WO2016070628A1 - 一种电力线载波通讯终端控制装置、系统及方法 - Google Patents

一种电力线载波通讯终端控制装置、系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016070628A1
WO2016070628A1 PCT/CN2015/081670 CN2015081670W WO2016070628A1 WO 2016070628 A1 WO2016070628 A1 WO 2016070628A1 CN 2015081670 W CN2015081670 W CN 2015081670W WO 2016070628 A1 WO2016070628 A1 WO 2016070628A1
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Prior art keywords
plc
mqtt
message
terminal system
subscription
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PCT/CN2015/081670
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
尹彬
雷歆
林木加
周赟
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华为技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP15857494.7A priority Critical patent/EP3208974A4/en
Publication of WO2016070628A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016070628A1/zh
Priority to US15/588,130 priority patent/US20170244792A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
    • H04L67/125—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks involving control of end-device applications over a network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B3/00—Line transmission systems
    • H04B3/54—Systems for transmission via power distribution lines
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/28—Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/40—Support for services or applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/16—Implementation or adaptation of Internet protocol [IP], of transmission control protocol [TCP] or of user datagram protocol [UDP]
    • H04L69/161—Implementation details of TCP/IP or UDP/IP stack architecture; Specification of modified or new header fields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
    • H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
    • H04B2203/5404—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines
    • H04B2203/5408—Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines using protocols
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems
    • H04B2203/54—Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups
    • H04B2203/5429—Applications for powerline communications
    • H04B2203/5445—Local network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2212/00—Encapsulation of packets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of Internet of Things, and in particular, to a power line carrier communication terminal control apparatus, system and method.
  • the underlying access network of the Internet of Things has power line carrier communication (English: Power Line Carrier, PLC for short), Zigbee protocol (English: Zigbee), wireless LAN protocol based on IEEE 802.11b standard (English: Wireless-Fidelity, referred to as: Wi-Fi, Ethernet, etc., among which PLC is widely favored due to its unique advantages.
  • PLC can directly use the existing distribution network as the transmission line, and the power line is the network with the wide coverage. Its scale is unmatched by any other network. Therefore, PLC can easily penetrate into every household, for the Internet of Things. The development creates great space.
  • the existing Internet of Things is not as distinct as the traditional data communication network, and each level has a unified agreement.
  • the level defined by each manufacturer and the protocol of each layer are not the same, and many of them are their own private protocols, which is not conducive to the interoperability of devices from multiple manufacturers.
  • There are some large-scale IoT products in various layers of protocol design is very complex, the advantages are more powerful, the disadvantage is that it is too complicated, not suitable for small and medium-sized systems or the development of IoT systems under poor communication quality.
  • the entire system is divided into four to five layers: the top is the application and management platform, responsible for overall control and management; the next layer is the collector, and The management platform communicates through the Transmission Control Protocol (English: Transmission Control Protocol, TCP)/Internet Protocol (English: Internet Protocol, IP for short), which is responsible for data storage, collection, and calculation.
  • TCP/IP protocol is also called the network.
  • Communication protocol the next layer is the IoT gateway, and the collector communicates through the TCP/IP protocol, which is responsible for discovering the terminal and managing the terminal to access the network; the bottom layer is the terminal, and the terminal and the gateway communicate via Ethernet protocol or Wi-Fi protocol.
  • control command is sent to the terminal from the application to go through four levels.
  • the control system has full functions and is easy to expand, but requires more hardware, software and hardware development is difficult, and the load is too heavy, which is not conducive to the control and scheduling of small and medium-sized systems.
  • the invention provides a power line carrier communication PLC terminal control device, system and method, so as to construct a simple, intelligent and flexible IoT middleware platform, which can adapt to a scene with poor communication conditions or unsuitable for laying a network cable.
  • the present invention provides a power line carrier communication PLC terminal control device, which is applied to a PLC terminal control system, the PLC terminal control system including the device, a PLC terminal system, and a message queue telemetry transmission MQTT publisher, The device establishes a PLC connection with the PLC terminal system, and the device establishes an Ethernet connection with the MQTT issuer;
  • the device is configured to receive a subscription request sent by the PLC terminal system, where the subscription request includes a PLC terminal system identifier and a theme for controlling the PLC terminal system; and the theme and the location are established in a mapping table according to the subscription request Corresponding relationship of the PLC terminal system identifier, sending a subscription response message to the PLC terminal system according to the correspondence relationship, the subscription response message includes the topic; receiving a control message issued by the MQTT publisher, the control The message includes a control word for controlling operation of the subject matter and the subject matter; and the control message is transmitted to the PLC terminal system in accordance with the correspondence.
  • the apparatus is further configured to: before receiving the subscription request sent by the PLC terminal system, receive a registration request sent by the PLC terminal system, where the registration request carries the PLC terminal a system identifier; recording the PLC terminal system identifier in the mapping table according to the registration request; and sending the registration response message to the PLC terminal system;
  • the device is specifically configured to: according to the PLC terminal system identifier in the subscription request, search the mapping table to obtain the PLC, when the mapping between the theme and the identifier of the PLC terminal system is established. An entry identified by the terminal system, and the subject is recorded in the entry.
  • the PLC terminal system includes a PLC terminal, a PLC front end PFE connected to the PLC terminal, and the device includes an MQTT proxy, a PLC data concentrator PDC connected to the MQTT agent, the PLC terminal system identifier being a PFE identifier;
  • the PDC is configured to receive the subscription request sent by the PFE, where the subscription request includes a PLC frame header and an MQTT subscription message, where the PFE identifier is carried in the PLC frame header, and the topic is carried in the MQTT Querying the mapping table according to the PFE identifier, and obtaining an entry including the PFE identifier, The subject is recorded in the entry; the PLC frame header of the subscription request is deleted, the MQTT subscription message is obtained, the MQTT subscription message is encapsulated by Ethernet, and the encapsulated MQTT subscription message is sent to the Said MQTT agent;
  • the MQTT proxy is configured to receive the encapsulated MQTT subscription message.
  • the MQTT proxy is further configured to send the subscription response message to the PDC, where the subscription response message is encapsulated by Ethernet MQTT response message, the subject is included in the MQTT response message;
  • the PDC is further configured to receive the subscription response message, decapsulate the subscription response message to obtain the MQTT response message, and search the mapping table according to the topic to obtain the PFE identifier; and the MQTT response message. Adding a PLC frame header including the PFE identifier, and transmitting an MQTT response message to which the PLC frame header is added to the PFE.
  • the PDC is further configured to receive the foregoing that is forwarded by the MQTT proxy a control message, the control message is an Ethernet-encapsulated message sent by the MQTT publisher to the MQTT proxy; de-encapsulating the Ethernet packet of the control message; and corresponding to the PFE identifier according to the topic in the mapping table a relationship, adding a PLC frame header including the PFE identifier to the control message, and transmitting the control message to which the PLC frame header is added to the PFE.
  • the control message is an Ethernet-encapsulated message sent by the MQTT publisher to the MQTT proxy; de-encapsulating the Ethernet packet of the control message; and corresponding to the PFE identifier according to the topic in the mapping table a relationship, adding a PLC frame header including the PFE identifier to the control message, and transmitting the control message to which the PLC frame header is added to the PFE.
  • the present invention provides a power line carrier communication terminal control system, comprising the first aspect or the second possible implementation of the first aspect or the third possible implementation of the first aspect or the first aspect A PLC terminal control device, a PLC terminal system, and a message queue telemetry transmission MQTT issuer according to a fourth possible implementation manner, wherein the PLC terminal control device establishes a PLC connection with the PLC terminal system, and the device and the MQTT The publisher establishes an etheric connection.
  • the present invention provides a power line carrier communication PLC terminal control method, which is applied to a PLC terminal control system, which includes a PLC terminal control device, a PLC terminal system, and a message queue telemetry transmission MQTT publisher.
  • the PLC terminal control device establishes a PLC connection with the PLC terminal system, and the PLC terminal control device establishes an Ethernet connection with the MQTT issuer;
  • the PLC terminal control device executes the method, including:
  • control message issued by the MQTT publisher, the control message including a control word and the topic, the control word being used to control an operation on the topic;
  • the method before the receiving the subscription request sent by the PLC terminal system, the method further includes:
  • the device is specifically configured to: according to the PLC terminal system identifier in the subscription request, search the mapping table to obtain the PLC, when the mapping between the theme and the identifier of the PLC terminal system is established. An entry identified by the terminal system, and the subject is recorded in the entry.
  • the PLC terminal system includes a PLC terminal, a PLC front end PFE connected to the PLC terminal, and the device includes an MQTT proxy, a PLC data concentrator PDC connected to the MQTT agent, the PLC terminal system identifier being a PFE identifier;
  • Receiving the subscription request sent by the PLC terminal system including:
  • the PDC Receiving, by the PDC, the subscription request sent by the PFE, where the subscription request includes a PLC frame header and an MQTT subscription message, where the PFE identifier is carried in the PLC frame header, and the topic is carried in the MQTT subscription message. in;
  • the PDC deletes the PLC frame header of the subscription request, obtains the MQTT subscription message, performs Ethernet encapsulation on the MQTT subscription message, and sends the encapsulated MQTT subscription message to the MQTT proxy.
  • mapping table including:
  • the sending, by the corresponding relationship, a subscription response message to the PLC terminal system includes:
  • the MQTT proxy sends the subscription response message to the PDC, where the subscription response message is an Ethernet encapsulated MQTT response message, and the MQTT response message includes the topic;
  • the PDC adds a PLC frame header including the PFE identifier to the MQTT response message, and sends an MQTT response message to which the PLC frame header is added to the PFE.
  • the receiving, by the MQTT publisher, the control message includes:
  • the MQTT proxy receives the control message advertised by the MQTT publisher, and forwards the control message encapsulated by the Ethernet to the PDC;
  • the PDC releases the Ethernet encapsulation of the control message
  • the PDC adds a PLC frame header including the PFE identifier to the control message according to the correspondence between the topic and the PFE identifier in the mapping table, and adds the control message of the PLC frame header. Sent to the PFE.
  • 1 is a structural diagram of an existing terminal control system
  • FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of a power line carrier communication PLC terminal control system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a structural diagram for further refinement of the power line carrier communication terminal control system shown in FIG. 2;
  • 4a is a schematic diagram of a structure of a control message encapsulated by an Ethernet packet sent by an MQTT distributor to an MQTT proxy through an Ethernet connection;
  • Figure 4b shows the structure of the control message added to the PLC header by the PLC data concentrator sent to the PLC front end through the PLC connection;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a method for controlling a power line carrier communication terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart showing further refinement of the power line carrier communication terminal control method shown in FIG. 5.
  • the invention is applied to the field of Internet of things, for example, to smart homes, intelligent buildings, smart meter reading, etc., and controls terminals in an intelligent system.
  • the embodiment of the invention constructs a simple, intelligent and flexible IoT middleware platform, and carries the MQTT message on the PLC, which can adapt to the scenes with poor communication conditions or unsuitable for laying the network cable.
  • the system 1000 includes: a PLC terminal system 13, a PLC terminal control device 12, and an MQTT issuer 11, a PLC terminal system 13 and The PLC terminal control device 12 establishes a PLC connection, and the PLC terminal control device 12 establishes an Ethernet connection with the MQTT issuer 11.
  • the Ethernet connection may be a TCP/IP connection or a UDP/IP connection.
  • MQTT reduces the development complexity of the Internet of Things system, shortens the development cycle, and saves bandwidth by using the lightweight MTTT framework with low overhead.
  • MQTT has the following advantages: support for publish/subscribe model, provide one-to-many message distribution; decouple from application, simplify application development; message transmission is not aware of payload content; very small communication overhead; provide three different messages The level of delivery allows messages to reach their destinations as needed, adapting to the network transmission needs of unstable work; in short, the MQTT protocol is for remote sensors and control devices that have limited computing power and work in low-bandwidth, unreliable networks. Designed agreement.
  • the PLC terminal control device 12 of the embodiment of the present invention establishes an Ethernet connection with the MQTT issuer 11 and is suitable for control of a PLC terminal system in an environment of an unreliable network (such as in a network environment with insufficient bandwidth).
  • the application can control the MQTT publisher 11, the carrier of the application can be an application on the handheld terminal (such as an app on an Android mobile phone), or a management system on the server, and the MQTT publisher 11 issues a control message to the PLC.
  • Terminal control device 12 The PLC terminal control device 12 can be an access router (English: access router, abbreviated as AR), and can be embedded in any operating system (English: operating system, abbreviated as OS). Incoming equipment, etc.
  • the PLC terminal system 13 can be any smart device that needs to access the Internet of Things.
  • the application control PLC terminal system 13 is mainly divided into two parts: subscription and release, and the PLC terminal control device 12 serves as a bridge between the PLC terminal system 13 and the MQTT publisher 11 to process the subscription request of the PLC terminal system 13 and the MQTT.
  • the control message issued by the publisher 11 is forwarded to the PLC terminal system 13 to implement control of the PLC terminal system 13.
  • the PLC terminal control device 12 receives the subscription request transmitted by the PLC terminal system 13 via the PLC connection.
  • the PLC terminal system 13 can be regarded as a subscriber in the MQTT system, and the PLC terminal control device 12 is regarded as an MQTT.
  • a broker in the system in a specific embodiment, the PLC terminal control device 12 may be an MQTT service gateway.
  • the subscription request includes a PLC terminal system identification and a topic that controls the PLC terminal system. Since the PLC terminal control device 12 can receive the subscription request of any PLC terminal system, the application needs to perform different control on multiple PLC terminal systems, or perform one subject control on a part of the PLC terminal system, and perform another topic on the PLC terminal system. Another subject of control, therefore, carries the PLC terminal system identifier in the subscription request, the identifier corresponds to the PLC terminal system, the topic indicates which control to receive the application, of course, the theme can be associated with one or more PLCs The identifier of the terminal system corresponds to that the subject of the PLC terminal system subscription is the same.
  • the PLC terminal control device 12 After receiving the subscription request, the PLC terminal control device 12 establishes a correspondence between the topic and the PLC terminal system identifier in the mapping table according to the subscription request, and then responds to the subscription request according to the correspondence, that is, according to the correspondence between the theme and the PLC terminal system identifier.
  • the relationship sends a subscription response message to the PLC terminal system 13, the subscription response message including the subject, and the PLC terminal system 13 receives the subscription response message.
  • the above has completed the subscription of the PLC terminal system 13 to the PLC terminal control device 12, and the PLC terminal system 13 has notified the subject to which the PLC terminal control device 12 is to subscribe.
  • the subscription is successful, waiting for the MQTT publisher 11 to issue a control message.
  • the PLC terminal control device 12 is further configured to receive a control message issued by the MQTT publisher 11, the control message including a control word and a topic, and the control word is used to control the operation of the subject.
  • the PLC terminal control device 12 is further configured to send a control message to the PLC terminal system 13 according to the correspondence between the subject and the PLC terminal system identification.
  • the MQTT publisher 11 sends an Ethernet encapsulated control message to the PLC terminal control device 12 via an Ethernet connection.
  • the Ethernet encapsulated control message includes a control word and a subject, and the PLC terminal control device 12 decapsulates the control message according to the subject and the PLC terminal system identifier.
  • Corresponding relationship between the decapsulated control message is PLC encapsulation, and the control message for performing PLC encapsulation is sent to the PLC terminal system 13 corresponding to the PLC terminal system identifier, and the PLC terminal system 13 receives the control sent by the PLC terminal control device.
  • the message is decapsulated and the corresponding operation is performed according to the control message. It is worth noting that there may be multiple PLC terminal systems subscribed to the control of this topic. Therefore, the PLC terminal control device 12 can transmit the control message to the plurality of PLC terminal systems 13 respectively according to the one-to-many correspondence between the subject and the PLC terminal system identification.
  • the embodiment of the present invention utilizes the subscription/release mechanism of MQTT, and is applied to the PLC scenario. Since the bottom access terminal part adopts the PLC channel, the MQTT message is carried on the PLC, so that the application can and the bottom layer. PLC hardware decoupling, build a common middleware platform, making PLC control more intelligent, simple and flexible.
  • a power line carrier communication PLC terminal control device constructs a simple, intelligent and flexible IoT middleware platform, and carries a message queue telemetry transmission message on the PLC, which can adapt to poor communication conditions. Or it is not suitable for laying a network cable.
  • the PLC terminal system 13 includes a PLC terminal 131 and a PLC front end connected to the PLC terminal 131 ( PLC Front-End, PFE) 132.
  • the PLC terminal control device 12 includes an MQTT agent 121 and a PLC Data Concentrator (PDC) 122 connected to the MQTT agent 121.
  • the PLC terminal system identifier is a PFE identifier.
  • the PLC terminal control device 12 may be an MQTT service gateway.
  • three PLC terminals are illustrated, each PLC terminal connecting a PDC through its respective PFE.
  • the PLC terminal control device 12 is divided into the following two parts:
  • MQTT broker MQTT server. Upstream: Receives MQTT packets from the PDC. Downstream: Receives the MQTT message from the MQTT publisher and sends it to the PDC.
  • PDC PLC data concentrator. Upstream: responsible for receiving the message sent by the PLC channel, removing the PLC frame header, extracting the payload (MQTT message), and then sending it to the MQTT proxy. Downstream: responsible for receiving the MQTT message sent by the MQTT proxy, plus the PLC frame header, let the MQTT be carried on the PLC and sent to the peer PFE module through the PLC channel.
  • the PDC is a hardware card that can resolve the PLC signal card, and the gateway master CPU can be connected through the serial port or the Ethernet connection.
  • PLC terminal system 13 this part is the bottom access layer part, this terminal system is divided into two parts, one part is the "terminal" part shown in Figure 3, generally can be the switch, electric meter, camera, sensor, etc. of a third-party company
  • the other part is PFE):
  • the PLC front end is also the subscriber in the MQTT system.
  • Upstream The PFE is responsible for receiving data from the terminal of the serial channel and then using the data as the payload of the MQTT. Then add the MQTT message to the PLC frame header, and send the MQTT message to the PDC module at the opposite end of the PLC channel.
  • the PFE card can be connected to the terminal (switch, camera, etc.) through the serial port.
  • Part 1 Before the PFE and the PDC have no information to interact with each other, the PFE needs to register with the PDC first:
  • the PDC is configured to receive a registration request sent by the PFE, where the registration request carries a PFE identifier.
  • the PDC is configured to record the PFE identifier in a mapping table according to the registration request.
  • the PDC is further configured to send a registration response message to the PFE.
  • the PFE will carry its own registration PfeID and initiate a registration request to the PDC. After receiving the registration frame of the PFE, the PDC extracts the PfeID, records the PFE identifier in the mapping table, and sends a response message to the PFE. The registration is completed and the registration process is completed. finished.
  • the PFE can send a subscription request to the PLC terminal control device:
  • the PDC is further configured to receive the subscription request sent by the PFE, where the subscription request includes a PLC frame header and an MQTT subscription message, where the PFE identifier is carried in the PLC frame header, and the topic is carried in the In the MQTT subscription message.
  • the PDC is further configured to search the mapping table according to the PFE identifier, obtain an entry that includes the PFE identifier, and record the topic in the entry.
  • the PDC is further configured to delete the PLC frame header of the subscription request, obtain the MQTT subscription message, perform Ethernet encapsulation on the MQTT subscription message, and send the encapsulated MQTT subscription message to the MQTT proxy.
  • the MQTT proxy is further configured to receive the encapsulated MQTT subscription message.
  • the MQTT proxy is further configured to send the subscription response message to the PDC, where the subscription response message is an Ethernet encapsulated MQTT response message, where the subject is included in the MQTT response message.
  • the PDC is further configured to receive the subscription response message, decapsulate the subscription response message to obtain the MQTT response message, and search the mapping table according to the topic to obtain the PFE identifier; and the MQTT response message. Adding a PLC frame header including the PFE identifier, and transmitting an MQTT response message to which the PLC frame header is added to the PFE.
  • the PFE initiates a subscription request to the PLC terminal control device as a subscriber, and the subscription request includes a PLC frame header and an MQTT subscription message.
  • the MQTT subscription message is an MQTT message with a msgtype of CONNECT, and the MQTT subscription message carries a control PLC terminal.
  • the topic (such as "turning on the light"), as shown in Figure 3, the topic of the terminal 1 is “turning on the light", and the topic of the terminal 2 and the terminal 3 is "turning off the light”.
  • the PFE adds the MQTT subscription message to the PLC frame header, and carries the PfeID in the PLC frame header as the MQTT subscription request, and the MQTT
  • the subscription request is sent to the PDC.
  • the entry is found according to the PfeID in the PLC frame header, the PLC frame header of the subscription request is deleted, the MQTT subscription message is obtained, the topic in the MQTT subscription message is extracted, and the topic is stored in the entry.
  • the MQTT subscription message is then encapsulated in Ethernet, for example, TCP/IP encapsulation, that is, sent to the TCP/IP protocol stack, and the destination address is localhost: 1883, which is sent to the MQTT proxy.
  • Localhost refers to IP as the local machine, and 1883 is the port number agreed by the MQTT protocol.
  • the PFE After receiving the MQTT proxy, the PFE responds to the Ethernet-subscribed subscription response message destined for localhost:1883.
  • the Ethernet-encapsulated subscription response message contains the subject.
  • the subscription response message is the MQTT message with the msgtype being CONNACK.
  • This localhost:1883 The role of the PDC will be replaced, because the IP and port number are used for addressing in TCP/IP.
  • the Ethernet encapsulated subscription response message is decapsulated, the MQTT response message is extracted, and the MQTT response is extracted.
  • the topic in the message look up the mapping table, get the PfeID, and then send the MQTT response message with the PLC frame header added to the PFE of the peer through the PLC channel, and the PLC header contains the PfeID. So here, the PDC terminates the Ethernet bearer and replaces it with the PLC to carry the MQTT application, relying on the mapping relationship between PfeID and topic.
  • the PFE receives the MQTT response message sent by the peer PDC, deletes the PLC frame header, extracts the MQTT response message, and the subscription succeeds.
  • the PDC is further configured to receive the control message forwarded by the MQTT proxy, where the control message is an Ethernet encapsulated message sent by the MQTT publisher to the MQTT proxy;
  • the PDC is further configured to add a PLC frame header including the PFE identifier to the control message according to a correspondence between the topic and the PFE identifier in the mapping table, where the PLC frame header is added.
  • the control message is sent to the PFE.
  • the MQTT publisher stipulates a set of control words CtrlWord, for example: 0x01: turn on the PLC switch; 0x02: turn off the PLC switch (the example in this example is just the simplest scenario, CtrlWord can be expanded into more In the case, there can be more control functions).
  • the application calls the publisher process, and encapsulates CtrlWord as a payload in the Ethernet encapsulated control message.
  • the Ethernet encapsulated control message also contains a topic. There is a complete Ethernet link between the Publisher and the broker, so the MQTT Publisher sends the Ethernet encapsulated control message to the MQTT proxy based on the Ethernet connection.
  • the Ethernet-encapsulated control message structure that the MQTT publisher sends to the MQTT proxy over the Ethernet connection is shown in Figure 4a. Due to the sub/pub mechanism of MQTT, the publisher only needs to know the IP and port number of the broker, and does not need to care about the subscriber.
  • the MQTT proxy After receiving the control message encapsulated by the Ethernet, the MQTT proxy responds to the PFE with the message destined for localhost and enters the PDC module. PDC The module decapsulates the Ethernet encapsulated control message, obtains the decapsulated control message, further extracts the topic in the control message, searches the mapping table, and obtains the corresponding PfeID.
  • Eth PHY indicates: Ethernet physical layer frame header
  • Eth MAC indicates: Ethernet data link layer frame header
  • IP field includes: IP frame header
  • TCP field contains: TCP frame header
  • MQTT Msg type indicates the type of MQTT message
  • topic indicates topic
  • CtrlWord represents the control word.
  • PLC PHY indicates: PLC physical layer frame header
  • PLC MAC PfelD
  • PLC link layer frame header including PfeID
  • MQTT Msg type indicates the type of MQTT message
  • topic indicates topic
  • CtrlWord indicates control word.
  • a power line carrier communication PLC terminal control system constructs a simple, intelligent and flexible IoT middleware platform, and carries a message queue telemetry transmission message on the PLC, which can adapt to poor communication conditions. Or it is not suitable for laying a network cable.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a method for controlling a power line carrier communication terminal according to an embodiment of the present invention, which is applied to a PLC terminal control system, where the PLC terminal control system includes the PLC terminal system 13 and the PLC terminal shown in FIG. 2 .
  • the control device 12 and the MQTT issuer 11 establish a PLC connection with the PLC terminal control device, and the PLC terminal control device establishes an Ethernet connection with the MQTT issuer.
  • the Ethernet connection may be a TCP/IP connection or a UDP/IP connection.
  • the embodiment of the invention reduces the development complexity of the Internet of Things system, shortens the development cycle, and saves bandwidth by using the lightweight MTTT framework with low overhead.
  • MQTT has the following advantages: support for publish/subscribe model, provide one-to-many message distribution; decouple from application, simplify application development; message transmission is not aware of payload content; very small communication overhead; provide three different messages Pass the level, let the message reach the destination as needed, adapt to the unstable work
  • the network transmission requirements; in short, the MQTT protocol is a protocol designed for the communication of remote sensors and control devices with limited computing power and working in low-bandwidth, unreliable networks.
  • the PLC terminal control device 12 of the embodiment of the present invention establishes an Ethernet connection with the MQTT issuer 11 and is suitable for control of a PLC terminal system in an environment of an unreliable network (such as in a network environment with insufficient bandwidth).
  • the application can control the MQTT publisher 11, the carrier can be a handheld terminal (such as an app on an Android mobile phone), or a management system on the server, and the MQTT publisher 11 issues a control message to the PLC terminal control device 12.
  • the PLC terminal control device 12 may be an access router (AR), which may be an embedded device of any operating system (OS).
  • AR access router
  • OS operating system
  • the PLC terminal system 13 can be any smart device that needs to access the Internet of Things.
  • Step S101 Receive a subscription request sent by the PLC terminal system, where the subscription request includes a PLC terminal system identifier and a theme for controlling the PLC terminal system.
  • Step S102 Establish a correspondence between the topic and the identifier of the PLC terminal system in the mapping table according to the subscription request.
  • Step S103 Send a subscription response message to the PLC terminal system according to the correspondence, and the subscription response message includes the topic.
  • the application control PLC terminal system 13 is mainly divided into two parts: subscription and release, and the PLC terminal control device 12 serves as a bridge between the PLC terminal system 13 and the MQTT publisher 11 to process the subscription request of the PLC terminal system 13 and the MQTT.
  • the control message issued by the publisher 11 is forwarded to the PLC terminal system 13 to implement control of the PLC terminal system 13.
  • the PLC terminal control device 12 receives the subscription request transmitted by the PLC terminal system 13 via the PLC connection.
  • the PLC terminal system 13 can be regarded as a subscriber in the MQTT system, and the PLC terminal control device 12 is regarded as an MQTT.
  • a broker in the system in a specific embodiment, the PLC terminal control device 12 may be an MQTT service gateway.
  • the subscription request includes a PLC terminal system identification and a topic that controls the PLC terminal system. Since the PLC terminal control device 12 can receive the subscription request of any PLC terminal system, the application needs to perform different control on multiple PLC terminal systems, or perform one subject control on a part of the PLC terminal system, and perform another topic on the PLC terminal system. Another subject of control, therefore, carries the PLC terminal system identifier in the subscription request, the identifier corresponds to the PLC terminal system, the topic indicates which control to receive the application, of course, the theme can be associated with one or more PLCs The identifier of the terminal system corresponds to that the subject of the PLC terminal system subscription is the same.
  • the PLC terminal control device 12 After receiving the subscription request, the PLC terminal control device 12 establishes a correspondence between the theme and the PLC terminal system identifier in the mapping table according to the subscription request. And then responding to the subscription request according to the correspondence, that is, according to the correspondence between the subject and the PLC terminal system identifier, sending a subscription response message to the PLC terminal system 13, the subscription response message includes a subject, and the PLC terminal system 13 receives the subscription. Response message.
  • the above has completed the subscription of the PLC terminal system 13 to the PLC terminal control device 12, and the PLC terminal system 13 has notified the subject to which the PLC terminal control device 12 is to subscribe.
  • the subscription is successful, waiting for the MQTT publisher 11 to issue a control message.
  • Step S104 Receive a control message issued by the MQTT publisher, where the control message includes a control word and the topic, and the control word is used to control an operation on the topic.
  • Step S105 Send the control message to the PLC terminal system according to the correspondence.
  • the MQTT publisher 11 sends an Ethernet encapsulated control message to the PLC terminal control device 12 via an Ethernet connection.
  • the Ethernet encapsulated control message includes a control word and a subject, and the PLC terminal control device 12 decapsulates the control message according to the subject and the PLC terminal system identifier.
  • Corresponding relationship between the decapsulated control message is PLC encapsulation, and the control message for performing PLC encapsulation is sent to the PLC terminal system 13 corresponding to the PLC terminal system identifier, and the PLC terminal system 13 receives the control sent by the PLC terminal control device.
  • the message is decapsulated and the corresponding operation is performed according to the control message.
  • the PLC terminal control device 12 may separately send the control message according to a one-to-many correspondence between the subject and the PLC terminal system identifier. To a plurality of PLC terminal systems 13.
  • the embodiment of the present invention utilizes the subscription/release mechanism of MQTT, and is applied to the PLC scenario. Since the bottom access terminal part adopts the PLC channel, the MQTT message is carried on the PLC, so that the application can and the bottom layer. PLC hardware decoupling, build a common middleware platform, making PLC control more intelligent, simple and flexible.
  • a power line carrier communication PLC terminal control method constructs a simple, intelligent and flexible IoT middleware platform, and the message queue telemetry transmission message is carried on the PLC, which can adapt to poor communication conditions. Or it is not suitable for laying a network cable.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of further refinement of the power line carrier communication terminal control method shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the PLC terminal system 13 includes a PLC terminal 131 and a PLC terminal 131 .
  • PLC terminal control device 12 includes an MQTT agent 121, and a PLC Data Concentrator (PDC) 122 connected to the MQTT agent 121, where the PLC terminal system identifier
  • PLC terminal control device 12 may be an MQTT service gateway.
  • three PLC terminals are illustrated, each PLC terminal connecting a PDC through its respective PFE.
  • the PLC terminal control device 12 is further divided into the following two parts:
  • MQTT broker MQTT server. Upstream: Receives MQTT packets from the PDC. Downstream: Receives the MQTT message from the MQTT publisher and sends it to the PDC.
  • PDC PLC data concentrator. Upstream: responsible for receiving the message sent by the PLC channel, removing the PLC frame header, extracting the payload (MQTT message), and then sending it to the MQTT proxy. Downstream: responsible for receiving the MQTT message sent by the MQTT proxy, plus the PLC frame header, let the MQTT be carried on the PLC and sent to the peer PFE module through the PLC channel.
  • the PDC is a hardware card that can resolve the PLC signal card, and the gateway master CPU can be connected through the serial port or the Ethernet connection.
  • PLC terminal system 13 this part is the bottom access layer part, this terminal system is divided into two parts, one part is the "terminal" part shown in Figure 3, generally can be the switch, electric meter, camera, sensor, etc. of a third-party company
  • the other part is the PFE: PLC front end, which is also the subscriber in the MQTT system.
  • Upstream The PFE is responsible for receiving data from the terminal of the serial channel and then using the data as the payload of the MQTT. Then add the MQTT message to the PLC frame header, and send the MQTT message to the PDC module at the opposite end of the PLC channel.
  • the PFE card can be connected to the terminal (switch, camera, etc.) through the serial port.
  • Part 1 Before the PFE and the PDC have no information to interact with each other, the PFE needs to register with the PDC first:
  • Step S201 The PDC receives a registration request sent by the PFE, where the registration request carries a PFE identifier.
  • Step S202 the PDC records the PFE identifier in a mapping table according to the registration request.
  • Step S203 the PDC sends a registration response message to the PFE.
  • the PFE will carry its own registration PfeID and initiate a registration request to the PDC. After receiving the registration frame of the PFE, the PDC extracts the PfeID, records the PFE identifier in the mapping table, and sends a response message to the PFE. The registration is completed and the registration process is completed. finished.
  • the PFE can send a subscription request to the PLC terminal control device:
  • Step S204 the PDC receives a subscription request sent by the PFE, where the subscription request includes a PLC frame header and an MQTT subscription message, where the PFE identifier is carried in the PLC frame header, and the topic is carried in the MQTT subscription. In the message.
  • Step S205 The PDC searches the mapping table according to the PFE identifier, and obtains an entry including the PFE identifier, and records the topic in the entry.
  • Step S206 the PDC deletes the PLC frame header of the subscription request, obtains the MQTT subscription message, performs Ethernet encapsulation on the MQTT subscription message, and sends the encapsulated MQTT subscription message to the MQTT. proxy.
  • Step S207 the MQTT proxy receives the encapsulated MQTT subscription message.
  • Step S208 The MQTT proxy sends a subscription response message to the PDC, where the subscription response message is an Ethernet encapsulated MQTT response message, and the subject is included in the MQTT response message.
  • Step S209 the PDC receives the subscription response message, decapsulates the subscription response message to obtain the MQTT response message, and searches the mapping table according to the topic to obtain the PFE identifier; the MQTT response message. Adding a PLC frame header including the PFE identifier, and transmitting an MQTT response message to which the PLC frame header is added to the PFE.
  • the PFE acts as a subscriber.
  • the PLC terminal control device initiates a subscription request, and the subscription request includes a PLC frame header and an MQTT subscription message.
  • the MQTT subscription message is an MQTT message whose msgtype is CONNECT
  • the MQTT subscription message carries a topic for controlling the PLC terminal (such as "turning on the light”
  • the topic of the terminal 1 is “turning on the light”
  • the topic of the terminal 2 and the terminal 3 is "turning off the light”.
  • the PFE adds the MQTT subscription message to the PLC frame header, carries the PfeID in the PLC frame header, and sends the MQTT subscription request to the PDC as an MQTT subscription request.
  • the entry After receiving the PDC, the entry is found according to the PfeID in the PLC frame header, the PLC frame header of the subscription request is deleted, the MQTT subscription message is obtained, the topic in the MQTT subscription message is extracted, and the topic is stored in the entry.
  • the MQTT subscription message is then encapsulated in Ethernet, for example, TCP/IP encapsulation, that is, sent to the TCP/IP protocol stack, and the destination address is localhost: 1883, which is sent to the MQTT proxy.
  • Localhost refers to IP as the local machine, and 1883 is the port number agreed by the MQTT protocol.
  • the PFE After receiving the MQTT proxy, the PFE responds to the Ethernet-subscribed subscription response message destined for localhost:1883.
  • the Ethernet-encapsulated subscription response message contains the subject.
  • the subscription response message is the MQTT message with the msgtype being CONNACK.
  • This localhost:1883 The role of the PDC will be replaced, because the IP and port number are used for addressing in TCP/IP.
  • the Ethernet encapsulated subscription response message is decapsulated, the MQTT response message is extracted, and the MQTT response is extracted.
  • the topic in the message look up the mapping table, get the PfeID, and then send the MQTT response message with the PLC frame header added to the PFE of the peer through the PLC channel, and the PLC header contains the PfeID. So here, the PDC terminates the Ethernet bearer and replaces it with the PLC to carry the MQTT application, relying on the mapping relationship between PfeID and topic.
  • the PFE receives the MQTT response message sent by the peer PDC, deletes the PLC frame header, extracts the MQTT response message, and the subscription succeeds.
  • Step S210 The PDC receives the control message forwarded by the MQTT proxy, where the control message is an Ethernet encapsulated message sent by the MQTT publisher to the MQTT proxy.
  • Step S211 the PDC adds a PLC frame header including the PFE identifier to the control message according to the correspondence between the topic and the PFE identifier in the mapping table, and adds the PLC frame header.
  • the control message is sent to the PFE.
  • the MQTT publisher stipulates a set of control words CtrlWord, for example: 0x01: turn on the PLC switch; 0x02: turn off the PLC switch (the example in this example is just the simplest scenario, CtrlWord can be expanded into more In the case, there can be more control functions).
  • the application calls the publisher process, and encapsulates CtrlWord as a payload in the Ethernet encapsulated control message.
  • the Ethernet encapsulated control message also contains a topic. There is a complete Ethernet link between the Publisher and the broker, so the MQTT Publisher sends the Ethernet encapsulated control message to the MQTT proxy based on the Ethernet connection.
  • the Ethernet-encapsulated control message structure that the MQTT publisher sends to the MQTT proxy over the Ethernet connection is shown in Figure 4a. Due to the sub/pub mechanism of MQTT, the publisher only needs to know the IP and port number of the broker, and does not need to care about the subscriber.
  • the MQTT proxy After receiving the control message encapsulated by the Ethernet, the MQTT proxy responds to the PFE with the message destined for localhost and enters the PDC module.
  • the PDC module decapsulates the Ethernet encapsulated control message, obtains the decapsulated control message, further extracts the topic in the control message, searches the mapping table, and obtains the corresponding PfeID.
  • a power line carrier communication PLC terminal control system constructs a simple, intelligent and flexible IoT middleware platform, and carries a message queue telemetry transmission message on the PLC, which can adapt to poor communication conditions. Or it is not suitable for laying a network cable.
  • Computer readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one location to another.
  • a storage medium may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer.
  • the computer readable medium may include a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), and an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (Electrically Erasable Programmable).
  • EEPROM Electrically Error Read-Only Memory
  • CD-ROM Compact Disc Read-Only Memory
  • Any connection may suitably be a computer readable medium.
  • the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave, Then coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL or wireless technologies such as infrared, wireless and microwave are included in the fixing of the associated medium.
  • DSL Digital Subscriber Line
  • a disk and a disc include a compact disc (CD), a laser disc, a compact disc, a digital versatile disc (DVD), a floppy disk, and a Blu-ray disc, wherein the disc is usually magnetically copied, and the disc is The laser is used to optically replicate the data. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of the computer readable media.

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Abstract

一种PLC终端控制装置、系统及方法。控制系统包括PLC终端系统、控制装置和MQTT发布器，控制装置与终端系统建立PLC连接、与发布器建立以太连接；该装置用于接收PLC终端系统发送的订阅请求，订阅请求包括PLC终端系统标识以及控制PLC终端系统的主题；根据订阅请求在映射表中建立主题与PLC终端系统标识的对应关系，根据对应关系将订阅响应消息发送给PLC终端系统，订阅响应消息包括主题；接收MQTT发布器发布的控制消息，控制消息包括控制字和主题，控制字用于控制对主题的操作；根据对应关系，将控制消息发送给PLC终端系统。本发明构建了一个简易、智能、灵活的物联网中间件平台，将MQTT消息承载在PLC上，能够适应通信条件差或不适合铺设网线的场景。

Description

一种电力线载波通讯终端控制装置、系统及方法
本申请要求于2014年11月7日提交中国专利局、申请号为201410625747.6、发明名称为“一种电力线载波通讯终端控制装置、系统及方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及物联网领域，尤其涉及一种电力线载波通讯终端控制装置、系统及方法。
背景技术
随着物联网技术逐渐兴起，物联网在智能家居、智能楼宇、智能抄表中的应用越来越多。物联网的底层接入网络有电力线载波通讯(英文：Power Line Carrier，简称：PLC)、紫蜂协议(英文：Zigbee)、基于IEEE 802.11b标准的无线局域网协议(英文：Wireless-Fidelity，简称：Wi-Fi)、以太等，其中PLC由于其特有的优点，得到广泛青睐。PLC可以直接利用已有的配电网络作为传输线路，而电力线是覆盖范围最广的网络，它的规模是其他任何网络无法比拟的，因此，PLC可以轻松地渗透到每个家庭，为物联网的发展创造极大的空间。
现有的物联网不像传统数据通信网络那样各个层次比较分明，并且每个层次都有统一的协议。在实现物联网时，各个厂家定义的层次和每层的协议不太一样，而且很多都是自己的私有协议，不利于多种厂家的设备互通。有一些大型厂商的物联网产品各层协议设计的很复杂，优点是功能比较强大，缺点是过于复杂，不适合中小型系统或通信质量较差的场景下的物联网系统开发。如图1所示的现有的终端控制系统架构图中，整个系统被分为四至五层：最顶端的是应用及管理平台，负责总体的控制以及管理；往下一层是采集器，和管理平台通过传输控制协议(英文：Transmission Control Protocol，简称：TCP)/因特网协议(英文：Internet Protocol，简称：IP)通信，负责数据存储、采集、计算；其中，TCP/IP协议又称为网络通信协议；再往下一层是物联网关，和采集器通过TCP/IP协议通信，负责发现终端，管理终端入网；最底层就是终端，所述终端和网关通过以太网协议或Wi-Fi通信。所以现有技术中，控制命令从应用下发到终端要经过四个层次。该控制系统功能很全，也便于扩展，但是所需的硬件较多，软硬件开发难度较大，并且负荷过重，不利于中小型系统的控制和调度。
一些小厂商和大厂商的做法就是两个极端，多数直接控制物联网终端，即将业务承 载在协议中，不够灵活，不利于功能扩展，也不利于多种终端的适配。
综上所述，需要一种灵活的、能够适应通信条件差的环境的终端控制技术。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种电力线载波通讯PLC终端控制装置、系统及方法，以构建一个简易、智能、灵活的物联网中间件平台，能够适应通信条件差或不适合铺设网线的场景。
第一方面，本发明提供了一种电力线载波通讯PLC终端控制装置，应用于PLC终端控制系统，所述PLC终端控制系统包括所述装置、PLC终端系统和消息队列遥测传输MQTT发布器，所述装置与所述PLC终端系统建立PLC连接，所述装置与所述MQTT发布器建立以太连接；
所述装置用于接收所述PLC终端系统发送的订阅请求，所述订阅请求包括PLC终端系统标识以及控制所述PLC终端系统的主题；根据所述订阅请求在映射表中建立所述主题与所述PLC终端系统标识的对应关系，根据所述对应关系将订阅响应消息发送给所述PLC终端系统，所述订阅响应消息包括所述主题；接收所述MQTT发布器发布的控制消息，所述控制消息包括控制字和所述主题，所述控制字用于控制对所述主题的操作；根据所述对应关系，将所述控制消息发送给所述PLC终端系统。
在第一种可能的实现方式中，所述装置还用于在接收到所述PLC终端系统发送的订阅请求前，接收所述PLC终端系统发送的注册请求，所述注册请求携带所述PLC终端系统标识；根据所述注册请求在所述映射表中记录所述PLC终端系统标识；向所述PLC终端系统发送所述注册响应消息；
其中，当建立所述主题与所述PLC终端系统标识的对应关系时，所述装置具体用于：根据所述订阅请求中的所述PLC终端系统标识查找所述映射表，得到包括所述PLC终端系统标识的表项，将所述主题记录在所述表项中。
结合第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式中，所述PLC终端系统包括PLC终端、与所述PLC终端连接的PLC前端PFE，所述装置包括MQTT代理、与所述MQTT代理连接的PLC数据集中器PDC，所述PLC终端系统标识为PFE标识；
所述PDC用于接收所述PFE发送的所述订阅请求，所述订阅请求包括PLC帧头以及MQTT订阅消息，所述PFE标识携带在所述PLC帧头中，所述主题携带在所述MQTT订阅消息中；根据所述PFE标识查找所述映射表，得到包括所述PFE标识的表项，将 所述主题记录在所述表项中；删除所述订阅请求的PLC帧头，得到所述MQTT订阅消息，对所述MQTT订阅消息进行以太封装，将所述封装后的MQTT订阅消息发送给所述MQTT代理；
所述MQTT代理用于接收所述封装后的MQTT订阅消息。
结合第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式，在第三种可能的实现方式中，所述MQTT代理还用于将所述订阅响应消息发送给所述PDC，所述订阅响应消息为以太封装的MQTT响应消息，所述MQTT响应消息中包括所述主题；
所述PDC还用于接收所述订阅响应消息，对所述订阅响应消息解封装得到所述MQTT响应消息，根据所述主题查找所述映射表，得到所述PFE标识；为所述MQTT响应消息添加包括所述PFE标识的PLC帧头，将添加了所述PLC帧头的MQTT响应消息发送给所述PFE。
结合第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式或第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式，在第四种可能的实现方式中，所述PDC还用于接收所述MQTT代理转发的所述控制消息，所述控制消息是所述MQTT发布器发送给所述MQTT代理的以太封装的消息；解除所述控制消息的以太封装；根据所述映射表中所述主题与所述PFE标识的对应关系，为所述控制消息添加包括所述PFE标识的PLC帧头，将添加了所述PLC帧头的所述控制消息发送给所述PFE。
第二方面，本发明提供了一种电力线载波通讯终端控制系统，包括第一方面或第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式或第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式或第一方面的第四种可能的实现方式所述的PLC终端控制装置、PLC终端系统和消息队列遥测传输MQTT发布器，所述PLC终端控制装置与所述PLC终端系统建立PLC连接，所述装置与所述MQTT发布器建立以太连接。
第三方面，本发明提供了一种电力线载波通讯PLC终端控制方法，应用于PLC终端控制系统，所述PLC终端控制系统包括PLC终端控制装置、PLC终端系统和消息队列遥测传输MQTT发布器，所述PLC终端控制装置与所述PLC终端系统建立PLC连接，所述PLC终端控制装置与所述MQTT发布器建立以太连接；
所述PLC终端控制装置执行所述方法，包括：
接收所述PLC终端系统发送的订阅请求，所述订阅请求包括PLC终端系统标识以及控制所述PLC终端系统的主题；
根据所述订阅请求在映射表中建立所述主题与所述PLC终端系统标识的对应关系；
根据所述对应关系将订阅响应消息发送给所述PLC终端系统，所述订阅响应消息包括所述主题；
接收所述MQTT发布器发布的控制消息，所述控制消息包括控制字和所述主题，所述控制字用于控制对所述主题的操作；
根据所述对应关系，将所述控制消息发送给所述PLC终端系统。
在第一种可能的实现方式中，所述在接收到所述PLC终端系统发送的订阅请求前，所述方法还包括：
接收所述PLC终端系统发送的注册请求，所述注册请求携带所述PLC终端系统标识；
根据所述注册请求在所述映射表中记录所述PLC终端系统标识；
向所述PLC终端系统发送所述注册响应消息；
其中，当建立所述主题与所述PLC终端系统标识的对应关系时，所述装置具体用于：根据所述订阅请求中的所述PLC终端系统标识查找所述映射表，得到包括所述PLC终端系统标识的表项，将所述主题记录在所述表项中。
结合第三方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第二种可能的实现方式中，所述PLC终端系统包括PLC终端、与所述PLC终端连接的PLC前端PFE，所述装置包括MQTT代理、与所述MQTT代理连接的PLC数据集中器PDC，所述PLC终端系统标识为PFE标识；
所述接收所述PLC终端系统发送的订阅请求，包括：
所述PDC接收所述PFE发送的所述订阅请求，所述订阅请求包括PLC帧头以及MQTT订阅消息，所述PFE标识携带在所述PLC帧头中，所述主题携带在所述MQTT订阅消息中；
所述PDC删除所述订阅请求的PLC帧头，得到所述MQTT订阅消息，对所述MQTT订阅消息进行以太封装，将所述封装后的MQTT订阅消息发送给所述MQTT代理；
所述MQTT代理接收所述封装后的MQTT订阅消息；
所述根据所述订阅请求在映射表中建立所述主题与所述PLC终端系统标识的对应关系，包括：
根据所述PFE标识查找所述映射表，得到包括所述PFE标识的表项，将所述主题记录在所述表项中。
结合第三方面的第二种可能的实现方式，在第三种可能的实现方式中，所述根据所述对应关系将订阅响应消息发送给所述PLC终端系统，包括：
所述MQTT代理将所述订阅响应消息发送给所述PDC，所述订阅响应消息为以太封装的MQTT响应消息，所述MQTT响应消息中包括所述主题；
所述PDC接收所述订阅响应消息，对所述订阅响应消息解封装得到所述MQTT响应消息，根据所述主题查找所述映射表，得到所述PFE标识；
所述PDC为所述MQTT响应消息添加包括所述PFE标识的PLC帧头，将添加了所述PLC帧头的MQTT响应消息发送给所述PFE。
结合第三方面的第二种可能的实现方式或第三方面的第三种可能的实现方式，在第四种可能的实现方式中，所述接收所述MQTT发布器发布的控制消息，包括：
所述MQTT代理接收所述MQTT发布器发布的控制消息，并将以太封装的所述控制消息转发给所述PDC；
所述PDC接收所述MQTT代理转发的所述控制消息；
所述根据所述对应关系，将所述控制消息发送给所述PLC终端系统，包括：
所述PDC解除所述控制消息的以太封装；
所述PDC根据所述映射表中所述主题与所述PFE标识的对应关系，为所述控制消息添加包括所述PFE标识的PLC帧头，将添加了所述PLC帧头的所述控制消息发送给所述PFE。
可见，根据本发明提供的一种电力线载波通讯PLC终端控制系统、装置及方法，构建了一个简易、智能、灵活的物联网中间件平台，将消息队列遥测传输消息承载在PLC上，能够适应通信条件差或不适合铺设网线的场景。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。
图1为现有的终端控制系统架构图；
图2为本发明实施例提供的一种电力线载波通讯PLC终端控制系统的架构图；
图3为对图2所示的电力线载波通讯终端控制系统进一步细化的架构图；
图4a为消息队列遥测传输MQTT发布器通过以太连接发送给MQTT代理的以太封装的控制消息结构示意图；
图4b为PLC数据集中器通过PLC连接发送给PLC前端的添加了PLC帧头的控制消息结构；
图5为本发明实施例提供的一种电力线载波通讯终端控制方法的流程示意图；
图6为对图5所示的电力线载波通讯终端控制方法的进一步细化的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明应用于物联网领域，例如应用于智能家居、智能楼宇、智能抄表等，对智能系统中的终端进行控制。本发明实施例构建了一个简易、智能、灵活的物联网中间件平台，将MQTT消息承载在PLC上，能够适应通信条件差或不适合铺设网线的场景。
请参阅图2，为本发明实施例提供的一种电力线载波通讯终端控制系统的架构图，该系统1000包括：PLC终端系统13、PLC终端控制装置12和MQTT发布器11，PLC终端系统13与PLC终端控制装置12建立PLC连接，PLC终端控制装置12与MQTT发布器11建立以太连接。其中，所述以太连接可以是TCP/IP连接或者UDP/IP连接。
本发明实施例借助轻量级的开销小的MQTT框架，减少物联网系统的开发复杂度，缩短开发周期，节约带宽。MQTT具有以下优点：支持发布/订阅模型，提供一对多的消息分发；与应用程序解耦，简化应用程序的开发；消息传输对载荷内容不感知；非常小的通信开销；提供三种不同消息传递等级，让消息能按需达到目的地，适应不稳定工作的网络传输需求；总之，MQTT协议是为大量计算能力有限，且工作在低带宽、不可靠的网络的远程传感器和控制设备通讯而设计的协议。MQTT需要一个底层网络，以太连接提供了保序可靠的连接，这对于简单、代码空间小、低成本的设备过于复杂。本发明实施例PLC终端控制装置12与MQTT发布器11建立以太连接，适用于不可靠网络的环境中(比如带宽不足的网络环境中)的PLC终端系统的控制。
应用程序可以控制MQTT发布器11，所述应用程序的载体可以是手持终端上的应用(比如Android手机上的app)，也可以是服务器上的管理系统，MQTT发布器11将控制消息发布给PLC终端控制装置12。PLC终端控制装置12可以是接入路由器(英文：access router，简称：AR)，可以是任意操作系统(英文:operating system,简称：OS)的嵌 入式设备等。PLC终端系统13可以是任何需要接入物联网的智能设备。
应用程序控制PLC终端系统13主要分为两个部分：订阅和发布，由PLC终端控制装置12作为PLC终端系统13和MQTT发布器11的中间的桥梁，处理PLC终端系统13的订阅请求和将MQTT发布器11发布的控制消息转发给PLC终端系统13，实现对PLC终端系统13的控制。具体地，PLC终端控制装置12接收PLC终端系统13通过PLC连接发送的订阅请求，这里，可以将PLC终端系统13看作MQTT体制中的订阅器(subscriber)，将PLC终端控制装置12看作MQTT体制中的代理(broker)，在具体的实施例中，该PLC终端控制装置12可以是MQTT服务网关。该订阅请求包括PLC终端系统标识以及控制PLC终端系统的主题(topic)。由于PLC终端控制装置12可以接收任一个PLC终端系统的订阅请求，应用程序需要对多个PLC终端系统进行不同的控制，或对一部分PLC终端系统进行一个主题的控制，对另一部分PLC终端系统进行另一个主题的控制，因此，在订阅请求中携带PLC终端系统标识，该标识与PLC终端系统一一对应，该主题表示接收应用程序哪一种控制，当然，该主题可以与一个或多个PLC终端系统的标识对应，表示这一组PLC终端系统订阅的主题相同。PLC终端控制装置12接收到订阅请求后，根据订阅请求在映射表中建立主题与PLC终端系统标识的对应关系，然后根据该对应关系对订阅请求进行响应，即根据主题与PLC终端系统标识的对应关系，将订阅响应消息发送给PLC终端系统13，该订阅响应消息包括主题，PLC终端系统13接收该订阅响应消息。以上完成了PLC终端系统13向PLC终端控制装置12的订阅，PLC终端系统13通知了PLC终端控制装置12所要订阅的主题。订阅成功，等待MQTT发布器11发布控制消息。
PLC终端控制装置12还用于接收MQTT发布器11发布的控制消息，所述控制消息包括控制字和主题，控制字用于控制对主题的操作。
PLC终端控制装置12还用于根据主题与PLC终端系统标识的对应关系，将控制消息发送给PLC终端系统13。
MQTT发布器11通过以太连接发送以太封装的控制消息给PLC终端控制装置12，该以太封装的控制消息包括控制字和主题，PLC终端控制装置12解封装该控制消息，根据主题与PLC终端系统标识之间的对应关系，将该解封装的控制消息进行PLC封装，并将进行PLC封装的控制消息发送给PLC终端系统标识对应的PLC终端系统13，PLC终端系统13接收PLC终端控制装置发送的控制消息，进行解封装，根据该控制消息执行相应的操作。值得说明的是，由于可能有多个PLC终端系统订阅了该主题的控制消 息，因此，PLC终端控制装置12可根据主题与PLC终端系统标识的一对多的对应关系，将该控制消息分别发送给多个PLC终端系统13。
本发明实施例借助了MQTT的订阅/发布机制，将其运用在PLC场景下，底层接入终端部分由于采用了PLC信道，所以要将MQTT报文承载在PLC之上，使得应用程序可以和底层PLC硬件解耦，构建一个通用的中间件平台，使得PLC控制更加智能、简便、灵活。
可见，根据本发明实施例提供的一种电力线载波通讯PLC终端控制装置，构建了一个简易、智能、灵活的物联网中间件平台，将消息队列遥测传输消息承载在PLC上，能够适应通信条件差或不适合铺设网线的场景。
请参阅图3，为对图2所示的电力线载波通讯终端控制系统进一步细化的架构图，在该控制系统1000中，PLC终端系统13包括PLC终端131、与PLC终端131连接的PLC前端(PLC Front-End，PFE)132，PLC终端控制装置12包括MQTT代理121、与MQTT代理121连接的PLC数据集中器(PLC Data Concentrator，PDC)122，在这里，PLC终端系统标识为PFE标识，在本实施例中，PLC终端控制装置12可以为MQTT服务网关。在图3中，示例了三个PLC终端，每个PLC终端通过其各自的PFE连接PDC。
具体地，在本发明实施例中，PLC终端控制装置12分为下面两部分：
a)MQTT代理(MQTT broker)：MQTT的服务者。上行：接收来自PDC的MQTT报文。下行：接收来自MQTT publisher的MQTT报文，发送给PDC。
b)PDC：PLC数据集中器。上行：负责接收PLC通道发来的报文，去掉PLC帧头，提取出payload(MQTT报文)，然后发送给MQTT代理。下行：负责接收MQTT代理发送的MQTT报文，加上PLC帧头，让MQTT承载在PLC之上，通过PLC信道发给对端PFE模块。这个PDC是一个硬件扣卡，能够解析PLC信号的扣卡，和网关主控CPU可以通过串口相连，也可以是以太连接。
PLC终端系统13，这部分是底层接入层部分，这个终端系统分为两部分，一部分是图3中所示“终端”部分，一般可以是第三方公司的开关、电表、摄像头、传感器等设备；另一部分是PFE)：PLC前端，也是MQTT体制中的subscriber。上行：PFE负责接收来自串口通道的终端上报数据，然后将数据作为MQTT的payload。再将MQTT报文添加PLC帧头，将MQTT报文发给PLC信道对端的PDC模块。PFE的扣卡可以通过串口连接在终端(开关、摄像头等)上。
具体地，下面通过对PLC终端控制装置的各个模块的功能介绍来描述如何控制PLC终端：
第一部分：在PFE与PDC没有任何的信息交互之前，PFE需要先向PDC注册：
PDC用于接收PFE发送的注册请求，所述注册请求携带PFE标识。
所述PDC用于根据所述注册请求，在映射表中记录所述PFE标识。
所述PDC还用于向所述PFE发送注册响应消息。
PFE会携带自身的标识PfeID，向PDC发起注册请求，PDC收到PFE的注册帧之后，提取PfeID，在映射表中记录PFE标识，再给PFE发送一个回应报文，建链完成，注册过程就完成了。
第二部分：注册之后，PFE可以向PLC终端控制装置发送订阅请求：
所述PDC还用于接收所述PFE发送的所述订阅请求，所述订阅请求包括PLC帧头以及MQTT订阅消息，所述PFE标识携带在所述PLC帧头中，所述主题携带在所述MQTT订阅消息中。
所述PDC还用于根据所述PFE标识查找所述映射表，得到包括所述PFE标识的表项，将所述主题记录在所述表项中。
所述PDC还用于删除所述订阅请求的PLC帧头，得到所述MQTT订阅消息，对所述MQTT订阅消息进行以太封装，将所述封装后的MQTT订阅消息发送给所述MQTT代理。
所述MQTT代理还用于接收所述封装后的MQTT订阅消息。
所述MQTT代理还用于将所述订阅响应消息发送给所述PDC，所述订阅响应消息为以太封装的MQTT响应消息，所述MQTT响应消息中包括所述主题。
所述PDC还用于接收所述订阅响应消息，对所述订阅响应消息解封装得到所述MQTT响应消息，根据所述主题查找所述映射表，得到所述PFE标识；为所述MQTT响应消息添加包括所述PFE标识的PLC帧头，将添加了所述PLC帧头的MQTT响应消息发送给所述PFE。
注册完成之后，PFE作为subscriber向PLC终端控制装置发起订阅请求，该订阅请求包括PLC帧头和MQTT订阅消息，在这里，MQTT订阅消息即msgtype为CONNECT的MQTT消息，MQTT订阅消息中携带控制PLC终端的topic(比如“开灯”)，如图3所示，终端1的topic为“开灯”，终端2和终端3的topic为“关灯”。然后PFE将MQTT订阅消息添加PLC帧头，将PfeID携带在PLC帧头中，作为MQTT订阅请求，将MQTT 订阅请求发送给PDC。PDC收到之后，根据PLC帧头中的PfeID找到表项，删除订阅请求的PLC帧头，得到MQTT订阅消息，提取MQTT订阅消息中的topic，将topic存入该表项中。然后将MQTT订阅消息进行以太封装，例如进行TCP/IP封装，即送入TCP/IP协议栈，目的地址为localhost:1883，发送给MQTT代理。Localhost指的是IP为本机，1883是MQTT协议约定的端口号。
MQTT代理收到之后，给PFE回应目的为localhost:1883的以太封装的订阅响应消息，该以太封装的订阅响应消息包含主题，在这里，订阅响应消息即msgtype为CONNACK的MQTT消息，这个localhost:1883的作用到了PDC将会被取代，因为IP和端口号是在TCP/IP中用来寻址的，到了PDC，将以太封装的订阅响应消息解封装，提取出MQTT响应消息，再提取出MQTT响应消息中的topic，查找映射表，得到PfeID，然后将添加了PLC帧头的MQTT响应消息通过PLC信道发送给对端的PFE，该PLC帧头中包含PfeID。所以在这里，PDC终结了以太承载，换成PLC来承载MQTT应用，依靠PfeID和topic的映射关系来寻址。
PFE收到对端PDC发送来的MQTT响应消息，删除PLC帧头，提取MQTT响应消息，订阅成功。
第三部分：订阅成功后，等待MQTT发布器发布控制消息：
所述PDC还用于接收所述MQTT代理转发的所述控制消息，所述控制消息是所述MQTT发布器发送给所述MQTT代理的以太封装的消息；
所述PDC还用于根据所述映射表中所述主题与所述PFE标识的对应关系，为所述控制消息添加包括所述PFE标识的PLC帧头，将添加了所述PLC帧头的所述控制消息发送给所述PFE。
MQTT发布器，即MQTT体制中的publisher，约定一套控制字CtrlWord，例如：0x01：打开PLC开关；0x02：关闭PLC开关(本例的举例只是举了最简单的场景，CtrlWord可以扩展成更多中情况，可以有更多的控制功能)。应用程序调用publisher进程，将CtrlWord作为有效载荷(payload)封装在以太封装的控制消息中，该以太封装的控制消息中还包含topic。Publisher和broker之间是完整的以太链路，所以MQTT发布器基于以太连接将以太封装的控制消息发送给MQTT代理。MQTT发布器通过以太连接发送给MQTT代理的以太封装的控制消息结构如图4a所示。由于MQTT的sub/pub机制，publisher只需要知道broker的IP和端口号即可，无需关心subscriber。MQTT代理收到以太封装的控制消息之后，给PFE回应目的为localhost的报文，进入PDC模块。PDC 模块将以太封装的控制消息解封装，得到解封装的控制消息，再进一步提取出控制消息中的topic，查找映射表，得到对应的PfeID。然后添加PLC帧头，将PfeID包含在PLC帧头中，将添加了PLC帧头的控制消息发送给PFE。PDC通过PLC连接发送给PFE的添加了PLC帧头的控制消息结构如图4b所示。PFE收到之后，解封装添加了PLC帧头的控制消息，提取控制消息中的CtrlWord，通过串口将控制指令发送给开关，控制开关亮灭。本例列举的是最简单的控制，如果控制功能需求增多，可以将控制指令定义为JSON消息格式添加到消息体中。
在图4a中，每个字段的含义如下：
Eth PHY表示：以太物理层帧头；Eth MAC表示：以太数据链路层帧头；IP字段包括：IP帧头；TCP字段包含：TCP帧头；MQTT Msg type表示MQTT消息的类型；topic表示主题；CtrlWord表示控制字。
在图4b中，每个字段的含义如下：
PLC PHY表示：PLC物理层帧头；PLC MAC(PfelD)表示：PLC链路层帧头，包含PfeID；MQTT Msg type表示MQTT消息的类型；topic表示主题；CtrlWord表示控制字。
从图4a和图4b两者的报文结构便可看出，本发明实施例设计的PLC终端控制装置通过PLC连接发送给PLC终端系统的报文明显要比传统的MQTT承载在TCP/IP之上更轻量级，更简易，同时又有很强的扩展性，优点颇多。
可见，根据本发明实施例提供的一种电力线载波通讯PLC终端控制系统，构建了一个简易、智能、灵活的物联网中间件平台，将消息队列遥测传输消息承载在PLC上，能够适应通信条件差或不适合铺设网线的场景。
请参阅图5，为本发明实施例提供的一种电力线载波通讯终端控制方法的流程示意图，应用于PLC终端控制系统，所述PLC终端控制系统包括图2所示的PLC终端系统13、PLC终端控制装置12和MQTT发布器11，所述PLC终端系统与所述PLC终端控制装置建立PLC连接，所述PLC终端控制装置与所述MQTT发布器建立以太连接。其中，所述以太连接可以是TCP/IP连接或者UDP/IP连接。
本发明实施例借助轻量级的开销小的MQTT框架，减少物联网系统的开发复杂度，缩短开发周期，节约带宽。MQTT具有以下优点：支持发布/订阅模型，提供一对多的消息分发；与应用程序解耦，简化应用程序的开发；消息传输对载荷内容不感知；非常小的通信开销；提供三种不同消息传递等级，让消息能按需达到目的地，适应不稳定工 作的网络传输需求；总之，MQTT协议是为大量计算能力有限，且工作在低带宽、不可靠的网络的远程传感器和控制设备通讯而设计的协议。MQTT需要一个底层网络，以太连接提供了保序可靠的连接，这对于简单的、代码空间小、低成本的设备过于复杂。本发明实施例PLC终端控制装置12与MQTT发布器11建立以太连接，适用于不可靠网络的环境中(比如带宽不足的网络环境中)的PLC终端系统的控制。
应用程序可以控制MQTT发布器11，载体可以是手持终端(比如Android手机上的app)，也可以是服务器上的管理系统，MQTT发布器11将控制消息发布给PLC终端控制装置12。PLC终端控制装置12可以是接入路由器(AR)，可以是任意操作系统(OS)的嵌入式设备。PLC终端系统13可以是任何需要接入物联网的智能设备。
具体地，下面通过以下方法步骤描述应用程序是如何控制PLC终端系统的：
步骤S101，接收PLC终端系统发送的订阅请求，所述订阅请求包括PLC终端系统标识以及控制所述PLC终端系统的主题。
步骤S102，根据所述订阅请求在映射表中建立所述主题与所述PLC终端系统标识的对应关系。
步骤S103，根据所述对应关系将订阅响应消息发送给所述PLC终端系统，所述订阅响应消息包括所述主题。
应用程序控制PLC终端系统13主要分为两个部分：订阅和发布，由PLC终端控制装置12作为PLC终端系统13和MQTT发布器11的中间的桥梁，处理PLC终端系统13的订阅请求和将MQTT发布器11发布的控制消息转发给PLC终端系统13，实现对PLC终端系统13的控制。具体地，PLC终端控制装置12接收PLC终端系统13通过PLC连接发送的订阅请求，这里，可以将PLC终端系统13看作MQTT体制中的订阅器(subscriber)，将PLC终端控制装置12看作MQTT体制中的代理(broker)，在具体的实施例中，该PLC终端控制装置12可以是MQTT服务网关。该订阅请求包括PLC终端系统标识以及控制PLC终端系统的主题(topic)。由于PLC终端控制装置12可以接收任一个PLC终端系统的订阅请求，应用程序需要对多个PLC终端系统进行不同的控制，或对一部分PLC终端系统进行一个主题的控制，对另一部分PLC终端系统进行另一个主题的控制，因此，在订阅请求中携带PLC终端系统标识，该标识与PLC终端系统一一对应，该主题表示接收应用程序哪一种控制，当然，该主题可以与一个或多个PLC终端系统的标识对应，表示这一组PLC终端系统订阅的主题相同。PLC终端控制装置12接收到订阅请求后，根据订阅请求在映射表中建立主题与PLC终端系统标识的对应关 系，然后根据该对应关系对订阅请求进行响应，即根据主题与PLC终端系统标识的对应关系，将订阅响应消息发送给PLC终端系统13，该订阅响应消息包括主题，PLC终端系统13接收该订阅响应消息。以上完成了PLC终端系统13向PLC终端控制装置12的订阅，PLC终端系统13通知了PLC终端控制装置12所要订阅的主题。订阅成功，等待MQTT发布器11发布控制消息。
步骤S104，接收所述MQTT发布器发布的控制消息，所述控制消息包括控制字和所述主题，所述控制字用于控制对所述主题的操作。
步骤S105，根据所述对应关系，将所述控制消息发送给所述PLC终端系统。
MQTT发布器11通过以太连接发送以太封装的控制消息给PLC终端控制装置12，该以太封装的控制消息包括控制字和主题，PLC终端控制装置12解封装该控制消息，根据主题与PLC终端系统标识之间的对应关系，将该解封装的控制消息进行PLC封装，并将进行PLC封装的控制消息发送给PLC终端系统标识对应的PLC终端系统13，PLC终端系统13接收PLC终端控制装置发送的控制消息，进行解封装，根据该控制消息执行相应的操作。值得说明的是，由于可能有多个PLC终端系统订阅了该主题的控制消息，因此，PLC终端控制装置12可根据主题与PLC终端系统标识的一对多的对应关系，将该控制消息分别发送给多个PLC终端系统13。
本发明实施例借助了MQTT的订阅/发布机制，将其运用在PLC场景下，底层接入终端部分由于采用了PLC信道，所以要将MQTT报文承载在PLC之上，使得应用程序可以和底层PLC硬件解耦，构建一个通用的中间件平台，使得PLC控制更加智能、简便、灵活。
可见，根据本发明实施例提供的一种电力线载波通讯PLC终端控制方法，构建了一个简易、智能、灵活的物联网中间件平台，将消息队列遥测传输消息承载在PLC上，能够适应通信条件差或不适合铺设网线的场景。
请参阅图6，为对图5所示的电力线载波通讯终端控制方法的进一步细化的流程示意图，在图3所示的控制系统1000中，PLC终端系统13包括PLC终端131、与PLC终端131连接的PLC前端(PLC Front-End，PFE)132，PLC终端控制装置12包括MQTT代理121、与MQTT代理121连接的PLC数据集中器(PLC Data Concentrator，PDC)122，在这里，PLC终端系统标识为PFE标识，在本实施例中，PLC终端控制装置12可以为MQTT服务网关。在图3中，示例了三个PLC终端，每个PLC终端通过其各自的PFE连接PDC。
具体地，在本发明实施例中，PLC终端控制装置12又分为下面两部分：
c)MQTT代理(MQTT broker)：MQTT的服务者。上行：接收来自PDC的MQTT报文。下行：接收来自MQTT publisher的MQTT报文，发送给PDC。
d)PDC：PLC数据集中器。上行：负责接收PLC通道发来的报文，去掉PLC帧头，提取出payload(MQTT报文)，然后发送给MQTT代理。下行：负责接收MQTT代理发送的MQTT报文，加上PLC帧头，让MQTT承载在PLC之上，通过PLC信道发给对端PFE模块。这个PDC是一个硬件扣卡，能够解析PLC信号的扣卡，和网关主控CPU可以通过串口相连，也可以是以太连接。
PLC终端系统13，这部分是底层接入层部分，这个终端系统分为两部分，一部分是图3中所示“终端”部分，一般可以是第三方公司的开关、电表、摄像头、传感器等设备；另一部分是PFE：PLC前端，也是MQTT体制中的subscriber。上行：PFE负责接收来自串口通道的终端上报数据，然后将数据作为MQTT的payload。再将MQTT报文添加PLC帧头，将MQTT报文发给PLC信道对端的PDC模块。PFE的扣卡可以通过串口连接在终端(开关、摄像头等)上。
下面具体地描述如何控制PLC终端系统：
第一部分：在PFE与PDC没有任何的信息交互之前，PFE需要先向PDC注册：
步骤S201，PDC接收PFE发送的注册请求，所述注册请求携带PFE标识。
步骤S202，所述PDC根据所述注册请求，在映射表中记录所述PFE标识。
步骤S203，所述PDC向所述PFE发送注册响应消息。
PFE会携带自身的标识PfeID，向PDC发起注册请求，PDC收到PFE的注册帧之后，提取PfeID，在映射表中记录PFE标识，再给PFE发送一个回应报文，建链完成，注册过程就完成了。
第二部分：注册之后，PFE可以向PLC终端控制装置发送订阅请求：
步骤S204，所述PDC接收所述PFE发送的订阅请求，所述订阅请求包括PLC帧头以及MQTT订阅消息，所述PFE标识携带在所述PLC帧头中，所述主题携带在所述MQTT订阅消息中。
步骤S205，所述PDC根据所述PFE标识查找所述映射表，得到包括所述PFE标识的表项，将所述主题记录在所述表项中。
步骤S206，所述PDC删除所述订阅请求的PLC帧头，得到所述MQTT订阅消息，对所述MQTT订阅消息进行以太封装，将所述封装后的MQTT订阅消息发送给MQTT 代理。
步骤S207，所述MQTT代理接收所述封装后的MQTT订阅消息。
步骤S208，所述MQTT代理将订阅响应消息发送给所述PDC，所述订阅响应消息为以太封装的MQTT响应消息，所述MQTT响应消息中包括所述主题。
步骤S209，所述PDC接收所述订阅响应消息，对所述订阅响应消息解封装得到所述MQTT响应消息，根据所述主题查找所述映射表，得到所述PFE标识；为所述MQTT响应消息添加包括所述PFE标识的PLC帧头，将添加了所述PLC帧头的MQTT响应消息发送给所述PFE。
注册完成之后，PFE作为subscriber向
PLC终端控制装置发起订阅请求，该订阅请求包括PLC帧头和MQTT订阅消息，在这里，MQTT订阅消息即msgtype为CONNECT的MQTT消息，MQTT订阅消息中携带控制PLC终端的topic(比如“开灯”)，如图3所示，终端1的topic为“开灯”，终端2和终端3的topic为“关灯”。然后PFE将MQTT订阅消息添加PLC帧头，将PfeID携带在PLC帧头中，作为MQTT订阅请求，将MQTT订阅请求发送给PDC。PDC收到之后，根据PLC帧头中的PfeID找到表项，删除订阅请求的PLC帧头，得到MQTT订阅消息，提取MQTT订阅消息中的topic，将topic存入该表项中。然后将MQTT订阅消息进行以太封装，例如进行TCP/IP封装，即送入TCP/IP协议栈，目的地址为localhost:1883，发送给MQTT代理。Localhost指的是IP为本机，1883是MQTT协议约定的端口号。
MQTT代理收到之后，给PFE回应目的为localhost:1883的以太封装的订阅响应消息，该以太封装的订阅响应消息包含主题，在这里，订阅响应消息即msgtype为CONNACK的MQTT消息，这个localhost:1883的作用到了PDC将会被取代，因为IP和端口号是在TCP/IP中用来寻址的，到了PDC，将以太封装的订阅响应消息解封装，提取出MQTT响应消息，再提取出MQTT响应消息中的topic，查找映射表，得到PfeID，然后将添加了PLC帧头的MQTT响应消息通过PLC信道发送给对端的PFE，该PLC帧头中包含PfeID。所以在这里，PDC终结了以太承载，换成PLC来承载MQTT应用，依靠PfeID和topic的映射关系来寻址。
PFE收到对端PDC发送来的MQTT响应消息，删除PLC帧头，提取MQTT响应消息，订阅成功。
第三部分：订阅成功后，等待MQTT发布器发布控制消息：
步骤S210，所述PDC接收所述MQTT代理转发的所述控制消息，所述控制消息是所述MQTT发布器发送给所述MQTT代理的以太封装的消息。
步骤S211，所述PDC根据所述映射表中所述主题与所述PFE标识的对应关系，为所述控制消息添加包括所述PFE标识的PLC帧头，将添加了所述PLC帧头的所述控制消息发送给所述PFE。
MQTT发布器，即MQTT体制中的publisher，约定一套控制字CtrlWord，例如：0x01：打开PLC开关；0x02：关闭PLC开关(本例的举例只是举了最简单的场景，CtrlWord可以扩展成更多中情况，可以有更多的控制功能)。应用程序调用publisher进程，将CtrlWord作为有效载荷(payload)封装在以太封装的控制消息中，该以太封装的控制消息中还包含topic。Publisher和broker之间是完整的以太链路，所以MQTT发布器基于以太连接将以太封装的控制消息发送给MQTT代理。MQTT发布器通过以太连接发送给MQTT代理的以太封装的控制消息结构如图4a所示。由于MQTT的sub/pub机制，publisher只需要知道broker的IP和端口号即可，无需关心subscriber。MQTT代理收到以太封装的控制消息之后，给PFE回应目的为localhost的报文，进入PDC模块。PDC模块将以太封装的控制消息解封装，得到解封装的控制消息，再进一步提取出控制消息中的topic，查找映射表，得到对应的PfeID。然后添加PLC帧头，将PfeID包含在PLC帧头中，将添加了PLC帧头的控制消息发送给PFE。PDC通过PLC连接发送给PFE的添加了PLC帧头的控制消息结构如图4b所示。PFE收到之后，解封装添加了PLC帧头的控制消息，提取控制消息中的CtrlWord，通过串口将控制指令发送给开关，控制开关亮灭。本例列举的是最简单的控制，如果控制功能需求增多，可以将控制指令定义为JSON消息格式添加到消息体中。
从图4a和图4b两者的报文结构便可看出，本发明实施例设计的PLC终端控制装置通过PLC连接发送给PLC终端系统的报文明显要比传统的MQTT承载在TCP/IP之上更轻量级，更简易，同时又有很强的扩展性，优点颇多。可见，根据本发明实施例提供的一种电力线载波通讯PLC终端控制系统，构建了一个简易、智能、灵活的物联网中间件平台，将消息队列遥测传输消息承载在PLC上，能够适应通信条件差或不适合铺设网线的场景。
需要说明的是，对于前述的各方法实施例，为了简单描述，故将其都表述为一系列的动作组合，但是本领域技术人员应该知悉，本发明并不受所描述的动作顺序的限制，因为根据本发明，某些步骤可以采用其他顺序或者同时进行。其次，本领域技术人员也 应该知悉，说明书中所描述的实施例均属于优选实施例，所涉及的动作和模块并不一定是本发明所必须的。
在上述实施例中，对各个实施例的描述都各有侧重，某个实施例中没有详述的部分，可以参见其他实施例的相关描述。
通过以上的实施方式的描述，所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到本发明可以用硬件实现，或固件实现，或它们的组合方式来实现。当使用软件实现时，可以将上述功能存储在计算机可读介质中或作为计算机可读介质上的一个或多个指令或代码进行传输。计算机可读介质包括计算机存储介质和通信介质，其中通信介质包括便于从一个地方向另一个地方传送计算机程序的任何介质。存储介质可以是计算机能够存取的任何可用介质。以此为例但不限于：计算机可读介质可以包括随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)、只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、电可擦可编程只读存储器(Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory，EEPROM)、只读光盘(Compact Disc Read-Only Memory，CD-ROM)或其他光盘存储、磁盘存储介质或者其他磁存储设备、或者能够用于携带或存储具有指令或数据结构形式的期望的程序代码并能够由计算机存取的任何其他介质。此外。任何连接可以适当的成为计算机可读介质。例如，如果软件是使用同轴电缆、光纤光缆、双绞线、数字用户线(Digital Subscriber Line，DSL)或者诸如红外线、无线电和微波之类的无线技术从网站、服务器或者其他远程源传输的，那么同轴电缆、光纤光缆、双绞线、DSL或者诸如红外线、无线和微波之类的无线技术包括在所属介质的定影中。如本发明所使用的，盘(Disk)和碟(disc)包括压缩光碟(CD)、激光碟、光碟、数字通用光碟(DVD)、软盘和蓝光光碟，其中盘通常磁性的复制数据，而碟则用激光来光学的复制数据。上面的组合也应当包括在计算机可读介质的保护范围之内。
总之，以上所述仅为本发明技术方案的较佳实施例而已，并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种电力线载波通讯PLC终端控制装置，应用于PLC终端控制系统，其特征在于，所述PLC终端控制系统包括所述装置、PLC终端系统和消息队列遥测传输MQTT发布器，所述装置与所述PLC终端系统建立PLC连接，所述装置与所述MQTT发布器建立以太连接；
    所述装置用于接收所述PLC终端系统发送的订阅请求，所述订阅请求包括PLC终端系统标识以及控制所述PLC终端系统的主题；根据所述订阅请求在映射表中建立所述主题与所述PLC终端系统标识的对应关系，根据所述对应关系将订阅响应消息发送给所述PLC终端系统，所述订阅响应消息包括所述主题；接收所述MQTT发布器发布的控制消息，所述控制消息包括控制字和所述主题，所述控制字用于控制对所述主题的操作；根据所述对应关系，将所述控制消息发送给所述PLC终端系统。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：
    所述装置还用于在接收到所述PLC终端系统发送的订阅请求前，接收所述PLC终端系统发送的注册请求，所述注册请求携带所述PLC终端系统标识；根据所述注册请求在所述映射表中记录所述PLC终端系统标识；向所述PLC终端系统发送所述注册响应消息；
    其中，当建立所述主题与所述PLC终端系统标识的对应关系时，所述装置具体用于：根据所述订阅请求中的所述PLC终端系统标识查找所述映射表，得到包括所述PLC终端系统标识的表项，将所述主题记录在所述表项中。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的装置，其特征在于，所述PLC终端系统包括PLC终端、与所述PLC终端连接的PLC前端PFE，所述装置包括MQTT代理、与所述MQTT代理连接的PLC数据集中器PDC，所述PLC终端系统标识为PFE标识；
    所述PDC用于接收所述PFE发送的所述订阅请求，所述订阅请求包括PLC帧头以及MQTT订阅消息，所述PFE标识携带在所述PLC帧头中，所述主题携带在所述MQTT订阅消息中；根据所述PFE标识查找所述映射表，得到包括所述PFE标识的表项，将所述主题记录在所述表项中；删除所述订阅请求的PLC帧头，得到所述MQTT订阅消息，对所述MQTT订阅消息进行以太封装，将所述封装后的MQTT订阅消息发送给所述MQTT代理；
    所述MQTT代理用于接收所述封装后的MQTT订阅消息。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的装置，其特征在于：
    所述MQTT代理还用于将所述订阅响应消息发送给所述PDC，所述订阅响应消息为以太封装的MQTT响应消息，所述MQTT响应消息中包括所述主题；
    所述PDC还用于接收所述订阅响应消息，对所述订阅响应消息解封装得到所述MQTT响应消息，根据所述主题查找所述映射表，得到所述PFE标识；为所述MQTT响应消息添加包括所述PFE标识的PLC帧头，将添加了所述PLC帧头的MQTT响应消息发送给所述PFE。
  5. 如权利要求3或4所述的装置，其特征在于：
    所述PDC还用于接收所述MQTT代理转发的所述控制消息，所述控制消息是所述MQTT发布器发送给所述MQTT代理的以太封装的消息；解除所述控制消息的以太封装；根据所述映射表中所述主题与所述PFE标识的对应关系，为所述控制消息添加包括所述PFE标识的PLC帧头，将添加了所述PLC帧头的所述控制消息发送给所述PFE。
  6. 一种电力线载波通讯PLC终端控制系统，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-5任意一项所述的PLC终端控制装置、PLC终端系统和消息队列遥测传输MQTT发布器，所述PLC终端控制装置与所述PLC终端系统建立PLC连接，所述装置与所述MQTT发布器建立以太连接。
  7. 一种电力线载波通讯PLC终端控制方法，应用于PLC终端控制系统，其特征在于，所述PLC终端控制系统包括PLC终端控制装置、PLC终端系统和消息队列遥测传输MQTT发布器，所述PLC终端控制装置与所述PLC终端系统建立PLC连接，所述PLC终端控制装置与所述MQTT发布器建立以太连接；
    所述PLC终端控制装置执行所述方法，包括：
    接收所述PLC终端系统发送的订阅请求，所述订阅请求包括PLC终端系统标识以及控制所述PLC终端系统的主题；
    根据所述订阅请求在映射表中建立所述主题与所述PLC终端系统标识的对应关系；
    根据所述对应关系将订阅响应消息发送给所述PLC终端系统，所述订阅响应消息包括所述主题；
    接收所述MQTT发布器发布的控制消息，所述控制消息包括控制字和所述主题，所述控制字用于控制对所述主题的操作；
    根据所述对应关系，将所述控制消息发送给所述PLC终端系统。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述在接收到所述PLC终端系统发送的订阅请求前，还包括：
    接收所述PLC终端系统发送的注册请求，所述注册请求携带所述PLC终端系统标识；
    根据所述注册请求在所述映射表中记录所述PLC终端系统标识；
    向所述PLC终端系统发送所述注册响应消息；
    其中，当建立所述主题与所述PLC终端系统标识的对应关系时，所述装置具体用于：根据所述订阅请求中的所述PLC终端系统标识查找所述映射表，得到包括所述PLC终端系统标识的表项，将所述主题记录在所述表项中。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于，所述PLC终端系统包括PLC终端、与所述PLC终端连接的PLC前端PFE，所述装置包括MQTT代理、与所述MQTT代理连接的PLC数据集中器PDC，所述PLC终端系统标识为PFE标识；
    所述接收所述PLC终端系统发送的订阅请求，包括：
    所述PDC接收所述PFE发送的所述订阅请求，所述订阅请求包括PLC帧头以及MQTT订阅消息，所述PFE标识携带在所述PLC帧头中，所述主题携带在所述MQTT订阅消息中；
    所述PDC删除所述订阅请求的PLC帧头，得到所述MQTT订阅消息，对所述MQTT订阅消息进行以太封装，将所述封装后的MQTT订阅消息发送给所述MQTT代理；
    所述MQTT代理接收所述封装后的MQTT订阅消息；
    所述根据所述订阅请求在映射表中建立所述主题与所述PLC终端系统标识的对应关系，包括：
    根据所述PFE标识查找所述映射表，得到包括所述PFE标识的表项，将所述主题记录在所述表项中。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述根据所述对应关系将订阅响应消息发送给所述PLC终端系统，包括：
    所述MQTT代理将所述订阅响应消息发送给所述PDC，所述订阅响应消息为以太封装的MQTT响应消息，所述MQTT响应消息中包括所述主题；
    所述PDC接收所述订阅响应消息，对所述订阅响应消息解封装得到所述MQTT响应消息，根据所述主题查找所述映射表，得到所述PFE标识；
    所述PDC为所述MQTT响应消息添加包括所述PFE标识的PLC帧头，将添加了所述PLC帧头的MQTT响应消息发送给所述PFE。
  11. 如权利要求9或10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述接收所述MQTT发布器发布的控制消息，包括：
    所述MQTT代理接收所述MQTT发布器发布的控制消息，并将以太封装的所述控制消息转发给所述PDC；
    所述PDC接收所述MQTT代理转发的所述控制消息；
    所述根据所述对应关系，将所述控制消息发送给所述PLC终端系统，包括：
    所述PDC解除所述控制消息的以太封装；
    所述PDC根据所述映射表中所述主题与所述PFE标识的对应关系，为所述控制消息添加包括所述PFE标识的PLC帧头，将添加了所述PLC帧头的所述控制消息发送给所述PFE。
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CN111654488A (zh) * 2020-05-27 2020-09-11 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 “三站合一”变电站及感知终端信息接入方法
CN111654488B (zh) * 2020-05-27 2022-08-02 中国电力科学研究院有限公司 “三站合一”变电站及感知终端信息接入方法
CN114584614A (zh) * 2022-01-17 2022-06-03 北京智芯微电子科技有限公司 用于智能终端与采集终端之间的信息交互方法

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