CA1036824A - Grinding and polishing device - Google Patents
Grinding and polishing deviceInfo
- Publication number
- CA1036824A CA1036824A CA230,640A CA230640A CA1036824A CA 1036824 A CA1036824 A CA 1036824A CA 230640 A CA230640 A CA 230640A CA 1036824 A CA1036824 A CA 1036824A
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- tool
- powder
- polishing
- tool according
- plate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
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- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
Abstract
ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE
The invention relates to grinding or polishing tools adapted for use with an abrasive substance interposed between the grinding tool and the surface to be ground. The invention is characterised in that the tool whose working surface comprises relatively hard portions together with relatively softer portions is fabricated of conglomerate bodies of metal powders of different hardnesses bonded together with synthetic resins, the respective bodies being assembled together by a moulding or adhesive bonding operation to form a composite grinding and polishing plate or tool.
The invention relates to grinding or polishing tools adapted for use with an abrasive substance interposed between the grinding tool and the surface to be ground. The invention is characterised in that the tool whose working surface comprises relatively hard portions together with relatively softer portions is fabricated of conglomerate bodies of metal powders of different hardnesses bonded together with synthetic resins, the respective bodies being assembled together by a moulding or adhesive bonding operation to form a composite grinding and polishing plate or tool.
Description
10;~6~Z4 ~ Back~round of the Invention In the British patent No. 1,40~,167 a device is described for grinding or polishing workpieces made of various materials, the grinding or polishing being done with th~ help of a oonventlonal solid, pasty or llquld abrasive containing, for example, alumina, carborundum or diamond powder. The abrasive substance is injected between the sur-~ace of the workpiece and the working surface of the device, which is not itself the abra~ive agent. ~he device can be a plate with a flat surface or a body having a oylindrical, spherical or conical working suri?aoe, depending on the nature of the workpiece. In the known device the working surface ~arles ln nature from region to region, portlon~ of the de-vlce consi~ting of oomparatively hard m~tal, such as ca~t iron or ca~t steel, other portlons consieting of a less hard materlal euoh ac oopper, lead, tin, graphite or aluminium.
~he devioe is arranged ln suoh a way that the different por-tiona of its working ~urface, Or different hardnesses, make contact periodically and regularly with all the regions of the workpiece surface.
In this known device the softer portions, which are usually made of copper, are f~r~ed by conglomerating a metal powder with a synthetic resinO ~he mixture Or powder and resin is poured directly into recesses in a
~he devioe is arranged ln suoh a way that the different por-tiona of its working ~urface, Or different hardnesses, make contact periodically and regularly with all the regions of the workpiece surface.
In this known device the softer portions, which are usually made of copper, are f~r~ed by conglomerating a metal powder with a synthetic resinO ~he mixture Or powder and resin is poured directly into recesses in a
- 2 -.-:
103~Z4 cast iron plate, Thus the different regions of the working sur-face of the device are alternately cast iron and copper conglom-erate, The Present Invention Starting out from a grinding and polishing device of this known kind as above described, the device according to the present inventlon is characterized in that the harder and softer portions of the working face are both conglomerates of metal powders of different hardnesses bonded with synthetic resins, the bodies being assembled together by a moulding or adhesive bonding operation to form a composite grinding or polishing plateO
The device includes a plate having cylindrical studs of a conglomerated powder containing a relatively soft metal, the studs being imbedded in a matrix of a conglomerated powder containing a relatively hard metal, The present invention is also directed toward a process ~or making a polishing tool whlch comprises the steps of forming the cylindrical studs by moulding copper powder bonded with a synthetic resin, introducing the studs into a circular mould, in positions required to occupy in the polishing plate, filling the mould with iron foundry powder mixed with a synthetic resin, conglomerating the mixture, so as to form a polishing plate, and finally grinding and polishing the working face of the plate.
The above construction of the grinding or polishing device considerably facilitates manufacture and the results ob-tained, in regard to the rapidity of removal of material from the workpiece surface, is at least as good as what can be obtained using the prior device consisting of a massive casting containing imbedded inserts made of a conglomerated copper powder, The device according to the invention has the advantage that it operates more economically in regard to consumption of abrasive substances, in particular diamond paste~ Furthermore, the com-~ _ 3 _ ~.
~0368Z4 posite plate of the device according to the invention wears downevenly, the grinding or polishing surface remaining flatO
A further and special advantage of the device ~o36824 according to the invention derives from the fact that the known cast iron grinding or polishing plates, even those containing copper inserts or inserts made of conglomerated copper powder, cannot be used in preparing metallurgical polished specimens because they modify the crystalline structure near the surface of the specimen. The device according to the present invention does not suffer from this disadvantage.
Several examples of the invention will now be described with the help of the drawing, in which :
Figure 1 is a plan view of the grinding or polishing device according to the invention;
Figure 2 is a section taken in the plane II-II
of Figure 1;
Figure 3 shows another example of the invention;
FiSure 4 shows a variant of the devioe shown in F~gur~ 3;
Figure 5 is a side view of a grinding or polishing : device according to the inve~tion in the form of a disc whose-working surface is its peripheral cylindrical : surface;
Figure 6 is a front view of the device of Figure 5;
Figure 7 is an axial section through a hand-tool - according to the invention, for manual grinding operations.
The grinding or polishing device according to the , iO368Z4 invention comprises a composite plate 1 made by - conglomcrating iron foundry powder ¦or a mixture of this with another hard subst~nce such as a -carbide or an oxide). Imbeclded in the pl~te 1 there are several cylindrical studs 2, 3, 4 made, from example of conslomèrated copper powder. Both the powders (iron and coppcr) are preferably conglomerated by using the same synthetic resin binder~
The composite plate 1 is mounted, preferably by sticking by means of an adhesive, on a rigid base plate 5 made, for example, of cast iron or cast steel and precision ground.
The composite plate 1 is made by the following method :
The cylindrical studs 2, 3, 4 ... are made by introducing a mixture of coppcr powder and synthetic re~in into a mould, where the mixture is hardened either in the cold or with the application of heat and pressure. The moulded studs are initially longer than what will finally be required. The ends of the studs are then cut off with a saw and at least one face of each stud is ground true. The studs are then inserted into a circular mould, with the ground face of the stud in contact with the bottom of the mould. The studs ' .
. . .
~;0368Z4 are positioned in the mould on concentric. circles, for example as represented in Figure 1. The studs on the different concentric circles can have the same or different diameters~ There is then introduced into the circular mould containing the 6tuds a mixture of iron foundry powder and synthetic re~in~ so that tho powder fills the space bctween the stude. The upper surface of the material is then equalized and the powder is hardened, either in the cold or with the application of heat. If desired pressure can be applied by using a cover for the moul.d.
The composite plate thus formed is ground true ' on both faces and preferably stuck to the rigid supporting plate 5.
In the example shown in l~igure 3 the composite . pIate 1 con-~ists of sectors 6, 7, ~, 9 ... . Neighbouring sector~ are made o' powdered metal~ of dif'erent hardnesses, Por exàmple alternating between iron foundry powder and ,. , copper powder. The sectors are made by a moulding operation, as described above for the studs. The sectors are then stuck together to form the composite plate, which is then ground true on both faces and finally stuck to a ,rigid supporting plate 5, as described for the example of Figures 1 and 2. This example of the invention has the advantage that. a worn or damaged sector can easily be .
1036~24 replaced by unsticking it from the supporting plato 5, without disturbing the other sectors. A new sector can then be stuck in place.
If desired, more than two different powder mixtures can be used for making the sectors, the sectors ' bcing nevertheless arranged in a regular and repeated , ' pattern.
In the example in ~igure 4 all the sectors 10, 11, 12, 13 ... are the same as each other. Each sector consists of a matrix of iron foundry powder with a resin binder, each sector containing imbedded copper studs 1~, 15, 16 ... . The method of manufacture is essentially as described for the example of Fi$ures 1,a,nd 2, the only difference being that the body of the composite plate ~15 'is in this case made up of individually moulded sectors rather than being simply a circular moulded disc. This example also has the advantage of the example of Figure 3 ! that worn or damaged sectors can casily be replaced.
In another example of the invention, which is not , shown in the drawing, each sector 6, 7, 8, 9 ... (compare Figure 3) is itself subdivided into annular segments. The , segments are made of métal powders of different hardnesses, bonded with resin binders; the powders, for example iron 'foundry'powder and copper powder, alternating both radially and circumferentially.
_ 7 .
~036~
The different portions of the composite platc, some harder and some softer, can if desired be made - using mixtures of different powders.
The example of the invention shown in Figures 5 and 6 is a composite circular plate 17 which functions after the manner of an ed~e grinding wheel. The main body of thc composite plate can, for example, be mado ' of iron powder bonded with a synthetic resin and ha~ing regularly distributed peripheral teeth 18, 18', 18" ... .
Betwoen the teeth there are moulded inserts 19, 19', 19'' made of copper powder bonded with a resin, the inserts being stuck to the circular plate 17. Composite plates of this kind can be made by startin$ out from a comparatively long cylinder of conglomerated iron dust with imbedded bars of conglomerated copper powder. ~he comparati~ely long cylinder is then cut with a saw into discs of the desired - thicknQss. Finally each composite disc is mounted on a ~hAft 20.
~igure 7 shows a manual tool for grinding or polishing, in particular the kind o~ tool used for grinding and polishing the apertures in wire-drawing dies. The tool has a core 21 made, for example, of conglomerat0d copper, and an outer plate 22 which can consi~t of conslomerated iron or steel powder. The tool can be made in the lcnown way by extrusion through a double extrusion die.
.
. .
103~Z4 cast iron plate, Thus the different regions of the working sur-face of the device are alternately cast iron and copper conglom-erate, The Present Invention Starting out from a grinding and polishing device of this known kind as above described, the device according to the present inventlon is characterized in that the harder and softer portions of the working face are both conglomerates of metal powders of different hardnesses bonded with synthetic resins, the bodies being assembled together by a moulding or adhesive bonding operation to form a composite grinding or polishing plateO
The device includes a plate having cylindrical studs of a conglomerated powder containing a relatively soft metal, the studs being imbedded in a matrix of a conglomerated powder containing a relatively hard metal, The present invention is also directed toward a process ~or making a polishing tool whlch comprises the steps of forming the cylindrical studs by moulding copper powder bonded with a synthetic resin, introducing the studs into a circular mould, in positions required to occupy in the polishing plate, filling the mould with iron foundry powder mixed with a synthetic resin, conglomerating the mixture, so as to form a polishing plate, and finally grinding and polishing the working face of the plate.
The above construction of the grinding or polishing device considerably facilitates manufacture and the results ob-tained, in regard to the rapidity of removal of material from the workpiece surface, is at least as good as what can be obtained using the prior device consisting of a massive casting containing imbedded inserts made of a conglomerated copper powder, The device according to the invention has the advantage that it operates more economically in regard to consumption of abrasive substances, in particular diamond paste~ Furthermore, the com-~ _ 3 _ ~.
~0368Z4 posite plate of the device according to the invention wears downevenly, the grinding or polishing surface remaining flatO
A further and special advantage of the device ~o36824 according to the invention derives from the fact that the known cast iron grinding or polishing plates, even those containing copper inserts or inserts made of conglomerated copper powder, cannot be used in preparing metallurgical polished specimens because they modify the crystalline structure near the surface of the specimen. The device according to the present invention does not suffer from this disadvantage.
Several examples of the invention will now be described with the help of the drawing, in which :
Figure 1 is a plan view of the grinding or polishing device according to the invention;
Figure 2 is a section taken in the plane II-II
of Figure 1;
Figure 3 shows another example of the invention;
FiSure 4 shows a variant of the devioe shown in F~gur~ 3;
Figure 5 is a side view of a grinding or polishing : device according to the inve~tion in the form of a disc whose-working surface is its peripheral cylindrical : surface;
Figure 6 is a front view of the device of Figure 5;
Figure 7 is an axial section through a hand-tool - according to the invention, for manual grinding operations.
The grinding or polishing device according to the , iO368Z4 invention comprises a composite plate 1 made by - conglomcrating iron foundry powder ¦or a mixture of this with another hard subst~nce such as a -carbide or an oxide). Imbeclded in the pl~te 1 there are several cylindrical studs 2, 3, 4 made, from example of conslomèrated copper powder. Both the powders (iron and coppcr) are preferably conglomerated by using the same synthetic resin binder~
The composite plate 1 is mounted, preferably by sticking by means of an adhesive, on a rigid base plate 5 made, for example, of cast iron or cast steel and precision ground.
The composite plate 1 is made by the following method :
The cylindrical studs 2, 3, 4 ... are made by introducing a mixture of coppcr powder and synthetic re~in into a mould, where the mixture is hardened either in the cold or with the application of heat and pressure. The moulded studs are initially longer than what will finally be required. The ends of the studs are then cut off with a saw and at least one face of each stud is ground true. The studs are then inserted into a circular mould, with the ground face of the stud in contact with the bottom of the mould. The studs ' .
. . .
~;0368Z4 are positioned in the mould on concentric. circles, for example as represented in Figure 1. The studs on the different concentric circles can have the same or different diameters~ There is then introduced into the circular mould containing the 6tuds a mixture of iron foundry powder and synthetic re~in~ so that tho powder fills the space bctween the stude. The upper surface of the material is then equalized and the powder is hardened, either in the cold or with the application of heat. If desired pressure can be applied by using a cover for the moul.d.
The composite plate thus formed is ground true ' on both faces and preferably stuck to the rigid supporting plate 5.
In the example shown in l~igure 3 the composite . pIate 1 con-~ists of sectors 6, 7, ~, 9 ... . Neighbouring sector~ are made o' powdered metal~ of dif'erent hardnesses, Por exàmple alternating between iron foundry powder and ,. , copper powder. The sectors are made by a moulding operation, as described above for the studs. The sectors are then stuck together to form the composite plate, which is then ground true on both faces and finally stuck to a ,rigid supporting plate 5, as described for the example of Figures 1 and 2. This example of the invention has the advantage that. a worn or damaged sector can easily be .
1036~24 replaced by unsticking it from the supporting plato 5, without disturbing the other sectors. A new sector can then be stuck in place.
If desired, more than two different powder mixtures can be used for making the sectors, the sectors ' bcing nevertheless arranged in a regular and repeated , ' pattern.
In the example in ~igure 4 all the sectors 10, 11, 12, 13 ... are the same as each other. Each sector consists of a matrix of iron foundry powder with a resin binder, each sector containing imbedded copper studs 1~, 15, 16 ... . The method of manufacture is essentially as described for the example of Fi$ures 1,a,nd 2, the only difference being that the body of the composite plate ~15 'is in this case made up of individually moulded sectors rather than being simply a circular moulded disc. This example also has the advantage of the example of Figure 3 ! that worn or damaged sectors can casily be replaced.
In another example of the invention, which is not , shown in the drawing, each sector 6, 7, 8, 9 ... (compare Figure 3) is itself subdivided into annular segments. The , segments are made of métal powders of different hardnesses, bonded with resin binders; the powders, for example iron 'foundry'powder and copper powder, alternating both radially and circumferentially.
_ 7 .
~036~
The different portions of the composite platc, some harder and some softer, can if desired be made - using mixtures of different powders.
The example of the invention shown in Figures 5 and 6 is a composite circular plate 17 which functions after the manner of an ed~e grinding wheel. The main body of thc composite plate can, for example, be mado ' of iron powder bonded with a synthetic resin and ha~ing regularly distributed peripheral teeth 18, 18', 18" ... .
Betwoen the teeth there are moulded inserts 19, 19', 19'' made of copper powder bonded with a resin, the inserts being stuck to the circular plate 17. Composite plates of this kind can be made by startin$ out from a comparatively long cylinder of conglomerated iron dust with imbedded bars of conglomerated copper powder. ~he comparati~ely long cylinder is then cut with a saw into discs of the desired - thicknQss. Finally each composite disc is mounted on a ~hAft 20.
~igure 7 shows a manual tool for grinding or polishing, in particular the kind o~ tool used for grinding and polishing the apertures in wire-drawing dies. The tool has a core 21 made, for example, of conglomerat0d copper, and an outer plate 22 which can consi~t of conslomerated iron or steel powder. The tool can be made in the lcnown way by extrusion through a double extrusion die.
.
. .
Claims (12)
1. A plate-shaped polishing tool which is not itself abrasive comprising a working surface having hard portions and soft portions, the hard portions being harder than the soft por-tions, the tool being intended for use with a paste of abrasive substance, which is interposed between the working surface of the tool and a surface to be polished, the hard and soft portions of the working surface of the tool being formed of metal powders of different hardness respectively bonded with synthetic resins, the tool being formed by a moulding or adhesive bonding operation.
2. The tool according to claim 1, wherein the harder portions are formed from material selected from the group consis-ting of cast iron and steel, and the softer portions are formed from mateiral selected from the group consisting of copper, lead, tin and graphite.
3. The tool according to claim 1, wherein the polishing tool is in plate form and is fixed to a rigid cast-iron or steel supporting plate.
4. The tool according to claim 1, wherein the polishing tool includes a plate having cylindrical studs of a conglomerated powder containing a relatively soft metal, the studs being im-bedded in a matrix of a conglomerated powder containing a relati-vely hard metal.
5. The tool according to claim 4, wherein the relati-vely soft metal is copper and the relatively hard metal is cast iron.
6. A process for making a polishing tool as claimed in claim 4, comprising the steps of forming the cylindrical studs by moulding copper powder bonded with a synthetic resin introducing the studs into a circular mould, in positions required to occupy in the polishing plate, filling the mould with iron foundry powder mixed with a synthetic resin, conglomerating the mixture, so as to form a polishing plate, and finally grinding and polishing the working face of the plate.
7. The tool according to claim 3, wherein the polishing plate includes sectors assembled together by adhesive bonding.
8. The tool according to claim 7, wherein alternating adjacent bodies are made by conglomerating different metal powders.
9. The tool according to claim 7, wherein the sectors are made of conglomerated powder of a hard metal and contain imbedded studs made of conglomerated powder of a soft metal.
10. The tool according to claim 7, wherein the sectors are subdivided into annular segments, alternate segments being ma-de of different conglomerated powders, the different powders al-ternating both radially and circumferentially.
11. The tool according to claim 1, wherein the working surface of the tool is the peripheral surface of a circular disc made by conglomerating a powder of a comparatively hard metal, the peripheral surface having teeth between which are bodies made of conglomerated powder of a softer material, the disc functioning after the manner of a grinding wheel.
12. The tool according to claim 1, wherein the tool is a hand-tool of the kind used for grinding and polishing wire-drawing dies and consists of a rod containing a core made by con-glomerating a powder of a comparatively soft material, and an outer sheath made by conglomerating a powder of a harder material.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA230,640A CA1036824A (en) | 1975-07-02 | 1975-07-02 | Grinding and polishing device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA230,640A CA1036824A (en) | 1975-07-02 | 1975-07-02 | Grinding and polishing device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA1036824A true CA1036824A (en) | 1978-08-22 |
Family
ID=4103507
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA230,640A Expired CA1036824A (en) | 1975-07-02 | 1975-07-02 | Grinding and polishing device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA1036824A (en) |
-
1975
- 1975-07-02 CA CA230,640A patent/CA1036824A/en not_active Expired
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