US5742666A - Emergency mobile telephone - Google Patents
Emergency mobile telephone Download PDFInfo
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- US5742666A US5742666A US08/317,663 US31766394A US5742666A US 5742666 A US5742666 A US 5742666A US 31766394 A US31766394 A US 31766394A US 5742666 A US5742666 A US 5742666A
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- telephone
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
- H04M1/72—Mobile telephones; Cordless telephones, i.e. devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route selection
- H04M1/724—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones
- H04M1/72403—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for local support of applications that increase the functionality
- H04M1/72418—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for local support of applications that increase the functionality for supporting emergency services
- H04M1/72424—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for local support of applications that increase the functionality for supporting emergency services with manual activation of emergency-service functions
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
- H04M1/26—Devices for calling a subscriber
- H04M1/27—Devices whereby a plurality of signals may be stored simultaneously
- H04M1/274—Devices whereby a plurality of signals may be stored simultaneously with provision for storing more than one subscriber number at a time, e.g. using toothed disc
- H04M1/2745—Devices whereby a plurality of signals may be stored simultaneously with provision for storing more than one subscriber number at a time, e.g. using toothed disc using static electronic memories, e.g. chips
- H04M1/2749—Automatic dialling or redialling systems, e.g. on off-hook or redial on busy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
- H04M1/66—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers with means for preventing unauthorised or fraudulent calling
- H04M1/677—Preventing the dialling or sending of predetermined telephone numbers or selected types of telephone numbers, e.g. long distance numbers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
- H04M1/72—Mobile telephones; Cordless telephones, i.e. devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route selection
- H04M1/724—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
- H04M1/72—Mobile telephones; Cordless telephones, i.e. devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route selection
- H04M1/724—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones
- H04M1/72403—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for local support of applications that increase the functionality
- H04M1/72418—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for local support of applications that increase the functionality for supporting emergency services
- H04M1/72421—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones with means for local support of applications that increase the functionality for supporting emergency services with automatic activation of emergency service functions, e.g. upon sensing an alarm
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/02—Terminal devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/90—Services for handling of emergency or hazardous situations, e.g. earthquake and tsunami warning systems [ETWS]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W76/00—Connection management
- H04W76/50—Connection management for emergency connections
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to mobile telephone systems, and more particularly, to mobile telephone systems for us in an emergency situation. Even more particularly, the present invention relates to a cellular mobile telephone and system for automatically dialing an emergency telephone number and identifying the location of the emergency so that the proper authorities are notified.
- Cellular mobile telephone systems are known in the art. Cellular telephones for a given system operate within a predefined geographic region which is divided into several small service zones referred to as "cells.” Each cell includes one or more radio transmission stations, and the transmission stations form a radio network which links the cellular telephone transceiver with the local telephone network. As a result, cellular telephone users are able to make and receive telephone calls from anywhere within the geographic region.
- cellular telephone users are not excepted from emergency situations.
- a cellular telephone user driving in his or her vehicle may be involved in an accident.
- a cellular telephone user may suffer serious injury resulting from an accident caused by faulty equipment at a job site.
- a cellular telephone user might be assaulted, become seriously ill, or get lost in an unfamiliar area. In any of these situations, it is important that the cellular telephone user receive emergency help quickly.
- cellular telephones were useful only to a limited degree in the event that the user was involved in some type of emergency.
- the cellular telephone user can simply dial an emergency number on the cellular telephone and request help.
- the emergency number could be the number for the local police, the paramedics, 911, etc.
- the cellular telephone user is unable to dial such an emergency number using the cellular telephone.
- the user may lose consciousness.
- the user may be disoriented and incoherent, and thus unable to make an emergency call.
- the cellular telephone user could be assaulted and thus be prevented from using the telephone to call for help.
- the cellular telephone user could be able to dial out and make a call in the event of an emergency, circumstances can arise where the user is unable to communicate with the person receiving the telephone call.
- the cellular telephone user may be unable to explain that an emergency situation exists. For example, the user could be injured to the extent that he or she loses consciousness shortly after making the call.
- the user might be able to dial secretly; however, the user may not be able to communicate openly after the call has been made.
- the receiving party would be unable to determine the purpose of the call or the identity or location of the caller.
- a cellular telephone and system which can identify the location of a user in an emergency so that help can be provided.
- a cellular telephone system which can convey location information regarding the cellular telephone user to the appropriate authorities so that help can be provided.
- a cellular telephone and system which can update the user location information during an emergency so that help can be provided even if the user is immobilized or unconscious.
- the present invention overcomes the aforementioned shortcomings of the known cellular telephones and systems and provides an improved cellular telephone and system for making and receiving emergency telephone calls.
- the present invention is summarized and described in detail below.
- a cellular mobile telephone and system wherein the cellular telephone automatically dials one or more prescribed emergency telephone numbers in the event of an emergency. Automatic dialing of an emergency telephone number is initiated by the user pressing a dedicated pushbutton on the cellular telephone handset, or alternatively, upon the occurrence of an accident which is detected by the cellular telephone.
- the cellular telephone After the cellular telephone dials the predetermined emergency number, the cellular telephone plays a recorded message which indicates that an emergency has occurred and that the cellular telephone user is in distress. Alternatively, the cellular telephone user is allowed to participate in the emergency call upon receiving notification that the cellular telephone has successfully completed the automatic dialing and a connection has been established.
- an emergency cellular telephone for use by a cellular telephone user in a cellular telephone system, such telephone including receiving means for receiving cellular radio communications within the system, transmitting means for transmitting cellular radio communications within the system, and automatic dialing means for dialing a prescribed emergency telephone number in response to a prescribed input.
- an emergency mobile cellular telephone system within which a cellular telephone user having a cellular telephone can make and receive telephone calls, such system including means for making and receiving cellular telephone calls using the cellular telephone, means for identifying the location of the cellular telephone user, and output means for communicating said location information.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an emergency cellular mobile telephone system in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cellular telephone in accordance with the present invention used in the system of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3A is a block diagram of the cellular telephone of FIG. 2 in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 3B is a flow chart showing the cellular telephone system logic for storing an emergency telephone number in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 3C is a flow chart showing the cellular telephone system logic for recording and storing an emergency message in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the location identification section of the cellular mobile telephone system in accordance with the present invention.
- FIGS. 6A and 6B are schematic diagrams showing two and three element arrays which are used in connection with one embodiment of the location identification section of FIG. 5;
- FIG. 7 is a schematic drawing of an alternate embodiment of an element array for use in the location identification section of FIG. 5;
- FIG. 9 is a flow chart showing the system logic for the location identification section of the cellular mobile telephone in accordance with the present invention.
- the cellular telephone system 10 of the present invention operates over a predefined geographic region 14.
- the geographic region 14 is divided into several small service zones referred to as "cells.”
- the cellular telephone 11 user in automobile 12 moves about within the geographic region 14 and through the cellular telephone system 10, the user remains in radio contact with the local telephone network.
- the user can place a telephone call to the local telephone network without necessarily having access to a standard telephone.
- Each cell in the region 14 has one or more rf transmission stations 18 which function to transmit and receive cellular information between the cellular telephone 11 user and the local telephone network.
- the user is always in radio contact with at least one of the rf transmission stations 18.
- the rf transmission station 18 which is located nearest the cellular telephone 11 user is utilized to maintain the radio contact with the cellular telephone.
- control of the radio link is handed off to the next rf transmission station 18 along the way, as is known.
- Each rf transmission station 18 in the cellular telephone system 10 is connected to a central control station 20 for the system 10 by way of a trunk 24.
- the necessary switching operations are performed to hand off control of the cellular communications with the cellular telephone 11, as is known.
- the central control station 20 is connected into the local telephone network 26 by trunk 28, thus providing the cellular telephone user with access to the local telephone network.
- the cellular telephone user in the automobile 12 may be involved in an emergency which involves, for example, hitting tree 29.
- the user becomes what is referred to herein as a "user in distress.”
- the present invention provides a cellular telephone which will automatically dial a preprogrammed emergency telephone number in case of such an emergency.
- the automatic dialing is initiated either by the user (if the user is conscious), or by the cellular telephone itself using some type of crash detector.
- a prerecorded emergency message requesting assistance is communicated over the telephone line to the party at the receiving end of the call.
- the cellular telephone also allows the user to interrupt the transmission of the prerecorded emergency message so that the user may provide his or her own message.
- the cellular telephone system 10 and cellular telephone 11 of the present invention engage in one or more of a variety of direction finding techniques which permit the system 10 to identify the precise location of the user in distress. After the location is determined, the location information is automatically communicated to the receiving party so that assistance may be dispatched promptly. If the preprogrammed emergency number is the telephone number of the police or sheriff's department, information on the location of the user is received directly, and help can be provided. Alternatively, the emergency telephone number can be a dedicated telephone number within the system 10. A central dispatcher at the central control station 20 receives the emergency call, records the relevant location information, and dispatches help by way of the appropriate authorities.
- the cellular telephone 11 in the automobile 12 includes an on board location identification system.
- the location identification system employs a navigation system or the like to determine the location of the user in distress. After the cellular telephone determines the specific location, the telephone automatically dials the preprogrammed emergency telephone number and communicates the location information to the receiving party.
- An example of an on board location identification system which can be used in the present invention is a global positioning system such as the GPS System sold by Rockwell International.
- the global positioning system employs a land-based unit in the cellular telephone which operates in conjunction with a satellite 35 to determine the exact location coordinates of the user in distress. The location coordinates are then transmitted over the cellular telephone line to the party whose emergency telephone number has been automatically dialed.
- Incoming telephone calls to the cellular telephone 50 are received at the antenna 30 and transceiver 54.
- the transceiver 54 decodes the radio signal, and the audio signal is provided to the handset 52 using conventional techniques.
- the cellular telephone 50 includes an emergency key 64 which, when depressed, causes the cellular telephone to dial automatically an emergency telephone number which is preprogrammed and stored in memory in the cellular telephone.
- an emergency key 64 which, when depressed, causes the cellular telephone to dial automatically an emergency telephone number which is preprogrammed and stored in memory in the cellular telephone.
- the preprogrammed telephone number could be that of the police, an emergency 911 service, an emergency service provided by the cellular telephone system 10, a family member, etc.
- the cellular telephone preferably includes a crash detector 66.
- the crash detector 66 upon detecting that an accident has occurred, sends an electrical control signal along cable 68 to the transceiver 54 instructing the cellular telephone 50 to dial automatically the emergency telephone number as if the emergency key 64 has been depressed.
- the crash detector 66 may include an impact sensor 66d (shown in FIG. 3A) such as an accelerometer 66a (shown in FIG. 3A), a sonic sensor 66c (shown in FIG. 3A) designed to detect breaking glass, a mechanical sensor 66d (shown in FIG.
- control unit 70 is a microcontroller which includes a central processing unit, an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter, a bi-directional I/O port and a pulse width modulation output.
- the central processing unit within the control unit 70 is programmable and may be programmed to perform all of the functions described herein, as will be apparent to those having ordinary skill.
- An example of a suitable control unit 70 is the commercially available S80C552 8-bit microcontroller manufactured by the Signetics Corp.
- the control unit 70 is connected to the rf circuit 72 by a bi-directional serial data and control line 78.
- the rf circuit 72 includes a receiver subsystem and transmitter subsystem (not shown), and the signal on line 80 from the audio and data processor 74 serves to modulate the transmitter subsystem.
- Line 81 connects the demodulated audio and control data signal from the rf circuit 72 receiver subsystem to the audio and data processor 74 which is coupled to the control unit 70 by way of a bi-directional data and control line 84.
- An exemplary audio and data processor 74 which can be used in accordance with the present invention includes the commercially available UMA1000 data processor manufactured and sold by the Signetics Corp.
- audio processors NE/SA5751 and NE/SA5750 also available from the Signetics Corp., are combined to form the audio and data processor 74.
- the control unit 70 is coupled to the solid-state recorder 77 by way of bi-directional serial data line 85 and control line 86.
- the solid-state recorder 77 receives and digitally records an analog signal via line 87 from the microphone 60.
- the outputs of the microphone 60 and the solid-state recorder 77 are coupled to the audio and data processor 74 by way of lines 88 and 89, respectively. Therefore, both conventional audio from the microphone 60 and a prerecorded audio message from the solid-state recorder 77 can be selectively input by the controller unit 70 to the audio and data processor 74.
- the audio is then provided along the modulation line 80.
- the prerecorded message from the solid-state recorder is stored in memory 91 via line 92.
- MSM6388 solid-state recorder from Oki Data is used in the preferred embodiment, although it will be appreciated that numerous other recorders will function equally as well. Moreover, although the MSM6388 is preferred due to its reduced bandwidth, standard A/D and D/A converters built into the control unit 70 and the audio and data processor 74 can be used as the solid-state recorder 77. However, it may be necessary to use a faster serial data bus or a parallel bus in order to transmit a digitized voice message, as will be appreciated.
- the user When the user wants to program a new emergency telephone number and/or emergency message into the cellular telephone 50, the user first sets the control unit 70 in the program mode by pressing the appropriate keys on the keypad 62.
- the key can be a dedicated function key (not shown), or a predefined sequence of keys which the control unit 70 recognizes as an instruction to enter the program mode.
- FIG. 3B a computer program flow chart representing the system logic for storing an emergency telephone number is shown.
- an appropriate computer program or series of steps or commands could be written by a person who has ordinary skill in the art, such as a computer programmer, to cause the circuitry and other components of the cellular telephone 50 to carry out the steps represented in the flow chart of FIG. 3B and in the other flow charts presented herein.
- Such computer program is referred to herein as the system program of the software program which may be stored in memory 76, as is referred to above.
- the system program operates in a conventional manner to carry out the normal functions provided by existing cellular telephones.
- the telephone is in a standby mode A which preferably is entered automatically when the telephone receives power.
- the user will request to record an emergency telephone number by pressing a predefined key sequence (or a dedicated key) on the cellular telephone keypad.
- the software program running on the cellular telephone's control unit 70 will determine if a valid digit 0-9 has been pressed, as is illustrated in steps 96 and 97. If a "valid" digit is pressed, the control unit 70 will store the digit along with subsequent "valid" key entries in the emergency telephone number storage area in the system's non-volatile memory 76, as is shown in step 98.
- the software program stops storing the telephone number, as is shown in step 100, and returns to step 95 before the user request to enter the emergency number is received.
- step 101 the user presses the abort key (that can be the CLR key or any other predefined key sequence, for example)
- the control unit 70 software program abandons storing the telephone number, as is shown in step 102, and returns to step 95 before the user request to enter the emergency number is received. If any other key is pressed, an error condition is indicated, as is illustrated in step .103, and the entry is ignored.
- the error can be indicated via an audible, visible, or an audible and visible signal from the handset display 60 and earpiece 58, for example.
- FIG. 3C illustrates the system logic for recording an emergency message in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
- the telephone is preferably in a standby mode A which occurs when power is applied to the telephone.
- the user will request to record an emergency message by pressing a predefined key sequence (or a dedicated key) on the cellular telephone keypad.
- the software program running on the cellular telephone control unit 70 will enable recording, as is shown in step 106.
- the software program causes the control unit 70 to enable the solid-state recorder 77 by way of the control line 86.
- step 107 the software program generates a tone on the earpiece 58 to signal the user to start speaking into the microphone 60.
- This signal can be an audible, visible, or an audible and visible signal.
- step 108 the user speaks into the microphone 60, and the audio signal on line 87 is input into the solid-state recorder 77, as is illustrated in FIG. 3A.
- the message is digitized and stored by the recorder 77, and the software program monitors the memory usage. If a memory overflow condition occurs in step 109, the program terminates recording by causing the control unit 70 to disable the solid-state recorder 77 in step 110.
- the program also notifies the user of the error condition by generating an error signal on the display, for example.
- the software program is interrupted.
- the asynchronous event causes the flow chart of FIG. 3C to be entered at line 105a following to block or step 111.
- the software program responds to keys as follows:
- step 111 the software program terminates recording by turning off the solid-state recorder 77, as is shown in step 112, and updates the internal data structures to reflect that a valid emergency message exists in memory. The program then returns to the original state in step 105.
- step 113 If the abort recording key is pressed in step 113 (this can be the CLR key or any other predefined key combination), the software program terminates recording by turning off the solid-state recorder 77 and updates the internal data structures in step 114 to reflect that a valid emergency message does not exist in memory. The software program then returns to step 105.
- step 115 If any other key or key sequence is pressed, the entry is ignored, as is illustrated in step 115, and the software program continues recording.
- the software program for the control unit 70 provides that when a user in distress depresses the emergency key 64, a control signal on line 116 causes the control unit 70 to access the emergency telephone number which had been stored previously in memory 76.
- the control unit 70 proceeds to retrieve the emergency number from memory 76 and goes through the same steps required to dial the telephone number as are otherwise taken when the user enters a telephone number and presses the SEND button to initiate a call.
- FIG. 4 A flow chart of the cellular telephone 50 system logic for automatically dialing the emergency telephone number is shown in FIG. 4.
- the cellular telephone 50 exists in the standby mode of state A where the telephone is fully operational as a cellular telephone for use in a conventional manner.
- the cellular telephone control unit 70 constantly monitors its inputs to determine whether a signal requesting that the emergency telephone number be automatically dialed has been received. Such signal can come from the emergency key 64 being depressed or, for example, from the crash detector 66 upon the detection of a crash.
- step 118 the control unit 70 determines whether a connection was made, as is shown in step 119. If the connection with the receiving party was made, the control unit 70 in step 120 causes the solid-state recorder 77 via control line 86 to retrieve the stored emergency message from memory 76 and to replay the message continuously over the voice channel to the receiving party.
- the digitized emergency message is reconverted into an analog signal using a D/A converter, preferably in the solid-state recorder 77 or in the audio and data processor 74.
- the analog emergency message signal is provided to the audio and data processor 74 along line 88 and is modulated onto the rf carrier through the rf circuit 72 by way of line 80.
- the emergency message is thereby transmitted to the receiving party so as to notify the party that the user is in distress. If, in step 119, the connection is not made, the control unit 70 of the cellular telephone 50 will return to step 118 and repeat the automatic dialing procedure.
- the user in distress has the option of interrupting the playing of the emergency message and instead talking with the receiving party. If the user is conscious, he or she may be able to describe the emergency and/or to communicate his or her location so that help can be provided. In order to interrupt the emergency message, the user simply depresses the appropriate key or sequence of keys on the handset 52 as described above.
- a sequence detector programmed into the control unit 70 will detect the interrupt sequence and allow the user to override the transmission of the emergency message by speaking into the microphone 60.
- step 121 the user may want to terminate the emergency dialing/message.
- the user simply depresses a dedicated function key or sequence of keys, resulting in an asynchronous event represented by line 121a which causes the control unit 70 in the cellular telephone 50 to return to state A.
- the control unit 70 detects such an occurrence and returns to state B in the system program.
- the cellular telephone 50 emits a location identification signal in addition to a prerecorded message in the event of an emergency.
- the location identification signal allows the cellular telephone system 10 to employ direction finding techniques such as triangulation to locate the user in distress.
- the cellular telephone 50 will simultaneously begin to emit a location identification signal after detecting the signal to dial the emergency number.
- the control unit 70 in the cellular telephone 50 causes the rf circuit 72 to begin transmitting a high-frequency signal which can be detected by two or more antennas at the surrounding rf transmission stations 18.
- the cellular system 10 is able to determine the location of the user using a location identification as is described below.
- the location identification signal preferably is transmitted from the cellular telephone 50 at an increased power level as compared to ordinary cellular communications.
- the increased power level will result in the signal reaching a greater number of rf transmission stations 18.
- the increased signal strength will provide even better resolution in locating the user in distress based on reduced signal degradation.
- a block diagram of the cellular telephone location identification system 123 is shown in FIG. 5.
- the location identification system 123 is part of the cellular telephone system 10, and antennas 18'a-18'c represent the respective antennas' elements at three of the surrounding rf transmission stations 18.
- these three antennas 18'a-18'c represent the antennas to which received signal strength of the location identification signal is greatest. Typically, this will be the antennas which are nearest the point where the user in distress is located. However, it is not necessary that the respective antennas be the nearest. It is only necessary that the antennas be properly positioned and receive a signal of sufficient strength to employ direction finding techniques such as triangulation.
- Each antenna element 18' functions as an element in an antenna array which enables the system 123 to locate the user using one or more known direction finding techniques. While it is preferred that the system 123 use three antennas in the array, it will be apparent that two or more antennas will provide the necessary location information. Moreover, each particular antenna element 18' can consist of either a single antenna or a plurality of antennas in a sub-array as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Furthermore, the antenna elements 18' can be comprised of the same antennas which are used at the rf transmission station 18 for ordinary cellular communications. Alternatively, the antenna elements 18' may be separate, dedicated antennas used predominantly in locating the user in distress. In addition, while the location system 123 is described as having the antenna elements 18' positioned at the same location as the rf transmission station 18, it will be apparent that the antenna elements 18' and the antenna array formed therefrom can consist of antennas positioned in alternate locations within the region 14.
- the cellular region 14 is subdivided into a grid array, and the location coordinates pinpoint the exact location of the user in distress.
- the output device 126 routes the location information along the telephone network to the proper authorities or, more specifically, to the party whose number is the emergency telephone number programmed in the cellular telephone.
- the specific technique of direction finding employed by the system 123 can include one or more of several techniques known in the field of direction finding.
- a known technique commonly utilized in the defense industry involves what is referred to as triangulation.
- such a system 123 employing triangulation techniques can be a scalar based system in which the location of the user in distress is determined from the amplitude or phase response from the antenna elements 18'.
- the system can be a vector based system in which both the amplitude and phase of the signals received at the elements 18' are processed in the receiving system 124 and DF processor 125 to determine the location of the user in distress.
- ambiguity can occur where location 130 appears to be an alternative location for the unit in distress.
- the circular lines 131 drawn about the elements 18'a and 18'b represent the respective received signal strength and/or phase of the location identification signal at each element.
- the ambiguity results from the elements 18'a and 18'b being rotated electrically 180°. While several methods are possible for resolving the ambiguity in order to determine the exact location of the unit in distress, the preferred embodiment of the present invention utilizes a three-element scalar system such as that which is shown in FIG. 6B.
- the three-element embodiment avoids the 180° ambiguity found in the two-element system.
- the three antenna elements are electrically rotated by the direction finding processor 125, as described above. Again, the azimuth angles ⁇ A and ⁇ B are determined in the direction finding processor 125 and triangulation principles are applied to identify the location of the user in distress. The location is converted to grid coordinates and is provided through the output device 126 to the receiving party.
- Still another suitable embodiment of the location identification system 123 involves the element 18' of FIG. 7 being pivotably mounted to the tower 137.
- the element 18' can be moved in precise fashion in both the azimuth and elevation directions.
- the antenna element 18' is able to determine the azimuth and elevation angles. Therefore, the location of the user in distress is again calculated based on the vector 136.
- Such a pivotably mounted, multiport array which is suitable for use in the present invention is commonly used with a monopulse comparator system, as will be appreciated by those having ordinary skill in the field of direction finding.
- any one or more of the above-described direction finding techniques and/or antenna arrays can be used for determining the location of the user in distress within the region 14.
- other variations are possible for use as part of the location identification system. Without going into an exhaustive recitation of the variety of direction finding techniques available, it should be appreciated that all are intended to be within the scope of the present invention as a part of an emergency mobile telephone system.
- some direction finding techniques are more subject than others to direct line-of-sight requirements between the cellular telephone antenna 30 and the system 123 antennas, it will be appreciated that one or more direction finding techniques will work in most environments. Therefore, although tall buildings, trees, etc may complicate processing in the direction finding processor 125, they certainly will not prevent identifying the location of the user in distress.
- the cellular telephone 50 serves primarily in a passive role in the location identification system.
- the cellular telephone 50 simply emits a distress signal which is then received and processed at the central control station 20 using the system 123.
- the cellular telephone 50 plays an active role in determining the location of the user in distress.
- the cellular telephone 50 employs an internal navigation system, or portion thereof, which is capable of determining the location of the user in distress and communicating the information to the central control station 20.
- the central control station in turn relays the location information to the receiving party.
- the internal navigation system is included in the cellular telephone 50 as a location identification circuit 140 (FIG. 3).
- the control unit activates the location identification circuit 140.
- the location identification circuit 140 in combination with the control unit 70 receive position information through the rf circuit 72 from one or more preestablished reference sites which are located about the region 14. Based on information received from the reference site or sites, the location identification circuit 140 determines the location of the user in distress relative to the reference site. The location information is communicated to the control unit 70 by way of line 142 then encoded and transmitted over the cellular link to the emergency number dialed. As a result, the proper authorities are notified of the location of the user in distress, and help can be dispatched.
- the location information transmitted from the cellular telephone 50 preferably is in the form of location coordinates, for example longitude and latitude, which correspond to those on a map of the region 14. As described above, these coordinates may be converted manually or electronically in order to arrive at a more workable street address or the like.
- the location information is encoded on the rf signal preferably using a DTMF encoding scheme, although other encoding schemes are also applicable.
- the location identification circuit 140 establishes a link with a navigational satellite 35, as is shown in FIG. 8.
- the cellular telephone 50 uses location principles commonly employed with surveying equipment, the cellular telephone 50 communicates with the satellite 35 in order to determine the location of the user in distress.
- the cellular telephone processes the information received from the satellite 35 to arrive at the location coordinates, and the location information is then communicated by the cellular telephone 50 to the appropriate party.
- the location identification circuit 140 actively communicates with one or more rf transmission stations 18 which serve as reference sites.
- the rf transmission stations 18 transmit location reference information which the cellular telephone 50 receives and utilizes to determine the location of the user.
- the actual location of the user is determined using techniques such as those employed in long range navigation (LORAN) systems used in boating, or another type of global positioning system such as Rockwell International's GPS.
- LORAN long range navigation
- Rockwell International's GPS based on the signals received from the rf transmission stations 18 serving as beacons, the location identification circuit determines the location of the user in distress and again the information is communicated to the appropriate party.
- the invention has been described above in the context of the user in distress remaining at a fixed location, there are situations which can arise where the user in distress changes location within the region 14.
- the cellular telephone user could be assaulted in his or her own car and ordered to drive somewhere.
- a user having a portable cellular telephone could be kidnapped and mobilized without knowledge of his or her destination.
- the user involved in an accident or under medication may be so disoriented that, although the user is able to activate the location identification system, he or she continues to travel about during such time as it takes for help to arrive.
- the location identification system 123 and/or the location identification circuit 140 of the cellular telephone 50 operates to provide updated information regarding the location of the user in distress.
- the direction finding equipment (124, 125,126) at the central control station 20 continuously updates the reading on the location of the user. Whenever the location of the user in distress changes as compared to the previous reading, preferably the new location information is communicated to the proper authority as described above.
- the location identification circuit 140 provides the updated information to the proper authorities.
- FIG. 9 a system flow chart for the emergency message dialing procedure including location update provisions is shown.
- the cellular telephone 50 is in state A which represents the standby mode.
- the control unit 70 of the cellular telephone 50 then awaits the arrival of the signal (e.g., as a result of the crash detector 66, the depression of the emergency button 64, etc.) indicating that a request for emergency number dialing has been made, as is shown in step 150.
- the control unit 70 activates the location identification circuit 140 as is shown in step 152 by way of control/data line 142.
- the location identification circuit 140 attempts to communicate through the rf circuit 72 with the satellite 35, rf transmission station 18, or other reference site or sites so that the location identification circuit 140 is able to determine the location of the user.
- step 154 the control unit 70 determines whether the location of the user has in fact been identified, preferably by the setting of a flag. If not, control is returned to step 152 and the location identification circuit 140 again attempts to identify the user location. After the location has been identified, the control unit 70 implements the automatic dialing of the emergency number stored in memory 76 as described above and as is shown in step 156. After the connection is determined to have been made in step 158, the cellular telephone 50 in step 160 transmits the emergency message to the receiving party along with the location information determined in step 152. The receiving party processes the location information and help can be dispatched. However, in the event the connection was not made in step 158, control is returned to step 156 and the automatic dialing procedure is re-implemented.
- the location identification circuit After the location of the user in distress initially has been transmitted to the receiving party in step 160, the location identification circuit periodically updates the location of the user as is shown in step 162. Control is returned to step 160 after each update, and the updated location information is transmitted to the receiving party. In one embodiment, the updated location information is transmitted after each update.
- the control unit can by programmed to retransmit the updated location information only if the location of the user in distress has changed since the previous determination. This can be accomplished by storing the location information in memory after each transmission and by comparing the updated information with that of the previous update. If the location changes, transmission of the updated information will proceed as before.
- the cellular telephone 50 will terminate the connection and return to state A. Moreover, if for some reason the connection is lost during the emergency dialing procedure, the cellular telephone will go to state B. From state B, the cellular telephone will proceed with steps 152-162 as before in activating the location identification circuit 140 and in implementing the automatic dialing.
- the cellular telephone 50 of the present invention operates within the system 10 to provide the automatic dialing of an emergency number and the playing of an emergency message.
- the cellular telephone 50 serves to determine and provide location information concerning the location of the user in distress. The location information can be provided to the receiving party regardless of whether or not the user has lost consciousness. Help is then dispatched, where otherwise the user would not be able to verbally communicate his or her location.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Alarm Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (9)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/317,663 US5742666A (en) | 1994-10-05 | 1994-10-05 | Emergency mobile telephone |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US08/317,663 US5742666A (en) | 1994-10-05 | 1994-10-05 | Emergency mobile telephone |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US5742666A true US5742666A (en) | 1998-04-21 |
Family
ID=23234717
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US08/317,663 Expired - Fee Related US5742666A (en) | 1994-10-05 | 1994-10-05 | Emergency mobile telephone |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US5742666A (en) |
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