CA1129647A - Chain construction and arrangement for rotary kiln-type devices - Google Patents
Chain construction and arrangement for rotary kiln-type devicesInfo
- Publication number
- CA1129647A CA1129647A CA350,735A CA350735A CA1129647A CA 1129647 A CA1129647 A CA 1129647A CA 350735 A CA350735 A CA 350735A CA 1129647 A CA1129647 A CA 1129647A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- chain
- links
- link
- array
- flat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000331231 Amorphocerini gen. n. 1 DAD-2008 Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000272470 Circus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000950314 Figura Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008694 Humulus lupulus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000025221 Humulus lupulus Species 0.000 description 1
- 101100005514 Mus musculus Ccdc40 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000037516 chromosome inversion disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150056961 linX gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
- F27B7/14—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined with means for agitating or moving the charge
- F27B7/18—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined with means for agitating or moving the charge the means being movable within the drum
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
- F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
- F27B7/14—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined with means for agitating or moving the charge
- F27B7/16—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined with means for agitating or moving the charge the means being fixed relatively to the drum, e.g. composite means
- F27B7/166—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined with means for agitating or moving the charge the means being fixed relatively to the drum, e.g. composite means the means comprising chains
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Muffle Furnaces And Rotary Kilns (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A chain for use with kilns defines links, each with a flat area. The connection between the links is such that the flat areas in adjacent links tends to align with each other in the hanging attitude of the chain where-by the chain may be hung with the flat areas facing axial flow of materials in the kiln and acting as an impediment thereto. Arrays of such chains are hung from the wall of the kiln to collectively impede the flow of gas-borne particulate material.
A chain for use with kilns defines links, each with a flat area. The connection between the links is such that the flat areas in adjacent links tends to align with each other in the hanging attitude of the chain where-by the chain may be hung with the flat areas facing axial flow of materials in the kiln and acting as an impediment thereto. Arrays of such chains are hung from the wall of the kiln to collectively impede the flow of gas-borne particulate material.
Description
1~L2~3~i4~
This invention relates to a chain and to an arrange-ment of chains for use in rotary kiln-type devices having rotatable walled passages wherein there is gas borne parti~
culate material.
Examples of such rotary kiln-type devices rotatable walled passages include : rotating kilns, drum dxiers, calciners, roasters, mixers and the liXe of the type which are used in : making cement, the processing of minerals, mining, the production of li~e and in other industries. The term rotary kiln-type device is thus used herein as a generic term for all such devices. In those of such devices with which the invention is concerned the device rotates with a bed of particulate material therein and heated gases, usually for heating and or for promoting a reaction in the particulate material, travel over the bed in the opposite direction to the general intended flow direction of the particulate material through the kiln-type device. Frequently such rotary - kiln-type device is provided with means for raising the particulate material into the gas stream which increases the amount thereof which is gas borne.
In such an environment a substantial proportion of the particulate material in the kiln-type device becomes suspended in and carried by the heated gases. I f such suspended material escapes from the kiln-type device in the counter flow direction it causes a loss of the particulate material and o~ heat. In some instances, under present practices, part of the escaped particulate material is recaptured in suitable external dust collection equipment a~d returned to the kiln. However the recapture of the escaped dust requires a substantial inves~ment r~
~L~2~64 in dust collection equipment and in material handling eqip-ment, which is required to permit return of the dust to the kiln-type device. Moreover, such dust recapture and return procedures tend to resemble batch type processes, whereas the operation in a kiln type device is usually a continuous process. The superposition of a batch type operation on the continuous process tends to introduce dis-continuities in the thermal or chemical operations in the continuous process.
In other cases, the dust is removed fro~ the gases in separate equipment to meet environmental criteria. Such separate e~uip~ent may involve the use of wet scrubbers or similar equipment to minimi2e environmental pollution. Such devices of couxse involve additional expense, maintenance and space.
It is an object of the invention to provide a chain which may be suspended from the inside wall of a rotary kiln type device and which will be effective to interfere with the path of gas-borne particulate ma~erial and to cause particulate material to fall out of the gas stream due to : loss of momentum of the particle; to impact on the chain; deflections of the gas stream; and centrifugal force.
It is an o~ject of the invention to provide a chain which may be suspended from the cylindrical inner wall of the kiln type device, which chain comprises a plurality of wide, relatively flat, linXs, connected to flex about axes perpendi-c~lar to the axis of the chain but further connected to tend to ~aintain their flat sides directed in the same direction.
With the flat sides directed in the same direction, such chain may be suspended with its flat sides facing the dire_tion of ~Z9~47 gas flow to provide maximum effect in removing particulate material from the gas.
It is an o~ject of the invention to combine an array of such chains suspended at circu~ferentially spaced points abo~t the inner wall of a kiln type device, where~y a plurality of sucn chains will hang fro~ the part of the inner wall uppermost at the time, to form a collective impediment, to the ~low of particulate matter therepast, and instruments for removing parti.culate ~aterial from the gas stream.
It ls a preferred object of the invention to co~bine an array of chains described in the previous paragraph with at least one other similar array wherein the similar array is displaced axially along the kiln type device from the ~irst array ~nd where the circumferential disposition of the chains of the second array are respectively selected to be located between circumferential locations of chains of said first set, whereby the combined sets form a collective barrier which tends to re~ove particulate matter fro~ the gases due to such efects as their 10s5 of mo~entum and to the centrifugal effects thereon.
In drawings which show a preferred embodiment of the invention :
Figure 1 shows a preferred form of chain, in accord with the invention, viewed axially of the kiln, Fiyure 2 shows the chain of Figure 1 viewed horizontally and transverse to the axis of the kiln, Figure 3 shows the relative arrangement of two arrays of chain suspension points in a flattened view of a kiln wall, 1il29~i~47 Figure 4 is an enlargement of a portion of Figure 1 showing the connection of links in the chain, Figure 5 shows an alternate link to that shown in Figures 1-4, Figure 6 shows a further alternate link and chain to those shown in Figures 1-4, Figure 7 shows a view along the line 7-7 of Figure 6, and Figure 8 shows a cross-section of a kiln, wh~rein there are chains in accord with Figure 1.
Figure 9 shows a side view of a kiln in which the invention may be used.
In the drawings, the chain of Figures 1, 2 and 4 comprises a link 11 which is a flat plate 10 having wider width and depth dimensions than thickness, and deining at each end generally semi-circular shapecl apertures 12, convex toward the end of the link, as best shown in Figure 4. It will be noted, from Figure 2, that the thickness of the link, although substantially less than its length or width is preferably larger at the ends than in the central portion of the link. As best shown in Figure 4, the material defining the semicircular opening is provided with two inwardly directed abutments 14 symmetrically located on each side of the median of the flat ~ ~;
side of the link. The portion of the opening between and above the abutments forms a shallow slot for reception of the joining link. It will be noted that the slot, as defined by the abutments 14 and as shown in Figure 4 preferably has tapering sides 16, tapering inwardly toward the end of the link as defined by the abutment surfaces. It will also be noted that f~ ~
~12~6~L7 i the defining walls of the slot are substantially transverse to the median plane of the flat plate of the link, i.e.
the cross section of the aperture is constant through the thickness of the link.
The joining link 18 is preerably a ring, sho~n in various views of Figures 1,2 and 4. It will be seen that a link 18 joins two flat links 11 passing through the upper aperture 12 of one and the lower aperture 12 of the other.
As best shown in Figure 4 the joining link preferably has a generally rectangular cross-section wider than its depth (in the preferred attitude as shown in solid lines in Figure 4).
The width of the cross-section of the joining link is pre-ferably selected so that, when new its upper corners ride on the tapering sides 16 of the flat link. The links 11, and ~8 under the gravitational effects on a hanging chain, tend to assume the attitude of Figure 4, and in inverted relation-ship the same attitude at the bottom of the link 11. W~en ~he chain, under rotary operation of the kiln, begins to wear, ; the wear on the engaging surfaces of the joining and flat link 11 and 18, causes ring 18 to ride gradually upward into the slot.
Because the sides defining the slot are transverse to the ~edian plane of the flat link the joining link tends to maintain its alignment approximately perpendicular to the two flat links it joins, and hence, when the chain i5 hanging, tends to maintain the flat links aligned, one with the other. The thicker portions 20 at each end of link 11 assist in this result.
Thus, as shown, the chain may be joined by a shackle 22 to a metal hanger 24 welded to the metal, outer surface 26 of the kiln, and extending inwardly through the kiln walls. As 96~7 shown the shackle may be selected in cooperation with the hanger design and the link design to tend to keep a desired alignment, in a hanging chain, between the hanger on the one hand and the top link of the chain on the other hand. Thus the chains, as de-signed, may be suspended from suspension points (represented by the hangers) to hang with their flat sides aligned and with their faces perpendicular to the axis of the kiln~ Obviously this will not be true of chains when they are trailing on the wall of the kiln, or on the bed of material therein or when they are tangled.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, shown in Figures 1,2 and 4; and hest illustrated in Figure 4 the depth of the semicircular aperture 12 from the outer end to the centre of the flat side is made sufficiently large to allow the rotation of the joining link 18 therein (the chain dotted orientation of the joining link tends to illustrate thi!3). This freedom of orienta-tion of the joining link 18 in the flat link ll prevents jamming in the oscillation and flexing of the chain so that, when the suspension point of the chain reaches its uppermost point the chain tends to hang straightly.
It will be noted that the form of the chain in Figuresl,
This invention relates to a chain and to an arrange-ment of chains for use in rotary kiln-type devices having rotatable walled passages wherein there is gas borne parti~
culate material.
Examples of such rotary kiln-type devices rotatable walled passages include : rotating kilns, drum dxiers, calciners, roasters, mixers and the liXe of the type which are used in : making cement, the processing of minerals, mining, the production of li~e and in other industries. The term rotary kiln-type device is thus used herein as a generic term for all such devices. In those of such devices with which the invention is concerned the device rotates with a bed of particulate material therein and heated gases, usually for heating and or for promoting a reaction in the particulate material, travel over the bed in the opposite direction to the general intended flow direction of the particulate material through the kiln-type device. Frequently such rotary - kiln-type device is provided with means for raising the particulate material into the gas stream which increases the amount thereof which is gas borne.
In such an environment a substantial proportion of the particulate material in the kiln-type device becomes suspended in and carried by the heated gases. I f such suspended material escapes from the kiln-type device in the counter flow direction it causes a loss of the particulate material and o~ heat. In some instances, under present practices, part of the escaped particulate material is recaptured in suitable external dust collection equipment a~d returned to the kiln. However the recapture of the escaped dust requires a substantial inves~ment r~
~L~2~64 in dust collection equipment and in material handling eqip-ment, which is required to permit return of the dust to the kiln-type device. Moreover, such dust recapture and return procedures tend to resemble batch type processes, whereas the operation in a kiln type device is usually a continuous process. The superposition of a batch type operation on the continuous process tends to introduce dis-continuities in the thermal or chemical operations in the continuous process.
In other cases, the dust is removed fro~ the gases in separate equipment to meet environmental criteria. Such separate e~uip~ent may involve the use of wet scrubbers or similar equipment to minimi2e environmental pollution. Such devices of couxse involve additional expense, maintenance and space.
It is an object of the invention to provide a chain which may be suspended from the inside wall of a rotary kiln type device and which will be effective to interfere with the path of gas-borne particulate ma~erial and to cause particulate material to fall out of the gas stream due to : loss of momentum of the particle; to impact on the chain; deflections of the gas stream; and centrifugal force.
It is an o~ject of the invention to provide a chain which may be suspended from the cylindrical inner wall of the kiln type device, which chain comprises a plurality of wide, relatively flat, linXs, connected to flex about axes perpendi-c~lar to the axis of the chain but further connected to tend to ~aintain their flat sides directed in the same direction.
With the flat sides directed in the same direction, such chain may be suspended with its flat sides facing the dire_tion of ~Z9~47 gas flow to provide maximum effect in removing particulate material from the gas.
It is an o~ject of the invention to combine an array of such chains suspended at circu~ferentially spaced points abo~t the inner wall of a kiln type device, where~y a plurality of sucn chains will hang fro~ the part of the inner wall uppermost at the time, to form a collective impediment, to the ~low of particulate matter therepast, and instruments for removing parti.culate ~aterial from the gas stream.
It ls a preferred object of the invention to co~bine an array of chains described in the previous paragraph with at least one other similar array wherein the similar array is displaced axially along the kiln type device from the ~irst array ~nd where the circumferential disposition of the chains of the second array are respectively selected to be located between circumferential locations of chains of said first set, whereby the combined sets form a collective barrier which tends to re~ove particulate matter fro~ the gases due to such efects as their 10s5 of mo~entum and to the centrifugal effects thereon.
In drawings which show a preferred embodiment of the invention :
Figure 1 shows a preferred form of chain, in accord with the invention, viewed axially of the kiln, Fiyure 2 shows the chain of Figure 1 viewed horizontally and transverse to the axis of the kiln, Figure 3 shows the relative arrangement of two arrays of chain suspension points in a flattened view of a kiln wall, 1il29~i~47 Figure 4 is an enlargement of a portion of Figure 1 showing the connection of links in the chain, Figure 5 shows an alternate link to that shown in Figures 1-4, Figure 6 shows a further alternate link and chain to those shown in Figures 1-4, Figure 7 shows a view along the line 7-7 of Figure 6, and Figure 8 shows a cross-section of a kiln, wh~rein there are chains in accord with Figure 1.
Figure 9 shows a side view of a kiln in which the invention may be used.
In the drawings, the chain of Figures 1, 2 and 4 comprises a link 11 which is a flat plate 10 having wider width and depth dimensions than thickness, and deining at each end generally semi-circular shapecl apertures 12, convex toward the end of the link, as best shown in Figure 4. It will be noted, from Figure 2, that the thickness of the link, although substantially less than its length or width is preferably larger at the ends than in the central portion of the link. As best shown in Figure 4, the material defining the semicircular opening is provided with two inwardly directed abutments 14 symmetrically located on each side of the median of the flat ~ ~;
side of the link. The portion of the opening between and above the abutments forms a shallow slot for reception of the joining link. It will be noted that the slot, as defined by the abutments 14 and as shown in Figure 4 preferably has tapering sides 16, tapering inwardly toward the end of the link as defined by the abutment surfaces. It will also be noted that f~ ~
~12~6~L7 i the defining walls of the slot are substantially transverse to the median plane of the flat plate of the link, i.e.
the cross section of the aperture is constant through the thickness of the link.
The joining link 18 is preerably a ring, sho~n in various views of Figures 1,2 and 4. It will be seen that a link 18 joins two flat links 11 passing through the upper aperture 12 of one and the lower aperture 12 of the other.
As best shown in Figure 4 the joining link preferably has a generally rectangular cross-section wider than its depth (in the preferred attitude as shown in solid lines in Figure 4).
The width of the cross-section of the joining link is pre-ferably selected so that, when new its upper corners ride on the tapering sides 16 of the flat link. The links 11, and ~8 under the gravitational effects on a hanging chain, tend to assume the attitude of Figure 4, and in inverted relation-ship the same attitude at the bottom of the link 11. W~en ~he chain, under rotary operation of the kiln, begins to wear, ; the wear on the engaging surfaces of the joining and flat link 11 and 18, causes ring 18 to ride gradually upward into the slot.
Because the sides defining the slot are transverse to the ~edian plane of the flat link the joining link tends to maintain its alignment approximately perpendicular to the two flat links it joins, and hence, when the chain i5 hanging, tends to maintain the flat links aligned, one with the other. The thicker portions 20 at each end of link 11 assist in this result.
Thus, as shown, the chain may be joined by a shackle 22 to a metal hanger 24 welded to the metal, outer surface 26 of the kiln, and extending inwardly through the kiln walls. As 96~7 shown the shackle may be selected in cooperation with the hanger design and the link design to tend to keep a desired alignment, in a hanging chain, between the hanger on the one hand and the top link of the chain on the other hand. Thus the chains, as de-signed, may be suspended from suspension points (represented by the hangers) to hang with their flat sides aligned and with their faces perpendicular to the axis of the kiln~ Obviously this will not be true of chains when they are trailing on the wall of the kiln, or on the bed of material therein or when they are tangled.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, shown in Figures 1,2 and 4; and hest illustrated in Figure 4 the depth of the semicircular aperture 12 from the outer end to the centre of the flat side is made sufficiently large to allow the rotation of the joining link 18 therein (the chain dotted orientation of the joining link tends to illustrate thi!3). This freedom of orienta-tion of the joining link 18 in the flat link ll prevents jamming in the oscillation and flexing of the chain so that, when the suspension point of the chain reaches its uppermost point the chain tends to hang straightly.
It will be noted that the form of the chain in Figuresl,
2 and 4 (as well as of the other forms herein) allows flexing of joined links relative to each other about horizontal axes perpendicular to the vertical hanging direction. Thus universal flexure about horizontal axes is allowed between adjacent links of chains in accord with the inventive design. This reduces jamming and tangling of the chain.
Figure 3 shows a horizontal development of -the inner wall of a cylindrical kiln showing an arrangement of two arrays of chains each arranged in a row to provide an impact barrier ~Z96917 to gas-borne material in the kiln. As Figure 3 shows, the chains in the second ring are offset to interfere with the path of particulars flying between the links of the first row of chains. Figures 8 and 9 are provided to show the location of such rings of chains in a rotating klln. As illustrated in Figure 9 the rotary kiln slopes from an inlet toward an outlet end. Counter-flowing gases pass through the kiln in the opposite 1~2964 7 direction carrying particulate matter which it is desired to remove from the stream by impact on the chains. Figure g shows the appearance of the cnains looking axially along the kiln. Only a few of the central chains are shown but it will be understood that, as indicated in Figura 3, the chains are regularly spaced about the circumference and those which at a time axe on downwardly facing walls hang downward to form a curtain or curtains across the kiln. As noted in the intro-duction, the chains may be used in such devices as : rotating kilns, drum driers, calciners, roasters, mixers and the links of the type which are used in making cement, the processing of minerals, mining, the production of lime and in other industries. The term rotary kiln-type device is used herein as a term inclusive o these applications.
In order to provide impact areas which will tend to interfere with a large propor~ion of the gas borne particles, preferably at least two rings of such chains are provided with their 1at sides facing in the axial direction. Where two rings are used the chains o~ the second row should be stepped hal~ an interval circumferQntially relative to the first so that the chains of the second ring are directly located in the path of parti~les passi~g between chains of the first row.
Such arrangement is best shown by the development of Figure 3.
With such an arra~gement the chains in a ring are preferably spaced apart (i~e. th~ minimum space between them is) less than the width of a flat link. The axial spacing between rings should not be larger than 10 times the width of a link 11 and should preferably be less than 5 times the width of a link 11.
By way of comparison, it will be noted that the vertical dashes ~2~47 represent the width of flat links and thus the axial spacing shown in Figure 3 is just over one flat link width.
The fact that two rings of chains are used does not alter the fact that a single ring spaced as above stated, is considered within the scope of the invention and that rings singly or in pairs may not be spaced or cascaded at spacings of over 10 widths. However, when the spacing of two rings or pairq of rings is greater than 10 flat link widths, each ring or pair tends to act independently of the other. The above discussion and the alternatives discussed, do not exclude the use of three or more rings closely axially spaced where the use of 3 or more rings of chains allows somewhat wider spacing in a single ring.
Figure 5 shows an alternate way of forming a flat link from that shown in Figures 1, 2 a~d 4. The link of Figure 5 i9, over its flat body and in material defining the aperture at one end, identical to that of Figures 1, 2 and 4. However at the other end a loop 30 is provided with its axis transverse to the material forming the aperture 12. The cross section ~ 20 of the material forming the loop is sloped to fit partially - into the slot be~ween the abutments 14 extending into the aperture so that the 'fit' of the loop into the aperture is the same as that shown in Figure 4.
Thus although requiring a more complex link (that of Figure 5), the joining link 18 is eliminated and a chain may be formed of the links of Figure 5 which will resist mis-alignment of the 1at links and tend to hang with the flat areas of the links aligned. Thus the chain is easily suspended with its flat areas facing the rotary axis of the kiln type ' .
device. Conversely the link connection of the links of Figure 5 allows universal connection of the links of the chain in its contortion with minimized tendency to tangle.
Figures 6 and 7 show a further alternative form of chain where a flat plate 40 is provided with upper and lower loops at 90 to each other measured about the axis of a hanging chain made of such links. One of the upper or lower loops (here the lower, 44) of each chain is provided with abutments 46 tending to make the loops tend to remain mutually perpendicular, to retain the flat sides of the plates 40 aligned, to be suspended with the flat sides facing axially and to allow universal movement between the links.
With respect ~ all the chains described herein these may all be made by casting techn:Lques, well known to those skilled in the art, which allows the casting (sometimes in ; two stages) of chains with the l:Lnks already interconnected.
On the other hand chains may be made in accord with the invention by casting the main body of links separately and thereafter providing the connection by welding the connection link, or loop.
Figure 3 shows a horizontal development of -the inner wall of a cylindrical kiln showing an arrangement of two arrays of chains each arranged in a row to provide an impact barrier ~Z96917 to gas-borne material in the kiln. As Figure 3 shows, the chains in the second ring are offset to interfere with the path of particulars flying between the links of the first row of chains. Figures 8 and 9 are provided to show the location of such rings of chains in a rotating klln. As illustrated in Figure 9 the rotary kiln slopes from an inlet toward an outlet end. Counter-flowing gases pass through the kiln in the opposite 1~2964 7 direction carrying particulate matter which it is desired to remove from the stream by impact on the chains. Figure g shows the appearance of the cnains looking axially along the kiln. Only a few of the central chains are shown but it will be understood that, as indicated in Figura 3, the chains are regularly spaced about the circumference and those which at a time axe on downwardly facing walls hang downward to form a curtain or curtains across the kiln. As noted in the intro-duction, the chains may be used in such devices as : rotating kilns, drum driers, calciners, roasters, mixers and the links of the type which are used in making cement, the processing of minerals, mining, the production of lime and in other industries. The term rotary kiln-type device is used herein as a term inclusive o these applications.
In order to provide impact areas which will tend to interfere with a large propor~ion of the gas borne particles, preferably at least two rings of such chains are provided with their 1at sides facing in the axial direction. Where two rings are used the chains o~ the second row should be stepped hal~ an interval circumferQntially relative to the first so that the chains of the second ring are directly located in the path of parti~les passi~g between chains of the first row.
Such arrangement is best shown by the development of Figure 3.
With such an arra~gement the chains in a ring are preferably spaced apart (i~e. th~ minimum space between them is) less than the width of a flat link. The axial spacing between rings should not be larger than 10 times the width of a link 11 and should preferably be less than 5 times the width of a link 11.
By way of comparison, it will be noted that the vertical dashes ~2~47 represent the width of flat links and thus the axial spacing shown in Figure 3 is just over one flat link width.
The fact that two rings of chains are used does not alter the fact that a single ring spaced as above stated, is considered within the scope of the invention and that rings singly or in pairs may not be spaced or cascaded at spacings of over 10 widths. However, when the spacing of two rings or pairq of rings is greater than 10 flat link widths, each ring or pair tends to act independently of the other. The above discussion and the alternatives discussed, do not exclude the use of three or more rings closely axially spaced where the use of 3 or more rings of chains allows somewhat wider spacing in a single ring.
Figure 5 shows an alternate way of forming a flat link from that shown in Figures 1, 2 a~d 4. The link of Figure 5 i9, over its flat body and in material defining the aperture at one end, identical to that of Figures 1, 2 and 4. However at the other end a loop 30 is provided with its axis transverse to the material forming the aperture 12. The cross section ~ 20 of the material forming the loop is sloped to fit partially - into the slot be~ween the abutments 14 extending into the aperture so that the 'fit' of the loop into the aperture is the same as that shown in Figure 4.
Thus although requiring a more complex link (that of Figure 5), the joining link 18 is eliminated and a chain may be formed of the links of Figure 5 which will resist mis-alignment of the 1at links and tend to hang with the flat areas of the links aligned. Thus the chain is easily suspended with its flat areas facing the rotary axis of the kiln type ' .
device. Conversely the link connection of the links of Figure 5 allows universal connection of the links of the chain in its contortion with minimized tendency to tangle.
Figures 6 and 7 show a further alternative form of chain where a flat plate 40 is provided with upper and lower loops at 90 to each other measured about the axis of a hanging chain made of such links. One of the upper or lower loops (here the lower, 44) of each chain is provided with abutments 46 tending to make the loops tend to remain mutually perpendicular, to retain the flat sides of the plates 40 aligned, to be suspended with the flat sides facing axially and to allow universal movement between the links.
With respect ~ all the chains described herein these may all be made by casting techn:Lques, well known to those skilled in the art, which allows the casting (sometimes in ; two stages) of chains with the l:Lnks already interconnected.
On the other hand chains may be made in accord with the invention by casting the main body of links separately and thereafter providing the connection by welding the connection link, or loop.
Claims (6)
1. Chain for use in rotating, walled, passages containing gas-borne particulate material, said chain comprising :
a plurality of flat area links having, in their designed orientation on said chain, a flat material of greater width and depth dimensions than thickness dimension;
a loop at each end of said flat material, defining an aperture between said loop and said flat material, connecting connector links joining a loop of one link to a loop of the next, whereby said flat area links and said loops define an extended, substantially straight, hanging attitude for said chain when said chain is suspended from one end;
said flat material being arranged so that said width and depth dimensions are located in a substantially vertical plane in the extended, substantially straight, hanging attitude of said chain, said loops being provided with means defining a shallow slot to, at least partially, receive said link in the extended, substantially straight hanging attitude of said chain, and to determine, in such attitude, the orientation of a link so received, relative to the loop about the axis of the chain in said attitude, said loops and the orientation of said shallow slot being arranged so that said flat material in said flat area links is aligned, said loops being shaped so that said apertures are large enough to allow the removal of said links from said shallow slots during flexure of the chain, said links and apertures being designed and constructed to allow universal movement of adjacent links relative to one another, during flexure of said chain, about directions perpendicular to the axis of said chain,
a plurality of flat area links having, in their designed orientation on said chain, a flat material of greater width and depth dimensions than thickness dimension;
a loop at each end of said flat material, defining an aperture between said loop and said flat material, connecting connector links joining a loop of one link to a loop of the next, whereby said flat area links and said loops define an extended, substantially straight, hanging attitude for said chain when said chain is suspended from one end;
said flat material being arranged so that said width and depth dimensions are located in a substantially vertical plane in the extended, substantially straight, hanging attitude of said chain, said loops being provided with means defining a shallow slot to, at least partially, receive said link in the extended, substantially straight hanging attitude of said chain, and to determine, in such attitude, the orientation of a link so received, relative to the loop about the axis of the chain in said attitude, said loops and the orientation of said shallow slot being arranged so that said flat material in said flat area links is aligned, said loops being shaped so that said apertures are large enough to allow the removal of said links from said shallow slots during flexure of the chain, said links and apertures being designed and constructed to allow universal movement of adjacent links relative to one another, during flexure of said chain, about directions perpendicular to the axis of said chain,
2. Chain for use in rotating, walled, passages containing gas-borne particulate material, said chain comprising :
a plurality of flat area links having, in their desired orientation on said chain, a flat material of greater width and depth than thickness, a loop at each end of said flat material, defining an aperture between said loop and said flat material, the loop at one end of said flat material of one link being designed to connect with the loop at the other end of said flat material of the next link, whereby said flat area links and said loops define an extended, substantially straight, hanging attitude for said chain when said chain is suspended from one end, said flat material being arranged so that said width and depth dimensions are located in a substantially vertical plane in the extended, substantially straight, hanging attitude of said chain, one of said loops being provided with means defining a shallow slot, to at least partially, receive said link in the extended, substantially straight hanging attitude of said chain, and to determine, in such attitude, the orientation of a link so received, relative to the loop, about the axis of the chain in said attitude, said loops and the orientation of said shallow slot being arranged so that said flat material in said flat area links is aligned, said loops being shaped so that said apertures are large enough to allow the removal of said links from said shallow slot during flexure of the chain, said loops and apertures being designed and constructed to allow universal movement of adjacent links relative to one another, during flexure of said chain, about directions perpendicular to the axis of said chain.
a plurality of flat area links having, in their desired orientation on said chain, a flat material of greater width and depth than thickness, a loop at each end of said flat material, defining an aperture between said loop and said flat material, the loop at one end of said flat material of one link being designed to connect with the loop at the other end of said flat material of the next link, whereby said flat area links and said loops define an extended, substantially straight, hanging attitude for said chain when said chain is suspended from one end, said flat material being arranged so that said width and depth dimensions are located in a substantially vertical plane in the extended, substantially straight, hanging attitude of said chain, one of said loops being provided with means defining a shallow slot, to at least partially, receive said link in the extended, substantially straight hanging attitude of said chain, and to determine, in such attitude, the orientation of a link so received, relative to the loop, about the axis of the chain in said attitude, said loops and the orientation of said shallow slot being arranged so that said flat material in said flat area links is aligned, said loops being shaped so that said apertures are large enough to allow the removal of said links from said shallow slot during flexure of the chain, said loops and apertures being designed and constructed to allow universal movement of adjacent links relative to one another, during flexure of said chain, about directions perpendicular to the axis of said chain.
3. In a rotary kiln type device having a cylindrical walled passage for particulate material, rotatable about the axis of said cylinder, through which travel gases having particulate material suspended therein in a predetermined direction, an array of chains as defined in claim 1, suspended to hang from the inner wall of said housing, said array comprising a set of chains suspended at one end only from suspension points on the innter wall of said container, said suspension points being spaced cir-cumferentially from each other, and the array extending about said inner wall.
4. In a rotary kiln type device having a cylindrical walled passage for particulate material rotatable about the axis of said cylinder, through which travel gases having particulate material suspended therein in a predetermined direction, an array of chains as defined in claim 2, suspended to hang from the inner wall of said housing, said array comprising a set of chains suspended at one end only from suspension points on the inner wall of said container, said suspension points being spaced circumferentially from each other, said array of spaced suspension points extending about said inner wall.
5. In a device as claimed in claim 3 including at least a second array of chains axially displaced along said housing from said first mentioned array, wherein suspension points in said further plurality are located, circumfexentially between suspension points of said first mentioned array.
6. In a device as claimed in claim 4 including at least a second array of chains axially displaced along said housing from said first mentioned array, wherein suspension points in said further plurality are located, circumferentially between suspension points of said first mentioned array.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US34,464 | 1979-04-30 | ||
| US06/034,464 US4244687A (en) | 1979-04-30 | 1979-04-30 | Chain construction and arrangement for rotary kiln-type devices |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1129647A true CA1129647A (en) | 1982-08-17 |
Family
ID=21876591
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA350,735A Expired CA1129647A (en) | 1979-04-30 | 1980-04-25 | Chain construction and arrangement for rotary kiln-type devices |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4244687A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1129647A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014033646A2 (en) | 2012-08-28 | 2014-03-06 | Fundacion Universidad Del Norte | Heat transfer chain with elliptical section wire links for high durability and enhanced heat transfer in temporary operation |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4373910A (en) * | 1981-09-01 | 1983-02-15 | Bernt Jorgen O | Non-tangling chain link |
| US5033959A (en) * | 1990-10-15 | 1991-07-23 | J. O. Bernt & Associates Limited | Kiln liner |
| US5090610A (en) * | 1990-10-15 | 1992-02-25 | Bernt Jorgen O | Kiln liner |
| US8172448B1 (en) * | 2009-09-03 | 2012-05-08 | Astec, Inc. | Method and apparatus for adapting asphalt dryer/mixer to minimize asphalt build-up |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE635040C (en) * | 1936-09-09 | Fried Krupp Grusonwerk Akt Ges | Rotary kiln for burning or drying all kinds of goods | |
| US1910873A (en) * | 1932-04-19 | 1933-05-23 | Smidth & Co As F L | Rotary kiln |
| AT325437B (en) * | 1971-12-23 | 1975-10-27 | Pengg Walenta Ketten | WELDED CHAIN LINK MADE OF STEEL WIRE FOR SLIP PROTECTION AND PURE PROTECTION CHAINS |
-
1979
- 1979-04-30 US US06/034,464 patent/US4244687A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1980
- 1980-04-25 CA CA350,735A patent/CA1129647A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014033646A2 (en) | 2012-08-28 | 2014-03-06 | Fundacion Universidad Del Norte | Heat transfer chain with elliptical section wire links for high durability and enhanced heat transfer in temporary operation |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4244687A (en) | 1981-01-13 |
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| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| MKEX | Expiry |