric conditions, e.g. land animals, birds, fish, water plants, non-aquatic plants, flower bulbs, cut flowers or foliage
- B65D85/52—Containers, packaging elements or packages, specially adapted for particular articles or materials for living organisms, articles or materials sensitive to changes of environment or atmospheric conditions, e.g. land animals, birds, fish, water plants, non-aquatic plants, flower bulbs, cut flowers or foliage for living plants; for growing bulbs
Abstract
A B S T R A C T
The invention relates to a method for protecting plants during transportation by packaging plant (2) and its pot (1) in a bag (3) which at least partly consists of microporous material (6) having preferably an air-permeability of 0,1 - 300 mm3 air per second per Pascal per m2 of the film material with pore diameters of less than 0,5 µm due to which the bag (3) is self-inflatable, exchange of gases still takes place and the climate within the bag (3) is kept constant.
The invention relates to a method for protecting plants during transportation by packaging plant (2) and its pot (1) in a bag (3) which at least partly consists of microporous material (6) having preferably an air-permeability of 0,1 - 300 mm3 air per second per Pascal per m2 of the film material with pore diameters of less than 0,5 µm due to which the bag (3) is self-inflatable, exchange of gases still takes place and the climate within the bag (3) is kept constant.
Description
35~
~ethod for protecting plants during -transporta-tion by packaging.
The invention relates to a method for pro-tecting plants during transporta-tion by packaging, in which the plants are packaged in a closed enclosure from a film surrounding the plants entirely, in which a slight overpressure prevails and in which the plants are provided with sufficient moisture and/or nutritious substances.
By plants it is understood the plants having its roots in a clod of soil or such a material , said clod in one way or another being kept toge-ther for example by a pot, in other words, each plan-t having its own matrix, thus no cut-flowers.
From the published British Patent Application ~,018,114 it is known to package plants in a substantially impervious plastic -Film material. Said package is infla-ted shortly before sealing by inJect-ing air. By said inflation the plants positioned in the inflated package can be protected against damage. Said inflation becomes a serious complication during packaging. Said inflation does not result in bulging of the package. Consequently, the inflation effect is comparative and disappears after some time period in connection to the "leakage" of the film. The film used for said package is transparant~ However, said transparancy gets lost by condensation of the moisture in the bag.
With the known package a protected long distance transporation is possible and a reasonable well preservation of the plants is achieved.
~n the meantime, in practice it appears that the quality o-f the plants in the package de-teriora-tes sooner -than desired. This happens because in the entirely closed package a very high relative humidity prevails continuously keeping the film continuously wet. The leaves of the plan-ts come in contact with the wet film and spoil. Moreover, the condensa-tion is such that the presentation of the plant at the selling place is no-t acceptable.
If phanerogamic plants are of interest ethylene gas is produced by which the flower perished.
The object o-f the inven-tion is -to provide for a method by which all said problems are eliminated.
3S According to the invention said obJect is achieved by packaging the plants in an enclosure existing at least partly of a microporous film.
,, ~7~ 37 By a microporous film it is understood a film the por osi-ty of ~hich ls suDstarltially lower than that of normal paper, but sub-stantially higher -than tha-t of normal plas-tic foils. Said air-perme-ability may amount between 0.1 an~ 300 mm air per second per Pascal per m of the -film. The pore diame-ter may not be more than 0.5 and preferably smaller than 0.2/um, The maximum porosity of this ranga is yet still substantially beneath -the minimum porosity o-f paper, ~,vhereas the minimum lies far beyond that of plastic film.
Such a film is moisture and air pervious but does not pass bacteria.
Such a microporous film is known per se, for example -from the U.S. Patent 3,~24,998. An enclosure consisting of such a film has the property to inflate itself when in the -interior moisture is-pre-sen-t. Pot plants con-tain moisture in the soil in the pot in which the pla~t i~ posi-tioned.
The microporous film may and will usually consist of a suitable plastic being treated such that the desired rate of porosity is obtained. However, it is also thinkable that the film consists of a paper covered with another material such that the naturally too high porosity is diminished to the microporosity range.
Said microporous packaging hasthe property to enable an exchange between ethylene gas in the package and air from outside. Moisture may pass from the interior to the outside, but so slowly that drying~
up does not take place soon and the humldity is not -too high., This is an important advantage both with respect to an open package and with respect to the entirely sealed package.
In essence a con-tinuous refreshment o-f the air occurs in the package without the possibility of bac-teria penetration.
Thus, with the invention it is possible to position pot plants well groomed in a usually way in a bag consisting at least partly of a microporous film and to seal said bag. After a short time period the bag inflates itself and provides For the desired protection.
Microporous film has the property -to be milky white, i.e. not trans-parant. Now, if one makes the package partly from microporous film and for -the rest from an impervious but transparant plastic film it Appears that by the properties of the microporous film in -the package no condensate is produced on the translucent por~ion o~ the package so that the plant is visible well.
5~7 Thus, it appears that the clima-te within -the bag remains -favour-able much longer for the plan-t. A preservation of a plurality of months is possible withcut any clisadvanta~eous alteration and without care~ The comp]ica-ted inflation with the associated disadvantages is eliminated as well as the necessity -For having -the disposal of the necessary skill for the inflation in order to do this well.
It is noted that from the article "SniJbloemen in opblaasver-pakking" of W.C. Boer and Ing. H. Hatl<ema of the Sprenger Instituut, Wageningen, published in 'Vakblad voor de BloemisteriJ" - 50/51 (1977) on pages 52, 53 it is known to package cut-flowers in bags of plastic foil having self-inflating properties, said self-inflating effect one obtains by adding a quantity of wa-ter to the bag before sealing i-t.
The protection by the aircushion against shock damage is known from said article. Said type o-f package has not proved to be successful.
Condensation and fungoid growth appeared although -to a less extent than in the entirely sealed package and the pro-tecting function by the inflation effect was considered as an inconvenience because thereby, the cut-flowers occupy a much larger volume.
Said package being not a success ~or cut-flclwers may be explained ~0 by ~e fact that cu-t-flowers are in essence a dead produc-t anc! the trans-portation is usually carried out in cooled space~, The coolirlg oppresses the build-up of sufficient vapour tension so that the infiation effect gets lost or is insufficient.
lt is surprising that in packaging pot plants said problems do 25 nvt arise, while the problems of volume does not appear because pot plants are no-t, such as cut--flowers, piled up in lying relation during the transport.
In the drawing an embodiment o-f a package according to the in-vention is illustrated.
Figure 1 shows a package in front elevation.
Flgure 2 shows a package in side elevation.
Figure 1 shows a pot 1 \~ith a plant 2 located in a plastic bag 3 having a sealed or clamped handgrip 4.
Figure 2 shows that the front of the bag consists of a trans-35 lucent foil 5 and the rear-side of the non--translucent microporous foil 6. Tl-e foils 5 and 6 are sealed a-t 7.
Pot plants packaged in th;s way may be placed vertically in any number, for example six or more, in boxes suitable for transportation.
The inflated bags bear against the walls o-f -the box as well as against each other.
For sale one only needs to take them out of the box and to pu-t them down at the destination location. The buyer may see what he buys because the transparency is entirely preserved and the packagereeds to be removed I only when the plant has reached its final destination.
Because moisture and eventually ethylene gas are exchanged with air through the microporous layer the composi-tion of the atmosphere with-in the bag remains optimal so tha-t the plant reaches its destination in a unaltered condition after a long time period after the beginning of the packaging.
For the microporous material are considered suitable: synthetic polymeric film materials such polypropylene and polyethylene, in particular polypropylene is preferred. For example, -the re~uired porosity of the f;lm may be obtained by adding to the thermoplastic film polymer the comparitively high quantity of fine distributed inert film material and after extruding the -film to stretch this and to sub-Ject it to a heat treatrnent. By stretching the~ micropores are formed, in which the filler material produces said formin~. For polypropylene 40 up to 50 weight ~ of the mixture may consist of filler material.
Calcium corbonate represents a suitable inert filler. Other fillers may be barium5ulphate or china clay. In connection to the high per- ., centage of filler material it is preferable to cover this wi-th a lubricant such as calcium stearate.
In stretching stretching ratios of 1.8 up to 4.5 and temperatures of 20 up to 100 C are considered. After stretching ~ heat -treatment takes place at a temperature above the stretching temperature and with a tension control in order to tolerate a controlled shrinkage, ~he heat treatment stabilizes the film ~gainstshrinkage when heating occurs.
For example 5 this may be -the case in sterilization of the film. Does shrinkage occurs then this results in an undesired diminishment of the porosity. By a suitable selection of the condi-tions in the heat -treat-ment, such as temperature and time, one can control the contraction and thereby the porosity of the final product.
lhe a~ded table shows by way of an example a suitable range of conditions for treating a polypropylene having a low melt index and reYeals the features of the obtained microporous film.
,, 7~
^5-Polymer weight percentage 25-60 Filler type .CaC0 weight percentage 35-6 Stretching ratio 1.8 - 4.5 Stre-tching temperature 20-100 C
~leat treatment -temperature 70-145 C
Allowed contraction during heat treatment 0-25%
Permeability (mm3 air/sec/Pascal/m2) 0.1 300 Percentage shrinkage at sterilisation 1 - 28~
Remaining permeabili-ty 0.5 - 150 mm x After sterilisation Mean pore dimension 0.2 - 0.5/um Rate of self-inflatability slow - quick Sterilisation takes place at heat;ng the film at 130 C for one hour.
~, .
~ethod for protecting plants during -transporta-tion by packaging.
The invention relates to a method for pro-tecting plants during transporta-tion by packaging, in which the plants are packaged in a closed enclosure from a film surrounding the plants entirely, in which a slight overpressure prevails and in which the plants are provided with sufficient moisture and/or nutritious substances.
By plants it is understood the plants having its roots in a clod of soil or such a material , said clod in one way or another being kept toge-ther for example by a pot, in other words, each plan-t having its own matrix, thus no cut-flowers.
From the published British Patent Application ~,018,114 it is known to package plants in a substantially impervious plastic -Film material. Said package is infla-ted shortly before sealing by inJect-ing air. By said inflation the plants positioned in the inflated package can be protected against damage. Said inflation becomes a serious complication during packaging. Said inflation does not result in bulging of the package. Consequently, the inflation effect is comparative and disappears after some time period in connection to the "leakage" of the film. The film used for said package is transparant~ However, said transparancy gets lost by condensation of the moisture in the bag.
With the known package a protected long distance transporation is possible and a reasonable well preservation of the plants is achieved.
~n the meantime, in practice it appears that the quality o-f the plants in the package de-teriora-tes sooner -than desired. This happens because in the entirely closed package a very high relative humidity prevails continuously keeping the film continuously wet. The leaves of the plan-ts come in contact with the wet film and spoil. Moreover, the condensa-tion is such that the presentation of the plant at the selling place is no-t acceptable.
If phanerogamic plants are of interest ethylene gas is produced by which the flower perished.
The object o-f the inven-tion is -to provide for a method by which all said problems are eliminated.
3S According to the invention said obJect is achieved by packaging the plants in an enclosure existing at least partly of a microporous film.
,, ~7~ 37 By a microporous film it is understood a film the por osi-ty of ~hich ls suDstarltially lower than that of normal paper, but sub-stantially higher -than tha-t of normal plas-tic foils. Said air-perme-ability may amount between 0.1 an~ 300 mm air per second per Pascal per m of the -film. The pore diame-ter may not be more than 0.5 and preferably smaller than 0.2/um, The maximum porosity of this ranga is yet still substantially beneath -the minimum porosity o-f paper, ~,vhereas the minimum lies far beyond that of plastic film.
Such a film is moisture and air pervious but does not pass bacteria.
Such a microporous film is known per se, for example -from the U.S. Patent 3,~24,998. An enclosure consisting of such a film has the property to inflate itself when in the -interior moisture is-pre-sen-t. Pot plants con-tain moisture in the soil in the pot in which the pla~t i~ posi-tioned.
The microporous film may and will usually consist of a suitable plastic being treated such that the desired rate of porosity is obtained. However, it is also thinkable that the film consists of a paper covered with another material such that the naturally too high porosity is diminished to the microporosity range.
Said microporous packaging hasthe property to enable an exchange between ethylene gas in the package and air from outside. Moisture may pass from the interior to the outside, but so slowly that drying~
up does not take place soon and the humldity is not -too high., This is an important advantage both with respect to an open package and with respect to the entirely sealed package.
In essence a con-tinuous refreshment o-f the air occurs in the package without the possibility of bac-teria penetration.
Thus, with the invention it is possible to position pot plants well groomed in a usually way in a bag consisting at least partly of a microporous film and to seal said bag. After a short time period the bag inflates itself and provides For the desired protection.
Microporous film has the property -to be milky white, i.e. not trans-parant. Now, if one makes the package partly from microporous film and for -the rest from an impervious but transparant plastic film it Appears that by the properties of the microporous film in -the package no condensate is produced on the translucent por~ion o~ the package so that the plant is visible well.
5~7 Thus, it appears that the clima-te within -the bag remains -favour-able much longer for the plan-t. A preservation of a plurality of months is possible withcut any clisadvanta~eous alteration and without care~ The comp]ica-ted inflation with the associated disadvantages is eliminated as well as the necessity -For having -the disposal of the necessary skill for the inflation in order to do this well.
It is noted that from the article "SniJbloemen in opblaasver-pakking" of W.C. Boer and Ing. H. Hatl<ema of the Sprenger Instituut, Wageningen, published in 'Vakblad voor de BloemisteriJ" - 50/51 (1977) on pages 52, 53 it is known to package cut-flowers in bags of plastic foil having self-inflating properties, said self-inflating effect one obtains by adding a quantity of wa-ter to the bag before sealing i-t.
The protection by the aircushion against shock damage is known from said article. Said type o-f package has not proved to be successful.
Condensation and fungoid growth appeared although -to a less extent than in the entirely sealed package and the pro-tecting function by the inflation effect was considered as an inconvenience because thereby, the cut-flowers occupy a much larger volume.
Said package being not a success ~or cut-flclwers may be explained ~0 by ~e fact that cu-t-flowers are in essence a dead produc-t anc! the trans-portation is usually carried out in cooled space~, The coolirlg oppresses the build-up of sufficient vapour tension so that the infiation effect gets lost or is insufficient.
lt is surprising that in packaging pot plants said problems do 25 nvt arise, while the problems of volume does not appear because pot plants are no-t, such as cut--flowers, piled up in lying relation during the transport.
In the drawing an embodiment o-f a package according to the in-vention is illustrated.
Figure 1 shows a package in front elevation.
Flgure 2 shows a package in side elevation.
Figure 1 shows a pot 1 \~ith a plant 2 located in a plastic bag 3 having a sealed or clamped handgrip 4.
Figure 2 shows that the front of the bag consists of a trans-35 lucent foil 5 and the rear-side of the non--translucent microporous foil 6. Tl-e foils 5 and 6 are sealed a-t 7.
Pot plants packaged in th;s way may be placed vertically in any number, for example six or more, in boxes suitable for transportation.
The inflated bags bear against the walls o-f -the box as well as against each other.
For sale one only needs to take them out of the box and to pu-t them down at the destination location. The buyer may see what he buys because the transparency is entirely preserved and the packagereeds to be removed I only when the plant has reached its final destination.
Because moisture and eventually ethylene gas are exchanged with air through the microporous layer the composi-tion of the atmosphere with-in the bag remains optimal so tha-t the plant reaches its destination in a unaltered condition after a long time period after the beginning of the packaging.
For the microporous material are considered suitable: synthetic polymeric film materials such polypropylene and polyethylene, in particular polypropylene is preferred. For example, -the re~uired porosity of the f;lm may be obtained by adding to the thermoplastic film polymer the comparitively high quantity of fine distributed inert film material and after extruding the -film to stretch this and to sub-Ject it to a heat treatrnent. By stretching the~ micropores are formed, in which the filler material produces said formin~. For polypropylene 40 up to 50 weight ~ of the mixture may consist of filler material.
Calcium corbonate represents a suitable inert filler. Other fillers may be barium5ulphate or china clay. In connection to the high per- ., centage of filler material it is preferable to cover this wi-th a lubricant such as calcium stearate.
In stretching stretching ratios of 1.8 up to 4.5 and temperatures of 20 up to 100 C are considered. After stretching ~ heat -treatment takes place at a temperature above the stretching temperature and with a tension control in order to tolerate a controlled shrinkage, ~he heat treatment stabilizes the film ~gainstshrinkage when heating occurs.
For example 5 this may be -the case in sterilization of the film. Does shrinkage occurs then this results in an undesired diminishment of the porosity. By a suitable selection of the condi-tions in the heat -treat-ment, such as temperature and time, one can control the contraction and thereby the porosity of the final product.
lhe a~ded table shows by way of an example a suitable range of conditions for treating a polypropylene having a low melt index and reYeals the features of the obtained microporous film.
,, 7~
^5-Polymer weight percentage 25-60 Filler type .CaC0 weight percentage 35-6 Stretching ratio 1.8 - 4.5 Stre-tching temperature 20-100 C
~leat treatment -temperature 70-145 C
Allowed contraction during heat treatment 0-25%
Permeability (mm3 air/sec/Pascal/m2) 0.1 300 Percentage shrinkage at sterilisation 1 - 28~
Remaining permeabili-ty 0.5 - 150 mm x After sterilisation Mean pore dimension 0.2 - 0.5/um Rate of self-inflatability slow - quick Sterilisation takes place at heat;ng the film at 130 C for one hour.
~, .
Claims (2)
1. A potted plant assembly comprising a potted plant including soil with moisture and nutrients for said plant and a package surrounding said potted plant, the package comprising a sealable flexible package, one portion of which is a microporous film having an air-permeability of 0.1 to 300 mm3 air per second per Pascal per m2 of the film with pore diameters smaller than 0.5 µm, and another portion of which is a transparent substantially impervious plastic film, the package being self-inflating within a short time after sealing due to evaporation of the moisture supplied by the potted plant.
2. A potted plant assembly according to claim 1 r wherein the microporous film portion of the package forms the rear side of the package and the balance of the package is transparent substantially impervious plastic film.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL8,002,435 | 1980-04-25 | ||
NL8002435 | 1980-04-25 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CA1170057A true CA1170057A (en) | 1984-07-03 |
Family
ID=19835212
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CA000376323A Expired CA1170057A (en) | 1980-04-25 | 1981-04-27 | Method for protecting plants during transportation by packaging |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4400910A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0039115B1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU532540B2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1170057A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3163163D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK153829C (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA812721B (en) |
Families Citing this family (207)
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DE2105348B1 (en) | 1971-02-05 | 1972-02-03 | pflanz-frisch Transportsack GmbH, 6954 Hassmersheim | Packaging for plants, in particular forest plants |
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-
1981
- 1981-04-16 DE DE8181200439T patent/DE3163163D1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-04-16 EP EP81200439A patent/EP0039115B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-04-22 US US06/256,397 patent/US4400910A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1981-04-24 AU AU69835/81A patent/AU532540B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1981-04-24 DK DK185881A patent/DK153829C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1981-04-24 ZA ZA00812721A patent/ZA812721B/en unknown
- 1981-04-27 CA CA000376323A patent/CA1170057A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DK185881A (en) | 1981-10-26 |
ZA812721B (en) | 1982-04-28 |
DK153829C (en) | 1989-02-06 |
EP0039115B1 (en) | 1984-04-18 |
DK153829B (en) | 1988-09-12 |
US4400910A (en) | 1983-08-30 |
AU6983581A (en) | 1981-10-29 |
DE3163163D1 (en) | 1984-05-24 |
AU532540B2 (en) | 1983-10-06 |
EP0039115A1 (en) | 1981-11-04 |
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