AU718865B2 - Subsurface probe system for chemical and mineral exploration - Google Patents
Subsurface probe system for chemical and mineral exploration Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- AU718865B2 AU718865B2 AU28284/97A AU2828497A AU718865B2 AU 718865 B2 AU718865 B2 AU 718865B2 AU 28284/97 A AU28284/97 A AU 28284/97A AU 2828497 A AU2828497 A AU 2828497A AU 718865 B2 AU718865 B2 AU 718865B2
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- probe
- transmitting
- probe system
- information
- energy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 title claims description 126
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 title description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis($l^{2}-silanylidene)molybdenum Chemical compound [Si]=[Mo]=[Si] YXTPWUNVHCYOSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021343 molybdenum disilicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L Copper hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Cu+2] JJLJMEJHUUYSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 108091092889 HOTTIP Proteins 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005679 Peltier effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000615 nonconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003870 refractory metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009385 rock melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/26—Drilling without earth removal, e.g. with self-propelled burrowing devices
- E21B7/267—Drilling devices with senders, e.g. radio-transmitters for position of drilling tool
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
- E21B47/12—Means for transmitting measuring-signals or control signals from the well to the surface, or from the surface to the well, e.g. for logging while drilling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/14—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling
- E21B7/15—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling of electrically generated heat
Description
WO 98/37301 PCT/US97/07613 -1- SUBSURFACE PROBE SYSTEM FOR CHEMICAL AND MINERAL EXPLORATION BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to an inexpensive and minimally intrusive means for placing a probe below a surface. In particular, this invention relates to placing a probe at depths (up to 1000's of feet) into the Earth while concomitantly receiving high quality data giving compositional information at depth.
Exploratory drilling is expensive using present commercial practice in which typically 20 cm. boreholes are drilled. The present system is an alternative to conventional exploratory drilling.
SUMMARY OF THE PRESENT INVENTION The present invention is a probe system and a method for providing information about the material below a surface. The information may be logging, seismic, chemical, and information about the structural and physical propel-ties of the material below the surface. In particular, the information may provide the direct detection of hydrocarbon fossil fuel. The system includes a probe which includes a housing and a heating element. The heating element heats the material in the vicinity of the housing so that the probe may penetrate the material. If the sunounding material is rock then the temperature of the heating element must be sufficient to meltrock. The probe system also includes a means for connecting cable) the probe to the surface. The connecting means is stored on the probe for deployment (spinning out) as the probe descends to depth. The probe also includes a means for transmitting information from the probe back to the surface. This means for transmitting information may be wire or fiber optic filaments or may be an on board transmitter. The energy source may be included in a field module at the surface or at the point of departure of the probe if that is a different site. Alternately, the energy source may be located on the probe (see U.S. 3,693,731). If the energy source is not on the probe, then the probe system must include a means for transmitting energy from the energy source to the probe. The means for connecting the probe, means WO 98/37301 PCT/US97/07613 -2for transmitting information and the means for transmitting energy may be combined in various combinations or may all be the same means.
The probe system may also include a means for transmitting control signals to the probe, for example, for guidance, turning sensors on and off, measuring length of the spun-out wire for depth, etc. The means for connecting the probe, transmitting information, transmitting energy and transmitting control signals may be combined in various combinations.
However, in a prefenrred embodiment, one means including two wires or filaments is used for all communication with the probe. The probe may also include logging, tracking, or other system apparatus.
The probe descends below the surface by heating the surrounding material. If the surface is the solid earth, then the probe descends by melting the surrounding rock. If the surface is water, the probe first is lowered into the water until it encounters the floor of the water body. Thereafter, it continues its descent by heating the surrounding material.
Brief Description of the Drawings Figure 1 shows the basic elements of the present invention.
Figure 2 shows another embodiment of the present invention that includes a thermoelectric heat pump.
Figure 3 shows another embodiment of the present invention that includes uninsulated conductors.
Figure 4 shows a schematic of the use of the present invention in drilling operation.
Figure 5 shows another embodiment of the present invention that includes a swept back geometry.
Figure 6 shows another embodiment of the present invention that includes a swept back geometry and coaxial conductor.
WO 98/37301 PCT/US97/07613 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT The present invention is a subsurface probe system that includes a probe to provide information about the material below the surface. The probe will be described with respect to obtaining logging information below the Earth's surface. However, other types of information may be obtained. For the embodiments described below, the probe is a boring tool that melts the rock below it as it descends within the Earth yet results in no residual borehole.
Example 1: Probe System The basic elements of a simple probe are shown in Figure 1. The probe includes a refractory tip filament storage compartment and conductor or fiber optic filament An energy source (not shown) is located at the point of departure of the probe as the probe descends.
A problem arises in conventional drilling in disposing of the removed material which can accumulate in the gap between the drill and the borehole, causing the drill to become immovable and hence inoperative. The present invention makes it unnecessary to transport drilled out material. The probe couples a refractory tip having a diameter considerably larger than that of the conductor or fiber optic filament onto the end of the filament. The transmitted energy heats the tip which in turn melts the rock, creating a molten zone surrounding the tip. The heated tip melts rock in its path of descent with the molten rock flowing around the drill body as a thin layer that enters the wake. Upon cooling and resolidification the solid rock embeds the wires.
The invention avoids feeding the wires firom ground level. The wires are stored as a coil inside the filament storage space of the probe and spun out as the drill descends. Thus, deployed filament is stationary relative to the surrounding rock so no problem of firiction arises as would be the case, for example, if filament were fed through a borehole from the surface.
The probe is provided with a bulk mass density greater than that of the magma. In operation, under the influence of gravity, the probe and a molten zone surrounding the probe descend together thurough the Earth.
WO 98/37301 PCT/US97/07613 -4- OTHER EMBODIMENTS Example 2: Probe with Heat Pump Objectives of this embodiment of the probe are to minimize the energy that must be transmitted to the probe through the filaments and to permit faster descent to deeper depths.
An example of one system is shown in Figure 2. The probe consists of a heated hemispherical tip (10) with heat supplied from a heat pump such as a thermnnoelectric device employing the Peltier effect. The heat pump is shown surrounded by filament storage space 16 in the figure. The heat pump draws its input heat from the molten rock in the wake of the probe via thermal fins in contact with the wake magma. Electric energy supplied firom ground level tuhrough conductive wires powers the heat pump.
The heat energy delivered by the heat pump to the probe tip can in principle greatly exceed the electrical energy input to the terminals of the heat pump. As predicted by the second law of thermodynamics the ratio of heat to work can approach T 2
/(T
2 -T 1 where T 1 is temperature of the wake magma and
T
2 is temperature of the tip. For example, with T 1 of 1990K and T 2 of 2000 K the ratio is 200. In practice, non-idealities reduce the ratio. However, using this mode of operation the input power is reduced, filament diameter reduced, greater length of filament may be stored on board, and deeper depths can be probed faster.
Example 3: Probe with Uninsulated Conductors In one embodiment of Example 1 the probe is heated electrically with energy transmitted through insulated, conductive filaments. Example 2 provided a heat pump means for increasing the velocity of probe descent by amplifying the heat delivered to the hot tip for a given input of electrical energy.
The present embodiment provides an alternative system for minimizing the energy that must be supplied by the source. The system yields a probe that can descend deeper and faster than the probe of Example 1.
WO 98/37301 PCT/US97/07613 The probe, illustrated schematically in Figure 3, employs bare filament with solidified rock furnishing the effective insulation. Rock insulation provides.two benefits; the space taken up in the filament storage compartment by clad insulation is replaced by conductor thus reducing the filament resistance and allowing increased power to be supplied to the heated probe. In addition, the onboard filament is stored in a manner such that the current is shunted to the heating element of the probe yielding negligible ohmic loss in the stored filament.
Referring to Figure 3, the shunting of stored conductor (13) and is accomplished by tightly packing the coiled filaments and/or filling the storage compartments with conductive liquid, a molten metal (17) that wets and fills interstices between the coils of the conductive filament. The storage compartments are insulated from each other by an insulating wall A guide plate (11) contains openings that guide the spun out filaments into a spacedapart configuration to prevent their contacting each other. This permits a relatively high voltage difference to be maintained across the filaments while preventing electrical breakdown. The wide spacing also minimizes parasitic conduction current through the molten rock of the wake.
If desired, heat may be generated in a component of the probe that is spaced apart from the tip, transmitting the heat energy by radiation, heat pipe, or other means to the tip material which can then be chosen for its physical and chemical compatibility with magma. Alternatively, the rock melting energy may be deposited more directly in the rock, e.g..by ohmic or arc discharge in magma adjacent to the tip of the probe.
Logging data and other types of information can be generated by any convenient sensor, such as optical or infrared emission, electrical resistance, thermoelectric, etc. that may be stored in or constitute part of the probe.
Transmission of the sensed signals from the probe to ground level may be accomplished using the same or additional electrical and/or optical filaments that supplied the heating power. Alternatively, signals may be transmitted by acoustic, electromagnetic wave, or other means.
WO 98/37301 PCT/US97/07613 -6- Although the present invention is described in reference to placing a probe beneath the surface of the Earth, it will be evident that the technique is also applicable to prospecting on planetary bodies and satellites in space exploration, probing of concrete and rock structures, probing beneath polar ice, etc.
Example 4: Subsurface probe with swept back geometry In this embodiment, four different cases are presented in Figures and 6. In all of them, the body of the probe is in the shape of a fi-ustum 20 of a cone. This shape is chosen for the purpose of better heat management. Heat loss from the melt layer is reduced, preventing the layer from fieezing and arresting the motion of the probe. In addition, if the body were cylindrical, the melted rock would form a relatively thin layer flowing over the cylinder surface, and the drag force on the probe would tend to be excessive for large aspect ratios. The drag force, in turn, would position the nose of the probe at a relatively large standoff distance from the approaching solid rock, resulting in increased required surface and interior temperatures to maintain a given advance rate. The swept back shape of the frustum creates a thicker layer around the frustum. Because viscous drag is inversely proportional to the layer thickness, the drag force and corresponding operating temperatures are substantially reduced.
Because of the wire spin out feature, heat management during descent is a dynamic issue. As wire is spun out, the probe mass and corresponding downward force decrease, tending to increase surface and interior temperatures for a given advance rate. To counteract this effect, rock melt is allowed to enter the realr of the probe. Perforations or slots in the probe body, not shown in the figures, can be provided, if desired, to facilitate melt flow into the probe.
Case I. Insulated conductor Power is supplied by two insulated filaments 21, 22. These filaments, for example, may be alumina-coated or boron-nitride-coated tungsten.
Both filaments are stored on board the probe and spun out as the probe descends.
WO 98/37301 PCT/US97/07613 -7- Figure 5 illustrates major design features. The filaments are wound on spools, 23, 24, with the assembly termed a "bobbin". Each bobbin is stored in a separate compartment, with the bobbin rotatable on a fixed rod, 25, 26. Filament unwound from a bobbin is led through a narrow conduit in the probe outer wall and exits through an opening in the guide plate 27 at the rear of the probe. The bobbin can be provided with a tensioning device so that a specified torque is required to rotate the bobbin (detail not shown). The effect of tensioning is to prevent excess filament from unwinding while maintaining spun out filament taut in the wake.
Electrical contact between a filament and spool rod is achieved through a rotary contact, with a current lead connected from a spool to the heating element 28. The heating element is in good thermal contact with the nose of the probe 29 in order to minimize temperature drop to the surface. Good thermal insulation 30 between the heating element and the wire storage compartment is required to minimize heat loss to the rear.
The nose of the probe is constructed of a refractory material, for example, molybdenum disilicide. The refractory metal molybdenum may be chosen for the body material because of its demonstrated high temperature performance and compatibility with other materials although other suitable materials may be used such as tantalum, molybdenum disilicide, coated surfaces, composites, etc.
The long length of probe is required to store the bulky insulated filaments. Power dissipated in stored filaments is thermally conducted out of the probe through the surrounding melt layer and contributes to maintenance of the melted state of the layer along the probe body.
Case II. Uninsulated conductor The probe layout is the same as shown in Figure 5. However, in this case the probe body is fabricated firom a refractory nonconductor such as zirconia to avoid leakage currents to the body of the probe.
WO 98/37301 PCT/US97/07613 -8- Probe size can be significantly smaller than Case I because filament insulator is not carried on board. Supply power is reduced because current can be shunted through the stored filaments, assumed to be in good electrical contact with each other.
Case III. Coaxial conductor A design expected to achieve size/performance intermediate between Cases I and II is illustrated in Figure 6. A single filament is employed in the form of a coaxial conductor 30. It consists of a central conductor 34 surrounded by an annular conductive layer. The space between the conductors contains an insulator 35. The outer conductor or clad 36 is uninsulated on its outer surface, so that shorting of stored filament provides self shunting of the outer conductor. Furthermore, conductivity of rock surrounding the spun-out filament assists the outer conductor in conducting current, since the rock and outer conductor are electrically parallel. A junction 38 provides electrical contact of core conductor to the end of the heating element 28 that is in contact with the nose 29.
Another feature of the design in Figure 6 is the absence of rotating parts in the probe interior. The spool rod 31 extends nearly to the guide plate 32 but does not touch it. The conductor is stored 39 about the spool rod 31 in the body 20 of the probe. The end of the rod is fitted with a spring-loaded tensioner 33 which maintains the desired level of tension on the spun out filament. No bobbin is required as the filament is fiee to circle the end of the rod. The same feature can be used, if desired, in the embodiments of Cases I and II.
Alternatively, a rotatable bobbin can be employed in the embodiment of Case III.
Case IV. Single conductor with ground return This case is similar to Case III shown in Figure 6. However, electrical power is supplied tuhrough a single filament using ground return. In this case, the coaxial conductor, shown in Figure 6 is replaced by a single conductor. The conductor may be insulated. Alternatively, a bare filament is used with insulation furnished by resolidified rock. Using bare filament permits shunt storage. This arrangement permits more filament to be stored in a given -9size probe, hence enables probes that can descend to deeper depths in a given amount of time. Alternatively, the benefit can be taken as a lower power consumption.
"Comprises/cmanprising" when used in this specification is taken to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps or components but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, components or groups thereof.
C*
1 4*
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Claims (24)
1. A subsurface probe system for providing information about the material below a surface including: a) a probe which includes a housing and a means for heating material in the vicinity of said housing so that said probe may penetrate said material, b) means for connecting the probe to said surface wherein said connecting means is stored within the probe and deployed as the probe descends, c) means for transmitting information from said probe to said surface.
2. The probe system of claim 1 wherein said means for connecting the probe and said means for transmitting information are the same means. t
3. The probe system of claim 1 further including means for transmitting energy. S.
4. The probe system of claim 3 wherein said means for connecting .the probe and said means for transmitting energy are the same means. S..
5. The probe system of claim 3 wherein the said means for transmitting information and said means for transmitting energy are the same means. all
6. The probe system of claim 3 wherein the connecting means and all transmitting means are the same means.
7. The probe system of claim 1 and 3 further including a means for transmitting control signals. 11
8. The probe system of claim 7 wherein said means for transmitting information and said means for transmitting control signals are the same means.
9. The probe system of claim 8 wherein said means for transmitting information and said means for transmitting energy and said means for transmitting control signals are the same means.
The probe system of claim 9 wherein the connecting means and all the transmitting means are the same means.
11. The probe system of claim 1 wherein the energy source for said heating means is located at said surface.
12. The probe system of claim 1 wherein the energy source for said heating means is located on said probe.
13. The probe system of claim 1 wherein said surface is a solid. S.i So
14. The probe system of claim 1 wherein said surface is liquid. o
15. The probe system of claim 1 wherein said probe further includes a heat oo:2 pump. o• oo°5
16. The probe system of claim 1 wherein said means for transmitting S. information are electrical conductors.
17. The probe system of claim 16 wherein said electrical conductors are uninsulated. 12
18. The probe system of claim 1 wherein said means for transmitting information are fiber optic filaments.
19. The probe system of claim 1 wherein said housing includes swept back geometry.
The probe system of claim 1 wherein said means for transmitting information is a coaxial cable.
21. The probe system of claim 1 wherein said means for transmitting information is a single filament and ground.
22. A method for providing information about the material below a surface including a) placing a probe below said surface wherein said probe heats said material in the vicinity of said probe so that said probe penetrates said material, b) connecting the probe to said surface wherein said connecting means is stored within the probe and deployed as the probe descends, c) transmitting information from said probe to said surface
23. The method of claim 22 further including the step of transmitting energy from said surface to said probe. 13
24. The method of claim 23 further including the step of transmitting control signals. DATED 25 1h day of February 2000 EXXON RESEARCH ENGINEERING COMPANY WATERMARK PATENT TRADEMARK ATTORNEYS 4 TH FLOOR DURACK CENTRE 263 ADELAIDE TERRACE PERTH WA 6000
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US64621196A | 1996-05-07 | 1996-05-07 | |
| US08/646211 | 1996-05-07 | ||
| US80402297A | 1997-02-21 | 1997-02-21 | |
| US08/804022 | 1997-02-21 | ||
| US84594597A | 1997-04-29 | 1997-04-29 | |
| US08/845945 | 1997-04-29 | ||
| PCT/US1997/007613 WO1998037301A1 (en) | 1996-05-07 | 1997-05-05 | Subsurface probe system for chemical and mineral exploration |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2828497A AU2828497A (en) | 1998-09-09 |
| AU718865B2 true AU718865B2 (en) | 2000-04-20 |
Family
ID=27417766
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU28284/97A Ceased AU718865B2 (en) | 1996-05-07 | 1997-05-05 | Subsurface probe system for chemical and mineral exploration |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0973992A4 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU718865B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9709061A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2253227A1 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO985190D0 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1998037301A1 (en) |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3693731A (en) * | 1971-01-08 | 1972-09-26 | Atomic Energy Commission | Method and apparatus for tunneling by melting |
| US3907044A (en) * | 1974-09-19 | 1975-09-23 | United Research & Dev Company | Geopenetrator system |
| US5176207A (en) * | 1989-08-30 | 1993-01-05 | Science & Engineering, Inc. | Underground instrumentation emplacement system |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3115194A (en) * | 1962-02-14 | 1963-12-24 | William M Adams | Nuclear reactor apparatus for earth penetration |
| US4651834A (en) * | 1985-08-09 | 1987-03-24 | Trw Inc. | Ice penetrating method and apparatus |
| RU2038475C1 (en) * | 1992-04-03 | 1995-06-27 | Санкт-Петербургский государственный горный институт им.Г.В.Плеханова (технический университет) | Electrothermomechanical drilling method and apparatus |
-
1997
- 1997-05-05 CA CA002253227A patent/CA2253227A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-05-05 EP EP97922678A patent/EP0973992A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-05-05 WO PCT/US1997/007613 patent/WO1998037301A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-05-05 BR BR9709061A patent/BR9709061A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1997-05-05 AU AU28284/97A patent/AU718865B2/en not_active Ceased
-
1998
- 1998-11-06 NO NO985190A patent/NO985190D0/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3693731A (en) * | 1971-01-08 | 1972-09-26 | Atomic Energy Commission | Method and apparatus for tunneling by melting |
| US3907044A (en) * | 1974-09-19 | 1975-09-23 | United Research & Dev Company | Geopenetrator system |
| US5176207A (en) * | 1989-08-30 | 1993-01-05 | Science & Engineering, Inc. | Underground instrumentation emplacement system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2253227A1 (en) | 1998-08-27 |
| NO985190L (en) | 1998-11-06 |
| EP0973992A4 (en) | 2000-04-26 |
| BR9709061A (en) | 1999-08-03 |
| WO1998037301A1 (en) | 1998-08-27 |
| NO985190D0 (en) | 1998-11-06 |
| EP0973992A1 (en) | 2000-01-26 |
| AU2828497A (en) | 1998-09-09 |
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