CA1165337A - Binder - Google Patents
BinderInfo
- Publication number
- CA1165337A CA1165337A CA000385233A CA385233A CA1165337A CA 1165337 A CA1165337 A CA 1165337A CA 000385233 A CA000385233 A CA 000385233A CA 385233 A CA385233 A CA 385233A CA 1165337 A CA1165337 A CA 1165337A
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- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- binder
- blast furnace
- granulated blast
- furnace slag
- days
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding
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- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
BINDER
ABSTRACT
A binder comprises granulated blast furnace slag, a compound of an alkali metal, and an additive selected from the group consisting of portland cement clinker, sodium sulphate, potassium sulphate. The components of the binder are taken in the following ratio, % by weight:
- granulated blast furnace slag...........79 to 98.5 - compound of an alkali metal.............1 to 12 - additive selected from the group consisting of portland cement clinker, sodium sulphate, potassium sulphate.................................Ø5 to 9 The advantage of the present binder consists in high operation characteristics thereof as compared to those of the prior art binder based on granulated blast furnace slags.
ABSTRACT
A binder comprises granulated blast furnace slag, a compound of an alkali metal, and an additive selected from the group consisting of portland cement clinker, sodium sulphate, potassium sulphate. The components of the binder are taken in the following ratio, % by weight:
- granulated blast furnace slag...........79 to 98.5 - compound of an alkali metal.............1 to 12 - additive selected from the group consisting of portland cement clinker, sodium sulphate, potassium sulphate.................................Ø5 to 9 The advantage of the present binder consists in high operation characteristics thereof as compared to those of the prior art binder based on granulated blast furnace slags.
Description
The present invention relates to compositions of binders. Most advantageously the invention can be used for manufacturing concrete and reinforced concrete products.
It is well known that the properties and para-meters of a binder determine the physical and chemical properties of concrete as well as the cost thereof.
Therefore many attempts have been made to improve binder compositions.
Known in the art are binders comprising granulated slag and compounds of alkali metals.
For manufacturing said binders, use is made of granulated blast furnace slags and electrothermophosphoric slags having a specific surface of not more than 300 m2Jkg.
Used as compounds of alkaline metals are carbonates, fluorides, hydroxides and, most widelyj sodium silicates and potassium silicates which are soluble glasses.
Such binders are very active, and concrete stone based thereon possesses high corrosion resistance, cold resistance, water impermeability, heat resistance, air resistance, water resistance, adhesion to fillers, reinforcement, etc. They solidify in the air and in water and possess high hydraulic properties (V.D.
Gluhovsky et al-Shchelochnyie i shelochno-zemelnyie gidravlicheskie viazhushchie i betony, Kiev, Vyshcha shkola Publishers, pp. 103-104).
However, because of considerable variations of chemical, mineralogical and phase composition of slags the prior art binders gain strength slowly.
Therefore said binders are not used as quick-hardening binders.
In addition, cement stone based on such binders in some cases possesses increased shrinking deformation and increased time of damping thereof as compared to portland cement stone.
~ ~ 6~37 There is also kn~wn in the art a binder dis-closed in USSR Inventor s Certificate No. ~08,928 and comprising in % by weight:
- granulated blast furnace slag... 55~5 to 61~0 - soluble glass..... ~..... ~... ~... 29.0 to 33.0 - portland cement... ......... ~... 10.0 to 11.0 To obtain the above binder, the granulated blast furnace slag is preliminarily ground until the s~ecific surface of the slag is 2,800 to 3,000 cm2/g and then mixed with the portland cement. Thereafter the obtained mixture is sealed by an alkali component.
The alkali component is a solution of sodium (or potassium) glass having a modulus of 1.8 to 2.3 and a density of 1.3 to 1.35 g/cm3 in an amount of 40 to 43%
of the weight of dry components.
The tests of the prior art binder have shown that the activity thereof both at early stages of solidification and later is low. In addition, the prior art binder gains strength slowlyO Thus, the compressive strength of the prior art binder in one day is 10.6 MPa, and in 28 days, 32.6 MPa.
This is due to the fact that the binder com-prises portland cement which contains gypsum intensify-ing the solidification process. The gypsum reacts with the alkali component and neutralizes it, which results in the formation of salts. This reduces the content of the alkali component in the binder, which brings about a decrease in the activity and atmospheric durability thereof.
An object of the invention is to provide a binder possessing high operation properties due to an increase in the rate of strengthening and activity thereof.
The object set forth is attained by that there is provided a binder comprising a granulated 1 ~ 65337 blast furnace slag, a compound of an alkali metal and an additive, wherein, according to the invention, the additive is a portland cement clinker, or sodium sulphate, or potassium sulphate, the components being taken in the following ratio~ % by weight:
- granulated blast furnace slag.... 79 to 98.5 - compound of an alkali metal....... 1 to 12 - portland cement clinker, or sodium sulphate, or potassium sulphate as the additive.................. 0.5 to 9 The invention makes it possible to improve the operation properties of the binder due to both an increase in the rate of strengthening and activity thereof.
The above effect is attained due to the optimum ratio between gel and crystals of low-basic compounds in the gel-and-crystalline structure being formed.
It is recommended that the binder comprise granulated blast furnace slag, carbonates or silicates, or hydroxides, or fluorides of sodium or potassium, and a portland cement clinker as an additive in the follow-ing ratio, % by weight:
- granulated blast furnace slag.... 79 to 96 - carbonates or silicates, or hydroxides, or fluorides of sodium or potassium..... ~... O.. ~........... 3 to 12 - portland cement clinker.O....-..-- 1 to 9 This modification of the binder provides for a high and stable strength during the whole period of solidification of the binder, durability and weather-proofness thereof, and in addition allows the utiliza-tion of granulated slags of various basicity for producing a binder possessing said properties.
It is expedient that the binder comprise the ~ i~ 1 65337 granulated blast furnace slag, sodium silicate, and sodium sulphate or potassium sulphate as the additive in the following ratio of the components, % by weight:
- granulated blast furnace slag..... 80 to 98.5 - sodium silicate ................. ~.O 1 to 10 - sodium sulphate or potassium sulphate ~............... ~............ ~. 0.5 to 1.0 Said modification of the binder allows for acceleration of tha hydration process, which provides for a higher strength of the binder at early time of -solidification.
Now the invention will be described by specific Examples thereof.
Example 1 The binder of the present invention comprises, % by weight:
- granulated blast furnace slag................ 79 - compound of an alkali metalO............... ~ 12 - additive ..................................... 9 The granulated blast furnace slag of the following ccmposition was used, % by weight: SiO2, 33.6;
A12O3, 15-85, Fe2~3, 2-45, CaO, 35.67, MgO, 8.90, SO3, 1.34, MnO, 1.40.
9~/O Na2CO3 and l~/o NaOH were used as the com-pound of an alkali metal, and portland cement clinker as the additiveO
To produce the binder, the granulated blast furnace slag and portland cement clinker were ground in a ball mill till the specific surface thereof was 3,160 cm ~g. Then to the obtained mixture a solution ;~ containing 9~/O Na2CO3 and l~/O NaOH was added.
~; ~ The produced binder was tested to determine the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof in 1, 3, 7 and 28 days, the bending strength and the compress-ive strength thereof after steaming~ and shrinkage deforma-1 ~B~337 -- 5 ~
tion thereof in 28 and 100 da~s.
The testing procedures are given below. Theresults of the tests are given in Table 1. For com-parison purposes the Table represents the results of testing the binder disclosed in USSR Inventor s Certificate ~o. 408,~28.
To determine the consistency of the cement solution (binder solution), sand taken in an amount of 1,500 g and having a size of 0.5 to 0.85 mm and a powder taken in an amount of 500 g and consisting of the granulated slag and the additive are mixed toget-her. The blast furnace granula~ed slag and the additive are preliminarily dried until the residual moisture content thereof is 1% by mass and ground to a specific surface thereof of 3,000 to 3,400 cm2/g.
The mixture is poured into a spherical cup preliminarily wiped with a moist cloth and stirred therein for 1 min.
In the centre of the mixture there is prepared a hollow for a solution of an alkali component to be poured therein at a temperature o~ 20 + 2C and in an amount of 150 g, the ratio between the quantity of the solution of the alkali component and the quantity of the cement (binder) being 0.3. Further hereinbelow this ratio will be represented as S/C=0-3- The obtained sand-and-cement mixture is held for 0.5 min. and stirred ~or 1 min., whereupon it is poured into a cup of a stirrer and stirred therein for 2.5 min.
A conical mould having the dimensions of D = 100 mm, d = 70 mm and h = 60 mm is placed in the centre of a 300 mm in dia. disk of a vibrating platform.
Prior to the testing procedure the inner surface of the cone and the disc of the platform are wiped with a humid cloth.
After the stirring has been finished, the conical mould is filled with the mixture to a half height , ' '' ' .
.
~ ~ ~533~
thereof, wherein the mixture is compacted by driving thereinto a rod of d = 20 mm and 1 = 150 to 180 mm 15 times~ Then the cone is filled to an excess with the mixture which is compacted by driving thereinto a rod 10 times. Following the compaction the excess of the mixture is cut off with a knife level with the edge of the cone, whereupon the mould is taken off in a vertical direction.
The sand-and-cement mixture having a shape of a cone is shaken on the platform 30 times in 30 - s~
whereupon the lowest diameter of the cone is measured in two mutually perpendicular directions so as to determine the average value thereof. With S/C = 0.3 the ,spread of the cone should be within the range of 106 to 115 mm. If the spread of the cone is less than 106 mrn, the amount of the solution of the alkali component is increased to obtain the spread of the cone within the range of 106 to 108 mm. If the spread of the cone is more than 115 mm, the amount of the solution of the alkali component is decreased to obtain the spread of the cone within the range of 113 to 115 mm.
The ratio between the amount of the alkali component and the amount of the cement ~binder), obtained after the cone has spread to 106 to 115 mm, is accepted for further tests.
To determine the strength characteristics of the cements (binder), there are produced specimens having a size of 40x40xlO0 mm and made from the cement solution prepared as described above and having a consistency characterized by the spread of the cone within the range of 106 to 115 ~n~
Prior to making the specimens, the inner surface of the moulds is slightly lubricated with machine oil. At least 3 specimens are made for each test.
~r The moulds for making specimens are rigidly secured onto the vibrating platform. The mould is filled with the solution approximately to 1 cm of its height, whereupon the mould ~ shaken. During the first two minutes the mould is gradually filled with small portions of the solution. After three minutes the shaking is completed. The mould is taken off from the vibrating platform, the excess of the solution is cut off with a knife moistened with water, and the surface is levelled off.
Having thus been made~ the specimens con-tained in the moulds are held in a bath with a seal water for 24 + 2 hours. Thereafter the specimens are carefully removed from the moulds and placed horizontally into baths with water so that they do not contact one another~ The water should cover the specimens by not less than 2 cm. The temperature of the water should be 20 + 2C. Then the specimens are taken out of the water, and not later than in one hour are tested to determine the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof.
The bending strength is determined by applying a bending load until a specimen is broken. The halves of the specimens obtained after bending strength testing are placed between two plates, the area of each plate being 25 cm2, and the compressive strength is determined.
To determine the strength after steaming, there are again made specimens as described above. Then closed m ~ ds containing specimens are placed into a steaming chamber and held therein for 120 + 10 min. at a tempera-ture of 20 + 3C, the heater being disconnected. The steaming process is carried out in accordance with the following conditions: gradual raising of temperature up to 85 + 50C for 180 - 10 min.~ holding the specimens at this temperature for 360 + 10 min., cooling the specimens 1,~
~ 1 ~5337 for 120 + 10 min. with the heater being disconnected.
In 24 + 2 hours from the moment of production the specimens are removed from the mouldsl and the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof are determined.
To determine the shrinkage deformation, again specimens are prepared. In the centre of the butt-end walls of the mould there are made sockets to be filled up with plasticine. 5 to 6 in dia. balls are impressed thereinto. Further on, the production of the specimens proceeds similarly to that described above. In 48 + 2 hours, counting from the moment of production, the specimens are removed from the moulds and immediately immersed into water having a temperature of 20 + 2C
for 5 days. Thereafter the specimens are placed into an exicator containing 200 g of dry K2CO3 and 150 ml of the supersaturated solution thereof. The specimens are held under the solution at the temperature of the air in the room being 20 + 2C. Then the lengths of the specimens are measured by any conventional method to an accurac~ of 0.01 mm and its variation is calculated relative to the length of the specimen of the age of 8 days-Example 2 The binder of the present invention comprises, % by weight:
- granulated blast furnace slag ............ 96 - ccmpound of an alkali metal .............. 3 - additive The granulated blast furnace slag of the follow-ing composition was used, % by weight: SiO2, 4~.21;
A12O3~ 5038; Fe203, 0.~7; CaO, 46.3; MgO, 4.50; SO3, 0.56;
MnO, 2.200 Sodium metasilicate was used as the compound of an alkali metal, and portland cement clinker as the ~,, .
additive.
To produce the binder, the granulated blast furnace slag and portland cement clinker were ground in a ball mill till the specific surface thereof was 3,000 cm2/g. Then the obtained mixture was sealed by a solution of sodium metasilicate.
The produced binder was tested to determine the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof in 1, 3, 7 and 28 days, the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof after steaming, and the shrinkage deformation thereof in 28 and 100 days.
The tests were carried out in a manner similar to that described in Example 1. The results of the tests are given in Table 1.
Example 3 The binder of the present invention comprises, % by weight:
- granulated blast furnace slag .......... ~ 87 - compound of an alkali metal ............... 8 - additive .................................. 5 The granulated blast furnace slag of the following composition was used, % by weight: SiO2, 37.52;
A12O3, 9.50; Fe203. 2.2; CaO, 34.9, MgO, 11.25; SO3, 0.66, 25 MnO, 0.36.
9~/O Na2CO3+1C/O ~aOH was used as the compound of an alkali metal, and portland cement clinker as the additive.
To produce the binder, the granulated blast ~urnace slag and portland cement clinker were ground in a ball mill till the specific surface thereof was 3,120 cm2/gA Then the obtained mixture was sealed by the mixture comprising 90/O Na2CO3 + l~/o NaOH.
The produced binder was tested to determine the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof in ~` I
i,, .
~ ~ 6533~
1, 3, 7 and 28 days, the bending strength and the com-pressive strength thereof after steaming, and the shrinkage deformation thereof in 28 and 100 days.
: The tests were carried out in a manner similar to that described in Example 1. The results of the tests are given in Table 1.
Table 1 The binder of the clos d in USSR
Example Example Example Certificate No.
Indices 1 2 3 408,928 . . . ~
Compressive strength, MPa:
in 1 day 15.2 46.8 31.4 13.6 in 3 days 26.4 64.1 51.5 19.5 in 7 days 49.4 73.0 56.6 21.8 in 28 days 89.6 102.4 81~2 30.1 Compressive strength after steaming, MPa 91.2 106.5 88.7 31.4 Bending st~ength, MPa:
in 1 day 2.2 602 4.9 1.4 in 3 days . 2.3 6.3 6.2 2.0 in 7 days 3.9 6.8 7.8 2.3 in 28 days 8.4 9.8 8.9 3.7 :~ Bending strength after steaming : MPa: 9.1 9.3 8.9 3~8 30 Shrinkage deforma-tion, mm~m:
in 28 days 0.5 0061 0.81 1.2 in 100 days 1.38 1.41 1.5 2.45 :
.
Example 4 The binder of the present invention comprises, % by weight:
- granulated blast Eurnace slag ....... 89 - 5 - compound of an alkali metal ......... 10 - additive ~
The granulated blast furnace slag was of the following composition, % by weight: SiO2, 35.71;
A12O3, 11.0, Fe2O3~ 2.8, CaO, 43.35; MgO, 5.25;
10 SO3, 1.23; MnO, 0.49.
Sodium metasilicate was used as the compound of an alkali metal, and portland cement clinker as the additive.
To produce the binder, the granulated blast furnace slag and portland cement clinker were ground in a ball mill till the specific surface thereof was 3,190 cm /g. Then to the obtained mixture a solution of sodium metasilicate was added.
The produced binder was treated to determine the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof in 1, 3, 7 and 28 days, the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof after steaming, : and the shrinkage deformation thereof in 28 and 100 days.
The tests were carried out in a manner ~ similar to that described in Example 1. The results of : the tests are given in Table 2.
Example 5 : The binder of the present invention comprises, 30 % by weight:
- granulated blast furnace slag ............. 98.5 - compound of an alkali metal ~ 1.0 _ .
- additive .................................. 0.5 : The granulated blast furnace slag was of the 35 following composition, % by weight: ~iO2, 35.71, -~ J 8~337 A12O3, 11.00 Fe2O3, 2.8 CaO, 43~35, MgO, 5.28, SO3~ 1.23 MnO~ 0.49.
Sodium metasilicate was used as the compound of an alkali metal, and portland cement clinker as the : 5 additive.
To produce the binder, the granulated blast furnace slag and sodium sulphate were ground in a ball mil.l till the specific surface thereof was 3,270 cm2/g.
Then the obtained mixture was sealed by a solution of 10 sodium metasilicate.
The produced binder was tested to determine the bending strength and the compressive strength there-~ of in 1, 3, 7 and 28 days, the bending strength and the ; compressive strength thereof after steaming, and the ; 15 shrinkage deformation thereof in 28 and 100 days.
The tests were carried out in a manner similar to that described in Example 1. The results - of the tests are given in Table 2.
Example 6 The binder of the invention comprises, % by weight:
- granulated blast furnace slag ............ 93.25 - compound of an alkali metal ............... 6.0 - additive .~ 0.75 : 25 m e granulated blast furnace slag was of the following composition, % by weight: SiO2, 36.39, A12O3, 6.75; Fe2O3~ 2.6; CaO, 45.85, MgO, 2.94; SO3,
It is well known that the properties and para-meters of a binder determine the physical and chemical properties of concrete as well as the cost thereof.
Therefore many attempts have been made to improve binder compositions.
Known in the art are binders comprising granulated slag and compounds of alkali metals.
For manufacturing said binders, use is made of granulated blast furnace slags and electrothermophosphoric slags having a specific surface of not more than 300 m2Jkg.
Used as compounds of alkaline metals are carbonates, fluorides, hydroxides and, most widelyj sodium silicates and potassium silicates which are soluble glasses.
Such binders are very active, and concrete stone based thereon possesses high corrosion resistance, cold resistance, water impermeability, heat resistance, air resistance, water resistance, adhesion to fillers, reinforcement, etc. They solidify in the air and in water and possess high hydraulic properties (V.D.
Gluhovsky et al-Shchelochnyie i shelochno-zemelnyie gidravlicheskie viazhushchie i betony, Kiev, Vyshcha shkola Publishers, pp. 103-104).
However, because of considerable variations of chemical, mineralogical and phase composition of slags the prior art binders gain strength slowly.
Therefore said binders are not used as quick-hardening binders.
In addition, cement stone based on such binders in some cases possesses increased shrinking deformation and increased time of damping thereof as compared to portland cement stone.
~ ~ 6~37 There is also kn~wn in the art a binder dis-closed in USSR Inventor s Certificate No. ~08,928 and comprising in % by weight:
- granulated blast furnace slag... 55~5 to 61~0 - soluble glass..... ~..... ~... ~... 29.0 to 33.0 - portland cement... ......... ~... 10.0 to 11.0 To obtain the above binder, the granulated blast furnace slag is preliminarily ground until the s~ecific surface of the slag is 2,800 to 3,000 cm2/g and then mixed with the portland cement. Thereafter the obtained mixture is sealed by an alkali component.
The alkali component is a solution of sodium (or potassium) glass having a modulus of 1.8 to 2.3 and a density of 1.3 to 1.35 g/cm3 in an amount of 40 to 43%
of the weight of dry components.
The tests of the prior art binder have shown that the activity thereof both at early stages of solidification and later is low. In addition, the prior art binder gains strength slowlyO Thus, the compressive strength of the prior art binder in one day is 10.6 MPa, and in 28 days, 32.6 MPa.
This is due to the fact that the binder com-prises portland cement which contains gypsum intensify-ing the solidification process. The gypsum reacts with the alkali component and neutralizes it, which results in the formation of salts. This reduces the content of the alkali component in the binder, which brings about a decrease in the activity and atmospheric durability thereof.
An object of the invention is to provide a binder possessing high operation properties due to an increase in the rate of strengthening and activity thereof.
The object set forth is attained by that there is provided a binder comprising a granulated 1 ~ 65337 blast furnace slag, a compound of an alkali metal and an additive, wherein, according to the invention, the additive is a portland cement clinker, or sodium sulphate, or potassium sulphate, the components being taken in the following ratio~ % by weight:
- granulated blast furnace slag.... 79 to 98.5 - compound of an alkali metal....... 1 to 12 - portland cement clinker, or sodium sulphate, or potassium sulphate as the additive.................. 0.5 to 9 The invention makes it possible to improve the operation properties of the binder due to both an increase in the rate of strengthening and activity thereof.
The above effect is attained due to the optimum ratio between gel and crystals of low-basic compounds in the gel-and-crystalline structure being formed.
It is recommended that the binder comprise granulated blast furnace slag, carbonates or silicates, or hydroxides, or fluorides of sodium or potassium, and a portland cement clinker as an additive in the follow-ing ratio, % by weight:
- granulated blast furnace slag.... 79 to 96 - carbonates or silicates, or hydroxides, or fluorides of sodium or potassium..... ~... O.. ~........... 3 to 12 - portland cement clinker.O....-..-- 1 to 9 This modification of the binder provides for a high and stable strength during the whole period of solidification of the binder, durability and weather-proofness thereof, and in addition allows the utiliza-tion of granulated slags of various basicity for producing a binder possessing said properties.
It is expedient that the binder comprise the ~ i~ 1 65337 granulated blast furnace slag, sodium silicate, and sodium sulphate or potassium sulphate as the additive in the following ratio of the components, % by weight:
- granulated blast furnace slag..... 80 to 98.5 - sodium silicate ................. ~.O 1 to 10 - sodium sulphate or potassium sulphate ~............... ~............ ~. 0.5 to 1.0 Said modification of the binder allows for acceleration of tha hydration process, which provides for a higher strength of the binder at early time of -solidification.
Now the invention will be described by specific Examples thereof.
Example 1 The binder of the present invention comprises, % by weight:
- granulated blast furnace slag................ 79 - compound of an alkali metalO............... ~ 12 - additive ..................................... 9 The granulated blast furnace slag of the following ccmposition was used, % by weight: SiO2, 33.6;
A12O3, 15-85, Fe2~3, 2-45, CaO, 35.67, MgO, 8.90, SO3, 1.34, MnO, 1.40.
9~/O Na2CO3 and l~/o NaOH were used as the com-pound of an alkali metal, and portland cement clinker as the additiveO
To produce the binder, the granulated blast furnace slag and portland cement clinker were ground in a ball mill till the specific surface thereof was 3,160 cm ~g. Then to the obtained mixture a solution ;~ containing 9~/O Na2CO3 and l~/O NaOH was added.
~; ~ The produced binder was tested to determine the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof in 1, 3, 7 and 28 days, the bending strength and the compress-ive strength thereof after steaming~ and shrinkage deforma-1 ~B~337 -- 5 ~
tion thereof in 28 and 100 da~s.
The testing procedures are given below. Theresults of the tests are given in Table 1. For com-parison purposes the Table represents the results of testing the binder disclosed in USSR Inventor s Certificate ~o. 408,~28.
To determine the consistency of the cement solution (binder solution), sand taken in an amount of 1,500 g and having a size of 0.5 to 0.85 mm and a powder taken in an amount of 500 g and consisting of the granulated slag and the additive are mixed toget-her. The blast furnace granula~ed slag and the additive are preliminarily dried until the residual moisture content thereof is 1% by mass and ground to a specific surface thereof of 3,000 to 3,400 cm2/g.
The mixture is poured into a spherical cup preliminarily wiped with a moist cloth and stirred therein for 1 min.
In the centre of the mixture there is prepared a hollow for a solution of an alkali component to be poured therein at a temperature o~ 20 + 2C and in an amount of 150 g, the ratio between the quantity of the solution of the alkali component and the quantity of the cement (binder) being 0.3. Further hereinbelow this ratio will be represented as S/C=0-3- The obtained sand-and-cement mixture is held for 0.5 min. and stirred ~or 1 min., whereupon it is poured into a cup of a stirrer and stirred therein for 2.5 min.
A conical mould having the dimensions of D = 100 mm, d = 70 mm and h = 60 mm is placed in the centre of a 300 mm in dia. disk of a vibrating platform.
Prior to the testing procedure the inner surface of the cone and the disc of the platform are wiped with a humid cloth.
After the stirring has been finished, the conical mould is filled with the mixture to a half height , ' '' ' .
.
~ ~ ~533~
thereof, wherein the mixture is compacted by driving thereinto a rod of d = 20 mm and 1 = 150 to 180 mm 15 times~ Then the cone is filled to an excess with the mixture which is compacted by driving thereinto a rod 10 times. Following the compaction the excess of the mixture is cut off with a knife level with the edge of the cone, whereupon the mould is taken off in a vertical direction.
The sand-and-cement mixture having a shape of a cone is shaken on the platform 30 times in 30 - s~
whereupon the lowest diameter of the cone is measured in two mutually perpendicular directions so as to determine the average value thereof. With S/C = 0.3 the ,spread of the cone should be within the range of 106 to 115 mm. If the spread of the cone is less than 106 mrn, the amount of the solution of the alkali component is increased to obtain the spread of the cone within the range of 106 to 108 mm. If the spread of the cone is more than 115 mm, the amount of the solution of the alkali component is decreased to obtain the spread of the cone within the range of 113 to 115 mm.
The ratio between the amount of the alkali component and the amount of the cement ~binder), obtained after the cone has spread to 106 to 115 mm, is accepted for further tests.
To determine the strength characteristics of the cements (binder), there are produced specimens having a size of 40x40xlO0 mm and made from the cement solution prepared as described above and having a consistency characterized by the spread of the cone within the range of 106 to 115 ~n~
Prior to making the specimens, the inner surface of the moulds is slightly lubricated with machine oil. At least 3 specimens are made for each test.
~r The moulds for making specimens are rigidly secured onto the vibrating platform. The mould is filled with the solution approximately to 1 cm of its height, whereupon the mould ~ shaken. During the first two minutes the mould is gradually filled with small portions of the solution. After three minutes the shaking is completed. The mould is taken off from the vibrating platform, the excess of the solution is cut off with a knife moistened with water, and the surface is levelled off.
Having thus been made~ the specimens con-tained in the moulds are held in a bath with a seal water for 24 + 2 hours. Thereafter the specimens are carefully removed from the moulds and placed horizontally into baths with water so that they do not contact one another~ The water should cover the specimens by not less than 2 cm. The temperature of the water should be 20 + 2C. Then the specimens are taken out of the water, and not later than in one hour are tested to determine the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof.
The bending strength is determined by applying a bending load until a specimen is broken. The halves of the specimens obtained after bending strength testing are placed between two plates, the area of each plate being 25 cm2, and the compressive strength is determined.
To determine the strength after steaming, there are again made specimens as described above. Then closed m ~ ds containing specimens are placed into a steaming chamber and held therein for 120 + 10 min. at a tempera-ture of 20 + 3C, the heater being disconnected. The steaming process is carried out in accordance with the following conditions: gradual raising of temperature up to 85 + 50C for 180 - 10 min.~ holding the specimens at this temperature for 360 + 10 min., cooling the specimens 1,~
~ 1 ~5337 for 120 + 10 min. with the heater being disconnected.
In 24 + 2 hours from the moment of production the specimens are removed from the mouldsl and the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof are determined.
To determine the shrinkage deformation, again specimens are prepared. In the centre of the butt-end walls of the mould there are made sockets to be filled up with plasticine. 5 to 6 in dia. balls are impressed thereinto. Further on, the production of the specimens proceeds similarly to that described above. In 48 + 2 hours, counting from the moment of production, the specimens are removed from the moulds and immediately immersed into water having a temperature of 20 + 2C
for 5 days. Thereafter the specimens are placed into an exicator containing 200 g of dry K2CO3 and 150 ml of the supersaturated solution thereof. The specimens are held under the solution at the temperature of the air in the room being 20 + 2C. Then the lengths of the specimens are measured by any conventional method to an accurac~ of 0.01 mm and its variation is calculated relative to the length of the specimen of the age of 8 days-Example 2 The binder of the present invention comprises, % by weight:
- granulated blast furnace slag ............ 96 - ccmpound of an alkali metal .............. 3 - additive The granulated blast furnace slag of the follow-ing composition was used, % by weight: SiO2, 4~.21;
A12O3~ 5038; Fe203, 0.~7; CaO, 46.3; MgO, 4.50; SO3, 0.56;
MnO, 2.200 Sodium metasilicate was used as the compound of an alkali metal, and portland cement clinker as the ~,, .
additive.
To produce the binder, the granulated blast furnace slag and portland cement clinker were ground in a ball mill till the specific surface thereof was 3,000 cm2/g. Then the obtained mixture was sealed by a solution of sodium metasilicate.
The produced binder was tested to determine the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof in 1, 3, 7 and 28 days, the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof after steaming, and the shrinkage deformation thereof in 28 and 100 days.
The tests were carried out in a manner similar to that described in Example 1. The results of the tests are given in Table 1.
Example 3 The binder of the present invention comprises, % by weight:
- granulated blast furnace slag .......... ~ 87 - compound of an alkali metal ............... 8 - additive .................................. 5 The granulated blast furnace slag of the following composition was used, % by weight: SiO2, 37.52;
A12O3, 9.50; Fe203. 2.2; CaO, 34.9, MgO, 11.25; SO3, 0.66, 25 MnO, 0.36.
9~/O Na2CO3+1C/O ~aOH was used as the compound of an alkali metal, and portland cement clinker as the additive.
To produce the binder, the granulated blast ~urnace slag and portland cement clinker were ground in a ball mill till the specific surface thereof was 3,120 cm2/gA Then the obtained mixture was sealed by the mixture comprising 90/O Na2CO3 + l~/o NaOH.
The produced binder was tested to determine the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof in ~` I
i,, .
~ ~ 6533~
1, 3, 7 and 28 days, the bending strength and the com-pressive strength thereof after steaming, and the shrinkage deformation thereof in 28 and 100 days.
: The tests were carried out in a manner similar to that described in Example 1. The results of the tests are given in Table 1.
Table 1 The binder of the clos d in USSR
Example Example Example Certificate No.
Indices 1 2 3 408,928 . . . ~
Compressive strength, MPa:
in 1 day 15.2 46.8 31.4 13.6 in 3 days 26.4 64.1 51.5 19.5 in 7 days 49.4 73.0 56.6 21.8 in 28 days 89.6 102.4 81~2 30.1 Compressive strength after steaming, MPa 91.2 106.5 88.7 31.4 Bending st~ength, MPa:
in 1 day 2.2 602 4.9 1.4 in 3 days . 2.3 6.3 6.2 2.0 in 7 days 3.9 6.8 7.8 2.3 in 28 days 8.4 9.8 8.9 3.7 :~ Bending strength after steaming : MPa: 9.1 9.3 8.9 3~8 30 Shrinkage deforma-tion, mm~m:
in 28 days 0.5 0061 0.81 1.2 in 100 days 1.38 1.41 1.5 2.45 :
.
Example 4 The binder of the present invention comprises, % by weight:
- granulated blast Eurnace slag ....... 89 - 5 - compound of an alkali metal ......... 10 - additive ~
The granulated blast furnace slag was of the following composition, % by weight: SiO2, 35.71;
A12O3, 11.0, Fe2O3~ 2.8, CaO, 43.35; MgO, 5.25;
10 SO3, 1.23; MnO, 0.49.
Sodium metasilicate was used as the compound of an alkali metal, and portland cement clinker as the additive.
To produce the binder, the granulated blast furnace slag and portland cement clinker were ground in a ball mill till the specific surface thereof was 3,190 cm /g. Then to the obtained mixture a solution of sodium metasilicate was added.
The produced binder was treated to determine the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof in 1, 3, 7 and 28 days, the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof after steaming, : and the shrinkage deformation thereof in 28 and 100 days.
The tests were carried out in a manner ~ similar to that described in Example 1. The results of : the tests are given in Table 2.
Example 5 : The binder of the present invention comprises, 30 % by weight:
- granulated blast furnace slag ............. 98.5 - compound of an alkali metal ~ 1.0 _ .
- additive .................................. 0.5 : The granulated blast furnace slag was of the 35 following composition, % by weight: ~iO2, 35.71, -~ J 8~337 A12O3, 11.00 Fe2O3, 2.8 CaO, 43~35, MgO, 5.28, SO3~ 1.23 MnO~ 0.49.
Sodium metasilicate was used as the compound of an alkali metal, and portland cement clinker as the : 5 additive.
To produce the binder, the granulated blast furnace slag and sodium sulphate were ground in a ball mil.l till the specific surface thereof was 3,270 cm2/g.
Then the obtained mixture was sealed by a solution of 10 sodium metasilicate.
The produced binder was tested to determine the bending strength and the compressive strength there-~ of in 1, 3, 7 and 28 days, the bending strength and the ; compressive strength thereof after steaming, and the ; 15 shrinkage deformation thereof in 28 and 100 days.
The tests were carried out in a manner similar to that described in Example 1. The results - of the tests are given in Table 2.
Example 6 The binder of the invention comprises, % by weight:
- granulated blast furnace slag ............ 93.25 - compound of an alkali metal ............... 6.0 - additive .~ 0.75 : 25 m e granulated blast furnace slag was of the following composition, % by weight: SiO2, 36.39, A12O3, 6.75; Fe2O3~ 2.6; CaO, 45.85, MgO, 2.94; SO3,
2.61; MnO, 1.63.
Sodium metasilicate was used as the compound of an alkali metal, and sodium sulphate as the additive.
To produce the binder, the granulated blast ~ furnace slag and sodium sulphate were ground in a ball :~:: mill till the specific surface thereof was 3,310 cm2/g.
-Then the obtained mixture was sealed by a solution of ; 35 sodium metasilicate.
I 1 65~37 The produced binder was tested to determine the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof in 1~ 3, 7 and 28 days, the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof after steaming, and the shrinkage deformation thereof in 28 and 100 days.
The tests were carried out in a manner similar to that described in Example 1. The results of the tests are given in Table 2.
Table 2 Indices Example 4 Example 5 Exarnple 6 .
Compressive strength, MPa:
in 1 day 33.5 32.1 30.2 in 3 days 69.0 60.5 58.7 in 7 days 83.4 69.0 68.1 in 28 days 115.0 104.0 90.7 Compressive strength after steaming, MPa: 111.3 106.2 91.4 : 20 Bending strength, MPa:
in 1 day 5 5 4O9 4 0 in 3 days 5.8 5.2 4.8 in 7 days 6.1 6~3 6.2 in 28 dayq 11.4 11.2 7.4 25 Bending strength after steaming, MPa: 11.5 11.6 8.2 Shrinkage deformation, , ml~ m: ~
in 28 ~ays 0.71 0.80 0.76 in 100 days 1.40 1.49 1.42 ~, 1 6~33~
; Example 7 (negative) A hinder comprises, % by weight:
- granulated hlast furnace slag ... ~........ 80 - compound of an alkali metal ........ .. ~ . 10 - additive .~......................... ...... 10 The granulated blast furnace slag was of the following composition, % by weight: SiO2, 33.6, A1203, 15.85; Fe203, 2.45, Cao9 35.67, MgO, 8.90, S03, 1.34, MnO, 1.40.
The compound of an alkali metal was sodium metasilicate, and the additive was portland cement clinker.
To produce the binder, the granulated blast furnace slag and the portland cement clinker were ground in a ball mill till the specific surface thereof was 3S400 cm2/g. Then to the obtained mixture a solution of sodium metasilicate was added.
Thus produced binder was tested to determine the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof in 1, 3, 7 and 28 days, the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof after steaming, and the shrinkage deformation thereof in 28 and 100 days.
The binder was tested in accordance with the testing procedures described in Example 1. The obtained results were as follows:
- Compressive strength~ M2a:
in 1 day .... ~........................... 0. 15.0 in 3 days ... 0........................... ...24.0 in 7 day~ ... ~........................... ..45.0 in 28 day~ .. ~........................... ..60.7 ~ ~ - Compressive strength after steaming, MPaO62.0 ; ~ Bending strength, MPa:
in 1 day ................................ .0 1.8 in 3 days ... ~.u.. `......... O.. O......... ....2.0 in 7 days ... `........................... ....2.8 in 28 days .. ~.... ~...................... ....4.2 - Bending strength after steaming, MPa: 4.2
Sodium metasilicate was used as the compound of an alkali metal, and sodium sulphate as the additive.
To produce the binder, the granulated blast ~ furnace slag and sodium sulphate were ground in a ball :~:: mill till the specific surface thereof was 3,310 cm2/g.
-Then the obtained mixture was sealed by a solution of ; 35 sodium metasilicate.
I 1 65~37 The produced binder was tested to determine the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof in 1~ 3, 7 and 28 days, the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof after steaming, and the shrinkage deformation thereof in 28 and 100 days.
The tests were carried out in a manner similar to that described in Example 1. The results of the tests are given in Table 2.
Table 2 Indices Example 4 Example 5 Exarnple 6 .
Compressive strength, MPa:
in 1 day 33.5 32.1 30.2 in 3 days 69.0 60.5 58.7 in 7 days 83.4 69.0 68.1 in 28 days 115.0 104.0 90.7 Compressive strength after steaming, MPa: 111.3 106.2 91.4 : 20 Bending strength, MPa:
in 1 day 5 5 4O9 4 0 in 3 days 5.8 5.2 4.8 in 7 days 6.1 6~3 6.2 in 28 dayq 11.4 11.2 7.4 25 Bending strength after steaming, MPa: 11.5 11.6 8.2 Shrinkage deformation, , ml~ m: ~
in 28 ~ays 0.71 0.80 0.76 in 100 days 1.40 1.49 1.42 ~, 1 6~33~
; Example 7 (negative) A hinder comprises, % by weight:
- granulated hlast furnace slag ... ~........ 80 - compound of an alkali metal ........ .. ~ . 10 - additive .~......................... ...... 10 The granulated blast furnace slag was of the following composition, % by weight: SiO2, 33.6, A1203, 15.85; Fe203, 2.45, Cao9 35.67, MgO, 8.90, S03, 1.34, MnO, 1.40.
The compound of an alkali metal was sodium metasilicate, and the additive was portland cement clinker.
To produce the binder, the granulated blast furnace slag and the portland cement clinker were ground in a ball mill till the specific surface thereof was 3S400 cm2/g. Then to the obtained mixture a solution of sodium metasilicate was added.
Thus produced binder was tested to determine the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof in 1, 3, 7 and 28 days, the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof after steaming, and the shrinkage deformation thereof in 28 and 100 days.
The binder was tested in accordance with the testing procedures described in Example 1. The obtained results were as follows:
- Compressive strength~ M2a:
in 1 day .... ~........................... 0. 15.0 in 3 days ... 0........................... ...24.0 in 7 day~ ... ~........................... ..45.0 in 28 day~ .. ~........................... ..60.7 ~ ~ - Compressive strength after steaming, MPaO62.0 ; ~ Bending strength, MPa:
in 1 day ................................ .0 1.8 in 3 days ... ~.u.. `......... O.. O......... ....2.0 in 7 days ... `........................... ....2.8 in 28 days .. ~.... ~...................... ....4.2 - Bending strength after steaming, MPa: 4.2
3 3 7 - Shrinkage deformation, mm/m:
in 28 days ~ 0.9 in 100 days ~.......................... 1.3 Thus, if the amount of the additive contained in the binder is greater than that indicated in the claims, both the bending strength and the compressive strength of the binder are reduced.
Example 8 (negative) A binder comprises, % by weight:
- granulated blast furnace slag ~ ....... 97.1 - compound of an alkali metal ............ 2 - additive ........ ~..................................... 0.9 The granulated blast furnace slag was of the following composition, % by weight: SiO2, 33.6 A1203, 15.85 Ee203, 2.45 CaO, 35.67 MgO, 8.90 SO3, 1.34, MnO, 1.40.
The compound of an alkali metal was sodium metasilicate, and the additive was portland cement clinker.
To produce the binder, the granulated blast furnace slag and the portland cement clinker were ground in a bal mill till the specific surface thereof was 3,390 cm /g. Then the obtained mixture was sealed by a solution of sodium metasilicate.
: 25 mus produced binder was tested to determine the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof in 1, 3, 7 and 28 days, the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof after steaming, and the shrinkage deformation thereof in 28 and l00 days.
The binder was tested in accordance with the testing procedures described in Example 1. The obtained results were as -follows:
:
: ' - Compressive strength, MPa:
in 1 day ............................................... ~ 9.3 in 3 days .......................................... 7 ~ 19~ 8 in 7 days ...........~................................... 30.0 in 28 days ........................... ................... 63.6 - Compressive stren~th after steaming, MPa: 64.0 - Bending strength, MPa:
in 1 day ............................. .................. u 1.6 in 3 days ............................ .................... 2.0 in 7 days ............................ ................ ~.O 2.3 in 28 days .......... .............. 5.6 - Bending strength after steaming, MPa: 5.7 - Shrinkage deformation, mm~m:
. in 28 days .......... ~................... 0.9 in 100 days ............................. 1.53 Thus the decrease in the content of the additive in the binder by lower than indicated in the claims causes a considerable decrease in both the bending and compressive strength thereof.
Example 9 ~negative) A binder comprises, % by weight:
- granulated blast furnace slag .. ~.............. 98.7 - compound of an alkali metal .... ~.............. Ø9 - additive ~ 0~4 The granulated blast furnace slag was of the following composition, % by weight: SiO2, 33.6, A12O3, 15-85, Fe2O3, 2-45, CaO~ 35.67, MyO, 8.9 ;: SO3, 1.34, MnO~ 1.4.
The compound of an alXali metal was sodium metasilicate, and the additive was potassium sulphate.
To produce the binder, the granulated blast furnace slag and potassium sulphate were ground in a ball mill till the specific surface thereof was 3,320 cm2~g. Then the obtained mixture was sealed by a solution of sodium metasilicate.
Thus produced binder was tested to determine the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof in 1, 3, 7 and 28 days 7 the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof after steaming, and the shrinkage deformation thereof in 28 and 100 days.
The binder was tested in accordance with the testing procedures described in Example l. The obtained results were as follows:
- Compressive stren~th, MPa:
in l day ~ . 8.1 in 3 days ~ 9.4 in 7 days .................~............................... 21.2 in 28 days ................................................ 49.0 - Compressive strength after steaming, MPa: 49.8 - Bending strength, MPa:
in 1 day ................................................... l.0 in 3 days .................................................. 1.7 in 7 days ............................ ..... 2.1 : 20 in 28 days ................................. . 4.9 - Bending strength after steaming, MPa: 5.1 - Shrinkage deformation, mm/m:
in 28 days ................................. . l.l :~ in lO0 days ................................ . 2.1 The above ratio of the components of the binder causes a considerable decrease in the bending strength and the compressive strength of the binder : and an increase in the shrinkage deformation thereof.
While particular embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, various modifications thereof will be apparent to those skilled in the art and therefore it is not intended that the invention be limited to the disclosed embodiments and departures may be made therefrom within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the claims.
, ~ .
in 28 days ~ 0.9 in 100 days ~.......................... 1.3 Thus, if the amount of the additive contained in the binder is greater than that indicated in the claims, both the bending strength and the compressive strength of the binder are reduced.
Example 8 (negative) A binder comprises, % by weight:
- granulated blast furnace slag ~ ....... 97.1 - compound of an alkali metal ............ 2 - additive ........ ~..................................... 0.9 The granulated blast furnace slag was of the following composition, % by weight: SiO2, 33.6 A1203, 15.85 Ee203, 2.45 CaO, 35.67 MgO, 8.90 SO3, 1.34, MnO, 1.40.
The compound of an alkali metal was sodium metasilicate, and the additive was portland cement clinker.
To produce the binder, the granulated blast furnace slag and the portland cement clinker were ground in a bal mill till the specific surface thereof was 3,390 cm /g. Then the obtained mixture was sealed by a solution of sodium metasilicate.
: 25 mus produced binder was tested to determine the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof in 1, 3, 7 and 28 days, the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof after steaming, and the shrinkage deformation thereof in 28 and l00 days.
The binder was tested in accordance with the testing procedures described in Example 1. The obtained results were as -follows:
:
: ' - Compressive strength, MPa:
in 1 day ............................................... ~ 9.3 in 3 days .......................................... 7 ~ 19~ 8 in 7 days ...........~................................... 30.0 in 28 days ........................... ................... 63.6 - Compressive stren~th after steaming, MPa: 64.0 - Bending strength, MPa:
in 1 day ............................. .................. u 1.6 in 3 days ............................ .................... 2.0 in 7 days ............................ ................ ~.O 2.3 in 28 days .......... .............. 5.6 - Bending strength after steaming, MPa: 5.7 - Shrinkage deformation, mm~m:
. in 28 days .......... ~................... 0.9 in 100 days ............................. 1.53 Thus the decrease in the content of the additive in the binder by lower than indicated in the claims causes a considerable decrease in both the bending and compressive strength thereof.
Example 9 ~negative) A binder comprises, % by weight:
- granulated blast furnace slag .. ~.............. 98.7 - compound of an alkali metal .... ~.............. Ø9 - additive ~ 0~4 The granulated blast furnace slag was of the following composition, % by weight: SiO2, 33.6, A12O3, 15-85, Fe2O3, 2-45, CaO~ 35.67, MyO, 8.9 ;: SO3, 1.34, MnO~ 1.4.
The compound of an alXali metal was sodium metasilicate, and the additive was potassium sulphate.
To produce the binder, the granulated blast furnace slag and potassium sulphate were ground in a ball mill till the specific surface thereof was 3,320 cm2~g. Then the obtained mixture was sealed by a solution of sodium metasilicate.
Thus produced binder was tested to determine the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof in 1, 3, 7 and 28 days 7 the bending strength and the compressive strength thereof after steaming, and the shrinkage deformation thereof in 28 and 100 days.
The binder was tested in accordance with the testing procedures described in Example l. The obtained results were as follows:
- Compressive stren~th, MPa:
in l day ~ . 8.1 in 3 days ~ 9.4 in 7 days .................~............................... 21.2 in 28 days ................................................ 49.0 - Compressive strength after steaming, MPa: 49.8 - Bending strength, MPa:
in 1 day ................................................... l.0 in 3 days .................................................. 1.7 in 7 days ............................ ..... 2.1 : 20 in 28 days ................................. . 4.9 - Bending strength after steaming, MPa: 5.1 - Shrinkage deformation, mm/m:
in 28 days ................................. . l.l :~ in lO0 days ................................ . 2.1 The above ratio of the components of the binder causes a considerable decrease in the bending strength and the compressive strength of the binder : and an increase in the shrinkage deformation thereof.
While particular embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, various modifications thereof will be apparent to those skilled in the art and therefore it is not intended that the invention be limited to the disclosed embodiments and departures may be made therefrom within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the claims.
, ~ .
Claims (3)
1. A binder comprising granulated blast furnace slag, a compound of an alkali metal and an additive selected from the group consisting of portland cement clinker, sodium sulphate, potassium sulphate in the ratio of the components being the following, % by weight:
- granulated blast furnace slag ........... 79 to 98.5 - compound of an alkali metal ........... 1 to 12 - additive selected from the group con-sisting of portland cement clinker, sodium sulphate, potassium sulphate.... 0.5 to 9.
- granulated blast furnace slag ........... 79 to 98.5 - compound of an alkali metal ........... 1 to 12 - additive selected from the group con-sisting of portland cement clinker, sodium sulphate, potassium sulphate.... 0.5 to 9.
2. A binder as claimed in claim l, comprising granulated blast furnace slag, inorganic salt selected from the group consisting of carbonates, silicates, hydroxides, fluorides of alkali metals selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, and portland cement clinker as said additive, in the following ratio of the components, % by weight:
- granulated blast furnace slag ......... 79 to 96 - inorganic salts selected from the group consisting of carbonates, silicates, hydroxides, fluorides of alkali metals selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium ..................... 3 to 12 - portland cement clinker ............. 1 to 9 ,
- granulated blast furnace slag ......... 79 to 96 - inorganic salts selected from the group consisting of carbonates, silicates, hydroxides, fluorides of alkali metals selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium ..................... 3 to 12 - portland cement clinker ............. 1 to 9 ,
3. A binder as claimed in claim 1, comprising granulated blast furnace slag, sodium silicate and, as said additive, sulphate of an alkali metal selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium, the components being taken in the following ratio, % by weight:
- granulated blast furnace slag ......... 89 to 98.5 - sodium silicate ........................ 1 to 10 - sulphate of an alkali metal selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium ....................... 0.5 to 1.0
- granulated blast furnace slag ......... 89 to 98.5 - sodium silicate ........................ 1 to 10 - sulphate of an alkali metal selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium ....................... 0.5 to 1.0
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000385233A CA1165337A (en) | 1981-09-04 | 1981-09-04 | Binder |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000385233A CA1165337A (en) | 1981-09-04 | 1981-09-04 | Binder |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1165337A true CA1165337A (en) | 1984-04-10 |
Family
ID=4120875
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000385233A Expired CA1165337A (en) | 1981-09-04 | 1981-09-04 | Binder |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1165337A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020025691A1 (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2020-02-06 | Katholieke Universiteit Leuven | Fe-rich binder |
-
1981
- 1981-09-04 CA CA000385233A patent/CA1165337A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020025691A1 (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2020-02-06 | Katholieke Universiteit Leuven | Fe-rich binder |
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