AU2021100109A4

AU2021100109A4 - A single-layer double arm ‘chang zi’ shaped grape shaping method

Info

Publication number: AU2021100109A4
Application number: AU2021100109A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Shenglin Deng; Yulin FANG; Guoshan Hou; Tingting MA; Xiangyu SUN; Yujie Sun
Original assignee: Northwest A&F University
Current assignee: Northwest A&F University
Priority date: 2021-01-08
Filing date: 2021-01-08
Publication date: 2021-04-08
Anticipated expiration: 2029-01-08

Abstract

In order to solve the problems in other planting methods such as: Cumbersome cold protection measures such as burying and removing grapes from trellis in winter, difficulty in mechanized operation, or simple cold protection measures but low yield, the invention provides a single layer double arm 'F' shaped grape shaping method, which is suitable for cold protection measures like burying, mechanized operation, and provides a planting method with simple operation, high mechanization degree and high yield for the development of grapes and wine industry. -1/2 Fig1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3

Description

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A single-layer double arm 'chang zi' shaped grape shaping method

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention relate to the technical field of grape cultivation, in particular to a single

layer double arm 'F' shaped grape shaping method.

BACKGROUND

Grapes is one of the important cultivated fruit trees in China. According to the statistics

of the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV), as of 2017, the total area of

grapes cultivation in China is about 870 thousand hectares, accounting for 11% of the

total area in the world, second only to Spain, ranking second in the world. The annual

output of grapes is 13.7 million tons, ranking first in the world, of which 11% is used to

make wine. In recent years, China is in a period of rapid growth of wine consumption,

and the annual consumption keeps rising. In 2017, the domestic wine consumption was

1,790 million liters in China, ranking fifth in the world.

Most of the grapes planted in northern China are European species, and their eyes can

only endure low temperature from 16°C to -18°C in winter, and their roots have low

cold resistance, which usually causes freezing damage when the soil temperature reaches

-7°C. Especially, more than 90% of wine grapes in China need to be buried for cold

protection, so 'buried for cold protection' has always been a major problem restricting the

development of grapes and wine industry in China.

Due to the influence that grapes must be removed from trellis and buried in winter, the

planting mode should first take the problem of burying into consideration. In the past, non-main stem shaping (multi-main stem sector, 'V' and 'U' shape) and 'Longgan' shape were mostly used in production. However, most of the planting patterns in each planting area are directly copied from the planting patterns in no burying or cold-proof needed areas: The requirement of pruning technology is high and the scheme is cumbersome. It needs to be removed from trellis before burying, which is not conducive to mechanized operation. Fruiting parts were irregular and the maturity was different.

SUMMARY

Accordingly, In order to solve the problems in other planting methods such as:

Cumbersome cold protection measures such as burying and removing grapes from trellis

in winter, difficulty in mechanized operation, or simple cold protection measures but low

yield, the invention provides a single-layer double arm 'F' shaped grape shaping

method, which is suitable for cold protection measures like burying, mechanized

operation, and provides a planting method with simple operation, high mechanization

degree and high yield for the development of grapes and wine industry.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1. The invention is convenient for burying and removing grapes from trellis in winter for

cold protection, and is beneficial to the mechanized operation of burying in winter and

unearth in spring in cold areas.

2. The fruiting branches are evenly distributed on both arms, which is beneficial to

increase the yield.

3. The leaf curtain of grapes in the invention inclines to two sides in a 'V' shape, which

can enhance ventilation and reduce the incidence of downy mildew infection.

4. The invention has the advantages of simple pruning, fast forming and low manual

technical requirements, and reduces the labor intensity and the harm of pests and diseases

in summer pruning and vineyard management.

5. The grapes of the invention are consistent in fruiting position, have similar maturity,

which is beneficial to improving the quality of grapes and realizing the sustainable

production of grapes.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of main stem management method in the first year.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the formation of the double arms in the first year.

Fig. 3 is an overall schematic diagram of the shape of the grape tree.

Fig. 4 is a diagram of the trellis.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the winter pruning method.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In order to make the objective, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention

clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the

figures and embodiment. It should be understood that the specific embodiment described

herein are only used to explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present

invention.

Embodiment:

1. In the first year, as shown in Fig. 1, the planting distance is 1-1.2m and the row spacing

is 2.5-3.5m. When the main stem grows to a height of 70-80cm, it is bound to the first set

of iron wire on one side at 60cm, so that the main stem inclines at an angle of 60 degrees

with the ground. During the growth process, the terminal buds are kept, all branches

below the first set of iron wire are cut off, and the main stem is pinched when it grows to

about 160cm, and the buds on the main stem are kept to develop into new shoots, leaving

one fruiting branch every 15cm or so to form the first 'arm' (main stem).

At the same time, as shown in Fig. 2, select a robust new shoot near the junction of the

horizontal main stem and the first set of iron wire, bind it horizontally to the

corresponding first iron wire on the other side, pinching when it grows to 100cm, keep

the bud on this horizontally bound new shoot, and make it develop into a new shoot,

leaving one fruiting branch every 15cm or so to form the second 'arm' (main stem).

2. After the first year (until the tree dies):

As shown in Fig. 3, the new shoots from eyes on both arms are inclined to both sides and

bound to the second and third set of iron wire, and the distance between the new shoots is

about 15cm, so that they are evenly distributed on the trellis surface.

The trellis used: As shown in Fig. 4, the height of the trellis column is 2m, including

0.5m underground and 1.5m above the ground. Three sets of iron wire are used, and each

set of iron wire includes two parallel wires. The first set of iron wire is 50cm away from

the ground and the two iron wires are 50cm apart. The second set of wire is 45cm above

the first wire, and the two wires are 70cm apart. The third set of wire is 45cm above the

second set of wire, and the two wires are 100cm apart.

3. Late stage management: During spring pruning, all branches below 60cm of the main

stem are cut off, and a strong new shoot growing upward is kept on both arms every

cm, so that it is evenly distributed on the trellis surface. During winter pruning, as

shown in Fig. 5, the fruiting branch group is operated with short pruning and keep 2-3

buds.

For vineyards that adopted this grape tree shape, due to the amount of fruiting branches is

relatively large and the whole tree body is relatively big, so it is necessary to increase the

fertilization amount appropriately. Reasonable management of leaf curtain layer, make

the tree keep good ventilation and light transmission conditions.

In summary, the above content is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention,

and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

THE CLAIMS DEFINING THE INVENTION ARE AS FOLLOWS

1. A single-layer double arm 'F' shaped grape shaping method, which is characterized

by comprising two branch arm main stems, a trellis surface and short shoot pruning. The

trellis surface is 1.40 meters high and 1 meter wide. The short shoot pruning is to leave 2

3 buds in winter.

2. A single-layer double arm 'F' shaped grape shaping method according to claim 1,

which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) In the first year: The planting distance is 1-1.2m and the row spacing is 2.5-3.5m.

When the main stem grows to a height of 70-80cm, it is bound to the first set of iron wire

on one side at a height of 60cm, so that the main stem inclines at an angle of 60 degrees

one fruiting branch every 15cm to form the first 'arm'.

At the same time, select a robust new shoot near the junction of the horizontal main stem

and the first set of iron wire, bind it horizontally to the corresponding first iron wire on

the other side, pinching when it grows to 100cm, keep the bud on this horizontally bound

new shoot, and make it develop into a new shoot, leaving one fruiting branch every 15cm

or so to form the second 'arm'.

(2) After the first year: The new shoots from the eyes on both arms are inclined to both

sides and bound to the second and third set of iron wire, the distance between new shoots

is about 15 cm, make them evenly distributed on the trellis surface.

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(3) The trellis used: the height of the trellis column is 2m, including 0.5m underground

and 1.5m above the ground. Three sets of iron wire are used, and each set of iron wire

includes two parallel wires. The first set of iron wire is 50cm away from the ground and

the two iron wires are 50cm apart. The second set of wire is 45cm above the first wire,

and the two wires are 70cm apart. The third set of wire is 45cm above the second set of

wire, and the two wires are 100cm apart.

(4) Later stage management:

During spring pruning, all branches below 60cm of the main stem are cut off, and a

strong new shoot growing upward is kept on both arms every 15cm, so that it is evenly

distributed on the trellis surface. During winter pruning, the fruiting branch group is

operated with short pruning and keep 2-3 buds.

EDITORIAL NOTE 08 Jan 2021

2021100109

THERE ARE TWO PAGES OF DRAWINGS ONLY

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