AU2013202053B2 - Improvements in and relating to barriers - Google Patents

Abstract

A barrier module comprises at least one rail connected to at least one elongate cross member (balusters or posts) whereby the cross member crosses the rail at an angle. Each 5 rail comprises a longitudinally extending rail-assembly including a longitudinally extending rail member such that assembly of at least one of the cross members to said rail member is effected by engaging said cross member in a complementary shaped open-mouthed rebate formed in one side of said rail member through a substantially lateral motion of said cross member through the open mouth of the rebate with which it is associated. The open mouth 10 is directed in a substantially transverse direction to the longitudinal axis of the cross member after assembly. The rail-assembly further comprises a retainer which after assembly of said cross member to said rail member, engages said rail member and interacts with said cross member to restrict removal of said cross member from within said rebate and maintain said cross member in desired juxtaposition with said rail member. & R 0 02 'TT

Description

1 BARRIER MODULE The present invention relates to an improved barrier or barrier module or to a joint between 5 a cross member and rail and method of assembly for fences and balustrades. The invention is directed particularly but not solely towards a construction system for a barrier and any other types of intersecting constructions. Background of Invention 10 Barriers comprising at least one, but more typically two or more, spaced apart substantially horizontal rails spanned by interconnecting substantially vertical cross members are well known and have been constructed using a variety of materials and techniques. One configuration which is very commonly employed is that wherein the cross members extend 15 through, or at least penetrate, hollow tubular rails; the cross members being secured to the rails by some method to prevent withdrawal or disengagement from the rails. This invention relates more particularly to this configuration. Accordingly, the rails can be first perforated, typically by drilling, to create openings which 20 substantially correspond in shape to the cross-sectional shape of the cross members, only somewhat larger in order to provide sufficient clearance for the cross members to be assembled to the rails by a process which involves sliding the cross members longitudinally through the openings. The disadvantages of this form of construction include, particularly where the cross members extend right through the rail, or where there are multiple rails for a 25 cross members to pass through, is that the process of sliding the cross members through the rails is time consuming and relatively difficult. Furthermore, the process of sliding the cross members through the openings tends to result in scratches or scuffing on the surface of the cross members which are visually undesirable; 30 this is particularly the case where the cross members have been pre-finished as is often economically preferable. Furthermore, should additional clearance be provided for in the opening size to reduce these disadvantages, this may in turn create further problems with rattling or looseness, or the appearance of a noticeable gap between the cross member and its associated opening which may be aesthetically undesirable. 35 2 Furthermore, the process of drilling necessarily limits the cross members to tubes of round cross-section, whereas cross members of square or rectangular cross section are often aesthetically preferable. Furthermore, whereas punching the openings may be preferable in some aspects to drilling; according to the prior art, in those configurations where the rails 5 are made from long hollow tubular members, it is usually necessary during manufacture to provide long mandrels supported at one end only which extend inside the length of the rail; this in itself presents a number of technical and economic problems. It should be realized that in the attempt to overcome some of these problems, one of the methods used, is to have cross members which attach to but do not pass within or penetrate the rails; however 10 this is often not aesthetically or practically desirable. Accordingly, subsequent to insertion of the cross members through the rails, one method of securing the cross members to the rails is by welding. The disadvantages of this form of securing include that relatively costly and specialized welding equipment is required. 15 Furthermore this equipment requires the provision of skilled operating personnel which may not always be convenient or economical. Furthermore, welding after assembly effectively precludes the use of rails or cross members which have been pre-finished, typically by painting or powder coating, as may be economically preferable. Furthermore, welded connections are very difficult to undo should modifications or repairs to the barrier be 20 required, either during manufacture or installation, or subsequently. Furthermore, welding generally dictates that the same metal must be used for the cross members as for the rails, whereas it may be desirable to employ dissimilar materials. Yet a further method which has been used to secure the cross members to the rails is by 25 the provision of a hollow tubular cross member which is inserted longitudinally through the rail and subsequently expanded through the use of a special tool which is inserted within the cross member, in order to lock the cross member with the rail. The disadvantages of this method include that a special tool must be provided which is relatively expensive, cumbersome, and time consuming to operate. Furthermore, a source of hydraulic or 30 pneumatic pressure is usually required, which may not be convenient. Furthermore, this method requires that at least one end of the cross member is required to be exposed to enable insertion of the special tool, and this limits the range of design variations which may be offered to the public. 35 Yet a further method which has been used to secure the cross members to the rail is through the use of rivets, screw, or the like, which pass through an outer face of the rail and 3 engage the cross members. The principal disadvantage of this method is that the heads of the rivets, screws, or like fasteners, or at least the holes which are required for their placement, are exposed to view on the final product and are aesthetically undesirable. Furthermore, the performance of final assembly usually requires the use of power-tools or 5 riveting-tools or the like, and this may not be convenient where the barrier module is being supplied unassembled in kitset form to customers who may lack these tools. This in turn restricts the ability to supply barriers in kitset form with the loss of the advantages in economy and convenience of manufacture, storage, and transport that supply in kitset form provides. 10 A further disadvantage of most of the foregoing methods is that they greatly restrict the ability after assembly to rack the barrier module, that is, to alter the angular relationship between the rails and the cross members. This is typically required to suit installation conditions. One example of this would be during the installation of fence modules over 15 sloping ground where it is desired to have the rails follow the slope of the ground, but with the cross members remaining vertical. In developing this invention, it has not been considered necessary to ensure that every barrier module is provided with racking ability, but that at least it would be available in one embodiment of this invention for use where considered appropriate. 20 Also, according to the prior art in which the cross members are assembled to the rails by a process which includes sliding the cross members longitudinally through the openings, a further method which has been used to secure the cross members to the rails is to provide indentations on, or penetrations through, the surface of each cross member prior to 25 assembly, such that during assembly these indentations or penetrations are engaged by a securing mechanism of some sort. The disadvantages of this method include that the cross members must all be accurately machine-processed prior to assembly, which is time consuming and requires costly specialized equipment. Furthermore this method requires that the spacing of the rails apart must be determined early in the manufacturing process, 30 that is, prior to processing of the cross members, and prior to final assembly; which makes it difficult to vary rail spacing to suit installation conditions or other desired modifications. It was with these problems in mind that it would be useful to have barriers such as fences and balustrades wherein: 4 (a) the cross members were not required to be slid longitudinally through the rails in order to effect assembly, but wherein after assembly the cross members nevertheless lay within the body of the assembled rail; and/or (b) it was feasible to pre-finish the rails and cross members, typically by painting or 5 powder coating, prior to assembly; and/or (c) any visible gaps between the cross members and their respective openings within the rails were minimized; and/or (d) square or rectangular cross members were able to be readily used; and/or (e) at least in some configurations, it was possible to provide an easy method of forming 10 the openings by punching without the need for long mandrels extending the length of the rail; and/or (f) a form of securing the cross members to the rails during final assembly was provided that did not involve welding or the use of specialized or costly tools; and/or (g) metals or materials could be employed for the cross members that were dissimilar to 15 those employed for the rails; and/or (h) any fasteners used to secure the cross members to the rails were substantially hidden from view after final assembly; and/or (i) at least in some configurations, it was possible to provide a method of racking the cross members in relation to the rails during installation; and/or 20 (j) it was not necessary to machine-process the cross members by any special process prior to assembly other than cutting to length; and/or (k) the form of construction suited supply in kitset form; and/or (1) it would be relatively easy to vary the spacing apart of the rails during assembly or installation; and/or 25 (m) it would be relatively easy to repair the barrier if required after final installation, through the easy removal and reinstatement of cross members. In this specification unless the contrary is expressly stated, where a document, act or item of knowledge is referred to or discussed, this reference or discussion is not an admission that 30 the document, act or item of knowledge or any combination thereof was at the priority date, publicly available, known to the public, part of common general knowledge; or known to be relevant to an attempt to solve any problem with which this specification is concerned.

5 Object of the Invention It is an object of the invention to provide an improved barrier module and method of assembly that ameliorates some of the disadvantages and limitations of the known art or at least provide the public with a useful choice. 5 Summary of Invention A barrier module comprising at least one rail to which at least one elongate cross member with sides is securable thereto whereby a cross member crosses the rail at an angle; the 10 said at least one rail thereof comprising a longitudinally extending rail-assembly; said rail assembly comprising of at least: - a longitudinally extending rail member; and - a retainer which after assembly of said cross member to said rail member engages said rail member and interacts with said cross member to maintain said cross 15 member in desired juxtaposition with said rail member; and - a capping member; wherein assembly of said cross member to said rail member is capable of being effected by engaging said cross member in a complementary shaped open-mouthed rebate formed in one side of said rail member through a substantially lateral motion of said cross member 20 through the open mouth of the rebate with which it is associated, said open mouth being directed in a general direction substantially horizontally transverse to the longitudinal axis of the cross member after assembly; and wherein said open mouth of said rail member is provided on the rebated side thereof with two spaced apart longitudinally extending connection means such that after assembly of the cross member; wherein said rail member 25 is provided on the rebated side thereof with two spaced apart longitudinally extending connection means located on arms that are joined to or extending from a base in the shape of an elongate member; said connection means including an inner retainer slot means and an outer capping slot means wherein said inner retainer slot means is shaped and adapted to receive said retainer and the outer capping slot means is shaped and adapted to receive 30 said capping member such that after assembly of said cross member, said connection means protrude laterally out beyond the outermost surface of the cross member in order to engage both said retainer and said capping member; and wherein after assembly said retainer lies substantially between said connection means and is held by two spaced apart inner retainer slot means, and at least partly covers that portion of said cross member lying 35 within said rebate, said retainer extending at least some distance longitudinally along the rail member on either or both sides of said rebate, and wherein said retainer is provided with at 6 least one fastening means or engagement method which engages the cross member so as to restrict said cross member from being removed from within the rebate and maintain said cross member in the desired juxtaposition with said rail member; and wherein said fastening means or engagement method is a fastener or fixing which is capable of being made to bear 5 firmly upon a surface of the cross member and hold the cross member by friction within the rebate and restrict said cross member being removed from the desired juxtaposition with said rail member; and wherein said capping member can be assembled to said rail member subsequent to assembly of both said cross member and said retainer to said rail member, and wherein after assembly said capping member is held by two spaced apart outer 10 capping slot means, and such that after assembly of said capping member said cross member is substantially encompassed around its perimeter at those points where it enters the rail-assembly by a combination of the edges of said open mouthed rebate and an edge or edges of said capping member, and such that after assembly of said capping member said retainer is substantially hidden from view; and said rail member integrally comprises 15 more than one substantially hollow or channel section, each of which has its own substantially distinct longitudinally extending internal cavity; and wherein at least one of said hollow or channel sections is substantially unaffected by the provision of the rebates. Accordingly in one aspect the present invention consists in a multi-purpose barrier module 20 comprising at least one rail to which at least one elongate cross member (baluster), with sides is securable thereto whereby the cross member crosses the rail at an angle; at least one rail thereof comprising a longitudinally extending rail-assembly; said rail-assembly comprising a longitudinally extending rail member such that assembly of at least one of the cross members to said rail member is capable of being effected by engaging said cross 25 member in a complementary shaped open-mouthed rebate formed in one side of said rail member through a substantially lateral motion of said cross member through the open mouth of the rebate with which it is associated, said open mouth being directed in a general direction substantially horizontally transverse to the longitudinal axis of the cross member after assembly; said rail-assembly further comprising a retainer which after assembly of said 30 cross member to said rail member, engages said rail member and interacts with said cross member to restrict removal of said cross member from within said rebate and maintain said cross member in desired juxtaposition with said rail member, wherein said open mouth of said rail member is provided on the rebated side 35 thereof with two spaced apart longitudinally extending connection means such that after assembly of the cross member, said connection means protrude laterally out beyond the 7 outermost surface of the cross member, in order to engage a capping member and effect assembly of the capping member to the rail member, wherein said rail member having two horizontally longitudinally extending spaced 5 apart upper and lower parallel flanges, each said flange lying in a plane which intersects said cross member after assembly, said rebate comprising at the least one complementary shaped open-mouthed cut-out in one of the flanges and a corresponding open-mouthed cut out in the other flange wherein the cut outs are vertically aligned with each other, whereby each rebate and portion of the retainer combine to peripherally surround on all sides, a 10 portion of one cross member. Preferably said rail-assembly further comprises a longitudinally extending capping member which can be assembled to said rail member subsequent to assembly of said cross member, such that after assembly of said capping member said cross member is 15 substantially encompassed around its perimeter at those points where it enters the rail assembly by a combination of the edges of said open mouthed rebate and an edge or edges of said capping member, and such that after assembly of said capping member said retainer is substantially hidden from view. 20 Preferably, the rail member is provided generally on the rebated side thereof with two spaced apart longitudinally extending connection means such that after assembly of the cross member, said connection means protrude laterally out beyond the outermost surface of the cross member, in order to engage the capping member and effect assembly of the capping member to the rail member. 25 Preferably the connection means is/are located on arms that are joined to or extending from a base in the shape of an elongate member. Preferably the connection means includes an inner retainer slot means and an outer 30 capping slot means. Preferably the connection means are oriented on the arms at a distance from each other closer than the distance between the arms. 35 Preferably the inner retainer slot means is shaped and adapted to receive the retainer and the outer capping slot means is shaped and adapted to receive the capping member.

8 Preferably, the capping member is capable of engaging said flanges. Preferably the capping member is shaped to be capable of engaging said outer capping slot 5 means of said connection means by sliding longitudinally along the length of the rail member, when being assembled to form the barrier module. Preferably the capping member is a channel shaped elongate member having a base and at least one flange whereby the flange has a flange connecting means in the form of at least 10 one hook which when in use is able to engage with the outer capping slot means. Preferably the capping member is capable of substantially loosely engaging said connection means by sliding longitudinally along the length of the rail member until said capping member is in desired longitudinal relation to said rail member, after which full engagement 15 to said rail member is obtained by compression of said capping member to resiliently engage with said rail member. Preferably after assembly the capping member presents an outer surface that is flush with the adjacent outer surface of the rail member. 20 Preferably after assembly the retainer lies substantially between the said connection means, at least partly covering an outermost surface of that portion of the cross member lying within the rail member, said retainer extending at least some distance longitudinally along the rail member on either or both sides of said rebate. 25 Preferably the retainer is held slidably by the connection means. Preferably said retainer is provided with at least one fastening means or engagement method which engages the cross member so as to restrict said cross member from being 30 removed from within the rebate and from desired juxtaposition with said rail member. Preferably said fastening means or engagement method is a fastener or fixing which is capable of being made to bear firmly upon a surface of the cross member and hold the cross member by friction within the rebate so as to restrict said cross member being 35 removed from within the rebate and from desired juxtaposition with said rail member.

9 Preferably said fastener or fixing is at least one threaded screw or like fastener which passes through a threaded hole provided in said retainer and which can be turned during assembly in order to cause it to advance towards and bear firmly upon a surface of the cross member and hold the cross member by friction within the rebate so as to restrict said 5 cross member being removed from within the rebate and from desired juxtaposition with said rail member. Preferably the capping member is prevented from fully assembling to the rail member until said screws or like fasteners are advanced the minimum distance required to engage the 10 cross member with sufficient force so as to restrict said cross member from being removed from within the rebate and from desired juxtaposition with said rail member. Preferably said retainer comprises an elongated plate or member which is capable of being positioned within the inner slot means which includes a longitudinally extending recess 15 formed in the rail member, said recess restricting withdrawal laterally of said retainer from within said recess, the arrangement being such that said retainer is able to be positioned during assembly into desired spatial relationship with the cross member, by sliding said retainer longitudinally within said recess along the length of said rail member. 20 Preferably one retainer is capable of retaining a plurality of cross members, said retainer being provided with an engagement method, or a plurality of spaced apart fasteners or fixings, which engage said cross members. Preferably during assembly the retainer is structurally bonded to the rail member in order to 25 provide the rail member with enhanced strength and rigidity for at least those spans of the rail member for which additional resistance to deflection is deemed desirable. Preferably the rail member is substantially hollow or a channel, having at least one longitudinally extending internal cavity. 30 Preferably said rail member integrally comprises more than one substantially hollow or channel section, each of which has its own substantially distinct longitudinally extending internal cavity. 35 Preferably at least one of said hollow or channel sections is substantially unaffected by the provision of the rebates.

10 Preferably the innermost edge of the rebate in the rail member is substantially coincident with a surface provided within said rail member, said surface providing a relatively broad bearing surface to support the cross member when it is assembled into said rebate and 5 compressed therein during assembly by the action of the retainer. Preferably a longitudinally extending stiffener-member is provided which is able to be inserted into a longitudinally extending internal cavity within the rail member for at least those spans of the rail member for which additional resistance to deflection is deemed 10 desirable. Preferably said stiffener-member is an integral component of said rail member. Preferably the capping member is substantially a channel in cross-section, the arrangement 15 being such that during assembly its free edges engage outer capping slot means of the connection means provided on the rail member. Preferably after assembly of the capping member to the rail member, the combined rail assembly is substantially square or rectangular in cross section. 20 Preferably the capping member is structurally bonded to the rail member during assembly in order to provide the rail member with enhanced strength or rigidity for at least those spans of the rail member for which additional strength or resistance to deflection is deemed desirable. 25 Preferably the cross member has two oppositely disposed but parallel sides which slidably fit between two corresponding oppositely disposed but parallel sides of the rebate in the rail member with just sufficient clearance for assembly. 30 Preferably the cross member is substantially square or rectangular in cross section. According to one embodiment of the present invention the arrangement is such that the cross member is capable of penetrating but not extending entirely through the rail member (see figures 11 and 1 1A), with the rebate extending only partially through the rail member, 35 said rail member having a longitudinally extending flange, said flange lying in a plane which intersects said cross member after assembly, said rebate comprising a complementary 11 shaped open-mouthed cut-out in said flange, the retainer being capable of being substantially rigidly fixed in relation to said cross member and fixed in relation to said rail member in order to maintain a substantially fixed angular relationship between the cross member and the rail member within the plane in which they lie. 5 Preferably after assembly said retainer is fixed in relation to the rail member in such a manner as to permit said retainer sliding at least some distance longitudinally along the length of the rail member in order to permit a useful variation after assembly in the angle of the cross member to the rail member within the plane in which they lie (see figure 17). 10 According to another embodiment of the present invention the arrangement is such that the cross member is capable of longitudinally extending in a continuous manner through the rail-assembly, entering through one face thereof and passing out the opposite face thereof, with the rebate passing completely through the rail member; said rail member having two 15 longitudinally extending spaced apart flanges, each said flange lying in a plane which intersects said cross member after assembly, said rebate comprising at the least one complementary shaped open-mouthed cut-out in one of the flanges and a corresponding open-mouthed cut-out in the other flange. 20 Preferably said cut-outs closely fit said cross member and lie on an axis substantially perpendicular to said rail member in order to maintain said cross member generally perpendicular in relation to said rail member after assembly (see figures 6 and 16). Alternatively the cut-outs in the two flanges of the rail member are not aligned together but 25 said cut-outs are positioned offset one to the other along the length of the rail member in order to maintain the cross member at a pre-determined angle to the rail member after assembly, the offset distance determining the said angle (see figure 18). Alternatively one of the flanges is provided with a cut-out which closely fits the cross 30 member, and the other flange being provided with an elongated cut-out which is elongated longitudinally along the length of the flange, the arrangement being such that the retainer is capable of sliding at least some distance longitudinally along the length of the rail member in order to permit the angle of said cross member to the rail member to be adjusted after assembly; the cross member pivoting about an axis substantially in the plane of the close 35 fitting cut-out and capable of moving within the length of the elongated cut-out to effect 12 angular adjustment of the cross member in relation to the cross member after assembly (see figures 19 & 12A). Preferably the range of angular adjustment provided is at least 15-degrees. 5 Preferably the elongated cut-out breaches a surface of the rail member which is generally less visible after final installation of the barrier module. Preferably the elongated cut-out is provided with a blanking-member (see figures 12, 12A, 10 13, and 20) within the rail-assembly which after assembly fits closely to the cross member and is adjacent to the elongated cut-out and closely covers that part of the elongated cut-out which is not occupied by the cross member; said blanking-member moving longitudinally in parallel with the rail member substantially in tandem with movement of said cross member during angular adjustment of the cross member, such that at all points within the range of 15 angular adjustment of said cross member, said elongated cut-out does not present an open cavity exposed to view. Preferably one blanking-member is associated with a plurality of cross members such that at all points within the range of angular adjustment of said cross members, said elongated 20 cut-outs associated with said cross members do not present open cavities exposed to view (see figure 13A). Alternatively instead of a blanking-member being provided, the capping member is provided with a flange (see figures 15, 15A and 21) having an open-mouthed cut-out which fits 25 closely over the cross member, the arrangement being such that after assembly said flange substantially covers the elongated cut-out, said capping member flange moving longitudinally in parallel with the rail member substantially in tandem with movement of said cross member during angular adjustment of the cross member, such that at practically all points within the range of angular adjustment of said cross member, said elongated cut-out 30 does not present an open cavity exposed to view. Preferably an end portion of the rail-assembly is covered by a sleeve-end which hides any difference of position between the end of the capping member in relation to the end of the rail member arising from the longitudinal sliding of the capping member during angular 35 adjustment of the cross members.

13 Preferably the rail assembly ends are attached to or adapted to interact with a substantially upright post or anchor point suitable for support (see figure 23). Preferably the sleeve-end is fitted with a flange (see figure 22A) or other means of attaching 5 the end of the rail member to a post or anchor point suitable for support. Preferably the rail member, the capping member, and the cross member are of substantially metal construction. 10 Preferably the rail member, the capping member, and the cross members are formed from extruded aluminium or aluminium alloy sections. Alternatively the rail member is formed from extruded aluminium or aluminium alloy section and the cross members are of steel. 15 Preferably the barrier module is provided as a kitset comprising at least one a rail member, at least one cross member and at least one retainer, for the construction of a barrier module according to this invention. 20 Accordingly in a second aspect the present invention consists in a method of barrier module construction utilizing the barrier module of the present invention wherein rail members are provided with open-mouthed rebates formed in one side in which cross members are placed through a substantially lateral motion of a cross member through the open mouth of a rebate with which it is associated; 25 subsequent to which a retainer is positioned and engaged with said rail member and caused to interact with said cross member to restrict removal of said cross member from within the rebate and from desired juxtaposition with said rail member; subsequent to which a longitudinally extending capping member is assembled to said rail member such that after assembly of said capping member said cross member is 30 substantially encompassed around its perimeter at those points where it enters the rail assembly by a combination of the edges of said rebate and an edge of said capping member, and such that after assembly of said capping member said retainer is substantially hidden from view.

14 Accordingly in a third aspect the present invention consists in a method of barrier module construction utilizing the barrier module of the present invention by carrying out the following steps of: - arrange rail members having connection means with rebates in correct orientation; 5 - insert cross members into rebates of rail members; - insert retainers into rail members; - insert and tighten fasteners through retainers and engaging the cross members; - apply capping member to connection means of rail member to cover the retainers. 10 To those skilled in the art to which the invention relates, many changes in construction and widely differing embodiments and application of the invention will suggest themselves without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The disclosures and the descriptions herein are purely illustrative and are not intended to be limiting. 15 Brief Description The invention will now be described, by way of example only, by reference to the accompanying drawings: 20 Figure 1 is a perspective view of a barrier module in accordance with a first preferred embodiment of the invention. Figure IA is front view of the barrier module as assembled. Figure 2 is a perspective view of the rail member. Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the rail member. 25 Figure 4 is a perspective view of the cross member. Figure 5 is a cross sectional view of the cross member. Figure 6 is a perspective view of the cross members assembled with the rail member. Figure 7 is a perspective view of the retainer with fasteners. Figure 8 is a perspective view of the retainer engaging the cross members. 30 Figure 9 is a perspective view of the capping member. Figure 9A is a cross sectional view of the capping member. Figure 10 is a cross sectional view of the full assembly of capping member, retainer, rail member and cross member. Figure 11A is perspective view of a cross member penetrating but not extending entirely 35 through the rail assembly. Figure II is cross sectional view of the rail member and cross member of figure 11 A.

15 Figure 12A is a perspective view of the rail member having an elongated cut-out with cross member and blanking-member. Figure 12 is a cross sectional view of the rail member of figure 12A having a blanking member. 5 Figure 13 is a perspective view of a blanking-member for a single cross member. Figure 13A is a perspective view of a blanking-member for use with more than one cross member. Figure 14 is a cross sectional view of a rail-assembly with a stiffener-member. Figure 15 is a perspective view of a flanged capping member with a flange having a cut-out. 10 Figure 15A is a cross sectional view of a flanged capping member with a flange having a cut-out assembled to a rail member. Figure 16 is a longitudinal section of the rail member of figure 10 having a cross member passing through perpendicularly. Figure 17 is a longitudinal section of the rail member of figures 11 and 1 1A, having a cross 15 member entering but not passing through the rail member. Figure 18 is a longitudinal section of the rail member of figure 10 having a cross member passing through non-perpendicularly at a fixed angle. Figure 19 is a longitudinal section of a rail member having a cross member passing through; with one of the cut-outs being elongated. 20 Figure 20 is a longitudinal section of the rail member of figure 12A having a cross member passing through, one of the cut-outs being elongated, and the cross member provided with a blanking-member. Figure 21 is a longitudinal section of the rail member of figure 15A. Figure 22 is a perspective view of a rail-assembly fitted with a sleeve-end. 25 Figure 22A is a perspective view of a sleeve-end adapted for securing the rail member end to a post or anchor point. Figure 23 is a front view of a series of barrier modules fitted to posts to form a continuous barrier. 30 Description of Drawings The following description will describe the invention in relation to preferred embodiments of the invention, namely a barrier module 1 and method of assembly. The invention is in no way limited to these preferred embodiments as they are purely to exemplify the invention only and that possible variations and modifications would be readily apparent without 35 departing from the scope of the invention.

16 Some applications of the barrier module 1 as shown in figures 1 - 23 and assembly as shown in figures 1 - 23 include fences and balustrades of the type comprising the following components of at lease one cross member or post 2 spanning at least one rail 3 of which at least one comprises a rail-assembly 3a. 5 In very broad terms the invention minimally includes a joint between a cross member and rail member which can also be called a barrier module whereby each cross member or post crossing at least a part of at least one rail at any angle depending on the angle of the rails and/or posts desired and/or which may be determined by the substrate or ground upon 10 which the barrier module is being located and supported thereon. Minimally the barrier module can include just at lease one cross member secured to at least one rail. In one example, cross members 2 are typically substantially vertical baluster like members and the rail-assemblies 3a are typically substantially horizontal or substantially parallel to the ground surface as railings. 15 Typically, such a barrier module 1 can be connected to like barriers to form a continuous barrier 40. Such continuous barriers may be known as fences if used in a landscape setting; or balustrades if situated in relation to a building. Throughout this specification the term barrier or barrier module 1 may, according to the context, be taken to include a reference to 20 a fence or balustrade, or other intersecting construction; including but not limited to, ladders, cable trays, and the like. Accordingly as shown in figure 1A, barrier module 1 is a multi-purpose barrier comprising two or more rails 3 to which at least one or a plurality of spaced apart tubular or bar-like 25 cross members (balusters) 2 are securable therein or thereto substantially in the same plane e.g. when in use in a substantially vertical plane. Cross member 2 has a body with any suitable cross sectional shape such as square or rectangular. In this example, as shown in figures 4, 5 and 6, cross member 2 has a hollow elongate body, with a box like cross section having a perimeter or outer surface 2A as shown in figures 4 and 5. 30 As shown in figure 1, the at least one rail-assembly 3a comprises a rail member 3b and a capping member 15. The rail member 3b comprises an elongate member, being when in use, i.e. assembled as a barrier such as a fence or balustrade, oriented substantially horizontal or parallel with a support surface e.g. the ground, to be a longitudinally extending 35 rail member.

17 As shown in figures 2 & 3, rail member 3b is also shaped as an elongate member but comprises a base section formed as a box like cross section having a longitudinally extending cavity 4, and with at least two flanges in the form of arms 5 and 6 extending outwardly from the box section to form a channel recess 7. Additionally rail member 3b has 5 at least one complementary shaped open mouthed rebate 9 formed as cut-outs in at least one arm 5 or 6, thereby being termed a rebate in the side of the rail member 3b. Rail-assembly 3a comprises a longitudinally extending rail member 3b such that assembly of at least one cross member 2 to said rail member 3b is effected by engaging said cross 10 member 2 into the complementary shaped open-mouthed rebates 9 formed in one side of said rail member through a substantially lateral motion of said cross member 2 through the open mouth of the rebate 9 with which it is associated. The said open mouth rebate 9 has its open mouth directed in a general direction substantially transverse to the longitudinal axis of the cross member after assembly. The result of this stage of assembly is shown in 15 figure 6. As seen in figures 7 and 8, the barrier module further comprises a retainer 12 which after assembly of the cross member 2 to the rail member 3b, engages said rail member 3b and interacts with said cross member 2 to restrict removal of said cross member 2 from said rail 20 member 3b. Retainer 12 is an elongate strip like member having a rectangular cross section. The barrier module further comprises a longitudinally extending or elongate capping member 15, shown in figures 9 and 9A, which is assembled to said rail member 3b 25 subsequent to assembly of said cross member 2, such that after assembly of said capping member 15, said cross member 2 is substantially encompassed around its perimeter 2a at those points where it enters the rail member(s) 3b by a combination of the edges 9a and 9b of said cut-out of rebate 9 and an edge 17 of said capping member, and such that after assembly of said capping member 15 said retainer 12 is substantially hidden from view as 30 shown in figure 1. Each rail member 3b is provided generally on the rebated side thereof with two spaced apart longitudinally extending arms 5 and 6 such that in use after assembly of the cross member, said arms 5 and 6 protrude laterally out beyond an outermost surface of the cross 35 member 2, in order to engage the capping member 15 and effect assembly of the capping member 15 to the rail member 3b.

18 The capping member 15 is capable of engaging the connections means on or of said arms 5 and 6 of the rail member 3b whereby the capping member 15 is shaped to be capable of engaging said arms 5 & 6 by sliding longitudinally along the length of the rail member 3b, 5 when being installed to form the barrier module. The capping member 15 is channel shaped forming an inner recess therein, having in this example a square cross sectional profile though any profile shape is possible as long as there is a flange connection means in the form of for example, a hook located within the inner recess. 10 As shown in figure 3, 10, 11, 11A, 12, 12A, 14 and 15A, arms 5 and 6 of the channel recess 7 are generally parallel with each other and as shown in figure 3, have a distal end with connecting means 10 in the form of special shape thickened portions. Connection means 10 are oriented with respect to the arms 5 and 6 to be inclined inwards towards each other to cause there to be a narrowing of the mouth of the recess 7. This narrowing enables the 15 capping member 15 when in place, to present an outer surface that is flush with an outer surface of the adjacent arm 5 or 6. Each rail member 3b has an outer surface and inner surface whereby the recess is bordered by an inner surface. Connection means 10 includes a longitudinally extending 20 recess which includes an inner retainer slot means 10a which are located on an inner side of the arm 5 and 6 and are aligned and spaced with each other such that in use an edge portion of the retainer 12 is slidably captured therein as shown in figure 10. Connection means 10 also has an outer capping slot means which is formed as at least one outer slot 1 Ob that in use the hooks 20 of the capping member 15 are able to slidably clip into. 25 Capping member 15 is capable of substantially loosely engaging said arms 5 and 6 by sliding longitudinally along the length of the rail member 3b until said capping member 15 is in desired longitudinal relationship to said rail member 3b, after which full engagement to said rail member 3b is obtained by compression fitting of said capping member 15 to 30 resiliently engage with said rail member 3b as seen in figure 10. The capping member 15 can also clipped in place instead of the sliding or be in combination thereof. After assembly the retainer 12 lies substantially between the said arms 5 and 6, at least partly covering an outermost surface of that portion of the cross member 2 lying within the 35 rail member 3b. Retainer 12 extends at least some distance longitudinally along the rail member on either or both sides of said rebate 9.

19 As seen in figures 7, 8 and 10, retainer 12 is provided with at least one fastening means or engagement method 13 which engages the cross member 2. Said fastening means or engagement method is a fastener or fixing 13 which is capable of being made to bear firmly 5 upon an outer surface of the cross member 2, while the retainer 12 is being slidably held by the arms 5 and 6 of rail member 3b, and hold the cross member by friction within the rebate so as to restrict said cross member 2 being removed from said rail member 3b. As shown in figure 7, 8 and 10 the fastener or fixing means 13 can include for example at 10 least one threaded screw or like fastener, i.e. a retainer screw 13, which passes through a threaded hole 14 provided in said retainer 12, and which can be turned during assembly in order to cause it to advance towards and bear firmly upon a surface of the cross member and hold the cross member 2 by friction within the rebate 9 so as to restrict said cross member 2 being removed from the rail member 3b. The said retainer screw need not 15 penetrate the surface of the cross member 2, however it is desirable that the cross member is able to be deformed at least a little by the pressure of the retainer screw 13, to assist in holding the cross member 2 within the rail member 3b. Capping member 15 is prevented from fully assembling to the rail member until said retainer 20 screws or like fasteners 13 are advanced a minimum distance required to engage the cross members 2 with sufficient force to restrict said cross members 2 from being removed from said rail member 3b. This is because during the fitting of the retainer screws 13 if they are not fully advanced or installed they will protrude to impede the sliding and or clipping-on of the capping member 15 onto the arms 5 and 6. 25 As shown in figure 9 and 9A, capping member 15 is an elongate member substantially channel shaped in cross-section having a base 18 and free ends in the form of flanges 19 such that the cross section has an external surface and inner surface forming an inner recess. The flanges 19 are formed having a flange connecting means which in this example 30 can be at hook shaped distal end so that there is at least one hook 20 located on the flanges within the recess. The shape of the capping member 15 is such that during assembly its free edges or flanges 19 engage the arm 5 and 6 provided on the rail member 3b. 35 The retainer 12 comprises an elongate plate or member which is capable of being positioned within a longitudinally extending recess formed in the rail member 3b, said recess 20 restricting withdrawal laterally of said retainer 12 from within said recess, the arrangement being such that said retainer 12 is able to be positioned during assembly into desired spatial relationship with the cross member 2, by sliding said retainer 12 longitudinally within said recess along the length of said rail member 3b. 5 During use one retainer 12 is capable of retaining a plurality of cross members 2 to a rail member 3b. During assembly the retainer 12 is structurally bonded by adhesive or mechanical means to the rail member 3b in order to provide the rail-assembly with enhanced strength and rigidity for only those spans of the rail member 3b where additional 10 strength or resistance to deflection is deemed desirable. Rail member 3b integrally comprises more than one substantially hollow or channular section, each of which has its own substantially distinct longitudinally extending internal cavity. One of said hollow or channular sections is substantially unaffected by the provision 15 ofthe rebates 9. An innermost edge 9b (see figures 2 and 3) of the rebate 9 of the rail member 3b is substantially coincident with a surface 21 provided within the recess 7 of the channel portion of the rail member 3b. Surface 21 provides a relatively broad bearing surface to support at 20 least a portion of the cross member 2 when it is assembled into said rebate 9 and compressed therein by the action of the retainer 12 during assembly. Surface 21 is part of a web of the box section portion of rail member 3b. A longitudinally extending stiffener-member 23 (see figure 14) is provided which can be 25 inserted into the longitudinally extending internal cavity 4 within the rail member 3b so that the stiffener-member 23 is used for only those spans of the rail members 3b where additional resistance to deflection is deemed desirable, or it may be an integral component of the rail-assembly 3a. 30 As shown in figure 1 after assembly of the capping member 15 to the rail member 3b; the rail-assembly 3a, comprising the rail member 3b and capping member 15, is substantially square or rectangular in cross section. During assembly the capping member 15 is structurally bonded by adhesive or mechanical means to the rail member 3b in order to provide the rail-assembly with enhanced strength and rigidity for only those spans of the rail 35 member 3b where additional resistance to deflection is deemed desirable.

21 The cross member 2 has two oppositely disposed but parallel sides which fit between two corresponding oppositely disposed but parallel sides of the rebate of the rail member with just sufficient clearance for assembly. 5 In one embodiment of the present invention cross member 2 penetrates but does not extend through the rail member 3b (see figures 11& 11A), with the rebate 9 of the rail member extending only partially through the rail member 3b. In figures 11 and 11A, arm 6 of rail member 3b is a longitudinally extending flange which lies in a plane which intersects with 10 said cross member 2 after assembly. Rebate 9 comprises a complementary shaped open mouthed cut-out in said flange. The hatched portion of the cross member in figure 11 represents those parts of the rail member's cross section which will be removed at the rebate 9. The retainer 12 is capable of being substantially rigidly fixed in relation to said cross member 2 and fixed in relation to said rail member 3b by friction in order to maintain a 15 substantially fixed angular relationship between the cross member 2 and the rail member 3b within the plane in which they lie. After assembly of the cross member 2 to the rail member 3b as seen in figure 11, said retainer 12 is capable of being fixed in relation to the rail member 3b in such a manner as to 20 permit said retainer to slide at least some distance longitudinally along the length of the rail member 3b in order to permit a useful variation after assembly in the angle of the cross member to the rail member within the plane in which they lie. This is clearly shown in figure 17 where the dashed outline of the cross member shows its starting position, and where the solid outline shows its final position, after having moved an angular distance 30, permitted 25 by the longitudinal distance 31 the retainer (represented in the figure by the retainer screw 13) has been able to slide. In another embodiment of the present invention as shown in figures 6, 8 and 10, the cross member 2 extends longitudinally in a continuous manner through the rail member 3b, 30 entering through one upper or lower face thereof and passing out the opposite face thereof, with the rebate 9 passing completely through the rail member 3b. Each rail member 3b has two longitudinally extending spaced apart flanges 5 and 6 joined by at least one web 22, whereby each said flange lies in a plane which intersects said cross member 2 after assembly. The rebate 9 comprises at the least one complementary shaped open-mouthed 35 cut-out in one of the flanges and a corresponding open-mouthed cut-out in the other flange. The cut-outs closely fit said cross member 2 and lie on an axis perpendicular to said rail 22 member 3b in order to maintain said cross member 2 generally perpendicular in relation to said rail member 3b after assembly. This is shown clearly in figure 16. Alternatively, as shown in figure 18, the cut-outs 9 in the two flanges 5 and 6 of the rail 5 member 3b are not aligned on a perpendicular axis but said cut-outs are positioned offset one to the other along the length of the rail member 3b in order to maintain the cross member at a pre-determined angle 33 to the rail member after assembly, the offset distance 32 determining the said angle 33. 10 In yet another alternative, as shown in figures 12A and figure 19, one of the flanges is provided with a cut-out 9 which closely fits the cross member, and the other flange being provided with an elongated cut-out 25 which is elongated longitudinally along the length of the flange, the arrangement being such that the retainer 12 (represented in figure 19 by the retainer screw 13) is capable of sliding at least some distance longitudinally along the length 15 of the rail member 3b in order to permit the angle of said cross member to the rail member to be adjusted after assembly. The cross member 2 pivots about an axis substantially in the plane of the close fitting cut-out 9 and is capable of moving within the length of the elongated cut-out 25 to effect angular adjustment of the cross member 2 after assembly. The elongated cut-out 25 breaches a surface of the rail member 3b which is generally less 20 visible after final installation of the barrier module 1. The elongated cut-out 25 is provided with a blanking-member 26 (see figure 12, 12A, 13, 13A and 20) within the recess 7; and which has a cut-out 27 which after assembly fits closely to the cross member 2 and is adjacent to the elongated cut-out 25 and closely 25 covers that part of the elongated cut-out 25 which is not occupied by the cross member 2. Blanking-member 26 moves longitudinally in parallel with the rail member 3b substantially in tandem with any movement of said cross member 2 during angular adjustment of the cross member 2, such that at all points within the range of angular adjustment of said cross member 2 with respect to the rail member 3b, said elongated cut-out 25 does not present an 30 exposed open cavity. After assembly, the blanking-member 26 is prevented from moving out of correct position with respect to the cross member 2 by the retainer screw 13. As shown in figure 13A, a blanking-member may be continuous, i.e. a continuous blanking member 26a, associated with a plurality of cross members 2 such that at all points within the 35 range of angular adjustment of said cross members 2, said elongated cut-outs 25 do not present exposed open cavities.

23 Alternatively instead of a blanking-member 26 or 26a being provided, the capping member 15 is provided with a capping member flange 28 to form a flanged capping member 15a (see figures 15, 15A and 21) having an open-mouthed cut-out 29 which fits closely over the 5 cross member 2, the arrangement being such that after assembly said capping member flange 28 covers the elongated cut-out 25. Capping member flange 28 moves longitudinally in parallel with the rail member 3b substantially in tandem with movement of cross member 2 during angular adjustment of cross member 2, such that at practically all points within the range of angular adjustment of said cross member 2, said elongated cut-out 25 does not 10 present an exposed open cavity. In this embodiment of the invention, it is necessary for the flanged capping member 15a to be able to assemble to the rail member by a clipping action instead of a sliding action. As shown by figure 22 the end portion of the rail member 3b and the flanged capping 15 member 15a can be covered by a sleeve-end 35 which hides any difference in position between the end of the flanged capping member 15a with respect to the end of the rail member 3b arising from longitudinal sliding of the flanged capping member 15a during angular adjustment of the cross members 2. As shown in figure 22A, the sleeve-end can be provided with a flange 36 having holes 37 to allow for fixing to a post or anchor point for 20 support. When in use, a series of barrier modules 1 can be attached to posts 39 or other anchor points suitable for support to provide a continuous barrier 40 (see figure 23). Cross members 2, rail members 3b and capping members 15, can be made from substantially 25 metal construction. The barrier module 1 can be provided as a kitset comprising cross members 2, rail members 3b, retainers 12, and capping members 15, for the construction of a barrier module according to this invention. Methods of barrier assembly construction 30 There is also disclosed a method of barrier construction characterised in that rail members 3b are provided with open-mouthed rebates 9 formed in one side in which cross members 2 are placed through substantially lateral motion of a cross member 2 through the open mouth of a rebate 9 with which it is associated; subsequent to which a retainer 12 is positioned and engaged with said rail member 3b and 35 caused to interact with said cross member 2 to restrict removal of said cross member 2 from within the rebate 9 and from desired juxtaposition with said rail member 3b; 24 subsequent to which a longitudinally extending capping member 15 is assembled to said rail member 3b such that after assembly of said capping member 15 said cross member 2 is substantially encompassed around its perimeter at those points where it enters the rail member assembly by a combination of the edges 9a and 9b, of said rebate 9; and an edge 5 17 of said capping member 15, and such that after assembly of said capping member 15 said retainer 12 is substantially hidden from view. In summary the method can include the following steps of: - arrange rail member(s) 3b with cut-outs 9 in correct orientation; 10 - insert cross member(s) 2 into cut-outs 9 of rail member(s) 3b; - insert retainer(s) 12 into rail member(s) 3b; - insert and tighten retainer screws 13 through retainer(s) 12 to engage the cross member(s) 2; - apply capping member(s) 15 to flanges 5 and 6 of rail member(s) 3b to cover the 15 retainer(s) 12; - transport or move barrier module 1 to site for erection. These steps can be altered by, for example, adding the step of inserting a blanking-member 26 after fitting the cross members 2 in place. 20 Also in another variation the barrier module 1 can first be transported to site as an un assembled kitset, and then assembled on site. For this variation it may be desirable that the retainer screws 13 are pre-inserted in the holes 14 in the retainer 12 prior to transport to site. 25 It should be appreciated that one of the significant advantages of this invention for many barrier configurations derives from the ability to assemble the cross member to the rail by a lateral motion, through a relatively short distance related to the width of the cross member, into the open-mouthed rebate; rather than the method according to the prior art of 30 longitudinally sliding through a hole for a comparably greater distance related to the length of the cross member. Not only does this invention thereby provide an easier and quicker method of assembly, it also permits a closer tolerance in dimension between the width of the cross member and the width of the rebate which may be desirable for aesthetic purposes, for minimizing ingress of foreign particles, or for minimizing rattle. 35 25 Further it should also be appreciated that the provision of a rail member having a longitudinally extending hollow or channular section with its internal cavity not penetrated by the rebates has the advantage of providing a structural core to the rail member which is not weakened by the provision of the rebates. 5 It should also be realized that a rebate as referred to in this specification is an open mouthed cavity extending through a side of a rail member and penetrating any protrusion of the rail member's material in its path. Where a relatively thin flange is penetrated by the rebate this will produce an open-mouthed cut-out in the flange. A succession of such open 10 mouthed cut-outs when axially aligned through succeeding flanges or protrusions of the rail member's material, taken together may comprise a rebate. A rebate referred to in this specification as comprising one or more open-mouthed cut-outs in a flange or flanges, may also comprise penetrations or cut-outs in other elements which are not referred to. 15 Advantages a) no sliding fitting of the rails and cross members b) less likelihood of damage to rails and cross members when assembling c) quicker assembly d) less likelihood of rattling 20 e) rails and cross members can be square or rectangular in cross section f) not limited to round cross sections g) mandrels not required h) aesthetically pleasing appearance i) no need to weld 25 j) less skilled labour can assemble the barrier k) all components can be prefinished to speed up assembly I) readily demountable m) no special tool is required for assembly on site n) no unsightly rivets or fasteners to spoil the look 30 o) power tools or rivet tools are not needed p) able to rack the barrier at least in some configurations q) able to have the rails to follow the ground while keeping cross members vertical, at least in some configurations r) able to assemble by applying the rails to the posts 35 s) cross members only need cutting to length t) able to alter spacing and orientation of the rails on site 26 u) design not limited just to fence-like barriers but can be used for any type of barrier such as balustrades, cable trays, and the like. 5 Variations Throughout the description of this specification, the word "comprise" and variations of that word such as "comprising" and "comprises", are not intended to exclude other additives, components, integers or steps. Minimally the invention can also be called a joint between at least two elongate members such as for example a cross member and rail. 10 It will also be understood that where a product, method or process as herein described or claimed and that is sold incomplete, as individual components, or as a "kit of Parts", that such exploitation will fall within the ambit of the invention. Any of the components of the barrier module including the cross members 2, rail member 15 3b, retainers 12, the capping members 15, and blanking members 26; can be formed from any suitable material(s) or combination of materials such as for example from extruded aluminium or aluminium alloy sections or plastics or metal. Additionally though the cross sections of these components are shown as being one piece, they can equally be made from portions or parts that can be joined or connected together to form the final cross 20 section and length. Still further more the cross sectional shape(s) of any of the components mentioned of the present invention in this specification can be formed of any cross section such as for example, square, rectangular or angular or circular or any combination thereof. The number 25 of slots or hooks can be varied as well as the position of the connection means on the arms of the rail member. Also though close shaped box like sections are as shown, other cross sections can be utilized such as channel shaped which can be open are also possible. The dividing wall or web 22 of the rail member 3b can also be a non continuous wall or even may not be required as the end edge 9b as provided may be enough of a stop for the cross 30 member 2 to be held therein the rebate 9. For example, alternatively the rail members 2 are formed from extruded aluminium or aluminium alloy section and the cross members are of steel. The shapes or cross sections can also be varied. For example rail members 3b are substantially hollow or channular, 35 having a longitudinally extending internal cavity. Solid box sections for the cross members 27 and rail members are shown but equally variations on the box section are possible such as channel sections or perforated sections. The number of and type of fasteners used, can be varied. 5 It should be appreciated that one of the advantages of the present invention is its efficiency of manufacture, in that in at least several of its embodiments, the rebate 9 may be formed by a single pass transversely through the rail member 3b of a rotating cutter having a cutting diameter equal to the width of the rebate 9. The efficiencies obtained may be greatly enhanced if multiple rail members 3b are laid side-by-side and one rebate 9 machined in 10 each rail member 3b through a single pass of the cutter transversely through the aggregated rail members 3b. While this invention has a number of potentially realizable applications, it was in relation to the design, manufacture, and installation of barriers such as fences and balustrades that 15 this invention was developed. More specifically it was in relation to the problems associated with the assembly of cross members to rails by sliding them longitudinally through openings in the rails, with the problems associated with loose and rattling joints, with the need to readily accommodate cross members of square or rectangular cross-section, with the need to provide a method of manufacture that easily permitted the use of punching rather than 20 drilling, with the limitations of welding as a fastening method, with the limitations and uneconomic and time consuming nature of alternative methods of fastening, with the need to provide a suitable method of adjusting the angular relationship of the cross members to the rails during installation, with the need to avoid unsightly exposed fasteners, with the problems associated with methods of assembly that require cumbersome or inconvenient or 25 costly equipment, with the problems associated with the manufacture and storage and transport of pre-assembled barrier modules, with the need to be able to offer a form of kitset for barriers that would be easy for anyone to assemble and modify and repair, and with the need to enable easy adjustment of rail spacings that the present invention was developed. In addition it was by providing an alternative to existing designs and methods of 30 construction, with foreseeable enhanced benefits to the user that this invention was developed. These and other features and characteristics of the present invention, as well as the method of operation and functions of the related elements of structures and the combination of parts and economics of manufacture, will become more apparent upon consideration of the 35 following description with reference to the accompanying drawings, all of which form part of 28 this specification, wherein like reference numerals designate corresponding parts in the various figures. For purposes of the description hereinafter, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", "left", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "side", "lateral", "longitudinal" and derivatives thereof 5 shall relate to the invention as it is oriented in the drawing figures. However it is to be understood that the invention may assume various alternative variations, except where expressly specified to the contrary. It is also to be understood that the specific devices illustrated in the attached drawings, and described in the following specification are simply exemplary embodiments of the invention. Hence specific dimensions and other physical 10 characteristics related to the embodiments disclosed herein are not to be considered as limiting. It will of course be realised that while the foregoing has been given by way of illustrative example of this invention, all such and other modifications and variations thereto as would be apparent to persons skilled in the art are deemed to fall within the broad scope and ambit 15 of this invention as is hereinbefore described.