AU2020286274B2 - Aquifer connection method for inner dump in open-pit mine - Google Patents

Aquifer connection method for inner dump in open-pit mine Download PDF

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AU2020286274B2
AU2020286274B2 AU2020286274A AU2020286274A AU2020286274B2 AU 2020286274 B2 AU2020286274 B2 AU 2020286274B2 AU 2020286274 A AU2020286274 A AU 2020286274A AU 2020286274 A AU2020286274 A AU 2020286274A AU 2020286274 B2 AU2020286274 B2 AU 2020286274B2
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aquifer
artificial
aquiclude
original
dump
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AU2020286274A1 (en
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Shuzhao CHEN
Liu HAN
Chaogang Pan
Tao SHANG
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02DFOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is an aquifer connection method for an inner dump in an open-pit mine, including the following processes: sealing an original aquifer, rebuilding an artificial aquiclude, rebuilding an artificial aquifer, dredging the aquifer, and artificial water supply. In the present invention, the original aquifer is sealed by using a degradable plastic, reducing the loss of the water resource and guaranteeing the pit safety. Raw materials for construction of the artificial aquiclude come from the mine, reducing construction difficulty and cost, and ensuring a water barrier effect. The aquifer heaves up in the middle, so that the aquifer is prevented from subsidence or even blockage when natural settlement of the inner dump causes compaction of the aquifer. The artificial aquifer is arranged in strips, and a water retaining wall is built to reduce the impact of an internal water pressure on the stability of the inner dump, thus facilitating subsequent artificial water supply in different regions and preventing the water from flowing into the pit. The manner of artificial water supply accelerates connection between the artificial aquifer in the inner dump and the original aquifer, ensuring groundwater circulation within the mine. Further, mine drainage can be utilized, reducing its waste. 4 5 12 13 2- 10 12 4-1 4-2 5 j ll FIG.6

Description

4 5 12 13
2-
j ll 5 4-2 4-1 12 10
FIG.6
AQUIFER CONNECTION METHOD FOR INNER DUMP IN OPEN-PIT MINE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Field of the Invention
The present invention belongs to the field of coal mining and relates to an aquifer connection method in coal mining, and in particular, to an aquifer connection method for an inner dump in an open-pit mine.
Description of Related Art
Open-pit mining is a mining technique of stripping away the upper covering and directly mining the underlying coal resources. In order to reduce the occupation of surface land by the accumulation of stripped materials during open-pit mining, the stripped materials are usually discharged to the goaf. Such a dumping manner is called inner dumping, and a formed dump is known as an inner dump.
During mining in an open-pit mine, direct excavation of the soil (rock) layer destroys a shallow aquifer and aquiclude, and relatively large-depth mining of the open-pit mine is likely to cause serious damage to a deep aquifer and aquiclude. Direct exposure of the aquifer from the end slope causes a large amount of water to flow directly into the open pit, wasting the water resource and further threatening the safety of the pit. At the initial stage after formation of the inner dump, because the soil layer in the dump is not compacted, groundwater beyond the area of the open-pit mine may enter the inner dump through the aquifer. Because there is no aquiclude for guidance and protection, the water resource flows irregularly in the dump and generally infiltrates into layers with relatively large cracks. Long-term erosion seriously affects the stability of the dump, and is not conducive to safe production. As the soil layer in the dump is gradually compacted subsequently, the aquifer outcrop originally located in the end slope is thoroughly blocked, and the groundwater beyond the mine area cannot enter the dump any more. This situation causes, on one hand, a lack of moisture inside the dump of the open-pit mine, affecting the growth of vegetation and failing to meet the requirements of reclamation; and on the other hand, disables the connection of groundwater within the mine area (a large open-pit mine can cover hundreds of square kilometers) due to the obstruction by the inner dump, seriously affecting the water circulation within the mine area.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Technical Problem
In view of the foregoing problems in the prior art, the present invention aims to provide an aquifer connection method for an inner dump in an open-pit mine, so as to solve the problem of water waste in the open-pit mine and improve the stability of the inner dump of the open-pit mine, thus improving the safety of mining production.
Technical Solution
To achieve the foregoing objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
An aquifer connection method for an inner dump in an open-pit mine includes the following five processes: sealing an original aquifer, rebuilding an artificial aquiclude, rebuilding an artificial aquifer, dredging the aquifer, and artificial water supply, where specific steps are as follows:
1) the sealing an original aquifer mainly including the following steps:
Si: during initial excavation of an open-pit mine, a bench of an end slope first extending from a surface layer to the aquifer, resulting in complete exposure of the shallow original aquifer; levelling a slope angle of a bench where an aquifer outcrop is located and lowering the slope angle by 3° to 5; and
S2: as a stripping process advances, laying a degradable plastic cloth and conduits on the zO slope of the bench the aquifer outcrop is located, where the bottom of the degradable plastic cloth goes 1-2m into a bench below the aquifer, and the top thereof extends upwards to the slop of a bench above the aquifer at 2-3m; and one conduit is placed every 3-5m, and each conduit is provided with dense pores at the side close to the degradable plastic cloth; and overlaying the plastic cloth on the bench with a covering of 3m to 10m in width, where a stacking sequence of the covering is the same as that in the original formation;
2) the rebuilding an artificial aquiclude including construction and splicing of the artificial aquiclude, which is specifically as follows:
Sl: with the mining advancement of the open-pit mine, conducting dumping into the goaf located below the level of the lower surface of the original aquiclude in a normal operation manner of the open-pit mine, to form an inner dump; stopping dumping when the uppermost surface of the inner dump approaches the horizontal plane of the lower surface of the original aquiclude in the end slope of the open-pit mine at 3-5m; selecting clay as waste to continue dumping on the upper surface of the dump, performing a mechanical compaction operation each time dumping to a height of 1-2m is completed, and stopping the operation when the clay discharge height is 1-3m above the level of the original aquiclude, to form the artificial aquiclude; and
S2: when rebuilding of the artificial aquiclude is conducted within a range of 3-5m near the end slope, lowering a slope angle of a bench of the end slope where an outcrop of the original aquiclude is located to 250 to 30°; eliminating benches within a range of 3-5m above and below the outcrop of the original aquiclude, to form an aquiclude splicing region together with the slop the outcrop of the original aquiclude is located; discharging the clay to the splicing region to a height 1-3m above the upper surface of the original aquiclude; and conducting compaction by using a mechanical apparatus, so that the artificial aquiclude and the already excavated original aquiclude are spliced at the joint;
3) the rebuilding an artificial aquifer including construction of a single aquifer and a water retaining wall, which specifically includes the following steps:
Si: discharging high-porosity materials above the artificial aquiclude, to form a single aquifer joined to the original aquifer, where the single aquifer is 2-3m higher than the original aquifer in thickness and assumes a shape high in the middle and low on both sides near the end slope;
S2: in an advancement direction of the inner dump in the open-pit mine, constructing a water retaining wall connecting the end slopes at two sides every 30m in the single aquifer, where the water retaining wall is joined to the aquiclude at the bottom, and is 1-3m lower than the artificial aquifer in height, and has a width of 3-5m; and
S3: with the advancement of the dump, cyclically constructing the single aquifer and the water retaining wall in turn, to form the artificial aquifer connecting the aquifers in the end slopes at the two sides;
4) the dredging the aquifer including: after formation of the artificial aquiclude and the artificial aquifer in the inner dump with the advancement of inner dumping, injecting a catalyst into the conduits to degrade the degradable plastic cloth, so that the original aquifer and the artificial aquifer in the inner dump are connected, thus restoring the original hydraulic connection of the mine; and
5) the artificial water supply including: boring downwards from the top flat plate of the inner dump to the artificial aquifer after discharged wastes in the dump reach a design height, arranging a borehole every 200m in each single aquifer, and pouring in mine drainage after treatment, to realize artificial supplement of a water resource to the aquifer in the dump, thus accelerating water flow connection between the artificial aquifer and the original aquifer.
Further, an advance ditch is excavated within a range of 30m to 50m in the two end slopes of a working slope in a normal advancement direction of the open-pit mine, which is 50-100m ahead of the top line of the uppermost bench slope of the open-pit mine, to implement advance sealing of the original aquifer.
Advantageous Effect
Compared to the prior art, the present invention has the following advantageous effects: The original aquifer is sealed by using a degradable plastic, effectively reducing the exposure time and area of the original aquifer from the end slope, reducing the loss of the water resource, guaranteeing the pit safety, and creating conditions for subsequent aquifer connection. Raw materials for construction of the artificial aquiclude come from the mine, and a construction manner is similar to a normal dumping process, reducing construction difficulty and cost. The aquiclude splicing region ensures the connection between the artificial aquiclude and the original aquiclude, ensuring a water barrier effect. The artificial aquiclude is greater than the original aquiclude in thickness, avoiding thickness reduction of the artificial aquiclude due to settlement of the inner dump and ensuring a water barrier effect. The aquifer heaves up in the middle, so that the aquifer is prevented from subsidence or even blockage when natural settlement of the inner dump causes compaction of the aquifer. The artificial aquifer is arranged in strips, and a water retaining wall is built to reduce the impact of an internal water pressure on the stability of the inner dump, thus facilitating subsequent artificial water supply in different regions and preventing the water from flowing into the pit. The manner of artificial water supply accelerates connection between the artificial aquifer in the inner dump and the original aquifer, ensuring groundwater circulation within the mine. Further, mine drainage can be utilized, reducing its waste.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of sealing an original aquifer;
FIG. 2 is a partial enlarged diagram of the schematic diagram of sealing the original aquifer;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of arrangement of an advance ditch;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of rebuilding an artificial aquiclude;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of rebuilding an artificial aquifer; and
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of artificial water supply.
Meanings of numerals:
1. Surface layer; 2. Original aquifer; 3. Original aquiclude; 4. Artificial aquifer; 4.1. Single artificial aquifer; 4.2. Water retaining wall; 5. Artificial aquiclude; 6. Degradable plastic cloth; 7. Conduit; 8. Covering; 9. Aquiclude splicing region; 10. Borehole; 11. Advance ditch; 12. Inner dump; and 13. End slope
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, an aquifer connection method for an inner dump in an open-pit mine is provided, which includes the following five processes: sealing an original aquifer 2, rebuilding an artificial aquiclude 5, rebuilding an artificial aquifer 4, dredging the aquifer, and artificial water supply. Specific steps are as follows:
1) The sealing an original aquifer 2 mainly includes the following steps:
Sl: during initial excavation of an open-pit mine, a bench of an end slope 13 first extending from a surface layer 1 to the aquifer, resulting in complete exposure of the shallow original aquifer 2; levelling a slope angle of a bench where an aquifer outcrop is located and lowering the slope angle by 3° to 5; and
S2: as a stripping process advances, laying a degradable plastic cloth 6 and conduits 7 on the slope of the bench the aquifer outcrop is located, where the bottom of the degradable plastic cloth 6 goes 1-2m into a bench below the aquifer, and the top thereof extends upwards to the slop of a bench above the aquifer at 2-3m; and one conduit 7 is placed every 3-5m, and each conduit 7 is provided with dense pores at the side close to the degradable plastic cloth 6; and overlaying the plastic cloth on the bench with a covering 8 of 3m to 10m in width, where a stacking sequence of the covering 8 is the same as that in the original formation.
2) The rebuilding an artificial aquiclude 5 includes construction and splicing of the artificial aquiclude 5, which is specifically as follows:
Si: with the mining advancement of the open-pit mine, conducting dumping into the goaf located below the level of the lower surface of the original aquiclude 3 in a normal operation manner of the open-pit mine, to form an inner dump 12; stopping dumping when the uppermost surface of the inner dump 12 approaches the horizontal plane of the lower surface of the original aquiclude 3 in the end slope 13 of the open-pit mine at 3-5m; selecting clay as waste to continue dumping on the upper surface of the dump, performing a mechanical compaction operation each time dumping to a height of 1-2m is completed, and stopping the operation when the clay discharge height is 1-3m above the level of the original aquiclude 3, to form the artificial aquiclude 5; and
S2: when rebuilding of the artificial aquiclude 5 is conducted within a range of 3-5m near the end slope 13, lowering a slope angle of a bench of the end slope 13 where an outcrop of the original aquiclude 3 is located to 25° to 30; eliminating benches within a range of 3-5m above and below the outcrop of the original aquiclude 3, to form an aquiclude splicing region 9 together with the slop the outcrop of the original aquiclude 3 is located; discharging the clay to the splicing region to a height 1-3m above the upper surface of the original aquiclude 3; and conducting compaction by using a mechanical apparatus, so that the artificial aquiclude 5 and the already excavated original aquiclude 3 are spliced at the joint.
3) The rebuilding an artificial aquifer 4 includes construction of a single aquifer 4.1 and a water retaining wall 4.2, which specifically includes the following steps:
Si: discharging high-porosity materials above the artificial aquiclude 5, to form a single aquifer 4.1 joined to the original aquifer 2, where the single aquifer 4.1 is 2-3m higher than the original aquifer in thickness and assumes a shape high in the middle and low on both sides near the end slope 13;
S2: in an advancement direction of the inner dump 12 in the open-pit mine, constructing a water retaining wall 4.2 connecting the end slopes 13 at two sides every 30m in the single aquifer 4.1, where the water retaining wall 4.2 is joined to the aquiclude at the bottom, and is 1-3m lower than the artificial aquifer 4 in height, and has a width of 3-5m; and
S3: with the advancement of the dump, cyclically constructing the single aquifer 4.1 and the water retaining wall 4.2 in turn, to form the artificial aquifer 4 connecting the aquifers in the end slopes 13 at the two sides.
4) The dredging the aquifer includes: after formation of the artificial aquiclude 5 and the artificial aquifer 4 in the inner dump 12 with the advancement of inner dumping, injecting a catalyst into the conduits 7 to degrade the degradable plastic cloth 6, so that the original aquifer 2 and the artificial aquifer 4 in the inner dump 12 are connected, thus restoring the original hydraulic connection of the mine.
5) The artificial water supply includes: boring downwards from the top flat plate of the inner dump 12 to the artificial aquifer 4 after discharged wastes in the dump reach a design height, arranging a borehole 10 every 200m in each single aquifer, and pouring in mine drainage after treatment, to realize artificial supplement of a water resource to the aquifer in the dump, thus accelerating water flow connection between the artificial aquifer 4 and the original aquifer 2.
Further, in order to avoid excessive loss of the water resource in the shallow aquifer in the end slops 13 at the two sides through an outcrop of a working slope, an advance ditch 11 is excavated within a range of 30m to 50m in the two end slopes 13 of the working slope in a normal advancement direction of the open-pit mine, which is 50-100m ahead of the top line of the uppermost bench slope of the open-pit mine, to implement advance sealing of the original aquifer 2. Preferably, the advance ditch 11 is excavated within 30m in the two end slopes 13 of the working slope in a normal advancement direction of the open-pit mine, which is 50m ahead of the top line of the uppermost bench slope of the open-pit mine, to implement advance sealing of the original aquifer 2, thus avoiding a failure to dig for the water resource due to excessive excavation and improving the mining efficiency.
It will be understood that the term "comprise" and any of its derivatives (eg comprises, comprising) as used in this specification is to be taken to be inclusive of features to which it refers, and is not meant to exclude the presence of any additional features unless otherwise stated or implied.
The reference to any prior art in this specification is not, and should not be taken as, an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that such prior art forms part of the common general knowledge.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention is not restricted in its use to the particular application described. Neither is the present invention restricted in its preferred embodiment with regard to the particular elements and/or features described or depicted herein. It will be appreciated that various modifications can be made without departing from the principles of the invention. Therefore, the invention should be understood to include all such modifications in its scope.

Claims (4)

CLAIMS What is claimed is:
1. An aquifer connection method for an inner dump in an open-pit mine, comprising the
following five processes: sealing an original aquifer (2), rebuilding an artificial aquiclude (5),
rebuilding an artificial aquifer (4), dredging the aquifer, and artificial water supply, wherein
specific steps are as follows:
1) the sealing an original aquifer (2) mainly comprising the following steps:
Si: during initial excavation of an open-pit mine, a bench of an end slope (13) first extending
from a surface layer (1) to the aquifer, resulting in complete exposure of the shallow original
aquifer (2); levelling a slope angle of a bench where an aquifer outcrop is located and
lowering the slope angle by 3° to 5; and
S2: as a stripping process advances, laying a degradable plastic cloth (6) and conduits (7) on
the slope of the bench the aquifer outcrop is located, wherein the bottom of the degradable
plastic cloth (6) goes 1-2m into a bench below the aquifer, and the top thereof extends
upwards to the slop of a bench above the aquifer at 2-3m; and one conduit (7) is placed every
3-5m, and each conduit (7) is provided with dense pores at the side close to the degradable
plastic cloth (6); and overlaying the plastic cloth on the bench with a covering (8) of 3m to
m in width, wherein a stacking sequence of the covering (8) is the same as that in the
original formation;
2) the rebuilding an artificial aquiclude (5) comprising construction and splicing of the
artificial aquiclude (5), which is specifically as follows:
Sl: with the mining advancement of the open-pit mine, conducting dumping into the goaf
located below the level of the lower surface of the original aquiclude (3) in a normal operation
manner of the open-pit mine, to form an inner dump (12); stopping dumping when the
uppermost surface of the inner dump (12) approaches the horizontal plane of the lower
surface of the original aquiclude (3) at the end slope (13) of the open-pit mine at 3-5m;
selecting clay as waste to continue dumping on the upper surface of the dump, performing a
mechanical compaction operation each time dumping to a height of 1-2m is completed, and stopping the operation when the clay discharge height is 1-3m above the level of the original aquiclude (3), to form the artificial aquiclude (5); and
S2: when rebuilding of the artificial aquiclude (5) is conducted within a range of 3-5m near
the end slope (13), lowering a slope angle of a bench of the end slope (13) where an outcrop
of the original aquiclude (3) is located to 25° to 30°; eliminating benches within a range of
3-5m above and below the outcrop of the original aquiclude (3), to form an aquiclude splicing
region (9) together with the slop the outcrop of the original aquiclude (3) is located;
discharging the clay to the splicing region to a height 1-3m above the upper surface of the
original aquiclude (3); and conducting compaction by using a mechanical apparatus, so that
the artificial aquiclude (5) and the already excavated original aquiclude (3) are spliced at the
joint;
3) the rebuilding an artificial aquifer (4) comprising construction of a single aquifer (4.1) and
a water retaining wall (4.2), which specifically comprises the following steps:
Si: discharging high-porosity materials above the artificial aquiclude (5), to form a single
aquifer (4.1) joined to the original aquifer (2), wherein the single aquifer (4.1) is 2-3m higher
than the original aquifer in thickness and assumes a shape high in the middle and low on both
sides near the end slope (13);
S2: in an advancement direction of the inner dump (12) in the open-pit mine, constructing a
water retaining wall (4.2) connecting the end slopes (13) at two sides every 30m in the single
aquifer (4.1), wherein the water retaining wall is joined to the aquiclude at the bottom, and is
1-3m lower than the artificial aquifer (4) in height, and has a width of 3-5m; and
S3: with the advancement of the dump, cyclically constructing the single aquifer (4.1) and the
water retaining wall (4.2) in turn, to form the artificial aquifer (4) connecting the aquifers in
the end slopes (13) at the two sides;
4) the dredging the aquifer comprising: after formation of the artificial aquiclude (5) and the
artificial aquifer (4) in the inner dump (12) with the advancement of inner dumping, injecting
a catalyst into the conduits (7) to degrade the degradable plastic cloth (6), so that the original
aquifer (2) and the artificial aquifer (4) in the inner dump (12) are connected, thus restoring the original hydraulic connection of the mine; and
) the artificial water supply comprising: boring downwards from the top flat plate of the
inner dump (12) to the artificial aquifer (4) after discharged wastes in the dump reach a design
height, arranging a borehole (10) every 200m in each single aquifer, and pouring in mine
drainage after treatment, to realize artificial supplement of a water resource to the aquifer in
the dump, thus accelerating water flow connection between the artificial aquifer (4) and the
original aquifer (2).
2. The aquifer connection method for an inner dump in an open-pit mine according to claim 1,
wherein an advance ditch (11) is excavated within a range of 30m to 50m in the two end
slopes (13) of a working slope in a normal advancement direction of the open-pit mine, which
is 50-100m ahead of the top line of the uppermost bench slope of the open-pit mine, to
implement advance sealing of the original aquifer (2).
AU2020286274A 2019-12-16 2020-12-10 Aquifer connection method for inner dump in open-pit mine Active AU2020286274B2 (en)

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CN2019112917673 2019-12-16
CN201911291767.3A CN111088788B (en) 2019-12-16 2019-12-16 Method for communicating aquifers of soil dumping site in strip mine

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CN113565172B (en) * 2021-08-02 2022-04-15 中国矿业大学 Construction method of pumping and water injecting well of underground reservoir of strip mine waste dump
CN114109389B (en) * 2021-08-17 2023-12-01 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 Water-bearing layer of dumping site in strip mine and reconstruction method thereof
CN113605492A (en) * 2021-08-20 2021-11-05 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 Three-dimensional protection and utilization method for strip mine water resources
CN113832989B (en) * 2021-09-22 2023-01-24 中国矿业大学 Strip mine waste dump with water drainage and storage functions
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CN114233383B (en) * 2021-12-03 2023-09-12 国家能源投资集团有限责任公司 Construction method of water storage system of open pit coal mine
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