CA1037868A

CA1037868A - Organic deodorant compositions

Info

Publication number: CA1037868A
Application number: CA204,627A
Authority: CA
Inventors: Martin Callingham; Alan J. Clark
Original assignee: Unilever PLC
Current assignee: Unilever PLC
Priority date: 1973-07-18
Filing date: 1974-07-11
Publication date: 1978-09-05
Also published as: NO742608L; ATA588274A; NL7409704A; AU7117874A; IT1032520B; AU499930B2; DE2433703A1; FR2237617A1; AT345467B; SE7409353L; FR2237617B1; CH603160A5; BR7405860D0

Abstract

ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
A cosmetically acceptable deodorant composition which is substantially free from astringent antiperspirant agents and germicides contains a deodorant agent which has the property of depressing the partial vapour pressure of morpholine to an extent which is greater than expected.
Typical deodorant agents are aliphatic diols. A propellant or thickener can also be present depending on the intended use of the composition.

Description

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This invention relates to deodorant compositions.
Deodorant compositions frequently contain astringent - metal salts, particularly aluminiu~ zinc or zirconium salts as antiperspirant agents which can inhibit the release of body fluids from sweat glands, and thereby limit the production of body odour derived from the bacterial decomposition of these fluids.
One of the major disadvantages of using these - -astringent metal salts when applied to the skin for this --purpose is the staining and rotting that can occur on clothing adjacent to the treated area. These salts can, ~or example, give rise to a white deposit on clothing which is difficult to remove and which can eventually lead to the disintegration of the clothing, particularly if made from cotton fibres. It is also apparent that some users find ' that the contact oi astringent metal salts with the skin can cause an unpleasant stinging sensation, and furthermore, --that the chemical interference with the natural processes of sweat production is undesirable.
Other deodorant compositions for application to the skiD contain germicides, such as, for e~ample hexachlorophene, chlorhexidine, tribromosalicylanilide and quaternary ammonium compounds such as cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide which can ~ -be present in addition to or in place of astringent metal salts. These germicides act to inhibit the proliferation of bacteria and other micro organisms which give rise to body odour by decomposition of the skin debris and exudates h' including sweat. It has also been observed that germicides usually used in such compositions can stain clothing adjacent ;,','"" ,'':'

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to the treated skin area with the formation of brown staining.
As we have stated, body odour is commonly produced as a result of bacterial action on skin debris and exudates.
~owever, it will be appreciated that before the odorous materials so created can be detected by the nose, it is necessary for them to volatilise into the atmosphere where they will exert a partial vapour pressure in competition with that of other volatile materials.
We have now discovered that even when astringent metal salt antiperspirant agents and germicides are substantially absent from compositions for application to the skin for the reasons set out hereinbefore, it i9 possible to ~uppress objectionable body odours by application to the skin of a special organic deodorant agent. It would appear that presence of such an agent on the skin depresses to an ~nexpected extent the vapour pressure of compounds responsible for body odour thus rendering them less volatile and apparently odourless.
Accordingly, the invention provides a cosmetically acceptable deodorant composition substantially iree from astringent antiperspirant agents and germicides, the Composition comprising from 0.1 to 20~ by weight of an organic deodorant agent, a propellant and/or a thickener, the organic deodorant agent being characterised by the property, when equi~ibrated with one ninth its weight of morpholine at 37C, of depressing the partial vapour pressure of morpholine by more than 65% of that exerted by morpholine alone.
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It should be explained that morpholine was selected as a standard for assessing the vapour pressure depressing - effect of a series of test materials as potential organic deodorant agents, since it was shown to correlate well -with the subjective assessment of the same test materials ~ -in terms of body odour suppression as judged by a panel of trained assessors. In fact, the ranking of the test materials in order of increasing effectiveness in depressing the partial vapour pressure of morpholine corresponded ~-exactly with their ability to suppress body odour as assessed subjectively.
For a substance to be an effective deodorant agent - according to the invention, it should possess the property, ~
- when equilibrated with one ninth its weight of morpholine - - at 37C, of depressing the partial vapour pressure of morpholine by more than 65% of that exhibited by morpholine alone. Preferably, the substance is one which depresses -the partial vapour pressure of morpholine in this way by more than 80~o.
Depression of the partial vapour pressure of morpholine can, for example, be determined by headspace analysis using gas liquid chromotography. According to one 6uch method, a standard quantity of morpholine is placed in a sealed container and equilibrated at 37C for 20 minutes.
A temperature of 37C is chosen, since this approximates to normal skin temperature. Equal replicate volumes of the .
atmosphere within the container are taken and subjected to gas liquid chromotography and the quantity of morpholine present is assessed in terms of the area under the morpholine peak as can be recorded automatically. This quantity is ' ' ~ .

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1037~i8 directly proportional to the vapour pressure exerted by morpholine within the sealed container.
This determination is then repeated using a mixture of one part by weight of morpholine and nine parts by S weight of the substance which is to be tested as a possible organic deodorant agent. Again, the quantity of morpholine present in the atmosphere within the container is measured by gas liquid chromotography, thereby providing a measure of its partial vapour pressure.
Test substances which depress the partial vapour pressure of morpholine in this way by only up to 65~o of its original value are considered to be unsuitable in that their effectiveness as deodorant agents is likely to be minimal. However, test substances which depress the partial vapour pressure of morpholine by more than 65%
of its original value are prima facie suitable for use as deodorant agents in compositions according to the invention.
It will be appreciated that some organic substances which satisfy the morpholine test may otherwise not be suitable for application to the skin in deodorant compositions. For example, they may be irritant or otherwise unsafe for topical use or they may themselves possess an objectionable odour. For this reason, compositions containing organic deodorant agents according to the invention are limited to those which are "cosmetically acceptable", in that they are safe to use and not otherwise objectionable.
A preferred group of organic deodorant agents having the necessary odour suppressing properties according to the invention are aliphatic substances having a straight chain _ 5 _ /- - - .

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of from 2 to 10 carbon atoms and having at least 2 hydroxy groups attached to that chain.
Examples of these aliphatic hydroxy compounds are:
Ethane diols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol; -Propane diols such as 1,2-propane diol and 1,3-propane ~ -diol;
Butane diols such as 1,3-butane diol, 1,4-butane diol and 2,3-butane diol; -Pentane diols such as l,S-pentane diol and 2-methyl-2,4-pentane diol (hexylene glycol);
Hexane diols such as 1,6-hexane diol, 2,5-hexane diol and 2-ethyl-1,3-hexane diol;
Heptane diols such as 1,7-heptane diol; --lS Decane diols such as l,10-decane diol.
Other substances having the appropriate odour suppressing properties as indicated by their vapour pressure lowering ef~ect using the morpholine test are as follows: :.
Urea - .
~O Propionamide .
Cyclohexanone .
: Di-octyl phthalate n-dodecane Glycerol tripalmitate 2-ethoxy ethyl acetate . - :
Di-butyl phthalate Di-ethyl phthalate Glycerol :
Polyvinyl alcohol This is not intended to be an exhaustive list of suitable organic deodorant agents, but merely represents a selection of those which are preferred.

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10;~78~8 The amount of organic deodorant agent hich is present in the composition is from 0.1 to 20,G by weight.
Pre:Lerably, the organic deodorant agent comprises from 0.5 to 10% by weight of the composition.
S Use of a composition containing, on the one hand, less than 0.1% by weight of an organic deodorant agent is likely to prove ineffective in suppressing objectionable odours; compositions containing, on the other hand, more than 200h by weight of such an organic deodorant agent are likely to leave the treated skin in an objectionably wet, sticky or oily condition.
It is also necessary to include in the deodorant composition a propellant or a thickener, or both a propellant and a thickener, depending on the intended use of the composition.
For example, when the composition is to be dispen~ed from a pressurised pack device such as an aerosol can, a propellant is included in the composition.
The propellant can be either a liquefiable gas or a permanent gas or a mixture oi liquefiable gas and permanent gas.
Examples o~ suitable liquefiable gas propellants are halocarbons such as propellant 12 or blends such as 11/12, 11/12/114, 11/12/22, 12/114, 12/22/114, hydrocarbon propellants such as butane, isobutane, propane, pentane or isopentane or certain mixtures thereof. -Examples oi~ suitable permanent gases are carbon-dioxide, nitrogen and nitrous oxide.

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The amount of propellant present in the composit]on will depend on the nature of that composition and also on the type of pressurised pack device which i9 used to contain that composition. Generally, it can be stated that the S propellant will form from 0.1 to 99. 9/0 by weight of the composition.
When the composition is intended to be dispensed as a viscous lotion, for example from a roll-ball applicator, a thickener is employed to impart to the composition the - -appropriate flow properties suited to this type of applicator. ~ -Examples to thickeners are natural gums such as tragacanth, gum acacia, locust bean gum, or synthetic gums such as hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and Carbopol, a carboxy vinyl polymer. Some inorganic substances, such as ~
pyrogenic silica, precipitated silicas or clays, such as ;; ;
Bentonite can be used to thicken the compositions. Also, - -~
alginates or polyvinyl pyrollidone can be used for this purpose.
It is also possible to provide the compositions in the form of a solid stick by incorporation of sodium stearate .
; ~ or other soaps as thickeners well known in the art of deodorant stick manufactllre, to impart to the composition fiufficient solidity appropriate to this type of product.
The proportion by weight of thickener when incorporated in co~positions according tD the invention is -that which is appropriate to the product type as is well known in the cosmetics art. In general, it may be stated v that thickeners can be incorporated, when appropriate, in an amount of from 0.01 to 30~ by weight, depending on .

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cJ.438/9 ~0378~8 the properties of the chosen thickener and the nature of - the composition.
It is to be understood that the aforementioned propellants and thickeners are not intended to represent an exhaustive list, but merely to serve as examples of some which are suitable for use in deodorant compositions according to the invention.
It is also usual to include in the compositions a liquid vehicle or diluent which may function as a solvent or diluent for the organic deodorant agent. In the case of a composition which is to be dispensed from a pressuriæea pack container such as an aerosol can, thi6 liquid vehicle or diluent can be lique~ied gas propellant or a mixture of propellant and other solvent or diluent.
Examples of solvents or diluents commonly employed -are water and ethanol. The quantity of solvent or diluent employed will usually form the balance of the composition, .. . .
- this being from 0.1 to 99.9% by weight.
It is also possible to include other ingredients iD the deodorant compositions such as emulsifiers, perfume, talc, silicas and colourants. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the deodorant composition additionally comprises a water-absorbent non-astringent antiperspirant agent of the type disclosed in our British patent specification No 1,485,373, published on ~eptember 8, 1977 and British paltent specification No 1,501,862, published on February 22, 1978. `~
The invention is illustrated by the following Examples.
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- 1037~i8 Example 1 ;' i~ This Example illustrates a deodorant composition for use in a pressurised pack device.
An aerosol product was prepared by mixing together the following ingredients.
% by weight Hexylene glycol 1.0 "
Pyrogenic silica (AEROSIL 200) 0.1 Propellant 11/12 (65:35)98.9 - 10 The solution so obtained was filled into conventional aerosol cans and distributed to 99 panellists who were asked to assess it as a deodorant.
Subsequently, the same panellists were asked to ; assess in a similar manner a commercially available ~ -deodorant containing 3.5% by weight aluminium chlorhydrate as an antibacterial agent, together with 2~ hexylene glycol.
Statistical analysis of the results showed that there was no significant difference between the two products with respect to their ability to control body odour. Hence, it was apparent that it was unnecessary to employ aluminium chlorhydrate in the formulation according to the invention.
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Example 2 This Example illustrates the preparation of an , aerosol product.
The following ingredients were mixed together:
oh by weight Ethanol 50 Dibutyl phthalate 3 ;~
I Perfume qv Propellant 11/12 (65:35)to 100 ' * . . .
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C,T, '.138 1037t~8 The dcodorant composition was then filled into aerosol containers in the usual manner and the product so obtained could be used as a deodorant having excellent body odour suppressing properties.
Example 3 This Example illustrates the formulation of a deodorant composition for use in a roll-ball applicator.
The following ingredients were mixed together:
~ by wei~ht Calcium sodium alginate 25.0 ~ydroxypropyl cellulose 0.6 Pyrogenic silica 3.0 2-ethyl-1,3-hexane diol 5.0 Perfume qv Industrial methylated spiritto 100 The thickened liquid product so produced could be dispensed from a roll-ball applicator to give, when dry, a smooth film to the skin which had good perspiration absorbing properties and which functioned well as a body odour suppressor.
Example 9 This Example illustrates the preparation of a deodorant composition for use in a roll-ball applicator.
The following ingredients were mixed together:
~ by weight Alcohol 1 70.0 Dipropylene glycol 20.0 Hydroxypropyl cellulose 0.7 Perfume qv Colour qv Water to 100 ,~

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cJ.438/9 1037~ti8 The thickened liquid product so produced provided an excellent body odour suppressing product for use in a roll-ball applicator.
- Example 5 This Example illustrates the preparation of an aerosol product.
The following ingredients were mixed together: -~
% by weight --Ethylene glycol 2.0 ~
PolyoxYethylene sorbitan mono-oleate ~ -(Tween* 81) 0~5 Propellant 11/12 (65:35) to 100 - This aerosol product when filled into an aerosol ~
dispensing device in the usual manner provided a homogenous ~ -13 - phase body odour suppressor when sprayed onto the skin.
, The Tween 81 functioned as an emulsifier to ensure that the -'~ ethylene glycol is readily dispersed throughout the propellant by shaking the aerosol container before actuation.
Example 6 Z0 This Example illustrates the preparation of a deodorant composition for use in a roll-ball applicator.
' The foliowing ingredients were mixed together:
/0 by wei~ht Sodium alginate 5 Z5 2-ethyl-1,3-hexane diol 5 Water 9 The thicke~ed liquid product so produced provided . ~, . .
an excellent body odour suppressing product for use in a roll-ball applicator.
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Claims

The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:

1. A cosmetically acceptable deodorant composition substantially free from astringent antiperspirant agents and germicides, the composition comprising from 0.1 to 20%
by weight of an organic deodorant agent, a propellant and/or a thickener, the organic deodorant agent being characterised by the property, when equilibrated with one ninth its weight of morpholine at 37°C, of depressing the partial vapour pressure of morpholine by more than 65% of that exerted by morpholine alone.

2. A deodorant composition according to claim 1, in which the organic deodorant agent has the property of depressing the partial vapour pressure of morpholine by more than 80%.

3. A deodorant composition according to claim 1, in which the organic deodorant agent forms from 0.5 to 10%
by weight of the composition.

4, A deodorant composition according to claim 1,2 or 3, in which the organic deodorant agent is an aliphatic substance comprising a straight chain of from 2-10 carbon atoms and having at least 2 hydroxy groups attached to that chain.

5. A deodorant composition according to claim 1,2 or 3, in which the organic deodorant agent is an aliphatic diol selected from the group consisting of ethane diols, propane diols, butane diols, pentane diols, hexane diols, heptane diols, decane diols and mixtures thereof.

6. A deodorant composition according to claim 1,2 or 3, in which the organic deodorant agent is 2-methyl-2,4-pentane diol.

7. A deodorant composition according to claim 1,2 or 3, in which the organic deodorant agent is 2-ethyl-1,3-hexane diol.

8. A deodorant composition according to claim 1,2 or 3, in which the organic deodorant agent is selected from the group consisting of urea propionamide cyclohexanone di-octyl phthalate n-dodecane glycerol tripalmitate 2-ethoxyethyl acetate dibutyl phthalate diethyl phthalate glycerol polyvinyl alcohol and mixtures thereof.