CA1096070A - Polyquaternary compounds for the control of microbiological growth - Google Patents
Polyquaternary compounds for the control of microbiological growthInfo
- Publication number
- CA1096070A CA1096070A CA301,794A CA301794A CA1096070A CA 1096070 A CA1096070 A CA 1096070A CA 301794 A CA301794 A CA 301794A CA 1096070 A CA1096070 A CA 1096070A
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- spp
- slime
- control
- polyquaternary
- microbiological growth
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N33/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic nitrogen compounds
- A01N33/02—Amines; Quaternary ammonium compounds
- A01N33/12—Quaternary ammonium compounds
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
Reference 5292 POLYQUATERNARY COMPOUNDS FOR THE CONTROL OF
MICROBIOLOGICAL GROWTH
Abstract of the Disclosure Control of microorganisms in industrial recirculating water systems using polyquaternary amines.
MICROBIOLOGICAL GROWTH
Abstract of the Disclosure Control of microorganisms in industrial recirculating water systems using polyquaternary amines.
Description
~0~
The method of the present invention for controlllng - microorganisms in indus-trial cooling water systems comprises adding to the system a microbiocidal amount of a poly-quaternary amine of the formula /'IRl H ~ _ - ~ N CH2 - C - CH2 J Xn R2 OH n .~ where R1 and R2 are methyl or ethyl, X is Cl, Br, or I, and n is 3 to 10,000, preferably about 5 - 1,000. These polyquater-nary amines are available commercially and can be made by reacting dimethyl (or diethyl) amine with epichlorohydrin, as described in U. S. Pa-tent 3 738 945. By "microbiocidal amount" we mean an amount which kills, inhibits the growth of, or prevents the growth of, microorganisms that tend to inhabit and proliferate in industrial cooling water systems. These microorganisms typically include (but are not limited to):
Slime-forming Bacteria Aerobacter aerogenes . Bacillus subtilis var. mycoides ~ Algae Chlorella vulgaris Oscillatoria sp.
. .
Other E. coli P. aeruginosa The aforesaid polycluaternary amines appear to be - effective in controlling a broad range of bacteria, fungi, and algae, over a wide pH range, and at low dosages.
In the tests, description, and examples following, unless otherwise specified, the microbiocidal agent used was CH3 H ~ _ N CH - C - CH ~ Cln CH3 OH n n = 500 The polyquaternary amines are known flocculants, and have been reported as flocculating river water and sewage.
However, so far as we are aware, it was not previously known that these materials were effective in inhibiting the growth of microorganisms, whether or not in industrial cooling water ~ystems.
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This invention is of particular value in slime control in recirculating cooling water systems and in like systems.
Slime consists of certain biological organisms, many of them microscopic; accumulations caused by such organisms;
and organic matter. The resulting deposits, called slime, are of varying characteristics, ranging from stringy, pasty, and gelatinous, to hard and horny.
The developmen-t of slime constitutes a major problem wherever it occurs, but particularly in industrial applications, such as air conditioning units, cooling water systems, etc.
In cooling towers and air conditioning units, the growth of slime on portions thereof reduces severely the efficiency of the tower or unit to dispel heat. In such situations, the development of slime requires frequent removal, a costly and time-consuming operation. For these and other reasons, the prevention of the development: of slime is of great importance.
The biological organisms most typically involved in the development of slime are algae, bacteria, and fungi.
The most notorious slime-producing members of such groups are those which secrete a gelatinous material surrounding the cells as a capsule or sheath. Such organisms thereby produce materials which contribute significantly to the bulk of the resulting slime. Moreover, such secretion has the effect of embedding the organism, thereby making it more resistant to control.
Whi~e the particular organisms present in the development of slime vary greatly from location to location, and even at a given location, from -time to time, representa-tive slime-forming --- D~ --7~
organisrns include: Aspergillus spp.; Penieillium spp.;
Candida spp.; Saccharomyces spp.; Aerobacter spp., Escherichia spp.; Alcaligenes spp.; and Bacillus spp.
Yet other organisms involved in slime development include:
Chlorella spp.; Spirogyra spp.; Oscillatoria spp.; Vaucheria spp.;
Pseudomonas spp.; Salmonella spp.; Staphyloeoeeus spp.;
Pullularia spp.; and Rhizopus spp. It will be apparent that any reasonably good slime eontrol agent must be effeetive agains-t a broad speetrum of mieroorganisms. We eonsider the above polyquaternary amines to be especially efficacious in this regard.
~' ' .
Example 1 . . .
Tests against bacteria, fungi (molds), and algae Tests were run to (a) determine the bacteriotoxic properties of the compound using the time lapse method; the test bacteria are representative of the "nuisance" organisms which are predominant in industrial cooling water systems;
(b) evaluate the fungitoxicity of the compound using a time lapse methodi the fungi used in this evaluation are those commonly present in cooling water systems;
(c) screen the growth-inhibiting properties of the compound against several genera of algae. The inhibition test indicators included algae frequently found in cooling water systems. A time lapse study was used and the test compound was diluted to give the desired concentrations.
The results are given in Table I, below.
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, r'xample 2 The following gives additional data relative to the activity of the polyquaternary amine against two pure cultures of bacteria (Table II~ and two pure cultures of algae (Table III).
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::~ 3 ~C 3 _ _, As a preferred embodiment, we propose that the invention be used in industrial recirculating water systems, typically of the order of 35,000 gallons capacity, e.g., cooling towers or the like. We recommend for such use that the polyquaternary amine be added to the water on an average of three days per week, over a period of four weeks, in varying amounts sufficient to provide between about 50 and about 100 ppm of the total composition in the water, to prevent growth of microorganisms in the water. The aforesaid numerical recitals are preferred, not limiting.
When added to water of a cooling tower or the like, the microbiological control agents of this invention shouId usually be added to the sump of the tower at a point of maximum linear velocity of water. The dosage of the micro-biocide and the frequency of feeding depends to some extent upon the type of growth and the severity of the infection.
Typically, for a recirculating system an effective amount is about 1 to 500 ppm. In the case where once-throu~h cooling water system is involved, the microbiocide can be injected directly to the heat exchanger. Once again the dosage and frequency of application depends on the type of growth. In a once through cooling water system, the dosage level is usually higher because of the lack of adequate retention time. For once-through systems an effective amount is typically about
The method of the present invention for controlllng - microorganisms in indus-trial cooling water systems comprises adding to the system a microbiocidal amount of a poly-quaternary amine of the formula /'IRl H ~ _ - ~ N CH2 - C - CH2 J Xn R2 OH n .~ where R1 and R2 are methyl or ethyl, X is Cl, Br, or I, and n is 3 to 10,000, preferably about 5 - 1,000. These polyquater-nary amines are available commercially and can be made by reacting dimethyl (or diethyl) amine with epichlorohydrin, as described in U. S. Pa-tent 3 738 945. By "microbiocidal amount" we mean an amount which kills, inhibits the growth of, or prevents the growth of, microorganisms that tend to inhabit and proliferate in industrial cooling water systems. These microorganisms typically include (but are not limited to):
Slime-forming Bacteria Aerobacter aerogenes . Bacillus subtilis var. mycoides ~ Algae Chlorella vulgaris Oscillatoria sp.
. .
Other E. coli P. aeruginosa The aforesaid polycluaternary amines appear to be - effective in controlling a broad range of bacteria, fungi, and algae, over a wide pH range, and at low dosages.
In the tests, description, and examples following, unless otherwise specified, the microbiocidal agent used was CH3 H ~ _ N CH - C - CH ~ Cln CH3 OH n n = 500 The polyquaternary amines are known flocculants, and have been reported as flocculating river water and sewage.
However, so far as we are aware, it was not previously known that these materials were effective in inhibiting the growth of microorganisms, whether or not in industrial cooling water ~ystems.
~ ~ . .
~
~ .
' ' ' . ' ` \~ ~, : . . . . : ~.: . - .. :
v~
This invention is of particular value in slime control in recirculating cooling water systems and in like systems.
Slime consists of certain biological organisms, many of them microscopic; accumulations caused by such organisms;
and organic matter. The resulting deposits, called slime, are of varying characteristics, ranging from stringy, pasty, and gelatinous, to hard and horny.
The developmen-t of slime constitutes a major problem wherever it occurs, but particularly in industrial applications, such as air conditioning units, cooling water systems, etc.
In cooling towers and air conditioning units, the growth of slime on portions thereof reduces severely the efficiency of the tower or unit to dispel heat. In such situations, the development of slime requires frequent removal, a costly and time-consuming operation. For these and other reasons, the prevention of the development: of slime is of great importance.
The biological organisms most typically involved in the development of slime are algae, bacteria, and fungi.
The most notorious slime-producing members of such groups are those which secrete a gelatinous material surrounding the cells as a capsule or sheath. Such organisms thereby produce materials which contribute significantly to the bulk of the resulting slime. Moreover, such secretion has the effect of embedding the organism, thereby making it more resistant to control.
Whi~e the particular organisms present in the development of slime vary greatly from location to location, and even at a given location, from -time to time, representa-tive slime-forming --- D~ --7~
organisrns include: Aspergillus spp.; Penieillium spp.;
Candida spp.; Saccharomyces spp.; Aerobacter spp., Escherichia spp.; Alcaligenes spp.; and Bacillus spp.
Yet other organisms involved in slime development include:
Chlorella spp.; Spirogyra spp.; Oscillatoria spp.; Vaucheria spp.;
Pseudomonas spp.; Salmonella spp.; Staphyloeoeeus spp.;
Pullularia spp.; and Rhizopus spp. It will be apparent that any reasonably good slime eontrol agent must be effeetive agains-t a broad speetrum of mieroorganisms. We eonsider the above polyquaternary amines to be especially efficacious in this regard.
~' ' .
Example 1 . . .
Tests against bacteria, fungi (molds), and algae Tests were run to (a) determine the bacteriotoxic properties of the compound using the time lapse method; the test bacteria are representative of the "nuisance" organisms which are predominant in industrial cooling water systems;
(b) evaluate the fungitoxicity of the compound using a time lapse methodi the fungi used in this evaluation are those commonly present in cooling water systems;
(c) screen the growth-inhibiting properties of the compound against several genera of algae. The inhibition test indicators included algae frequently found in cooling water systems. A time lapse study was used and the test compound was diluted to give the desired concentrations.
The results are given in Table I, below.
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, r'xample 2 The following gives additional data relative to the activity of the polyquaternary amine against two pure cultures of bacteria (Table II~ and two pure cultures of algae (Table III).
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::~ 3 ~C 3 _ _, As a preferred embodiment, we propose that the invention be used in industrial recirculating water systems, typically of the order of 35,000 gallons capacity, e.g., cooling towers or the like. We recommend for such use that the polyquaternary amine be added to the water on an average of three days per week, over a period of four weeks, in varying amounts sufficient to provide between about 50 and about 100 ppm of the total composition in the water, to prevent growth of microorganisms in the water. The aforesaid numerical recitals are preferred, not limiting.
When added to water of a cooling tower or the like, the microbiological control agents of this invention shouId usually be added to the sump of the tower at a point of maximum linear velocity of water. The dosage of the micro-biocide and the frequency of feeding depends to some extent upon the type of growth and the severity of the infection.
Typically, for a recirculating system an effective amount is about 1 to 500 ppm. In the case where once-throu~h cooling water system is involved, the microbiocide can be injected directly to the heat exchanger. Once again the dosage and frequency of application depends on the type of growth. In a once through cooling water system, the dosage level is usually higher because of the lack of adequate retention time. For once-through systems an effective amount is typically about
2 to 1,000 ppm.
.. . .
7r~
Conventional adjuvants may be admi~ed with the polyquaternary amines, e.g., surface-active dispersina and solubilizing agents, stabilizers, binders, iner. finely divided solids, or solvents or other liquid carriers.
Depending upon the particular manner in which the invention is to be practieed, such compositions can be employed directly as the treating composition to be added to the aqueous system or can be employed as concentrate compositions and further diluted to produce the treating composition.
~ .
: . : -: .~: : .
.. . .
7r~
Conventional adjuvants may be admi~ed with the polyquaternary amines, e.g., surface-active dispersina and solubilizing agents, stabilizers, binders, iner. finely divided solids, or solvents or other liquid carriers.
Depending upon the particular manner in which the invention is to be practieed, such compositions can be employed directly as the treating composition to be added to the aqueous system or can be employed as concentrate compositions and further diluted to produce the treating composition.
~ .
: . : -: .~: : .
Claims (3)
1. The method for controlling microorganisms in industrial cooling water systems which comprises adding to the system a microbiocidal amount of a polyquaternary amine of the formula where R1 and R2 are methyl or ethyl, X is Cl, Br, or I, and n is 3 to 10,000.
2. The method according to Claim 1 in which R1 and R2 are methyl, X is Cl, and n is about 500.
3. The method according to Claim 2 in which the effective amount is 0.05 to 1000 ppm.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US825,272 | 1977-08-17 | ||
| US05/825,272 US4111679A (en) | 1977-08-17 | 1977-08-17 | Polyquaternary compounds for the control of microbiological growth |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1096070A true CA1096070A (en) | 1981-02-17 |
Family
ID=25243575
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA301,794A Expired CA1096070A (en) | 1977-08-17 | 1978-04-24 | Polyquaternary compounds for the control of microbiological growth |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4111679A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1096070A (en) |
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| US5529700A (en) * | 1995-09-27 | 1996-06-25 | Laporte Water Technologies & Biochem, Inc. | Algicidal or algistatic compositions containing quaternary ammonium polymers |
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| US4252743A (en) * | 1978-11-03 | 1981-02-24 | Petrolite Corporation | Quaternaries of halogen derivatives of alkynoxymethyl amines |
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| US3299138A (en) * | 1964-03-19 | 1967-01-17 | Gen Mills Inc | Quaternized dimer tetramine |
| US3771989A (en) * | 1971-11-26 | 1973-11-13 | Buckman Labor Inc | Method of controlling the growth of algae |
| US3738945A (en) * | 1972-02-04 | 1973-06-12 | H Panzer | Polyquaternary flocculants |
| US3943255A (en) * | 1974-05-22 | 1976-03-09 | Nalco Chemical Company | Alkyl polymaine microbiocides |
| US4054542A (en) * | 1975-04-14 | 1977-10-18 | Buckman Laboratories, Inc. | Amine-epichlorohydrin polymeric compositions |
| US4018592A (en) * | 1975-07-21 | 1977-04-19 | Buckman Laboratories, Inc. | Method of controlling the growth of algae |
-
1977
- 1977-08-17 US US05/825,272 patent/US4111679A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1978
- 1978-04-24 CA CA301,794A patent/CA1096070A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5223097A (en) * | 1986-01-09 | 1993-06-29 | W. R. Grace Ab | Method for controlling pitch on a paper-making machine |
| US5626720A (en) * | 1986-01-09 | 1997-05-06 | W.R. Grace & Co.-Conn. | Method for controlling pitch on a papermaking machine |
| US4995944A (en) * | 1988-09-16 | 1991-02-26 | Dearborn Chemical Company Ltd. | Controlling deposits on paper machine felts using cationic polymer and cationic surfactant mixture |
| US5529700A (en) * | 1995-09-27 | 1996-06-25 | Laporte Water Technologies & Biochem, Inc. | Algicidal or algistatic compositions containing quaternary ammonium polymers |
| US6171445B1 (en) | 1999-07-30 | 2001-01-09 | Hercules Incorporated | Process for controlling deposit of sticky material |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US4111679A (en) | 1978-09-05 |
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