AU2021107361A4 - Smart electrical node and its control method - Google Patents

Smart electrical node and its control method Download PDF

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Publication number
AU2021107361A4
AU2021107361A4 AU2021107361A AU2021107361A AU2021107361A4 AU 2021107361 A4 AU2021107361 A4 AU 2021107361A4 AU 2021107361 A AU2021107361 A AU 2021107361A AU 2021107361 A AU2021107361 A AU 2021107361A AU 2021107361 A4 AU2021107361 A4 AU 2021107361A4
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Prior art keywords
controller unit
smart
electrical
node
power
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AU2021107361A
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Madhu G. M.
Shashannk Joshi
Chirag N. Modi
Ajit Ashok Muzumdar
Kalluru Sai Prabhanjan Reddy
C. Vyjayanthi
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National Institute of Technology India
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National Institute Of Tech Goa
National Institute of Technology India
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J13/00—Circuit arrangements for providing remote indication of network conditions, e.g. an instantaneous record of the open or closed condition of each circuitbreaker in the network; Circuit arrangements for providing remote control of switching means in a power distribution network, e.g. switching in and out of current consumers by using a pulse code signal carried by the network
    • H02J13/00032—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for
    • H02J13/00036—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers
    • H02J13/0004—Systems characterised by the controlled or operated power network elements or equipment, the power network elements or equipment not otherwise provided for the elements or equipment being or involving switches, relays or circuit breakers involved in a protection system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/001—Methods to deal with contingencies, e.g. abnormalities, faults or failures
    • H02J3/00125—Transmission line or load transient problems, e.g. overvoltage, resonance or self-excitation of inductive loads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q9/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station, in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom
    • H04Q9/02—Automatically-operated arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2209/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems
    • H04Q2209/20—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems using a distributed architecture
    • H04Q2209/25—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems using a distributed architecture using a mesh network, e.g. a public urban network such as public lighting, bus stops or traffic lights
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2209/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems
    • H04Q2209/40—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems using a wireless architecture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q2209/00—Arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems
    • H04Q2209/80—Arrangements in the sub-station, i.e. sensing device
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/50—Systems or methods supporting the power network operation or management, involving a certain degree of interaction with the load-side end user applications
    • Y04S10/52—Outage or fault management, e.g. fault detection or location
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
    • Y04S40/126—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment using wireless data transmission
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/12—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment
    • Y04S40/128—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them characterised by data transport means between the monitoring, controlling or managing units and monitored, controlled or operated electrical equipment involving the use of Internet protocol

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)

Abstract

SMART ELECTRICAL NODE AND ITS CONTROL METHOD ABSTRACT The present invention is related to development of a smart node which can be used to convert any non-smart device into smart device and have a remote power consumption as well as power quality parameter monitoring capability, will be able to control the device from client applications, performs undervoltage, overvoltage, overloading protection functions and have a local control function for reliable operation of the smart node when there is no Internet availability. 21 Drawings J- 110 Cloud Storage Utility -109 Client devices 112 106 Energy Meter 10 107 105 108 Router 102 103-.. 104J 101 01 101 1011 Smart Smart Smart Sma Node Node Node Node Electrical Electrical Electrical Electrical Load Load Load Load Figure 1 22

Description

Drawings
J- 110
Cloud Storage Utility -109 Client devices 112 106 Energy Meter 10 107 105 108 Router 102
103-..
104J 101 1011 01 101 Smart Smart Smart Sma Node Node Node Node
Electrical Electrical Electrical Electrical Load Load Load Load
Figure 1
Smart Electrical Node and its Control Method
FIELD OF INVENTION
[001]. The present disclosure relates to a development of Internet of Things enabled Smart Electrical Node for remote monitoring, controlling and protecting the connected electrical device/apparatus intelligently.
BACKGROUND & PRIOR ART
[002]. With the rapid advancements in information communication technologies and its application in electrical infrastructure, the existing electrical grid is transforming towards smart grid. The smart grid allows advanced metering, real time monitoring, high performance power converters and efficient operation of transmission and distribution networks with self-healing capabilities making it more attractive. However, in order to convert the existing electrical grid into a smart grid, a major overhaul of the existing electrical infrastructure is needed with the addition of sensors for measurements, communication devices for bi-directional information flow and remote terminal units for controlling features which makes it costlier, complex and time consuming. One of the major objectives of the smart grid technology is to provide an efficient and reliable operation at the distribution networks wherein, an individual home network forms a lowest level of distribution for which, features like remote controlling and data monitoring is developed. At present, the technology limits with the smart metering infrastructure wherein, through the use of smart meters, the power consumption of the entire home or building can be remotely monitored and billed. However, with the advancements in internet of things, extensive research is happening to develop electrical devices/appliances that have smart features like remote controlling, time scheduling and status monitoring which gives device level power status information, controlling feature and continuous monitoring capability. In order to do so, either the electrical devices should be smart devices or the connection point must be a smart point. As majority of the existing electrical devices are non-smart devices, major research is happening to develop a controller for converting non smart electrical devices to smart electrical devices.
[003]. Different controllers have been reported in the prior art, using Arduino, raspberry pi, beagle bone and other microcontrollers which used Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, LoRa communication networks to provide remote controlling features. These controllers monitored the electrical devices ON/OFF status and implemented remote controlling feature. However, as majority of the electrical devices are equipped with power electronic components, it is necessary to monitor the power quality parameters of the individual device which gives information about the power consumption characteristics and is also helpful for demand response programs. Apart from this, it is identified from the prior art that, the protection features for the electrical device is completely ignored which is one of the crucial parameters in smart grid operation. It is identified that the controllers reported in the prior art, works only when there is an Internet/network connection and stops functioning when there is no network connection, which has to be addressed.
[004]. Therefore, in this invention, a smart node is presented which can be used to convert any non-smart device into smart device and have a remote power consumption as well as power quality monitoring capability, is able to control the device from client applications, performs undervoltage, overvoltage, overloading protection functions and have a local control function for reliable operation of the smart node when there is no internet availability.
[005]. References
[006]. A. Javed, H. Larijani, A. Ahmadinia, R. Emmanuel, M. Mannion and D. Gibson, "Design and Implementation of a Cloud Enabled Random Neural Network-Based Decentralized Smart Controller with Intelligent Sensor Nodes for HVAC," IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 393 403, April 2017.
[007]. C. S. Crisan, C. Crisan, B. P. Butunoi, "An IoT-Based Smart Home Automation System," Sensors, vol. 21, 3784, May 2021.
[008]. L. Zhao, I. Brandao Machado Matsuo, Y. Zhou and W. Lee, "Design of an Industrial IoT-Based Monitoring System for Power Substations,"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 5666-5674, Nov. Dec. 2019.
[009]. A. Nugur, M. Pipattanasomporn, M. Kuzlu and S. Rahman, "Design and Development of an IoT Gateway for Smart Building Applications," IEEE Internet of Things Journal, vol. 6, no. 5, pp. 9020-9029, Oct. 2019.
[0010]. T. K. Chan, E. A. Chan, "Method and system for automated power meter infrastructure," US Patent, US 8581743B2.
[0011]. D.C. Raneri, J. C. Guellnitz, J. S. Spira, "Controllable electrical outlet with a controlled wired output," US Patent, US 10923911B2.
[0012]. P. Brantner, M. Tetreault, E. Ferguson, D. Davis, S. Monteith, M. Murray, V. Djakovic, "OT communications bridging power switch," US Patent, US 10951712B2.
[0013]. S. Chapel, W. Pachoud, "Communications protocol for intelligent outlets," US Patent, US 2017/0308109A1.
[0014]. T. Funk, P. Carpenter, K. M. McBridge, W.R. Walker, "Smart home, building, or customer premises apparatus, system and method," US Patent, US 2018/0181094AL.
[0015]. Ewing Carrel W, Maskaly James P, Beyer Erich, Campo Yael, Haas Benjamin, Auclair, Brian P, "Wireless communications capable power distribution unit and techniques for communicating therewith," Australian Patent, WO 2014/145321A3.
[0016]. S. Chapel, W. Pachoud, "Premises power usage monitoring system," US Patent, US 2019/ 181638AL.
[0017]. Groupings of alternative elements or embodiments of the invention disclosed herein are not to be construed as limitations. Each group member can be referred to and claimed individually or in any combination with other members of the group or other elements found herein. One or more members of a group can be included in, or deleted from, a group for reasons of convenience and/or patentability. When any such inclusion or deletion occurs, the specification is herein deemed to contain the group as modified thus fulfilling the written description of all Markus groups used in the appended claims.
[0018]. As used in the description herein and throughout the claims that follow, the meaning of "a," "an," and "the" includes plural reference unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Also, as used in the description herein, the meaning of "in" includes "in" and "on" unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
[0019]. The recitation of ranges of values herein is merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range. Unless otherwise indicated herein, each individual value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.
[0020]. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g. "such as") provided with respect to certain embodiments herein is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element essential to the practice of the invention.
[0021]. The above information disclosed in this Background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the background of the invention and therefore it may contain information that does not form the prior art that is already known in this country to a person of ordinary skill in the art.
SUMMARY
[0022]. In accordance with the embodiment of the present invention, the smart electrical node is a device connected between the electrical supply point and the electrical device/apparatus to convert the conventional electrical device/apparatus into smart electric device/apparatus. The power consumption and power quality parameters of such device can be continuously monitored and the supply to the electrical device can be remotely and intelligently controlled.
[0023]. The invention also provides an intelligent protection feature for the connected device/apparatus during under voltage and over voltage conditions so that any malfunction or damage of the electric device/apparatus can be prevented. The invented smart electrical node has over loading protection feature which restricts the current carrying capability of the connected device/apparatus whose threshold value can be configured manually as well as remotely for demand response programs, as well as to protect the rest of the electrical network in the event of faults in the electrical device/apparatus.
[0024]. In addition, the invented smart electrical node has a capability of operating in local control mode in the case of loss of connection from the server wherein, it intelligently performs local controlling of the connected electrical device/apparatus with overloading, under voltage/over voltage protection capabilities. Finally, the invented device possesses a novel mode transition feature from server connected mode to local control mode during loss of Internet/server connection and from local control mode to server/cloud connected mode when the internet/server comes online.
OBJECTIVE OF THE INVENTION
[0025]. The disclosed invention is intended to be used for converting the existing electrical devices/apparatus into smart electric device. The invention can also be used to reduce the electrical demand during peak demand conditions at device level by controlling the devices from cloud /server control.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0026]. Further clarify various aspects of some example embodiments of the present invention, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. It is appreciated that these drawings depict only illustrated embodiments of the invention and are therefore not to be considered limiting of its scope. The invention will be described and explained with additional specificity and detail through the use of the accompanying drawings.
[0027]. In order that the advantages of the present invention will be easily understood, a detailed description of the invention is discussed below in conjunction with the appended drawings, which, however, should not be considered to limit the scope of the invention to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0028]. Figure 1 shows: Block diagram of the smart electric node connected in the home system with power supply and information flow representation.
[0029]. Figure 2 shows: Block diagram representation of the smart electrical node.
[0030]. Figure 3 shows: Developed smart node. a) Implemented prototype, b) e) Different operating modes.
[0031]. Figure 4 shows: Overall control method of the invented smart node.
[0032]. Figure 5 shows: System considered for testing the smart node.
[0033]. Figure 6 shows: Experimental results under remote controlling test case. a) API testing tool command log b) event log in smart node and c) DSO results.
[0034]. Figure 7 shows: Monitored power quality parameters from the smart node. a) RMS voltage in V, b) RMS current in A, c) P in W, d) Q in VAr, e) S in VA, f) power factor and g) frequency.
[0035]. Figure 8 shows: Operation of smart node during under voltage condition. a) event log in smart node, b) DSO results and c) Display showing operating status in smart node.
[0036]. Figure 9 shows: Operation of smart node during under voltage recovery condition. a) event log in smart node, b) DSO results and c) Display showing operating status in smart node.
[0037]. Figure 10 shows: Operation of smart node during over voltage condition. a) event log in smart node, b) DSO results and c) Display showing operating status in smart node.
[0038]. Figure 11 shows: Operation of smart node during Over voltage recovery condition. a) event log in smart node, b) DSO results and c) Display showing operating status in smart node.
[0039]. Figure 12 shows: Operation of smart node during Over loading condition. a) event log in smart node, b) DSO results and c) Display showing operating status in smart node.
[0040]. Figure 13 shows: Operation of smart node during loss of internet connection. a) event log in smart node, and b) Display showing operating status in smart node.
[0041]. Figure 14 shows: Operation of smart node during from local control mode to server control mode when internet connection is available. a) event log in smart node, and b) Display showing operating status in smart node.
DETAIL DESCRIPTION
[0042]. The present disclosure provides the detailed description of the embodiment of smart electrical node and its control method.
[0043]. Figure 1 presents the overall system and working block diagram of the invented smart electrical node connected between the electrical supply point and the apparatus. Here, the controller runs a disclosed control algorithm which intelligently controls, monitors and protects the connected electrical apparatus. Such multiple smart electrical nodes can be used to implement a smart home network wherein multiple apparatus can be monitored and controlled as shown in figure 1.
[0044]. Smart Node:
[0045]. Figure 2 presents the block diagram of the invented smart node. It mainly consists of a supply connecting terminal, an electrical load connecting terminal, a controller unit (Arduino UNO as a controller), a communication circuit (ESP 8266 NODE MCU), a sensing and processing circuit (LV 25P voltage transducer for Voltage measurement, LA 25 P current transducer for current measurement, NE 5532 Op Amp for filtering and signal processing of measured voltage and current information), a relay circuit, auxiliary power circuit (a 220/12 V step down transformer, IC 7805, IC7915, IC7815 voltage regulators for providing low voltage DC supply for circuit operations) and a display unit for displaying the current operating status.
[0046]. The voltage and current information are acquired from voltage and current sensors respectively and the data are filtered. A DC offset is added using Op Amp circuit so that this information can be passed to the controller analog pins from which the electrical parameters like RMS voltage, RMS current, Active Power, Reactive Power, Apparent Power, Power Factor, and Frequency can be computed. The mathematical equations used to carry out the computation of power consumption and power quality parameters are as follows:
[0047]. RMS value measurement:
[0048]. Considering the analog signal measured from the voltage and current sensors with DC offset, the RMS value is measured by measuring the peak of the AC signal. Wherein, a sample of 5 cycles (100 Hz) is taken and the minimum and maximum points of the signal is identified, which gives the information of peak-to-peak value of the voltage/current under measurement. This magnitude is used to compute peak value as given in equation (1).
Max value - Min value peak value = 2 (1)
[0049]. Therefore, the RMS value is computed as in equation (2).
Peak value RMS value = (2)
[0050]. Power Factor Measurement:
[0051]. The power factor of the voltage and current is measured by measuring the phase difference between the voltage and current values. The zero crossing detector is implemented in the controller program which is used to identify the zero crossing of both voltage and current signals and a pulse is generated for the duration of phase shift. This pulse width information is used to calculate phase shift in degrees as given in equation (3).
Phase Shift (0) = 2 * II * 50 * Time of Pulse Width (3)
[0052]. Therefore, the power factor can be computed as the cosine of the phase shift as given in the equation (4) wherein, multiplication factor 57.29 is a degree to radian conversion.
PowerFactor (PF) = cos (phase shift * 57.29) (4)
[0053]. Active, Reactive and Apparent Power Measurement:
[0054]. The active power (P), reactive power (Q) and apparent power (S) is computed as in equations (5), (6) and (7).
P= VRMS * RMS * cos (0) in (W) (5) Q = VRMS * IRMS * Sin (0) in (VAr) (6)
S= P2 Q2 in (VA) (7)
[0055]. Frequency Measurement:
[0056]. The frequency of the AC voltage is computed by measuring the zero crossing instincts for the 1 seconds. i.e., a zero-crossing register is programmed to continuously increment the counter at every zero-crossing detection on the AC voltage. This information is used to compute the frequency as given in equation (8).
ZCD Counter value for 1 sec Frequency(f)= 2(8)
[0057]. The controller unit (Arduino uno as a controller), a communication circuit (ESP 8266 NODE MCU), are connected with SPI protocol for data exchange. The relay module is connected in Normal Close (NC) configuration so that even in the case of non-operating conditions of the smart node, there will be a closed connection for manual operation. Figure 3 presents the developed prototype of the smart node and its different operating modes.
[0058]. Control Method:
[0059]. The overall control method of the smart node is given in figure 4. It performs monitoring, control and protection functions wherein, initially it measures the voltage and current information from the sensors and computes the power consumption and power quality parameters (Vrms, Irms, PF, P, Q, S and f). Then it checks for the Internet and server connection. If the server connection is successfully established, then the controller is operated in server connected mode and if the server connection is not established then the controller is operated in local control mode.
[0060]. Server Connected Mode:
[0061]. In this mode, the controller performs remote controlling, continuous monitoring and protection functions. The controller continuously updates the power consumption and power quality parameters to the server database by HTTP POST request and receives the controlling command by HTTP GET request based on which the connected device/apparatus is turned ON or OFF. In the case of source voltage exceeding the limits of less than 0.8 per unit (PU) / greater than 1.1 PU, an under voltage / over voltage scenario is detected and the supply to the connected device/apparatus is stopped. When the voltage magnitude recovers back to the normal range, the supply is reconnected automatically. Similarly, if the connected device/apparatus tries to draw more current than the threshold value, the controller identifies this scenario as over loading condition and stops the supply as well as controller for protection purpose. The controller can be restarted by resetting the algorithm from reset pin and by removing the over load.
[0062]. Local Control Mode:
[0063]. When the server connection is not established, the controller operates in the local control mode wherein, it performs local controlling and protection functions. The connection to the supply is always ON irrespective of the status in the server and controller operates the protection feature as given in the server connected mode. The detailed operation flow is presented in the figure 4. Once the Internet / server connection is established, the controller intelligently shifts back to server control mode and performs controlling, monitoring and protection functions.
[0064]. Case Study:
[0065]. The disclosed smart node and its control method is tested under various dynamic operating conditions for validating its dynamic operation. A prototype of the smart node with 250 W (230 V, 1.08 A) rating is developed and the system considered for testing is as shown in figure 5.
[0066]. Remote Controlling:
[0067]. Under this condition, the controlling feature of the smart switch is tested wherein, an API testing tool is used to send a ON command to the server through HTTP PUT request. Once the command is executed, the server updated its status of controlling to ON and this information is sent to the smart node through HTTP GET request and the apparatus is turned ON whose results are shown in figure 6. Wherein, figure 6 (a) presents the log of the request sent to the server with time stamp and the information is passed to the smart node can be observed in the event log as shown in figure 6 (b). The smart node in turn turned ON the supply to the connected apparatus which can be observed from the DSO results as shown in figure 6 (c).
[0068]. Remote Monitoring:
[0069]. Under this condition, the smart node's data monitoring feature is tested. Here, the power consumption and power quality parameters i.e., RMS voltage, RMS current, PF, P, Q, S and f information is sent to the server continuously for 30 minutes with different operating conditions like remote turn ON, remote turn OFF and under voltage scenario. Figure 7 presents the monitored results from the server under this test condition. From figure 7 it is evident that the smart node was able to perform the continuous monitoring function of the electrical parameters and was able to update those measured data to the server reliably.
[0070]. Under Voltage Event:
[0071]. Under this event, the smart node is tested for its under-voltage protection feature wherein, the smart node is subjected to a reduced input voltage level. Here, the supply voltage is reduced to 160 V by using an auto transformer connected across the input supply. The smart node identified this condition and turned OFF the supply to the connected load which can be observed from the experimental results shown in figure 8. Similarly, when the supply is brought back to 230 V, the smart node dynamically restored the supply to the connected load as shown in figure 9 validating the dynamic operation and under voltage protection features of the smart node.
[0072]. Over Voltage event:
[0073]. Under this event, the smart node is subjected to an increased input voltage condition wherein, the supply voltage is increased to 250 V by using an auto transformer. The smart node identified this condition and turned OFF the supply to the connected load which can be observed from the experimental results shown in figure 10. Similarly, when the supply is brought back to 230 V, the smart node dynamically restored the supply to the connected load which can be observed from figure 11. Hence validating the dynamic operation and over voltage protection feature of the smart node.
[0074]. Over loading event:
[0075]. An Overloading loading event is created by connecting an extra load or apparatus to the smart node terminals. Under this condition, the connected load tries to draw the current more than the threshold value i.e., 1 A. Hence the controller identified this condition and turned OFF the supply which can be observed from the results as shown in figure 12. Wherein, initially the current drawn from the connected device is within the limits of the overloading threshold. Hence the controller operates in normal operating condition. Once an extra load is added to the smart node the cumulative current drawn has increased the threshold limits and hence the controller stopped the supply indicating overloading event.
[0076]. Loss of Internet Connection and Reconnection:
[0077]. Under this test, the dynamic mode transferring capability of the smart node is tested. Here, the Wi-Fi router is intentionally turned OFF so that, the smart node cannot be able to connect to the server. As the smart node can be able to connect to the server, the control method shifts from server connected mode to local connected mode which can be observed from figure 13. Similarly, when Router is turn back to ON state, the smart mode reconnected to server and resumed its operation in server connected mode which can be observed from figure 14. Hence from figure 13 and 14 it is evident that the invented smart load was able to intelligently identify the operating conditions and operate accordingly.
[0078]. The figures and the foregoing description give examples of embodiments. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that one or more of the described elements may well be combined into a single functional element. Alternatively, certain elements may be split into multiple functional elements. Elements from one embodiment may be added to another embodiment.
[0079]. For example, order of processes described herein may be changed and are not limited to the manner described herein. Moreover, the actions of any block diagram need not be implemented in the order shown; nor do all of the acts need to be necessarily performed. Also, those acts that are not dependent on other acts may be performed in parallel with the other acts. The scope of embodiments is by no means limited by these specific examples.
[0080]. Although implementations of the invention have been described in a language specific to structural features and/or methods, it is to be understood that the appended claims are not necessarily limited to the specific features or methods described. Rather, the specific features and methods are disclosed as examples of implementations of the invention.

Claims (4)

CLAIMS I/We claim:
1.An smart electrical node comprising: a supply connecting terminal, an electrical load connecting terminal, a controller unit, a communication circuit, a sensing and processing circuit, a relay circuit and a display unit; a supply connecting terminal configured to be coupled to electrical supply to receive a hot line, a neutral line and a ground line; an electrical load connecting terminal configured to be coupled to an electrical load for providing electrical supply through the hot line, the neutral line and the ground line; a relay circuit coupled to be in series between the supply connecting terminal and the electrical load connecting terminal configured to connect or disconnect the hot line to the electrical load connecting terminal; a controller unit coupled with a communication circuit, a relay circuit, a sensing and processing circuit configured to calculate, receive, send and generate the control signals; a communication circuit coupled wirelessly to a cloud storage configured to receive and save information to and from the cloud storage; a sensing and processing circuit coupled with the controller unit and to the hot line and the neutral line between the supply connecting terminal and the electrical load connecting terminal configured to measure the electrical parameters of the connected electrical load; the controller unit continuously receive the electrical parameters from the sensing and processing circuit and calculate a condition to operate, based on determining the condition to operate send at least one 1 message to the relay circuit comprising an indication to activate or deactivate the connection; The communication circuit continuously receives data from the controller unit and based on determining active wireless Internet channel, continuously sends the data to the cloud storage. The communication circuit may receive a commanding signal from the user through the cloud storage and sends the commanding signal to controller unit, based on determining the state of the commanding signal, controller unit sends at least one two messages to the relay circuit comprising an indication to activate or deactivate the connection.
2.The controller unit claimed in claim 1, receives the electrical parameters from the sensing and processing circuit and calculates power quality parameters as RMS voltage, RMS current, active power, reactive power, apparent power, load power factor and supply frequency, and calculate the condition to operate; wherein the condition to operate is calculated from the received current and voltage values from the sensing and processing circuit, if the current value is greater than the threshold 3 (306) the controller unit generates the indicative message to deactivate the relay circuit, or if the current value is less than threshold 3 (306) and Voltage value is greater than a threshold 1 (304) or lesser than threshold 2 (304) the controller unit generate the indicative message to deactivate the relay circuit, or if the current value is less than threshold 3 and Voltage value is less than a threshold 1 (304) and greater than threshold 2 (304) the controller unit generates the indicative message to activate the relay circuit, based on determining the condition to operate controller unit generate and send the indicative message to the relay circuit to connect or disconnect supply power to electrical load.
3.The controller unit claimed in claim 1, may perform function in a server mode or a local control mode at a time, wherein activation of the server mode or the local control mode is controlled by a mode activation message generated by controller unit, wherein the mode activation message generated by the controller unit is based on determining the connectivity of an active wireless internet channel, the communication unit is coupled to the cloud storage through the active wireless internet channel when the controller unit's function in the server mode is based on the activation message, the communication unit is decoupled with the cloud storage when the controller unit functions in the local control mode based on activation message.
4.The server mode as claimed in claim 3, wherein at the active state of the server mode, controller unit continuously sends the data to the cloud storage, through the communication circuit and the active wireless Internet channel, wherein the data comprises the power consumption of the load and the power quality parameters, moreover the controller unit may receive a commanding message from the user through the cloud storage, wherein the commanding message controls the activation or deactivation of the relay circuit to connect or disconnect supply power to electrical load; The local control mode as claimed in claim 4, wherein at the active state of the local control mode, controller unit continuously monitor's the power consumption of the load and the power quality parameters, and calculate the indicative message and send the indicative message to the relay circuit to connect or disconnect supply power to electrical load.
Figure 1 Drawings
FIGURE 2:
:
24 FIGURE 3:
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 7 FIGURE 6
FIGURE 8
FIGURE 9
FIGURE 10
FIGURE 11:
FIGURE 12
FIGURE 13
FIGURE 14
AU2021107361A 2021-08-25 2021-08-25 Smart electrical node and its control method Ceased AU2021107361A4 (en)

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