CA1134616A - Solid hydrocarbon carrier with absorbed additives for fuels - Google Patents
Solid hydrocarbon carrier with absorbed additives for fuelsInfo
- Publication number
- CA1134616A CA1134616A CA000360123A CA360123A CA1134616A CA 1134616 A CA1134616 A CA 1134616A CA 000360123 A CA000360123 A CA 000360123A CA 360123 A CA360123 A CA 360123A CA 1134616 A CA1134616 A CA 1134616A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- carrier
- additives
- fuel
- complex
- tablet
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
- C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
- C10L1/1608—Well defined compounds, e.g. hexane, benzene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
- C10L1/14—Organic compounds
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
- Detergent Compositions (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE:
The present invention is directed to a complex for adding known additives directly into the fuel tank of a vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine. This particular complex comprises a carrier having additives com-pounded therein. The carrier is in the form of a tablet which is solid under ambient conditions but rapidly soluble in liquid hydrocarbons. The additives are compounded into the carrier in a dosage calculated for a given number of fuel liters.
The present invention is directed to a complex for adding known additives directly into the fuel tank of a vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine. This particular complex comprises a carrier having additives com-pounded therein. The carrier is in the form of a tablet which is solid under ambient conditions but rapidly soluble in liquid hydrocarbons. The additives are compounded into the carrier in a dosage calculated for a given number of fuel liters.
Description
~3'~
This inventlon relates -to a solid fuel-additive complex for adding to ~uels, which can be directly dissolved by the user in the fuel.
Many additives for fuels have been known, ~s intended either for Otto cycle engines or Diesel cycle englnes.
These additives perform various func-tions such as, for example, but not limitedly, the functions of:
- increasing the octane number for gasolines or cetane number for diesel fuels;
- inhibiting corrosion and imparting a detergent effects;
- inhibiting oxidation and development of rubbers and lacquers; and - reducing the smoke (in the Diesel cycle engines).
For the intended use thereof, such additives must be soluble in the hydrocarbons used for internal combùstion engines and under room or ambient conditions are normally at liquid state. Since they have to be dosed in rather small doses in the fuel, such additives are normally available on the market in solvents and/or mineral or synthetic oils.
Thus, the proportion or metering thereof is facilitated.
In spite of that, a direct user may often be in trouble: for example, a motorist or car driver~ that is a typical user, has to introduce into the tank of his motor vehicle a variable amount of liquid additive depending on the existing amount of fuel, and mistakes would readily occur, either in default or excess, by introduclng into the fuel tank a small additive tin or can, such as those commercially available, or operating by small measures. Refineries and stores or depots use such additives in a more concentrated form, being it easier in such a case to provide for correct -1- ~
1~3~
meteriny. ~lowever, cos-t reasons of-ten lead to deal out or distribu-te unadditivated fuels or fuels at a minimum level of additivation.
Thus, the requirement evidently arises of marketing additives for fuels direc-tly usable by a consumer or user with ease and readiness and without any waste and need of trouble-some measurements~
According to -the presen-t invention, such a requirement is solved by providing dosed additives, in a solid form, preferably in the form of tablets, each of the table-ts corre-sponding to the required dose or proportion for a given number of fuel liters, for example 10 liters.
Therefore, the consumer or user (for example, a motorist or car driver) will only have to introduce into the tank as many tablets as tens of fuel liters of refuseling.
In order to attain such an object, the present invention proposes a complex for adding known additives directly into the fuel tank of a vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine, said complex comprising a carrier having additives compounded therein, characterized in that said carrier is in the form of a tablet which is solid under ambient conditions but rapidly soluble in liquid hydrocarbons, said additives being compounded into said carrier in a dosage calculated for a given number of fuel liters.
The solid carrier preferably consists of an acyclic, alicyclic or aromatic hydrocarbon, having respectively a formula with at least 17 carbon atoms for acyclic hydrocarbons, 12 carbon atoms for alicyclic hydrocarbons and 10 carbon atoms for aromatic hydrocarbons.
According to the invention, naphthalene is advantageously used as a carrier.
1~34~16 A further object of the present invention is concerned wi-th a me-thod for adding known additives directly into the fuel carried by a vehicle powered by an in-ternal combus-tion engine, said method comprising the steps of combining the additives with a carrier rapidly soluble in liquid hydro-carbons, and forming said mix-ture into tablets which remain solid under ambient conditions, the amount of additive contained in each tablet being restricted -to the dosage calculated for a given amount of fuel.
The solid complex according to the present invention may be obtained by the two following preferred methods:
- hot method: the carrier was melted and the additives solved therein: tablets containing the additives in the desired doses were obtained by cooling from the fluid mixture.
..
This inventlon relates -to a solid fuel-additive complex for adding to ~uels, which can be directly dissolved by the user in the fuel.
Many additives for fuels have been known, ~s intended either for Otto cycle engines or Diesel cycle englnes.
These additives perform various func-tions such as, for example, but not limitedly, the functions of:
- increasing the octane number for gasolines or cetane number for diesel fuels;
- inhibiting corrosion and imparting a detergent effects;
- inhibiting oxidation and development of rubbers and lacquers; and - reducing the smoke (in the Diesel cycle engines).
For the intended use thereof, such additives must be soluble in the hydrocarbons used for internal combùstion engines and under room or ambient conditions are normally at liquid state. Since they have to be dosed in rather small doses in the fuel, such additives are normally available on the market in solvents and/or mineral or synthetic oils.
Thus, the proportion or metering thereof is facilitated.
In spite of that, a direct user may often be in trouble: for example, a motorist or car driver~ that is a typical user, has to introduce into the tank of his motor vehicle a variable amount of liquid additive depending on the existing amount of fuel, and mistakes would readily occur, either in default or excess, by introduclng into the fuel tank a small additive tin or can, such as those commercially available, or operating by small measures. Refineries and stores or depots use such additives in a more concentrated form, being it easier in such a case to provide for correct -1- ~
1~3~
meteriny. ~lowever, cos-t reasons of-ten lead to deal out or distribu-te unadditivated fuels or fuels at a minimum level of additivation.
Thus, the requirement evidently arises of marketing additives for fuels direc-tly usable by a consumer or user with ease and readiness and without any waste and need of trouble-some measurements~
According to -the presen-t invention, such a requirement is solved by providing dosed additives, in a solid form, preferably in the form of tablets, each of the table-ts corre-sponding to the required dose or proportion for a given number of fuel liters, for example 10 liters.
Therefore, the consumer or user (for example, a motorist or car driver) will only have to introduce into the tank as many tablets as tens of fuel liters of refuseling.
In order to attain such an object, the present invention proposes a complex for adding known additives directly into the fuel tank of a vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine, said complex comprising a carrier having additives compounded therein, characterized in that said carrier is in the form of a tablet which is solid under ambient conditions but rapidly soluble in liquid hydrocarbons, said additives being compounded into said carrier in a dosage calculated for a given number of fuel liters.
The solid carrier preferably consists of an acyclic, alicyclic or aromatic hydrocarbon, having respectively a formula with at least 17 carbon atoms for acyclic hydrocarbons, 12 carbon atoms for alicyclic hydrocarbons and 10 carbon atoms for aromatic hydrocarbons.
According to the invention, naphthalene is advantageously used as a carrier.
1~34~16 A further object of the present invention is concerned wi-th a me-thod for adding known additives directly into the fuel carried by a vehicle powered by an in-ternal combus-tion engine, said method comprising the steps of combining the additives with a carrier rapidly soluble in liquid hydro-carbons, and forming said mix-ture into tablets which remain solid under ambient conditions, the amount of additive contained in each tablet being restricted -to the dosage calculated for a given amount of fuel.
The solid complex according to the present invention may be obtained by the two following preferred methods:
- hot method: the carrier was melted and the additives solved therein: tablets containing the additives in the desired doses were obtained by cooling from the fluid mixture.
..
- 2 a -s~
~Y
- cold method: the carrier was ground to the desired granul-ometry, the additives were absorbed by the ground under continuous stirring and tablets with the desired dosage or proportion were pressure formed from the mass thus obtained.
The following examples will better explain the object of the invention.
~XAMPLE 1 Preparation of a multifunctional additive Eor qasolines-Hot method:
A 2,000 liter stainless steel vessel was charged with 838 kg technically pure naphthalene. After heating, the melted mass was raised to a temperature of 82C, maintaining it under stirring. The mass was then added with 159.5 kg of a polyvalent additive commercially known by the trade mark "Lubrizol 8101", a product of The Lubrizol Corporation (U.S.A.), under continuous mixing as the mixing was carried out. The mass was cooled to a temperature of 20C and then by known means 142,500 tablets were prepared, each of which containing 5,88 g carrier and 1.12 g additive, for use in a proportion of 1 tablet for each 10 liters gasoline.
EXA~IPLE 2 Preparation of a multifunctional additive for gasolines-Cold method:
1000 kg technically pure naphthalene were ground in a ball mill and then screened through a sieve of 800 meshes/sq.cm.
9~6 kg ground product were obtained. The product was introduced into a stainless steel vessel and added under stirring with 134 kg additive commercially known by the trade mark A-577 of the Amoco International S.A. (Switzerland). After 20 minutes, the additive was completely absorbed, and by known tablet forming ; -3-~13'~G
machines 160,000 tablets were produced, each of which containing 6.16 g carrier and 0.84 y addi-tive, for use in a proportion of 1 tablet for each 15 liters gasoline.
Preparation of a multifunctional additive for motor vehicle Diesel fuel - Cold method:
812 kg technically pure naphthalene were ground in a ball mill and then screened through and a sive of 800 meshes/sq.cm. 800 kg ground product were obtained. The product was introduced into a stainless steel vessel and added under stirring with 200 kg mixture of additives commercially known by the trade marks MPA-D and DII2 of the Ethyl Corporation (U.S.A.) in the following proportion: 55-35~
MPA-D and 45-65% DII2 (meaning Diesel Ignition Improver). After 25 minutes the additive was completely absorbed and by known tablet forming maehines 80,000 tablets were produced, each of which con-taining 10 g carrier and 2.5 g additives in the seleeted proportion, for use in a proportion of 1 tablet for each 5 liters Diesel fuel.
Thus, solid tablets are obtained, which can be directly used by a consumer or user.
The product has the following characteristics:
- it is readily usable by a direct consumer or user since each piece is a dose for a determined number of fuel liters, without requiring any measurements;
- easy stocking and absenee of danger in produet storing;
- the partieular eomposition, highger specific weight than that of the eommereial fuels, allows the dose -to fall down on the tank bottom with a gradual time dissolution, and allows a larger eoneentration of active materials at the tank bottom, where the ~"
fuel drawing occurs, capable of effecting a strong chemical action in connection with the characteristics thereof.
In connection with the product being used, the fol-lowing effects are obtained:
lSt on an Otto cycle en~ine:
- fuel cleaning (detergent action);
- improved cleaning throughout the engine, and partic-ularly in the P.C.V. valve (dispersing action);
- reduction in ice development in the fuel (anti-icing action);
- anti-rust and corrosion protection of the tank and gasoline supply line; and - reduction in generation of contaminating products, such as carbon oxides and uncombusted hydrocarbons.
2nd on a Diesel cycle engine:
- increase in cetane number;
- reduction in smokiness;
- detergency of the injectors;
- anti-corrosion and rust action in the tank and throughout the Diesel fuel supply circuit;
- extension of the interval of time in the control of the injection system;
- increase in engine efficiency; and - easiness in starting even under cold condition.
The products in the form of tablets can be distributed in heat-sealed preparations in order to ensure the time stability thereof and easy handling, and contained in boxes or in any suitable type of containers.
~Y
- cold method: the carrier was ground to the desired granul-ometry, the additives were absorbed by the ground under continuous stirring and tablets with the desired dosage or proportion were pressure formed from the mass thus obtained.
The following examples will better explain the object of the invention.
~XAMPLE 1 Preparation of a multifunctional additive Eor qasolines-Hot method:
A 2,000 liter stainless steel vessel was charged with 838 kg technically pure naphthalene. After heating, the melted mass was raised to a temperature of 82C, maintaining it under stirring. The mass was then added with 159.5 kg of a polyvalent additive commercially known by the trade mark "Lubrizol 8101", a product of The Lubrizol Corporation (U.S.A.), under continuous mixing as the mixing was carried out. The mass was cooled to a temperature of 20C and then by known means 142,500 tablets were prepared, each of which containing 5,88 g carrier and 1.12 g additive, for use in a proportion of 1 tablet for each 10 liters gasoline.
EXA~IPLE 2 Preparation of a multifunctional additive for gasolines-Cold method:
1000 kg technically pure naphthalene were ground in a ball mill and then screened through a sieve of 800 meshes/sq.cm.
9~6 kg ground product were obtained. The product was introduced into a stainless steel vessel and added under stirring with 134 kg additive commercially known by the trade mark A-577 of the Amoco International S.A. (Switzerland). After 20 minutes, the additive was completely absorbed, and by known tablet forming ; -3-~13'~G
machines 160,000 tablets were produced, each of which containing 6.16 g carrier and 0.84 y addi-tive, for use in a proportion of 1 tablet for each 15 liters gasoline.
Preparation of a multifunctional additive for motor vehicle Diesel fuel - Cold method:
812 kg technically pure naphthalene were ground in a ball mill and then screened through and a sive of 800 meshes/sq.cm. 800 kg ground product were obtained. The product was introduced into a stainless steel vessel and added under stirring with 200 kg mixture of additives commercially known by the trade marks MPA-D and DII2 of the Ethyl Corporation (U.S.A.) in the following proportion: 55-35~
MPA-D and 45-65% DII2 (meaning Diesel Ignition Improver). After 25 minutes the additive was completely absorbed and by known tablet forming maehines 80,000 tablets were produced, each of which con-taining 10 g carrier and 2.5 g additives in the seleeted proportion, for use in a proportion of 1 tablet for each 5 liters Diesel fuel.
Thus, solid tablets are obtained, which can be directly used by a consumer or user.
The product has the following characteristics:
- it is readily usable by a direct consumer or user since each piece is a dose for a determined number of fuel liters, without requiring any measurements;
- easy stocking and absenee of danger in produet storing;
- the partieular eomposition, highger specific weight than that of the eommereial fuels, allows the dose -to fall down on the tank bottom with a gradual time dissolution, and allows a larger eoneentration of active materials at the tank bottom, where the ~"
fuel drawing occurs, capable of effecting a strong chemical action in connection with the characteristics thereof.
In connection with the product being used, the fol-lowing effects are obtained:
lSt on an Otto cycle en~ine:
- fuel cleaning (detergent action);
- improved cleaning throughout the engine, and partic-ularly in the P.C.V. valve (dispersing action);
- reduction in ice development in the fuel (anti-icing action);
- anti-rust and corrosion protection of the tank and gasoline supply line; and - reduction in generation of contaminating products, such as carbon oxides and uncombusted hydrocarbons.
2nd on a Diesel cycle engine:
- increase in cetane number;
- reduction in smokiness;
- detergency of the injectors;
- anti-corrosion and rust action in the tank and throughout the Diesel fuel supply circuit;
- extension of the interval of time in the control of the injection system;
- increase in engine efficiency; and - easiness in starting even under cold condition.
The products in the form of tablets can be distributed in heat-sealed preparations in order to ensure the time stability thereof and easy handling, and contained in boxes or in any suitable type of containers.
Claims (9)
1. A complex for adding known additives directly into the fuel tank of a vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine, said complex comprising a carrier having additives compounded therein, characterized in that said carrier is in the form of a tablet which is solid under ambient conditions but rapidly soluble in liquid hydrocarbons, said additives being compounded into said carrier in a dosage calculated for a given number of fuel liters.
2. A complex according to claim 1, characterized in that said carrier comprises a hydrocarbon.
3. A complex according to claim 2, characterized in that said hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of acyclic hydrocarbons having a formula with at least 17 carbon atoms.
4. A complex according to claim 2, characterized in that said hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of alycyclic hydrocarbons having a formula of at least 12 carbon atoms.
5. A complex according to claim 2, characterized in that said hydrocarbon is selected from the group consisting of aromatic hydrocarbons having a formula with at least 10 carbon atoms.
6. A complex according to claim 5, characterized in that said carrier comprises naphthalene.
7. A method for adding known additives directly into the fuel carried by a vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine, said method comprising the steps of combining the additives with a carrier rapidly soluble in liquid hydrocarbons, and forming said mixture into tablets which remain solid under ambient conditions, the amount of additive contained in each tablet being restricted to the dosage calculated for a given amount of fuel.
8. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that the carrier was melted and the additive dissolved therein, the tablet being formed when the mixture cooled.
9. A method according to claim 7, characterized in that said carrier is ground to the desired granulometry, the additive is mixed into the ground carrier, and said tablets pressed from the mixture.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| IT8020113A IT1206306B (en) | 1980-02-22 | 1980-02-22 | SOLID COMPLEX WITH FUEL ADDITIVE. |
| IT20113A/80 | 1980-02-22 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1134616A true CA1134616A (en) | 1982-11-02 |
Family
ID=11163898
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA000360123A Expired CA1134616A (en) | 1980-02-22 | 1980-09-11 | Solid hydrocarbon carrier with absorbed additives for fuels |
Country Status (26)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS56118492A (en) |
| AT (1) | AT373619B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU6516980A (en) |
| BE (1) | BE886398A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8008620A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1134616A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH645402A5 (en) |
| DD (1) | DD155904A5 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3044103A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK530180A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES8205853A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI74300C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2476673B1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2079783B (en) |
| GR (1) | GR70227B (en) |
| IE (1) | IE50589B1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL61632A0 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT1206306B (en) |
| LU (1) | LU82969A1 (en) |
| NL (1) | NL8007027A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO151160C (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ195826A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL228840A1 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT71800B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE8008403L (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA807518B (en) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4639255A (en) * | 1980-01-15 | 1987-01-27 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Solid form additives and method of forming same |
| IT1156129B (en) * | 1982-12-02 | 1987-01-28 | Anic Spa | CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS TO BE USED AS SOLID SUPPORTS OF FUEL ADDITIVES |
| FR2557587B1 (en) * | 1984-01-04 | 1986-10-17 | Polaroil Sa | HYDROCARBON ADDITIVE, PROCESS FOR THEIR PREPARATION, USE FOR LOWERING THE LIMIT TEMPERATURE OF FILTERABILITY OF FUELOILS AND GASOILS |
| GB2214517A (en) * | 1988-01-27 | 1989-09-06 | Exxon Chemical Patents Inc | Carrier for additives for liquid hydrocarbons |
| DE19804756A1 (en) | 1998-02-06 | 1999-08-12 | Basf Ag | Solid fuel additives |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB539285A (en) * | 1940-03-08 | 1941-09-03 | Stanley Ben Grundy | Improvements in and relating to chemical preparations for addition to motor spirit |
| DE1015268B (en) * | 1954-08-05 | 1957-09-05 | Ethyl Corp | Method for operating an engine with compression ignition |
| FR1402907A (en) * | 1964-03-12 | 1965-06-18 | Integral powder decalaminant | |
| FR1468882A (en) * | 1965-11-03 | 1967-02-10 | Liem Ets | Process for adding chemical compounds to fuels or liquid fuels |
| US3781171A (en) * | 1971-09-24 | 1973-12-25 | G Maccaferri | Additive composition for the combustion air in internal combustion engines |
| GB1455250A (en) * | 1972-12-13 | 1976-11-10 | Century Oils Ltd | Corrosion inhibitng preparations |
-
1980
- 1980-02-22 IT IT8020113A patent/IT1206306B/en active
- 1980-08-13 FR FR8018084A patent/FR2476673B1/en not_active Expired
- 1980-08-19 GB GB8026970A patent/GB2079783B/en not_active Expired
- 1980-09-11 CA CA000360123A patent/CA1134616A/en not_active Expired
- 1980-09-12 PT PT71800A patent/PT71800B/en unknown
- 1980-11-24 DE DE19803044103 patent/DE3044103A1/en active Granted
- 1980-11-28 BE BE0/202969A patent/BE886398A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-11-28 LU LU82969A patent/LU82969A1/en unknown
- 1980-12-01 SE SE8008403A patent/SE8008403L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-12-02 ZA ZA00807518A patent/ZA807518B/en unknown
- 1980-12-04 FI FI803783A patent/FI74300C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-12-04 IL IL61632A patent/IL61632A0/en unknown
- 1980-12-04 CH CH897180A patent/CH645402A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-12-08 AU AU65169/80A patent/AU6516980A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1980-12-12 AT AT0604080A patent/AT373619B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1980-12-12 DK DK530180A patent/DK530180A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-12-15 NZ NZ195826A patent/NZ195826A/en unknown
- 1980-12-19 GR GR63724A patent/GR70227B/el unknown
- 1980-12-22 IE IE2701/80A patent/IE50589B1/en unknown
- 1980-12-24 NL NL8007027A patent/NL8007027A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1980-12-29 NO NO803948A patent/NO151160C/en unknown
- 1980-12-30 DD DD80226725A patent/DD155904A5/en unknown
- 1980-12-30 PL PL22884080A patent/PL228840A1/xx unknown
- 1980-12-30 BR BR8008620A patent/BR8008620A/en unknown
-
1981
- 1981-01-06 JP JP62481A patent/JPS56118492A/en active Granted
- 1981-02-11 ES ES499337A patent/ES8205853A1/en not_active Expired
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| MKEX | Expiry |