US2363294A - Air conditioning system - Google Patents

Air conditioning system Download PDF

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US2363294A
US2363294A US389749A US38974939A US2363294A US 2363294 A US2363294 A US 2363294A US 389749 A US389749 A US 389749A US 38974939 A US38974939 A US 38974939A US 2363294 A US2363294 A US 2363294A
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valve
air
conditioning
units
water
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US389749A
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Willis H Carrier
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Carrier Corp
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Carrier Corp
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/06Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units
    • F24F3/10Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the arrangements for the supply of heat-exchange fluid for the subsequent treatment of primary air in the room units with separate supply lines and common return line for hot and cold heat-exchange fluids i.e. so-called "3-conduit" system

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  • This invention relates to air conditioning.
  • the general object of the invention is to provide an improved method of and apparatus for air conditioning a plurality of areas or enclosures, and more particularly the various rooms of oflice buildings, schools, hospitals, apartments, hotels and the like.
  • the saving of space eflfected by the present invention is of great importance.
  • the invention includes conditioning to a desired degree a first volume of air at a central conditioning point, and distributing this air at relatively high static pressure and at relatively high velocity to a plurality of units respectively disposed in and serving a plurality of areas or enclosures to be conditioned.
  • the high pressure air supplied to each unit is discharged therein through nozzle formations or the like, and in this manner induces a relatively great secondary circulation of air withdrawn from the area served by the unit.
  • the primary or high pressure air and the secondary or induced air are then supplied to the conditioned area.
  • the primary air is conditioned to a predetermined dewpoint at the central conditioning point, and tempering means, such as coils or the like, are disposed in the various local units to effect sensible cooling or heating of air circulated through the unit as required.
  • the primary air preferably comprises outdoor air, and since in carrying out the invention it is preferred to use approximately one part of primary air for each four parts of secondary air supplied to each conditioned enclosure, adequate ventilation of the enclosures served by the system is thus assured.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view illustrating an air conditioning system embodying the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a front elevational view, partly in section, of one of the local units adapted to be emplayed in carrying out the invention
  • Fig. 3 is a view of the unit of Fig. 2 taken on the line 3-3 thereof;
  • Fig. 4 is a view in plan of the unit of Figs. 2 and 3, part of the casing being broken away to show the interior of the unit
  • Fig. 5 is a view illustrating, in section, a valve adapted to modulate the cooling or heating action of the local units in response to changes in load requirements, and diagrammatically illustrates the piping connections to and between this control valve and the heat exchange coil of the conditioner unit;
  • Fig. 6 is a fragmentary view in end elevation of the interior of a unit in accordance with the invention, illustrating an indicator mechanism adapted to be employed when control of the local unit is effected manually rather than automatically;
  • Fig. '7 is a view in plan of the control mechanism shown in Fig. 6;
  • Fig. 8 is a view in perspective of a portion of the control mechanism of Figs. 6 and 7;
  • Fig. 9 is a fragmentary view, in perspective, of a riser employed in carrying out the invention, and a lateral connection thereto, the latter being shown in an exploded view;
  • Fig. 10 is a view in vertical section through an assembled lateral air connection, taken on the line Iii-l0 of Fig. 9;
  • Fig. 11 is a view on an enlarged scale, taken on the line I l-ll of Fig. 9, illustrating the joint formation in the vertical riser;
  • Fig. 12 is a view in horizontal section through one of the channels housing the air riser and water supply. return and drain pipes, which extend upwardly from the central station appa ratus for connection with the various local units of the apparatus;
  • Fig. 13 is a view in vertical section of a baseboard construction adapted to contain and conceal the laterally extending air conduit, water supply, water return and drain pipes, taken on the line l3ll of Fig. 14;
  • Fig. 14 is a view in perspective of the corner of an enclosure served by apparatus in accordance with the invention, illustrating the baseboard assembly
  • Fig. 15 is a view in perspective, of a baseboard spacer element
  • Fig. 16 is a view in vertical section through a manual control valve adapted to be employed in carrying out the invention, and incorporating a modified indicator mechanism in conjunction therewith;
  • Fig. 17 is a view in plan of the control knob of the apparatus of Fig. 16.
  • the numeral designates generally a casing containing air conditioning apparatus of any desired type, and disposed at any desired point in or proximate a building to be conditioned.
  • the casing 25 may be disposed in the cellar, attic or storage space of a building served thereby.
  • a fan 26 draws air through the casing, preferably from the outdoor atmosphere, whereby the air is conditioned in desired manner during its passage through the casing 25. and then discharges this air at relatively high static pressure into the primary high pressure air main TI.
  • the conditioning apparatus in casing 25 may be of any desired type and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited with respect thereto.
  • the conditioner casing 25 preferably includes a filter 28, a cooling coil 2! and a reheating coil 30.
  • Cold brine or other suitable conditioning medium is supplied to the coil 29 through supply line BI and is withdrawn therefrom through return line 32 under the influence of pump 33 which returns the liquid through strainer 34 to a cooler 35, of any desired type, from which the cooled refrigerant is returned to line 3
  • Any desired means may be used to regulate suitably the temperature of the cooled refrigerant.
  • Reheating coil 30 receives a heating medium, such as steam, from supply main 36 through branch line 31 under the control of valve :8 controlled by thermostat 39.
  • the valve 38 admits steam to the coil 30 in a quantity sumcient to maintain the temperature of the air leaving the casing 25 at a desired point, thus reducing the relative humidity of the air leaving the cooling coil 29.
  • the conditioner casing 25 contains also a preheating coil lll adapted to receive steam from main 38 under the control of valve ll controlled by a thermostat 42 disposed within the conditioner casing, the preheating coil 40 being intended for use under winter operating conditions.
  • the conditioner casing preferably also contains humidifying sprays or the like 43 operative under winter operating conditions to increase the moisture content of air passing through the conditioner casing.
  • the pipes 44 and 45 respectively connected to pipes 32 and 3 I, and respectively served by valves 46 and 41, may be used for connecting into the circuit of the cooling coil 29 a connection to a source of well water, ice-water storage tank, or a cooling tower or the like for use when the wet bulb temperature of the outdoor air is sufllciently low to permit the use of evaporative cooling instead of the refrigeration normally supplied in any desired manner to the cooler 35. It will be understood that when the valves 46 and 41 are opened, the valves l8 and 49, respectively located in lines 32 and 3
  • is connected by line 5
  • a closed expansion tank may be used at a high level in the system in the same manner as employed, for example, in connection with hot water heating systems.
  • control of the operation of the local units may be effected either manually or automatically.
  • the section of the system indicated within the dotted lines and designated zone A in Fig. l of the drawlngs will be described with particular reference to automatic control, while the section of the system indicated within the dotted lines and designated zone B, will be described with particular reference to manual control.
  • each zone of the conditioning system may comprise any number of local conditioning units, and that any number of zones may be provided.
  • the zones of the system be arranged in accordance with the heat loads affecting the diii'erent enclosures of the conditioned building.
  • the zones of the system be arranged in accordance with the heat loads affecting the diii'erent enclosures of the conditioned building.
  • all of the oilices having windows facing in an easterly direction would be subject to the heating efl'ect of the sun early in the day, whereas this heat load due to sun eflect will fall of! later in the day. All or a number of such oillces might well be served, in accordance with the invention, by local units comprising a single zone.
  • the offices having windows facing in a southerly direction are preferably served by units comprising another zone of the conditioning system, etc.
  • the units comprising a zone of the system may be located on different floors, or on the same floor, or both, and that any number of units may be incorporated within a zone.
  • the nature of the zone controls and the interconnection of the various units with the central station conditioning plant, will now be described in detail.
  • the air delivered by the fan 28 to the primary air distributing main 2! is at a relatively high static pressure, of the order of 5" of water. A portion of this air is diverted from the primary main 21 and passes to a vertical riser 52 of zone A and a corresponding riser 52' of zone B. Each vertical riser delivers air to a plurality of units designated generally as 53, through lateral connections 54.
  • the primary air thus delivered to each unit serves to induce a relatively great circulation of secondary air and to promote desired circulation of air in the conditioned enclosures.
  • a pipe 55 connects with the cold water return line 32 and is adapted to deliver cold water or brine from said return line to cold water supply header 56, which, in turn, is adapted to supply this water to the different local units 53 of the various zones.
  • control instrument 51 Each zone is provided with a control instrument, generally designated 51, which may be conveniently located at any desired point either within or without the enclosures of the zone served thereby. In practice it has been found expedient to position the control device 51 outside of the building, or in such manner that it is subject to outdoor atmospheric conditions.
  • the control instrument 5! comprises a device known as the Aerotherm, manufactured by Webster- Tallmadge & Co. Inc. Since this control device is well known in the art and does not, per se, form part of the invention, no detailed description thereof is deemed required here.
  • control device 51 preferably responds not only to air temperatures, ut also to air velocity, wind direction, etc., so that the device controlling each zone may accurately reflect the need either for cooling or heating of the particular zone served thereby, and may at least approximately indicate the degree of heating or cooling which is required.
  • control line 58 leading from the control device 5! serves to open the three-way or proportioning valve 69 so that the pump 60 draws cold water from the header 58 upwardly through pipe BI and delivers this cold water through pipe 82 to the cold water riser 63.
  • control device 51 through control line 84, operates to adjust the proportioning valve 85 in such manner that flow from the pipe 62 to the pipe 63 is unimpeded.
  • cold water may be delivered from the pipe 83 to each of the units it through lateral connections such as II, and this water may then be returned through pipe I to the cold water return line 32 at the suction side of the pump 38.
  • the valve 59 When the control device 1 reflects a demand for maximum cooling, the valve 59 will be adjusted so that the pump Bl draws water only from header 56. and in this case also all of the water returning from the local units through the pipe 0! will pass to the water return line I2. However, if the cooling load is less than maximum, the proportioning valve 59 will be adjusted to an intermediate position determined by the cooling load, in which the pump 60 will draw water not only through pipe ll from the header 56, but also through bypass line 88 leading from the water return line ll. It will be understood that the control device II, by varying the proportions of water drawn from the supply header 56, and from the return line 01, will eflect a variation in the temperature of the water delivered to the units in accordance with variations in load requirements.
  • the proportioning valve It is so adjusted that the pump 60 draws water only through the bypass connection 68 from line 61.
  • the water then delivered from the pump passes to the proportioning valve 65 through line 82 or line 89, or both, in varying proportions controlled by the valve 85 under control of device 51.
  • the line 89 contains a heater III which receives steam from header I8 under the control of valve 1
  • the valve H is normally fully open whenever heating is required, the modulation of heating effect being accomplished by the routing of dverent portions of water through the heater 10 and through the pipe 82.
  • Suitable shut-off valves 16 and H are provided for isolating the entire piping arrangement of each zone from the central conditioning apparatus if this should be desired.
  • zone B in which the units are controlled manually, is substantially as described in connection with zone A, except that it will be noted that valves 13 and I5, and the cross-over pipes 12 and H, are omitted.
  • the piping arrangement and basic control scheme is the same as described in connection with zone A, and therefore no detailed description is deemed required with respect to zone 13.
  • the numeral 82 designates generally a cabinet having an air inlet grille 83 formed in the front upper portion thereof and extending across a major portion of the length of the casing. Also an air outlet grille 84, comprising a plurality of vanes or louvres extending lengthwise of the casing, is provided in the top of the casing 82. Formed within the central portion of the casing 82 is an air plenum chamber 85 to which air is delivered through inlet 86 from lateral connection 54 extending from one of the vertical high pressure air risers.
  • a valve closure member 81 operating in conjunction with valve seat 88, serves to control the volume of air admitted within the plenum chamber 85 and to effect the desired degree of pressure reduction.
  • the valve closure member 31 is adjusted by means of a valve stem 89 preferably threaded and secured in desired position by a pair of lock nuts so which are tightened after the bottom projecting portion 9
  • the valve In operation, once the valve has been adjusted to provide the desired static pressure within the plenum chamber, it remains fixed in position. However, if it is desired for any reason to cut the unit out of service. the valve is closed so that no air will be discharged through such unit, while the system is used for delivering high pressure air to other of the units continuing in active service.
  • the interior of the plenum chamber 85 is provided with a plurality of sound absorbing baffles 92 constructed of any suitable sound absorbing material, which cause the air delivered to the plenum chamber to flow in a circuitous path to the top of the plenum chamber.
  • the top of the plenum chamber is provided with a plurality of extension chambers 93 extending crosswise of the unit and spaced from each other as best seen in Figs. 3 and 4.
  • the tops of the chambers 93 preferably slope downwardly toward the front of the unit.
  • Each chamber 93 is provided, at its upper extremity, with a plurality of spaced relatively small nozzles or orifices BI, in diameter or smaller, through which air is discharged upwardly at relativel high velocity.
  • the high velocity discharge of air through the nozzles 94 induces a relatively great circulation of air intaken within the unit through the inlet grille 83, the air discharged at high velocity and the induced air mixing in a mixing chamber 95 and then being discharged from the unit through the outlet grille ill.
  • the induction of air within the unit and its discharge therefrom insure active circulation in the enclosure served thereby.
  • vanes 96 are preferably arranged in a fan-shaped manner at varying angles, as best seen in Fig. 2.
  • the diffusion of air lengthwise of the unit by the vanes 96 serves effectively to insure equable conditions within the enclosure without danger of drafts caused either by "spilling" or by impingement of the air stream against a relatively low ceiling or beam and resultant downward deflection.
  • the vanes When the unit is employed in the center of a. wall area the vanes are symmetrically arranged as shown in Fig. 2, but if the unit is employed at the end of a wall area it may be preferred to have the vanes which are closest the end wall vertical and the other vanes correspondingly inclined, the vanes farthest from the end wall most closely approachin the horizontal. While the vanes 96 may be formed in any desired manner, they are preferably punched from a solid plate 91, the resultant apertures 98 serving as air passages.
  • the heat exchanger comprises coil 9! provided with suitable plate or spiral fins for increasing the efficiency of heat transfer. It is to be understood that if desired, the coil may be placed in the path of the primary air, as well as in the path of the induced air.
  • Figs. 2, 3 and 4 the piping and control arrangement shown is that employed when the unit 53 is controlled manually.
  • Water supply lin 88 extends within the unit from vertical riser 83 and passes to a shut-off valve I00.
  • Water return connection IUI returns to pipe 51 from valve I08.
  • the valve Hill is a twin valve which serves to interrupt flow through both the supply line 56 and return line lOi by means of a single adjustment of the valve stem N12.
  • the numeral I03 designates generally a control valve, the construction and operating mechanism of which are described more fully hereinafter. For present purposes, however, it is suiilcient to understand that the valve is provided with three connections-an upper connection Hi l, a center connection Hi5 and a bottom connection I05.
  • a water supply line I01 constituting a continuation of the supply line 66, delivers water to central connection ill! of the valve I03. Some of this water thus delivered to the valve is discharged from the valve through pipe I08 and thus is delivered to the heat exchange coil 99. The water leaving the coil is returned to return pipe I09 through a connection indicated at H0.
  • the coil 99 is provided with an air vent or the like III at the upper portion thereof to relieve air irom the system.
  • the primary air is reduced to a low dewpoint.
  • the heat exchange surface is so designed that the brine returning from the coil 29 is at a higher temperature than the air leaving the conditioner casing 25. Since it is the brine from return line 32 which is supplied to the local units 53 to eflect cooling thereat, it will be appreciated that the brine delivered to the local units will generally always be above the dewpoint of the air in the conditioned enclosures so that no moisture will be condensed in the local units. This is true in all cases except on starting up of the system in a humid atmosphere or where there is a relatively high latent heat load in the conditioned enclosure tending abnormally to increase the moisture content of the air therein.
  • a drain pan Ill adapted to catch any water dripping therefrom.
  • the front portion of the drain pan Ill discharges the collected moisture into a trough II! which slopes downwardly toward the right hand side of the casing, as best seen in Fig. 2.
  • a drain connection H9 conveys condensate downwardly to an auxiliary condensate pan IIl which is disposed beneath all oi. the apparatus in the casing 82 to catch any condensate which may drip therefrom.
  • the bottom of the pan I ll slopes downwardly toward the front 01' the unit and a drain connection I I9 conveys water therefrom tor disposition in any suitable manner.
  • the drain pipes extend from the various local units to a suitable point of condensate disposal in the manner indicated, for example, in Fig. 12.
  • the piping arrangement of Fig. i actually might also include the common drain pipes used for the various units.
  • this reature has not been shown in Fig. l as it would tend unnecessarily to complicate the showing of the invention made therein.
  • the numeral I93a designates a valve capable oi automatically modulating the heating or cooling effect of the coil 99 of the local unit 59.
  • the control element which is preferably used in conjunction with the valve comprises a length of finned tubing II9 of the type commonly used in the construction 01' heat exchangers.
  • the length of the control element may approximate 8" and the diameter of the tube may be oi the order of A".
  • One end of the tube is sealed and the other end connects with a pressure tub I29 which extends within the housing HI 0! the valve Ilila.
  • the control element H9 is filled with a volatile fluid adapted to expand and contract with changes in temperature, such as ether, and the control element H9 is placed within the casing 92 behind the air inlet grille 92 and in the path of air intaken within the unit through said grille, so that the control element reflects the temperature within the enclosure served by the unit.
  • the control element is preferably shielded in any desired manner from th heating or cooling eflect of the coil 99 so as to insure more accurate control.
  • the rod I28 is provided with a control handle 2 for use in adjusting the setting 0! the valve.
  • the flange I24 is secured in a gas-tight manner to the upper extremity 01' an expansible bellows I25, the lower extremity oi the bellows being secured in a fluid-tight manner to a disc I29.
  • the pressure tube I29 leads from the interior of the thermal element I I9 to the interior 0! the bellows I25 so that as the temperature afiecting the control element III is varied, the bellows I2! is caused correspondingly to expand and contract.
  • a stud I21 extends within the interior of the bellows to decrease the free volume in the bellows, as this insures a more prompt and sensitive operation of the valve.
  • the disc I29 is connected to a rod I29 extending downwardly therefrom and bearing a flange I29 at its lower extremity.
  • the rod I29 extends within a cup-shaped member I39 and the flange I29 provides for retention of the rod I29 within the member I99 so that as the rod I28 is raised the member I29 will be raised correspondingly.
  • a spring l2l extending between the bottom of disc I29 and the top oi member I39, tends to maintain maximum separation of these two elements.
  • the lower portion of member I39 carries a disc Illa to which there is connected. in a fluid-tight manner, a sealing bellows I92, and also a rod I32 extending through a plate I34 to which the bellows I22 is connected.
  • the rod I39 bears downwardly upon a lever I29 pivoted at I36.
  • the tree and of the lever I" bears downwardly upon a lever I91, pivoted at I98, at a point proximate the fulcrum I39.
  • the lever I3! is adapted to actuate the valve stem I" which is operably connected through a starshaped guide I49 to a valve closure member Ill, comprising a pair 0! oppositely arranged faces I92.
  • the arrangement oi levers Iii and I2! is employed for the purpose of multiplying the motion of the primary control rod.
  • the corresponding movement of valve rod I29 may be four or flve times as great. This amplification makes for increased sensitivity and refinement of control and makes it possible to maintain within very close limits the desired temperature in the conditioned enclosure.
  • Th valve seat serving the upper face I92 is iormed in a partition plate Ill provided between the upper connection I94 and the center connection I95 01' the valve.
  • the seat I cooperating with the lower face I42 of the valve member I, is disposed between the central connection I" and the bottom connection I96 of the valve.
  • Spring 5 operating on valve guide I49, biases the valve in an upward direction.
  • the flow oi conditioning fluid to and from the local unit is reextends adjustable rod I23 bearing against a versed as explained above in connection with three-way valves 13 and II and cross-over connections 12 and 14.
  • Fig. 5 in addition to illustrating the structure of the valve, discloses diagrammatically the piping arrangement at the local unit which is employed in the case automatic operation.
  • cooling medium is supplied through line 63, and thus enters the valve through the central connection I".
  • the high temperature ailecting the control element II! will cause depression oi the valve III and thus some 0! the liquid entering the valve at connection I will flow upwardly and out oi the valve through HM and through line I" to the heat exchange coil 99.
  • the conditioning medium passing irom the cofl is routed through line I48 to junction I and then passes through pipe I50, containing check valve I500, to line 61 and is thus returned from the local unit.
  • the portion or the conditioning medium supplied to the valve which is not so routed passes downwardly in the valve past the valve seat I and is discharged through connection I06 to line I5I through which it passes to junction I49, where this fluid is joined with the fluid discharged from the conditioning coil 99 and is returned therewith to the lin 61.
  • more conditioning is required under summer operating conditions, more cold liquid is circulated through the conditioning coil 99 and less is bypassed through Illi, and as less conditioning is required less cold liquid will be supplied to the coil 99 and more will be bypassed through IIIG.
  • conditioning medium is supplied through line 61 and passes through the branch line I52 containing check valve I52a, to junction I53. Part of the conditioning medium travels through the pipe I41 and enters the valve at connection Ill and passes downwardly therein and is discharged from the valve through connection I05. The other portion of the conditioning fluid passes from the junction I53 to the conditioning coil 99, is discharged therefrom through line I 48 and through connection ISI, and enters the valve at I" and is discharged therefrom through central opening IIIS together with the fluid which was bypassed through connection I".
  • the valve I will be lowered and hence more of the conditioning fluid will be bypassed from IN to I05, and correspondingly less or the conditioning fluid will pass through the coil 99 and the lower portion of the valve from IIIB to I05. Conversely, if the temperature is lower than desired, more of the heating fluid will be routed through the conditioning coil and a lesser quantity will be bypassed.
  • cooling medium flows through the conditioning coil 89.
  • the operation is merely reversed.
  • the operator will raise the valve Ill to diminish the supply of heating medium to the coil 09 through the pipe IIIII, and ii the conditioned enclosure is too cold, the valve Ill will be depressed to permit a greater supply of conditioning medium to the coil 99 through the connection I08.
  • Figs. 6-8 an arrangement such as illustrated in Figs. 6-8, which automatically indicates the direction in which the valve should be turned to provide i'or desired regulation of the room temperature, regardless of whether the unit is being supplied with hot water or cold water.
  • a thermal bulb IE4 is placed in heat exchange relation with the water supply pipe W1.
  • a pressure control line I leading from the thermal bulb I communicates with the interior or an expansible bellows I56.
  • the expansible bellows I56 carries a slide plate I61 bearing suitable indicia indicated at I58.
  • the slide plate I51 may be supported by suitable flanges or the like I59 and the plate IBI is mounted just beneath the top I 0! the conditioner casing, preferably at an end thereof. In the top or the conditioner casing are provided a plurality of apertures. one of these being designated it! and the other I62.
  • the bellows I56 When the unit 53 is being supplied with cold water, the bellows I56 will be relatively contracted and the marking W" or “Warmer” or the like may then be visible through the aperture it! while the marking "C or Colder or the like may be visible through the aperture "52.
  • the operator Under summer operating conditions, or when cold water is being supplied to the unit, the operator will turn the valve handle H2 in a clockwise direction as seen in Fig. 7 to increase the cooling eifect, and in a counterclockwise direction as seen in Fig. '7 to decrease the cooling effect.
  • the bellows I56 Under winter operating conditions, or when heating medium is being supplied to the local unit 53, the bellows I56 will be caused to expand.
  • valve handle I II will then be turned in a counter-clockwise direction as seen in Fig. 7 to increase the conditioning efl'ect, and if he feels too cool the valve handle will be turned in a clockwise direction as seen in Fig. 7.
  • the valve handle is so arranged that adjustment of the handle in accordance with the position of slide I51 will effect the required adlustment of valve closure member I.
  • the adjustable indicator mechanism illustrated in Figs. 6-8 is employed only because the direction of flow of the conditioning medium is the same regardless of whether the conditioning medium is hot or cold.
  • the cross-over pipes 12 and I4, and the three-way valves 13 and 15 described in connection with zone A of the system may be incorporated in zones such as B in which the local units are manually controlled, and'in such case there will be no need for providing the adjustable indicator mechanism of Figs. 6-8 which changes its position in accordance with the temperature of the conditioning medium.
  • the changeover arrangement is employed for reversing the flow in accordance with whether heating or cooling is being eflected by the conditioning medium, an operator will always turn the valve in one direction if the enclosure served by the unit is too warm, and will always turn the valve in the opposite direction if the enclosure served by the unit is too cold.
  • valves 13 and 15 have been described as beins three-way valves, the reversal of flow may be effected by the use of ordinary shut-oil valves arranged in a manner well understood in the piping art.
  • These change-over valves may be controlled manually but preferably are arranged automatically to change their position in accordance with I the temperature of the conditioning medium made available for delivery to the local units of any zone, and as explained above, the temperature of the conditioning medium made available for supply to any particular zone is controlled in accordance with the particular requirements of that zone.
  • cold water may be circulated through some of the zones while hot water is circulated through other of the zones. Since any well-known means may be used for eflecting the adjustment of the changeover valves in response to changes in the temperature of conditioning medium made available for supply to the zones served thereby, no detailed showing of such control apparatus for the valves is deemed necessary here.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a section of one of the high pressure air risers, and a portion of a lateral connection extending therefrom, the latter being shown in an exploded view.
  • 52 designates the vertical riser which replaces, in
  • the riser pipe I is of relatively small dimensions and comprises a tube of suitable metal or the like. It may comprise. for example, a welded tube of galvanized steel. While it is to be understood that the size of the riser 52 will vary in accordance with the requirements of particular installations, and the amount of air a particular section is required to handle, the diameter of the riser pipe will generally be of the order of about 6". This is in marked contrast to the relatively large ducts required in conventional systems for distributing conditioned air from a central conditioning point to a plurality of remote enclosures served by the system. Thus, these conduits have an area of only about '7 to 10% of the area occupied by conventional ducts.
  • risers comprising sections of pipe, such as 52
  • the vertical risers are assembled from separate sec tions which are joined together by suitable joints such as illustrated at ill, the preferred manner of Joining the various sections of the riser 52 being shown more particularly in Fig. 11.
  • Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 illustrate a preferred method of connecting the lateral air connections 54 to the high pressure air risers.
  • a pipe nipple I8! is welded to the riser pipe 52, the latter having a suitable opening i63 formed therein.
  • the pipe nipple I82 is externally threaded, as indicated at I84, and is internally recessed so as to receive therewithin a flexible conduit I85 of any desired construction.
  • the flexible conduit is of the type illustrated in Fig. 10 which is well known in the art.
  • I66 designates a gasket of any suitable compressible material, preferably neoprene, and I" designates a metal follower ring, preferably formed of brass or the like, which abuts the gasket and causes the latter to bear against the outer end of the pipe nipple I62.
  • a screw cap I81 having an internally threaded cylindrical flange, engages the threads of the pipe I62 so as to take up on the follower ring and gasket.
  • the other end of the flexible conduit IE5 is suitably secured to the laterally extending tube I68 which extends to the unit or units served by the lateral connection enerally designated 54.
  • the flexible conduit is secured to the pipe I 88 by being soldered thereto at I59 and by means of rivets or the like indicated at I".
  • the primary air within the risers 52 must at all times be at a static pressure which is sufficiently high so that note withstanding friction losses and pressure drops throughout the system there may be a sufficient pressure available at the local unit most remote from the central station for providing the desired induction eil'ect when the high pressure air is discharged within the local unit.
  • the pressure in the riser pipe will be too high to provide the desired induction effect. Delivery of air within the unit at too high a pressure results in excessive velocity, noisy discharge, and an excessive rate of air circulation. Therefore, it is necessary to provide suitable means for reducing the pressure of the primary air which is delivered to the various local units.
  • the pressure in the primary air riser may be of the order 01' 4" of water, whereas the optimum pressure within the plenum chamber 85 of each local unit will preferably be of the order of about i" of water.
  • the pressure is preferably reduced in stages.
  • an orifice ring I" within the pipe nipple I62.
  • the orifice ring “I has a relatively small opening I12 formed therein, the size of the opening being determined in accordance with the amount of pressure reduction which is to be effected by the orifice ring. As will be understood, the smaller the opening the greater will be the pressure reduction.
  • the additional or secondary stage of pressure reduction is accomplished by the valve 81 disposed at the air entrance I. to the plenum chamber of each local unit. Reduction of the pressure in this manner assures simplicity in construction and quietness and efficacy in operation. Where there is a relatively small pressure differential between the pressure in the air main and the desired pressure in the plenum chamber of a local unit, and where the air valve at the unit may be depended upon to accomplish the required pressure reduction in a satisfactory manner, the orifice ring may be eliminated from the lateral connection serving such unit. This is often true in the case of units remote from the central conditioning apparatus.
  • the section 52a of the riser pipe 52 is belied at its upper extremity as indicated at I13, and the upper section 52b of the riser pipe 52 is disposed within the belied portion I13 of the lower section.
  • the bottom extremity of the section 521) is preferably belied slightly outwardly as indicated at I14, the portion I'll abutting the shoulder I15 formed at the bottom of the belied portion I13.
  • An air-tight and mechanically strong joint is assured by the provision of a wedging member generally designated I18 disposed between the belied portion I13 and the lower portion of the pipe section 521).
  • the inner surface of the wedging member I18 is cylindrical but the outside thereof is tapered to conform to the taper at the inside of the belied portion I13.
  • the bottom portion I11 of the wedging member I16 is continuous, as is also the intermediate section I18 which is formed with a somewhat smaller outer diameter than the lower section I18 to provide a groove I19.
  • the upper portion I80 of the wedging member I18 is provided with a plurality of vertically extending slits I8I.
  • Fig. 12 is a horizontal section taken through a vertically extending assembly used for containing and concealing the riser pipe 52, the watq' circulation pipes 63 and 81, and a suitable drain pipe I82 communicating with the drain pipes II8 of the local units. All of the vertically extending pipes and conduits are contained within a suitable housing generally designated I83 which comprises a structural section I and an outer portion III of iinishing plaster or the like. It will be noted that the connecting pipes 68 and IIII of the water circulating system connecting with the water circulating riser 63 and 81 are loop'ed around the air riser 52 so that the bends thus formed in these connecting pipes may provide for suitable expansion and contraction due to changes in temperature of the circulated condltioning medium. Preferably, the water circulating pipes are insulated in any suitable manner.
  • brackets I88 are secured to the wall of a room in any desired manner, as by screws I81.
  • the upper extremities of the brackets I86 are provided with belied portions I88 behind which there is adapted to be positioned the downwardly extending flange I88 of a baseboard cover piece I90.
  • the lower portion of the cover piece is received within a pocket formed between an upwardly extending leg I9I of the bracket and a belied portion I92 of an upwardly extending member I83 suitably secured in any desired manner to the leg I8I of the bracket.
  • a base protecting plate I formed of suitable material adapted to withstand the corrosive action of cleaning agents which might come in contact therewith when the floors of the conditioned enclosure are cleaned.
  • a drain trough I96 secured, as by screws I81, to the brackets I86. Over the drain pan I98 is positioned the laterally extending air connection BI and the water connections 65 and IIII.
  • any moisture which might possibly be precipitated within the baseboard conduit is adapted to be caught by the drain pan I88, which may deliver the condensed moisture to drain pipe II8 as by means of a suitable connection I98.
  • the cover piece of the baseboard assembly may be removed very readily to provide immediate access to the lateral air and water connections.
  • the baseboard assembly may be installed very quickly and conveniently and with the assurance that the assembly after completed will provide a finished and attractive appearance and will effectively conceal the lateral pipes connecting the unit with the vertical r ser.
  • finishing piece I99 illustrated in Figs. 14 and 15.
  • the finishing piece may be used in conjunction with a conventional wood molding 280 so that the finished assembly will be entirely attractive as well as mechanically satisfactory.
  • a small quantity of the air conditioned in the central station conditioning apparatus may be discharged within the space "I surrounding the vertically extending air risers and water connection and drain pipes.
  • the air thus conditioned has a relatively low dewpoint and hence effectively prevents condensation upon the outer surfaces of the water supply or other pipes of the riser system.
  • the dewpoint of the air conditioned at the central station will generally be lower than the temperature of the water supplied to the local units for cooling purposes and this relationship practically precludes any possibility of condensation after normal operating conditions have been established. Condensation will tend to occur only when the system is placed in operation in a humid atmosphere or when there is an abnormal increase in the moisture content of the atmosphere surrounding the pipes of the riser system or in the conditioned enclosures.
  • each local unit is provided with a removable plate 202 so that if, for any reason, access to the interior of the plenum chamber should become necessary. as for purposes of inspection, cleaning or repair, such access may be had conveniently.
  • Figs. 16 and 1'! illustrate a valve construction adapted to be employed when manual control of the heating and cooling at the local units is desired.
  • a valve is indicated at I08 in Figs. 2 and 3 and also in Fig. 6, except that the valve in Fig. 6 does not include the indicator mechanism disclosed in Fig. 16.
  • the valve I03 is essentially the same as the valve illustrated in Fig. 5 except for the omission of the expansible bellows and the multiplying mechanism which heeome unnecessary and may be eliminated in the case of manual operation.
  • the valve includes a, casing l2l, a top cap I22 and an actuating stem l23a, the valve stem lilo being hollow to provide a longitudinally extending channel 203 therewithin.
  • the bottom of the rod I230 bears against an adjustahly positioned plate I! la and is adapted to cause displacement of this plate.
  • the plate Illa is connected to the partition plate I by a sealing bellows I32, as in Fig. 5.
  • a rod Ilia extends downwardly from the plate Illa and is movabl therewith to actuate the valve closure member Ill.
  • the plate ills is provided with a central opening 204 and the rod liila is provided with a channel 204 extending therewithin and constituting an extension through the plate Illa oi the channel 203 within the valve stem i224.
  • the handle I l2a is secured to the valve stem i214: in any desired manner as by means of a set screw Ill so that as the handle is rotated, the valve stem is correspondingly rotated and raised or lowered by means of the threads 206 to provide the desired adjustment of position of the valve closure member Ill.
  • thermal indicator having a rotating disc Ill mounted at the top thereof and within a recess formed in the top of the handle "2a.
  • the recess is covered by a closure plate 210 which is provided with an aperture 2 through which a portion of the indicator plate 208 may be seen.
  • a screw III or similar means, is employed to rotate the stem oi the thermal indicator as the handle Illa is rotated so that the relative positions of the indicator disc 208 and the valve handle 2a may remain unaflected except by changes in temperature afl'ecting the stem 201. Since thermal indicators of this type are well known in the art and in themselves do not constitute a part 01' the present invention, no detailed description thereof is deemed required here.
  • One type of thermal indicator of the character indicated is manufactured by the Weston Electrical Instrument Company of Newark, New
  • thermo-responsive stem 207 extending within and through the body or the valve, will respond to changes in the temperature of the fluid passing through the valve and thus will change the position of the disc 20!! in accordance with such changes in temperature.
  • Theupper face of disc 20! is provided with two sets of arrow indicators pointing in opposite directions and arranged throughout different arcuate portions of the indicator disc. When the conditioning medium circulated through the valve is cold, one portion of the indicator disc 268 will appear opposite the aperture 2, this portion bearing the arrows H3.
  • the word Colder appears upon the cover disc 2l0 proximate the aperture, and when the arrows 2l3 are visible through the aperture 2
  • the system as above described is adapted readily to be installed in existing structures, particularly in those provided with the piping lines customary in steam heating and hot water installations, and that it is also well adapted to be installed in new structures.
  • the installation of the system in either case is facilitated by the use of the high pressure piping for conveying the primary air at relatively high pressure and at a velocity which may be of the order of 3000-5000 feet per minute instead of the conventional ducts which occupy a vastly greater amount of space.
  • static pressure regulator for maintaining a substantially constant pressure in the primary air mains by throttling the supply of air to the mains from the primary fan, or varying flue effectiveness of the fan by varying its speed, or by both methods in combination. Since static pressure regulators operating in this way are well known in the art and do not, per se, form part or the invention, although desirable to:- use in connection therewith when the number of units in operation is considerably varied from time to time, no detailed description thereof is deemed required here.
  • a conditioner remote from said areas means for supplying air to be conditioned to said conditioner, a plurality oi. induction units in said areas. at least one of said units serving each area to be conditioned.
  • conduit means comprising tubes 01' a diameter of the order of six inches and connecting said units with said conditioner, means for delivering conditioned air for ventilation irom said conditioner into said conduit means and for routing said conditioned air therethrough at a static pressure in excess or 1" water gauge and at a velocity of the order of 3000 to 5000 feet per minute, means in each of said units including a plurality of nozzles for discharging said conditioned air within said units at relatively high velocity, means for supplying within the units other air from the conditioned areas induced by the high velocity discharge of conditioned air within the units, said other air being induced in volume suiilcient when mixed with the conditioned air to take care of the circulation requirements of the conditioned areas whereby the use of return ducts to said conditioner is eliminated and said tubes limited in size in the ventilation requirements of said areas, means for discharging said conditioned air and said induced air from each unit into the area served thereby, means for passing a conditioning medium in heat exchange relation with said air through said conditioner, and means for conditioning medium in heat exchange relation with air
  • a supply of conditioning medium a fluid circuit tor supplyin conditioning medium from said supply to the conditioner, another fluid circuit for supplying conditioning medium to said units. and means automatically operative mponsive to variations in temperature conditions for varying the circulation of conditioning medium routed to said units whereby diil'erent areas served by difi'erent units will be maintained at diiierent temperature conditions.
  • valve means operatively connected to said units and adapted to control the circulation of conditioning medium through said units, and a thermo-responsive control element regulating the operation 0! said valve means, said control element being disposed within a unit in the path of induced air passing into the unit.
  • Patent No 2, 5 ,291i
  • a conditioner remote from said areas means for supplying air to be conditioned to said conditioner, a plurality oi. induction units in said areas. at least one of said units serving each area to be conditioned.
  • conduit means comprising tubes 01' a diameter of the order of six inches and connecting said units with said conditioner, means for delivering conditioned air for ventilation irom said conditioner into said conduit means and for routing said conditioned air therethrough at a static pressure in excess or 1" water gauge and at a velocity of the order of 3000 to 5000 feet per minute, means in each of said units including a plurality of nozzles for discharging said conditioned air within said units at relatively high velocity, means for supplying within the units other air from the conditioned areas induced by the high velocity discharge of conditioned air within the units, said other air being induced in volume suiilcient when mixed with the conditioned air to take care of the circulation requirements of the conditioned areas whereby the use of return ducts to said conditioner is eliminated and said tubes limited in size in the ventilation requirements of said areas, means for discharging said conditioned air and said induced air from each unit into the area served thereby, means for passing a conditioning medium in heat exchange relation with said air through said conditioner, and means for conditioning medium in heat exchange relation with air
  • a supply of conditioning medium a fluid circuit tor supplyin conditioning medium from said supply to the conditioner, another fluid circuit for supplying conditioning medium to said units. and means automatically operative mponsive to variations in temperature conditions for varying the circulation of conditioning medium routed to said units whereby diil'erent areas served by difi'erent units will be maintained at diiierent temperature conditions.
  • valve means operatively connected to said units and adapted to control the circulation of conditioning medium through said units, and a thermo-responsive control element regulating the operation 0! said valve means, said control element being disposed within a unit in the path of induced air passing into the unit.
  • Patent No 2, 5 ,291i

Description

Nov. 21, 1944. w. H. CARRIER 2,363,294
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM Filed Aug. 12, 1939 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR Walks )1 Carrier BYMQQJ ATTORNEY NOV. 21, 1944. w, ARR|ER AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM Filed Aug. 12, 1959 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR W1 Zlas H Caz-Iver BY 31 g ATTORNEY Nov. 21, 1944. w. H. CARRIER 2,363,294
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM Filed Aug. 12, 1959 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 150a J48 INVENTOR W W 54 M11155 [1. Carrier 63 67 1 mph ATTORNEY Nov. 21, 1944. w, CARRIER 2,363,294
AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM Filed Aug. 12, 1939 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR m'llds' H Carrier BYM W ATTORNEY Patented Nov. 21, 1944 AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM Willis 1!. Carrier, Syracuse, N. Y., assignor to Carrier Corporation, Syracuse, N. 1., a corporation of Delaware Application August 12, 1939, Serial No. 389549 3 Claims.
This invention relates to air conditioning.
The general object of the invention is to provide an improved method of and apparatus for air conditioning a plurality of areas or enclosures, and more particularly the various rooms of oflice buildings, schools, hospitals, apartments, hotels and the like.
It is an object of the invention to provide a method of and apparatus for conditioning air adapted to provide required cooling under summer operating conditions and required heating under winter operating conditions, while at all times maintaining a desired dewpoint or atmospheric moisture content within the conditioned enclosures.
It is another object of the invention to provide an improved air conditioning system capable of providing for desired conditioning during winter and summer seasons, and also, during intermediate seasons, of operating in such manner as to simultaneously heat and cool different enclosures served thereby whenever such differential action is required by load conditions affecting the several enclosures served by the system.
It is another object of the invention to provide an improved air conditioning system which assures positive and adequate ventilation at all times of the areas or enclosures served thereby.
It is another object of the invention to provide an air conditioning system employing a plurality of local units severally disposed in or proximate the areas which are to be served by said un ts, said units containing no motors, compressors, fans or other apparatus of a similar nature, and being entirely free of moving parts, thus giving assurance of long life, silent operation and freedom from operating diiliculties and mechanical break-downs.
It is another object of the invention to provide an air conditioning system which is particularly well adapted for installation in existing structures at relatively low cost, and which also is well adapted for installation in new structures.
It is another object of the invention to provide an air conditioning system for conditioning a plurality of areas or enclosures in which a portion of the air delivered to said areas or enclosures is conditioned at a central point, but in which the distribution of such air is effected without resort to conventional ducts of large sizes, the air conditioned at the central point in accordance with the present invention being supplied through conduits of relatively small dimensions and occupying relatively little space. In oilice buildings and the like, where space is at a premium and rentals are based on the floor area available for useful purposes, the saving of space eflfected by the present invention is of great importance.
It is another object of the invention to prouide an improved air conditioning system for conditioning a plurality of enclosures in which a portion of the required conditioning is eifected at a central conditioning point remote from the enclosures and the remainder of the required conditioning is effected by apparatus of the unit type disposed in and serving the various enclosures conditioned by the system.
Broadly stated, the invention includes conditioning to a desired degree a first volume of air at a central conditioning point, and distributing this air at relatively high static pressure and at relatively high velocity to a plurality of units respectively disposed in and serving a plurality of areas or enclosures to be conditioned. The high pressure air supplied to each unit is discharged therein through nozzle formations or the like, and in this manner induces a relatively great secondary circulation of air withdrawn from the area served by the unit. The primary or high pressure air and the secondary or induced air are then supplied to the conditioned area. Preferably, the primary air is conditioned to a predetermined dewpoint at the central conditioning point, and tempering means, such as coils or the like, are disposed in the various local units to effect sensible cooling or heating of air circulated through the unit as required. The primary air preferably comprises outdoor air, and since in carrying out the invention it is preferred to use approximately one part of primary air for each four parts of secondary air supplied to each conditioned enclosure, adequate ventilation of the enclosures served by the system is thus assured.
These and other features, objects and advantages of the invention will more fully appear from the following description to be read in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view illustrating an air conditioning system embodying the invention;
Fig. 2 is a front elevational view, partly in section, of one of the local units adapted to be emplayed in carrying out the invention;
Fig. 3 is a view of the unit of Fig. 2 taken on the line 3-3 thereof;
Fig. 4 is a view in plan of the unit of Figs. 2 and 3, part of the casing being broken away to show the interior of the unit Fig. 5 is a view illustrating, in section, a valve adapted to modulate the cooling or heating action of the local units in response to changes in load requirements, and diagrammatically illustrates the piping connections to and between this control valve and the heat exchange coil of the conditioner unit;
Fig. 6 is a fragmentary view in end elevation of the interior of a unit in accordance with the invention, illustrating an indicator mechanism adapted to be employed when control of the local unit is effected manually rather than automatically;
Fig. '7 is a view in plan of the control mechanism shown in Fig. 6;
Fig. 8 is a view in perspective of a portion of the control mechanism of Figs. 6 and 7;
Fig. 9 is a fragmentary view, in perspective, of a riser employed in carrying out the invention, and a lateral connection thereto, the latter being shown in an exploded view;
Fig. 10 is a view in vertical section through an assembled lateral air connection, taken on the line Iii-l0 of Fig. 9;
Fig. 11 is a view on an enlarged scale, taken on the line I l-ll of Fig. 9, illustrating the joint formation in the vertical riser;
Fig. 12 is a view in horizontal section through one of the channels housing the air riser and water supply. return and drain pipes, which extend upwardly from the central station appa ratus for connection with the various local units of the apparatus;
Fig. 13 is a view in vertical section of a baseboard construction adapted to contain and conceal the laterally extending air conduit, water supply, water return and drain pipes, taken on the line l3ll of Fig. 14;
Fig. 14 is a view in perspective of the corner of an enclosure served by apparatus in accordance with the invention, illustrating the baseboard assembly;
Fig. 15 is a view in perspective, of a baseboard spacer element;
Fig. 16 is a view in vertical section through a manual control valve adapted to be employed in carrying out the invention, and incorporating a modified indicator mechanism in conjunction therewith; and
Fig. 17 is a view in plan of the control knob of the apparatus of Fig. 16.
Referring now to the drawings, similar numerals referring to the same or similar parts, the numeral designates generally a casing containing air conditioning apparatus of any desired type, and disposed at any desired point in or proximate a building to be conditioned. Thus, for example, the casing 25 may be disposed in the cellar, attic or storage space of a building served thereby. A fan 26 draws air through the casing, preferably from the outdoor atmosphere, whereby the air is conditioned in desired manner during its passage through the casing 25. and then discharges this air at relatively high static pressure into the primary high pressure air main TI.
The conditioning apparatus in casing 25 may be of any desired type and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited with respect thereto. As illustrated, however, the conditioner casing 25 preferably includes a filter 28, a cooling coil 2! and a reheating coil 30. Cold brine or other suitable conditioning medium is supplied to the coil 29 through supply line BI and is withdrawn therefrom through return line 32 under the influence of pump 33 which returns the liquid through strainer 34 to a cooler 35, of any desired type, from which the cooled refrigerant is returned to line 3|. Any desired means may be used to regulate suitably the temperature of the cooled refrigerant. Reheating coil 30 receives a heating medium, such as steam, from supply main 36 through branch line 31 under the control of valve :8 controlled by thermostat 39. The valve 38 admits steam to the coil 30 in a quantity sumcient to maintain the temperature of the air leaving the casing 25 at a desired point, thus reducing the relative humidity of the air leaving the cooling coil 29. Preferably the conditioner casing 25 contains also a preheating coil lll adapted to receive steam from main 38 under the control of valve ll controlled by a thermostat 42 disposed within the conditioner casing, the preheating coil 40 being intended for use under winter operating conditions. The conditioner casing preferably also contains humidifying sprays or the like 43 operative under winter operating conditions to increase the moisture content of air passing through the conditioner casing.
The pipes 44 and 45, respectively connected to pipes 32 and 3 I, and respectively served by valves 46 and 41, may be used for connecting into the circuit of the cooling coil 29 a connection to a source of well water, ice-water storage tank, or a cooling tower or the like for use when the wet bulb temperature of the outdoor air is sufllciently low to permit the use of evaporative cooling instead of the refrigeration normally supplied in any desired manner to the cooler 35. It will be understood that when the valves 46 and 41 are opened, the valves l8 and 49, respectively located in lines 32 and 3|, will be closed.
Preferably a closed expansion tank 5|) is connected by line 5| to the refrigerant return line 32, the closed expansion tank containing a quantity of compressible medium such as air and being employed at a low point in the liquid circulating system. It will be understood that if desired an open expansion tank may be used at a high level in the system in the same manner as employed, for example, in connection with hot water heating systems.
As noted above, control of the operation of the local units may be effected either manually or automatically. For purposes of illustration, the section of the system indicated within the dotted lines and designated zone A in Fig. l of the drawlngs, will be described with particular reference to automatic control, while the section of the system indicated within the dotted lines and designated zone B, will be described with particular reference to manual control. It is to be understood that each zone of the conditioning system may comprise any number of local conditioning units, and that any number of zones may be provided.
For purposes or simplifying control, it is preferable that the zones of the system be arranged in accordance with the heat loads affecting the diii'erent enclosures of the conditioned building. For example, in an oillce building all of the oilices having windows facing in an easterly direction would be subject to the heating efl'ect of the sun early in the day, whereas this heat load due to sun eflect will fall of! later in the day. All or a number of such oillces might well be served, in accordance with the invention, by local units comprising a single zone. In the same way the offices having windows facing in a southerly direction are preferably served by units comprising another zone of the conditioning system, etc. Of course, other factors than sun eii'ect may have dominating importance in this connection. Thus, if certain rooms are ordinarily occupied in a great degree, whereas other rooms are ordinarily occupied to a lesser degree, it might be desirable to arrange the zoning of the various units with reference to these factors so that desired simplicity and uniformity of control may readily be achieved. In such case units having a high heat load would form one zone and units having a low heat load would form another zone.
It is to be understood that the units comprising a zone of the system may be located on different floors, or on the same floor, or both, and that any number of units may be incorporated within a zone. The nature of the zone controls and the interconnection of the various units with the central station conditioning plant, will now be described in detail.
The air delivered by the fan 28 to the primary air distributing main 2! is at a relatively high static pressure, of the order of 5" of water. A portion of this air is diverted from the primary main 21 and passes to a vertical riser 52 of zone A and a corresponding riser 52' of zone B. Each vertical riser delivers air to a plurality of units designated generally as 53, through lateral connections 54. The primary air thus delivered to each unit serves to induce a relatively great circulation of secondary air and to promote desired circulation of air in the conditioned enclosures.
A pipe 55 connects with the cold water return line 32 and is adapted to deliver cold water or brine from said return line to cold water supply header 56, which, in turn, is adapted to supply this water to the different local units 53 of the various zones.
Each zone is provided with a control instrument, generally designated 51, which may be conveniently located at any desired point either within or without the enclosures of the zone served thereby. In practice it has been found expedient to position the control device 51 outside of the building, or in such manner that it is subject to outdoor atmospheric conditions. Preferably, the control instrument 5! comprises a device known as the Aerotherm, manufactured by Webster- Tallmadge & Co. Inc. Since this control device is well known in the art and does not, per se, form part of the invention, no detailed description thereof is deemed required here. It is to be understood, however, that the control device 51 preferably responds not only to air temperatures, ut also to air velocity, wind direction, etc., so that the device controlling each zone may accurately reflect the need either for cooling or heating of the particular zone served thereby, and may at least approximately indicate the degree of heating or cooling which is required.
When the control device 51 serving zone A indicates a demand for cooling of the enclosures served by the local units 53 of zone A, control line 58 leading from the control device 5! serves to open the three-way or proportioning valve 69 so that the pump 60 draws cold water from the header 58 upwardly through pipe BI and delivers this cold water through pipe 82 to the cold water riser 63. Under such operating conditions the control device 51, through control line 84, operates to adjust the proportioning valve 85 in such manner that flow from the pipe 62 to the pipe 63 is unimpeded. Thus, cold water may be delivered from the pipe 83 to each of the units it through lateral connections such as II, and this water may then be returned through pipe I to the cold water return line 32 at the suction side of the pump 38. When the control device 1 reflects a demand for maximum cooling, the valve 59 will be adjusted so that the pump Bl draws water only from header 56. and in this case also all of the water returning from the local units through the pipe 0! will pass to the water return line I2. However, if the cooling load is less than maximum, the proportioning valve 59 will be adjusted to an intermediate position determined by the cooling load, in which the pump 60 will draw water not only through pipe ll from the header 56, but also through bypass line 88 leading from the water return line ll. It will be understood that the control device II, by varying the proportions of water drawn from the supply header 56, and from the return line 01, will eflect a variation in the temperature of the water delivered to the units in accordance with variations in load requirements.
Under winter operating conditions, or whenever heating is required, as indicated by the control device 81, the proportioning valve It is so adjusted that the pump 60 draws water only through the bypass connection 68 from line 61. The water then delivered from the pump passes to the proportioning valve 65 through line 82 or line 89, or both, in varying proportions controlled by the valve 85 under control of device 51. The line 89 contains a heater III which receives steam from header I8 under the control of valve 1|, the valve ll preferably being controlled by the control device I! as indicated by the dotted line 12 leading to the control line 84. The valve H is normally fully open whenever heating is required, the modulation of heating effect being accomplished by the routing of diilerent portions of water through the heater 10 and through the pipe 82.
Under summer operating conditions the water discharged from the valve 65 passes to the units through line 63 and is returned therefrom through line 81. However, under winter operating conditions when automatic control of the local units 53 is employed, as in zone A, it is preferred to reverse the circulation. Thus, under winter operating conditions, hot water delivered from the proportioning valve 65 is routed through cross-over pipe 12 to pipe 61 by suitable adjustment of three-way valve 13, and water returning from the local units passes through pipe 63, thence through cross-over pipe 14 by suitable adjustment of three-way valve 15, and then returns to the inlet of pump 60 through line 68.
Suitable shut-off valves 16 and H are provided for isolating the entire piping arrangement of each zone from the central conditioning apparatus if this should be desired.
Under winter operating conditions when no cooling is required, the circulation through the cooling coil 29 of the central station conditioner 25 is interrupted and in such case the shut-off valves I8 and I! are closed to isolate the central station water circulating system from the water circulating system of the various zones. However, under winter operating conditions, or whenever the central station water circulating system is inoperative, the valve in line 8| is opened to make available to the water circulating systems oi the various zones the function of the expansion tank ill. When the central station water circulating system is operative and is operatively connected with the water circulating systems of the various zones, valve 80 is closed.
The piping and control arrangement for zone B. in which the units are controlled manually, is substantially as described in connection with zone A, except that it will be noted that valves 13 and I5, and the cross-over pipes 12 and H, are omitted. In all other respects, the piping arrangement and basic control scheme is the same as described in connection with zone A, and therefore no detailed description is deemed required with respect to zone 13.
Referring more particularly to Figs. 2, 3 and 4, illustrating one of the local units adapted to be employed, the numeral 82 designates generally a cabinet having an air inlet grille 83 formed in the front upper portion thereof and extending across a major portion of the length of the casing. Also an air outlet grille 84, comprising a plurality of vanes or louvres extending lengthwise of the casing, is provided in the top of the casing 82. Formed within the central portion of the casing 82 is an air plenum chamber 85 to which air is delivered through inlet 86 from lateral connection 54 extending from one of the vertical high pressure air risers. A valve closure member 81, operating in conjunction with valve seat 88, serves to control the volume of air admitted within the plenum chamber 85 and to effect the desired degree of pressure reduction. The valve closure member 31 is adjusted by means of a valve stem 89 preferably threaded and secured in desired position by a pair of lock nuts so which are tightened after the bottom projecting portion 9| of the valve stem has been turned to provide the desired degree of valve opening. In operation, once the valve has been adjusted to provide the desired static pressure within the plenum chamber, it remains fixed in position. However, if it is desired for any reason to cut the unit out of service. the valve is closed so that no air will be discharged through such unit, while the system is used for delivering high pressure air to other of the units continuing in active service.
Preferably, the interior of the plenum chamber 85 is provided with a plurality of sound absorbing baffles 92 constructed of any suitable sound absorbing material, which cause the air delivered to the plenum chamber to flow in a circuitous path to the top of the plenum chamber.
The top of the plenum chamber is provided with a plurality of extension chambers 93 extending crosswise of the unit and spaced from each other as best seen in Figs. 3 and 4. The tops of the chambers 93 preferably slope downwardly toward the front of the unit. Each chamber 93 is provided, at its upper extremity, with a plurality of spaced relatively small nozzles or orifices BI, in diameter or smaller, through which air is discharged upwardly at relativel high velocity. In accordance with principles which are well understood. the high velocity discharge of air through the nozzles 94 induces a relatively great circulation of air intaken within the unit through the inlet grille 83, the air discharged at high velocity and the induced air mixing in a mixing chamber 95 and then being discharged from the unit through the outlet grille ill. The induction of air within the unit and its discharge therefrom insure active circulation in the enclosure served thereby.
To prevent drafts or spilllng" of cool air in the vicinity of the unit, there are provided a plurality of diffusion vanes 95 proximate the disiii iii
charge outlet 84, and these are preferably arranged in a fan-shaped manner at varying angles, as best seen in Fig. 2. The diffusion of air lengthwise of the unit by the vanes 96 serves effectively to insure equable conditions within the enclosure without danger of drafts caused either by "spilling" or by impingement of the air stream against a relatively low ceiling or beam and resultant downward deflection. When the unit is employed in the center of a. wall area the vanes are symmetrically arranged as shown in Fig. 2, but if the unit is employed at the end of a wall area it may be preferred to have the vanes which are closest the end wall vertical and the other vanes correspondingly inclined, the vanes farthest from the end wall most closely approachin the horizontal. While the vanes 96 may be formed in any desired manner, they are preferably punched from a solid plate 91, the resultant apertures 98 serving as air passages.
Within the casing 82 at the inside of the inlet grille 83 is disposed a suitable heat exchange means of any desired type for conditioning the air induced within the unit by the discharge of primary air from the nozzles 9|. Preferably, the heat exchanger comprises coil 9! provided with suitable plate or spiral fins for increasing the efficiency of heat transfer. It is to be understood that if desired, the coil may be placed in the path of the primary air, as well as in the path of the induced air.
In Figs. 2, 3 and 4 the piping and control arrangement shown is that employed when the unit 53 is controlled manually. Water supply lin 88 extends within the unit from vertical riser 83 and passes to a shut-off valve I00. Water return connection IUI returns to pipe 51 from valve I08. The valve Hill is a twin valve which serves to interrupt flow through both the supply line 56 and return line lOi by means of a single adjustment of the valve stem N12.
The numeral I03 designates generally a control valve, the construction and operating mechanism of which are described more fully hereinafter. For present purposes, however, it is suiilcient to understand that the valve is provided with three connections-an upper connection Hi l, a center connection Hi5 and a bottom connection I05. A water supply line I01, constituting a continuation of the supply line 66, delivers water to central connection ill! of the valve I03. Some of this water thus delivered to the valve is discharged from the valve through pipe I08 and thus is delivered to the heat exchange coil 99. The water leaving the coil is returned to return pipe I09 through a connection indicated at H0. Water which is not supplied to the heat exchange coil 99 after supply to the valve I03, is bypassed from the valve back to the return pipe I09 through bypass return pipe lli, leading from valve opening Hi8. By regulation of the valve M3 by means of handle III, varying proportions of the water delivered to the valve may be routed through coil 99 and through the bypass connection III. In any event, however, regardless of the adjustment of valve Hi3, water is supplied to each unit through the supply pipe 66 and returned therefrom through the return connection IN at a constant rate. Thus, the friction losses are maintained constant and the system therefore may be hydrostatically balanced to give results superior to those obtainable where the rate of flow to and from a unit is varied in accordance with load requirements. This latter operation may be employed if desired but it is to be understood that the operation described above, in which the system remains balanced at all times, is preferable.
Preterably, the coil 99 is provided with an air vent or the like III at the upper portion thereof to relieve air irom the system.
In the operation of the central station conditioning apparatus, the primary air is reduced to a low dewpoint. when water or brine is used for this purpose in the manner illustrated in Fig. 1, the heat exchange surface is so designed that the brine returning from the coil 29 is at a higher temperature than the air leaving the conditioner casing 25. Since it is the brine from return line 32 which is supplied to the local units 53 to eflect cooling thereat, it will be appreciated that the brine delivered to the local units will generally always be above the dewpoint of the air in the conditioned enclosures so that no moisture will be condensed in the local units. This is true in all cases except on starting up of the system in a humid atmosphere or where there is a relatively high latent heat load in the conditioned enclosure tending abnormally to increase the moisture content of the air therein.
To accommodate the water which from time to time may be precipitated by the coil 99 there is provided a drain pan Ill adapted to catch any water dripping therefrom. The front portion of the drain pan Ill discharges the collected moisture into a trough II! which slopes downwardly toward the right hand side of the casing, as best seen in Fig. 2. From the low point 01' the trough II5 a drain connection H9 conveys condensate downwardly to an auxiliary condensate pan IIl which is disposed beneath all oi. the apparatus in the casing 82 to catch any condensate which may drip therefrom. The bottom of the pan I ll slopes downwardly toward the front 01' the unit and a drain connection I I9 conveys water therefrom tor disposition in any suitable manner. Preferably, the drain pipes extend from the various local units to a suitable point of condensate disposal in the manner indicated, for example, in Fig. 12. Thus, it is to be understood that the piping arrangement of Fig. i actually might also include the common drain pipes used for the various units. However, this reature has not been shown in Fig. l as it would tend unnecessarily to complicate the showing of the invention made therein.
Referring more particularly to Fig. 5, the numeral I93a designates a valve capable oi automatically modulating the heating or cooling effect of the coil 99 of the local unit 59. The control element which is preferably used in conjunction with the valve comprises a length of finned tubing II9 of the type commonly used in the construction 01' heat exchangers. The length of the control element may approximate 8" and the diameter of the tube may be oi the order of A". One end of the tube is sealed and the other end connects with a pressure tub I29 which extends within the housing HI 0! the valve Ilila. The control element H9 is filled with a volatile fluid adapted to expand and contract with changes in temperature, such as ether, and the control element H9 is placed within the casing 92 behind the air inlet grille 92 and in the path of air intaken within the unit through said grille, so that the control element reflects the temperature within the enclosure served by the unit. The control element is preferably shielded in any desired manner from th heating or cooling eflect of the coil 99 so as to insure more accurate control.
Through the top cap I22 of the valve there flanged disc or the like I29. The rod I28 is provided with a control handle 2 for use in adjusting the setting 0! the valve.
The flange I24 is secured in a gas-tight manner to the upper extremity 01' an expansible bellows I25, the lower extremity oi the bellows being secured in a fluid-tight manner to a disc I29. The pressure tube I29 leads from the interior of the thermal element I I9 to the interior 0! the bellows I25 so that as the temperature afiecting the control element III is varied, the bellows I2! is caused correspondingly to expand and contract. A stud I21 extends within the interior of the bellows to decrease the free volume in the bellows, as this insures a more prompt and sensitive operation of the valve. The disc I29 is connected to a rod I29 extending downwardly therefrom and bearing a flange I29 at its lower extremity. The rod I29 extends within a cup-shaped member I39 and the flange I29 provides for retention of the rod I29 within the member I99 so that as the rod I28 is raised the member I29 will be raised correspondingly. A spring l2l, extending between the bottom of disc I29 and the top oi member I39, tends to maintain maximum separation of these two elements. The lower portion of member I39 carries a disc Illa to which there is connected. in a fluid-tight manner, a sealing bellows I92, and also a rod I32 extending through a plate I34 to which the bellows I22 is connected. Thus, the operating fluid ot the thermal element is prevented from escaping within the valve and also the water or brine controlled by the valve is eflectively prevented i'rmn escaping within the valve.
The rod I39 bears downwardly upon a lever I29 pivoted at I36. The tree and of the lever I" bears downwardly upon a lever I91, pivoted at I98, at a point proximate the fulcrum I39. The lever I3! is adapted to actuate the valve stem I" which is operably connected through a starshaped guide I49 to a valve closure member Ill, comprising a pair 0! oppositely arranged faces I92. The arrangement oi levers Iii and I2! is employed for the purpose of multiplying the motion of the primary control rod. Thus tor a given movement of the valve rod III the corresponding movement of valve rod I29 may be four or flve times as great. This amplification makes for increased sensitivity and refinement of control and makes it possible to maintain within very close limits the desired temperature in the conditioned enclosure.
Th valve seat serving the upper face I92 is iormed in a partition plate Ill provided between the upper connection I94 and the center connection I95 01' the valve. The seat I, cooperating with the lower face I42 of the valve member I, is disposed between the central connection I" and the bottom connection I96 of the valve. Spring 5, operating on valve guide I49, biases the valve in an upward direction.
Under summer operating conditions, or whenever cooling is required, a temperature higher than that desired requires an increased flow or cooling medium through the valve. Under winter operating conditions, however, a temperature higher than normal calls for a decreased rate of flow of heating medium through the coil. To render the local unit entirely automatic so that its single valve may provide for the accurate control oi temperature under both summer and winter operating conditions, the flow oi conditioning fluid to and from the local unit is reextends adjustable rod I23 bearing against a versed as explained above in connection with three-way valves 13 and II and cross-over connections 12 and 14.
Fig. 5, in addition to illustrating the structure of the valve, discloses diagrammatically the piping arrangement at the local unit which is employed in the case automatic operation.
Under summer operating conditions, as explained in connection with Fig. l, cooling medium is supplied through line 63, and thus enters the valve through the central connection I". Assuming a demand for cooling to exist, the high temperature ailecting the control element II! will cause depression oi the valve III and thus some 0! the liquid entering the valve at connection I will flow upwardly and out oi the valve through HM and through line I" to the heat exchange coil 99. The conditioning medium passing irom the cofl is routed through line I48 to junction I and then passes through pipe I50, containing check valve I500, to line 61 and is thus returned from the local unit. The portion or the conditioning medium supplied to the valve which is not so routed, passes downwardly in the valve past the valve seat I and is discharged through connection I06 to line I5I through which it passes to junction I49, where this fluid is joined with the fluid discharged from the conditioning coil 99 and is returned therewith to the lin 61. As more conditioning is required under summer operating conditions, more cold liquid is circulated through the conditioning coil 99 and less is bypassed through Illi, and as less conditioning is required less cold liquid will be supplied to the coil 99 and more will be bypassed through IIIG.
Under winter operating conditions reverse operation occurs, and in this case an increased temperature affecting the thermal control element Ill results in decreased supp y of conditioning medium, which is then at a relatively high temperature, to the conditioning coil. Under winter operating conditions, conditioning medium is supplied through line 61 and passes through the branch line I52 containing check valve I52a, to junction I53. Part of the conditioning medium travels through the pipe I41 and enters the valve at connection Ill and passes downwardly therein and is discharged from the valve through connection I05. The other portion of the conditioning fluid passes from the junction I53 to the conditioning coil 99, is discharged therefrom through line I 48 and through connection ISI, and enters the valve at I" and is discharged therefrom through central opening IIIS together with the fluid which was bypassed through connection I". As the temperature aflecting the thermal control element H9 rises, the valve I will be lowered and hence more of the conditioning fluid will be bypassed from IN to I05, and correspondingly less or the conditioning fluid will pass through the coil 99 and the lower portion of the valve from IIIB to I05. Conversely, if the temperature is lower than desired, more of the heating fluid will be routed through the conditioning coil and a lesser quantity will be bypassed.
When the valve controlling the action oi the heat exchange coil 99 is controlled manually, ther is no necessity for reversing the flow of the conditioning medium through the pipes 63 and 81 as in the case of automatic control in the manner Just described, since an operator can readily turn the valve in either direction as required to bring about the desired change in the conditioning action. Thus, under summer operating conditions, when the local unit is supplied with cooling medium, ii the temperature In the enclosure served by the unit is too high the operator will depress the valve III so as to permit increased flow oi. cooling medium irom opening III! to opening I serving the pipe I08, which delivers conditioning medium to the coil 99; and ii the temperature is too low the operator will adjust the valve to raise the valve member Ill so that a lesser quantity 0! cooling medium flows through the conditioning coil 89. Under winter operating conditions, when heating medium is supplied to the conditioning unit, the operation is merely reversed. Thus, when the temperature in the enclosure is too high, the operator will raise the valve Ill to diminish the supply of heating medium to the coil 09 through the pipe IIIII, and ii the conditioned enclosure is too cold, the valve Ill will be depressed to permit a greater supply of conditioning medium to the coil 99 through the connection I08.
During intermediate seasons, however, certain operating difllculties tend to arise. Thus, under certain conditions some 01' the zones of a conditioned enclosure may require heating while others require cooling. Under such conditions the central station apparatus would be operative for supplying cooled and dehumidifled primary air to all zones, but the local zone control device 61 might cut oil the supply of cooling medium to a zone requiring heating and instead might turn on the steam to warm the water circulated to and through the local units of such zone. Under such circumstances an operator seeking manually to adjust the valve might have some difllculty in determining whether the unit was being supplied with hot or cold water. Thus, it the operator put his hand over the air outlet grille of a unit supplied with hot water, he might experience a sensation of cooling arising from the relatively low dewpoint of the air and its rela- 4c tively high velocity, although the delivered air 6 too warm, he would naturally open the valve wider, If in fact the unit was being supplied with warm water, such increased opening of the valve would naturally aggravate his discomfort. Thus, there is indicated a need for a device which will positively indicate to the operator the direction in which the valve should be adjusted to produce a desired change, so that under both summer and winter operating conditions, and regardless of whether the unit is being supplied with warm water or cold water, the operator will at all times be enabled to make the required adjustment promptly and without experimentation.
To this end there is preferably provided an arrangement such as illustrated in Figs. 6-8, which automatically indicates the direction in which the valve should be turned to provide i'or desired regulation of the room temperature, regardless of whether the unit is being supplied with hot water or cold water.
As illustrated, a thermal bulb IE4 is placed in heat exchange relation with the water supply pipe W1. A pressure control line I leading from the thermal bulb I communicates with the interior or an expansible bellows I56. The expansible bellows I56 carries a slide plate I61 bearing suitable indicia indicated at I58. The slide plate I51 may be supported by suitable flanges or the like I59 and the plate IBI is mounted just beneath the top I 0! the conditioner casing, preferably at an end thereof. In the top or the conditioner casing are provided a plurality of apertures. one of these being designated it! and the other I62. When the unit 53 is being supplied with cold water, the bellows I56 will be relatively contracted and the marking W" or "Warmer" or the like may then be visible through the aperture it! while the marking "C or Colder or the like may be visible through the aperture "52. Thus, under summer operating conditions, or when cold water is being supplied to the unit, the operator will turn the valve handle H2 in a clockwise direction as seen in Fig. 7 to increase the cooling eifect, and in a counterclockwise direction as seen in Fig. '7 to decrease the cooling effect. Under winter operating conditions, or when heating medium is being supplied to the local unit 53, the bellows I56 will be caused to expand. This will move the slide I51 and the indicia visible through the apertures I and I62 will therefore be reversed. Therefore, if an operator under winter operating conditions feels too warm the valve handle I II will then be turned in a counter-clockwise direction as seen in Fig. 7 to increase the conditioning efl'ect, and if he feels too cool the valve handle will be turned in a clockwise direction as seen in Fig. 7. As will be understood, the valve handle is so arranged that adjustment of the handle in accordance with the position of slide I51 will effect the required adlustment of valve closure member I.
It is to be understood that the adjustable indicator mechanism illustrated in Figs. 6-8 is employed only because the direction of flow of the conditioning medium is the same regardless of whether the conditioning medium is hot or cold. If desired, the cross-over pipes 12 and I4, and the three-way valves 13 and 15 described in connection with zone A of the system, may be incorporated in zones such as B in which the local units are manually controlled, and'in such case there will be no need for providing the adjustable indicator mechanism of Figs. 6-8 which changes its position in accordance with the temperature of the conditioning medium. If the changeover arrangement is employed for reversing the flow in accordance with whether heating or cooling is being eflected by the conditioning medium, an operator will always turn the valve in one direction if the enclosure served by the unit is too warm, and will always turn the valve in the opposite direction if the enclosure served by the unit is too cold.
It is to be understood, moreover, that while the valves 13 and 15 have been described as beins three-way valves, the reversal of flow may be effected by the use of ordinary shut-oil valves arranged in a manner well understood in the piping art. These change-over valves may be controlled manually but preferably are arranged automatically to change their position in accordance with I the temperature of the conditioning medium made available for delivery to the local units of any zone, and as explained above, the temperature of the conditioning medium made available for supply to any particular zone is controlled in accordance with the particular requirements of that zone. Thus, cold water may be circulated through some of the zones while hot water is circulated through other of the zones. Since any well-known means may be used for eflecting the adjustment of the changeover valves in response to changes in the temperature of conditioning medium made available for supply to the zones served thereby, no detailed showing of such control apparatus for the valves is deemed necessary here.
Referring now to Fig. 9, which illustrates a section of one of the high pressure air risers, and a portion of a lateral connection extending therefrom, the latter being shown in an exploded view. 52 designates the vertical riser which replaces, in
the present invention, the relatively large and expensive distribution ducts of conventional air conditioning systems. The riser pipe I: is of relatively small dimensions and comprises a tube of suitable metal or the like. It may comprise. for example, a welded tube of galvanized steel. While it is to be understood that the size of the riser 52 will vary in accordance with the requirements of particular installations, and the amount of air a particular section is required to handle, the diameter of the riser pipe will generally be of the order of about 6". This is in marked contrast to the relatively large ducts required in conventional systems for distributing conditioned air from a central conditioning point to a plurality of remote enclosures served by the system. Thus, these conduits have an area of only about '7 to 10% of the area occupied by conventional ducts. Also, it will be appreciated that installation and assembly of risers comprising sections of pipe, such as 52, may be accomplished quickly and readily at relatively low cost. The vertical risers are assembled from separate sec tions which are joined together by suitable joints such as illustrated at ill, the preferred manner of Joining the various sections of the riser 52 being shown more particularly in Fig. 11.
The exploded view portion of Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 illustrate a preferred method of connecting the lateral air connections 54 to the high pressure air risers. As illustrated, a pipe nipple I8! is welded to the riser pipe 52, the latter having a suitable opening i63 formed therein. The pipe nipple I82 is externally threaded, as indicated at I84, and is internally recessed so as to receive therewithin a flexible conduit I85 of any desired construction. Preferably, the flexible conduit is of the type illustrated in Fig. 10 which is well known in the art. I66 designates a gasket of any suitable compressible material, preferably neoprene, and I" designates a metal follower ring, preferably formed of brass or the like, which abuts the gasket and causes the latter to bear against the outer end of the pipe nipple I62. A screw cap I81 having an internally threaded cylindrical flange, engages the threads of the pipe I62 so as to take up on the follower ring and gasket. The other end of the flexible conduit IE5 is suitably secured to the laterally extending tube I68 which extends to the unit or units served by the lateral connection enerally designated 54. Preferably, the flexible conduit is secured to the pipe I 88 by being soldered thereto at I59 and by means of rivets or the like indicated at I".
It is to be understood that the primary air within the risers 52 must at all times be at a static pressure which is sufficiently high so that note withstanding friction losses and pressure drops throughout the system there may be a sufficient pressure available at the local unit most remote from the central station for providing the desired induction eil'ect when the high pressure air is discharged within the local unit. Thus, it will be apparent that at intermediate local units the pressure in the riser pipe will be too high to provide the desired induction effect. Delivery of air within the unit at too high a pressure results in excessive velocity, noisy discharge, and an excessive rate of air circulation. Therefore, it is necessary to provide suitable means for reducing the pressure of the primary air which is delivered to the various local units.
In operation, the pressure in the primary air riser may be of the order 01' 4" of water, whereas the optimum pressure within the plenum chamber 85 of each local unit will preferably be of the order of about i" of water. To accomplish the necessary reduction of pressure in a noiseless manner, the pressure is preferably reduced in stages. To this end there is provided an orifice ring I" within the pipe nipple I62. The orifice ring "I has a relatively small opening I12 formed therein, the size of the opening being determined in accordance with the amount of pressure reduction which is to be effected by the orifice ring. As will be understood, the smaller the opening the greater will be the pressure reduction. The additional or secondary stage of pressure reduction is accomplished by the valve 81 disposed at the air entrance I. to the plenum chamber of each local unit. Reduction of the pressure in this manner assures simplicity in construction and quietness and efficacy in operation. Where there is a relatively small pressure differential between the pressure in the air main and the desired pressure in the plenum chamber of a local unit, and where the air valve at the unit may be depended upon to accomplish the required pressure reduction in a satisfactory manner, the orifice ring may be eliminated from the lateral connection serving such unit. This is often true in the case of units remote from the central conditioning apparatus.
Referring more particularly to Fig. 11 illustrating the manner in which the various sections of the riser 52 are assembled, the section 52a of the riser pipe 52 is belied at its upper extremity as indicated at I13, and the upper section 52b of the riser pipe 52 is disposed within the belied portion I13 of the lower section. The bottom extremity of the section 521) is preferably belied slightly outwardly as indicated at I14, the portion I'll abutting the shoulder I15 formed at the bottom of the belied portion I13. An air-tight and mechanically strong joint is assured by the provision of a wedging member generally designated I18 disposed between the belied portion I13 and the lower portion of the pipe section 521). The inner surface of the wedging member I18 is cylindrical but the outside thereof is tapered to conform to the taper at the inside of the belied portion I13. The bottom portion I11 of the wedging member I16 is continuous, as is also the intermediate section I18 which is formed with a somewhat smaller outer diameter than the lower section I18 to provide a groove I19. The upper portion I80 of the wedging member I18 is provided with a plurality of vertically extending slits I8I. By forcing the wedging member I16 tightly within the space between the belied portion I13 and the lower portion of section 52b, an air-tight and mechanically strong joint may be effected readily and quickly, without resort to solder or any other bonding or sealing material.
Fig. 12 is a horizontal section taken through a vertically extending assembly used for containing and concealing the riser pipe 52, the watq' circulation pipes 63 and 81, and a suitable drain pipe I82 communicating with the drain pipes II8 of the local units. All of the vertically extending pipes and conduits are contained within a suitable housing generally designated I83 which comprises a structural section I and an outer portion III of iinishing plaster or the like. It will be noted that the connecting pipes 68 and IIII of the water circulating system connecting with the water circulating riser 63 and 81 are loop'ed around the air riser 52 so that the bends thus formed in these connecting pipes may provide for suitable expansion and contraction due to changes in temperature of the circulated condltioning medium. Preferably, the water circulating pipes are insulated in any suitable manner.
It will be understood that the vertical risers will not always be in immediate proximity to the local units, and it will therefore be required to run short lateral connections from the vertical riser and water pipes to the local units. In order that these laterally extending connections may be concealed from view, there is provided the baseboard arrangement illustrated in Figs. 13-15. As shown, a plurality of brackets I88 are secured to the wall of a room in any desired manner, as by screws I81. The upper extremities of the brackets I86 are provided with belied portions I88 behind which there is adapted to be positioned the downwardly extending flange I88 of a baseboard cover piece I90. The lower portion of the cover piece is received within a pocket formed between an upwardly extending leg I9I of the bracket and a belied portion I92 of an upwardly extending member I83 suitably secured in any desired manner to the leg I8I of the bracket. Within the space thus formed there is also inserted the downwardly extending flange I9! of a base protecting plate I formed of suitable material adapted to withstand the corrosive action of cleaning agents which might come in contact therewith when the floors of the conditioned enclosure are cleaned. Mounted within the channel formed by the cover plate I98 is a drain trough I96 secured, as by screws I81, to the brackets I86. Over the drain pan I98 is positioned the laterally extending air connection BI and the water connections 65 and IIII. Thus, any moisture which might possibly be precipitated within the baseboard conduit is adapted to be caught by the drain pan I88, which may deliver the condensed moisture to drain pipe II8 as by means of a suitable connection I98. It will be appreciated that the cover piece of the baseboard assembly may be removed very readily to provide immediate access to the lateral air and water connections. Also, the baseboard assembly may be installed very quickly and conveniently and with the assurance that the assembly after completed will provide a finished and attractive appearance and will effectively conceal the lateral pipes connecting the unit with the vertical r ser.
When it is necessary to extend the lateral connections to a wall or partition, this may be accomplished neatly by means of the finishing piece I99 illustrated in Figs. 14 and 15. The finishing piece may be used in conjunction with a conventional wood molding 280 so that the finished assembly will be entirely attractive as well as mechanically satisfactory.
If desired, a small quantity of the air conditioned in the central station conditioning apparatus may be discharged within the space "I surrounding the vertically extending air risers and water connection and drain pipes. As will be understood, the air thus conditioned has a relatively low dewpoint and hence effectively prevents condensation upon the outer surfaces of the water supply or other pipes of the riser system. As pointed out above, the dewpoint of the air conditioned at the central station will generally be lower than the temperature of the water supplied to the local units for cooling purposes and this relationship practically precludes any possibility of condensation after normal operating conditions have been established. Condensation will tend to occur only when the system is placed in operation in a humid atmosphere or when there is an abnormal increase in the moisture content of the atmosphere surrounding the pipes of the riser system or in the conditioned enclosures.
Preferably, the front or the plenum chamber of each local unit is provided with a removable plate 202 so that if, for any reason, access to the interior of the plenum chamber should become necessary. as for purposes of inspection, cleaning or repair, such access may be had conveniently.
Figs. 16 and 1'! illustrate a valve construction adapted to be employed when manual control of the heating and cooling at the local units is desired. Such a valve is indicated at I08 in Figs. 2 and 3 and also in Fig. 6, except that the valve in Fig. 6 does not include the indicator mechanism disclosed in Fig. 16. The valve I03 is essentially the same as the valve illustrated in Fig. 5 except for the omission of the expansible bellows and the multiplying mechanism which heeome unnecessary and may be eliminated in the case of manual operation. Thus, the valve includes a, casing l2l, a top cap I22 and an actuating stem l23a, the valve stem lilo being hollow to provide a longitudinally extending channel 203 therewithin. The bottom of the rod I230 bears against an adjustahly positioned plate I! la and is adapted to cause displacement of this plate. The plate Illa is connected to the partition plate I by a sealing bellows I32, as in Fig. 5. A rod Ilia extends downwardly from the plate Illa and is movabl therewith to actuate the valve closure member Ill. The plate ills is provided with a central opening 204 and the rod liila is provided with a channel 204 extending therewithin and constituting an extension through the plate Illa oi the channel 203 within the valve stem i224. The handle I l2a is secured to the valve stem i214: in any desired manner as by means of a set screw Ill so that as the handle is rotated, the valve stem is correspondingly rotated and raised or lowered by means of the threads 206 to provide the desired adjustment of position of the valve closure member Ill.
Within the channels 2 and 204 there is positioned the stem 201 01' a thermal indicator having a rotating disc Ill mounted at the top thereof and within a recess formed in the top of the handle "2a. The recess is covered by a closure plate 210 which is provided with an aperture 2 through which a portion of the indicator plate 208 may be seen. A screw III, or similar means, is employed to rotate the stem oi the thermal indicator as the handle Illa is rotated so that the relative positions of the indicator disc 208 and the valve handle 2a may remain unaflected except by changes in temperature afl'ecting the stem 201. Since thermal indicators of this type are well known in the art and in themselves do not constitute a part 01' the present invention, no detailed description thereof is deemed required here. One type of thermal indicator of the character indicated is manufactured by the Weston Electrical Instrument Company of Newark, New
Jersey. the instrummts manufactured by this 16 company, however, being generally provided with a dial pointer rather than a disc as here disclosed. As will be understood, the thermo-responsive stem 207, extending within and through the body or the valve, will respond to changes in the temperature of the fluid passing through the valve and thus will change the position of the disc 20!! in accordance with such changes in temperature. Theupper face of disc 20! is provided with two sets of arrow indicators pointing in opposite directions and arranged throughout different arcuate portions of the indicator disc. When the conditioning medium circulated through the valve is cold, one portion of the indicator disc 268 will appear opposite the aperture 2, this portion bearing the arrows H3. The word Colder" appears upon the cover disc 2l0 proximate the aperture, and when the arrows 2l3 are visible through the aperture 2| I, this will indicate that to provide cooler conditions in the enclosure the valv handle should be turned in a clockwise direction. This will depress the valve closure member Ill and permit more conditioning medium to enter the pipe I20 and thus pass to the conditioner coils. It the room is too cool under such operating conditions the valve will be turned in a reverse direction to diminish the amount of cooling medium passing to the conditioning coil. When the conditioning medium supplied to the valve is warm another portion of the indicator disc 208 will appear through the aperture 2| I, the arrows 2 then indicating the direction in which the valve should be turned to provide a. desired change in temperature within the enclosure.
Thus, when heating medium is supplied to the valve, turning the valve in a counter-clockwise direction will render the enclosure cooler by raising the valve closure device Ill and diminishing the supply of heating medium to the conditioner coils, whereas turning the valve handle in a reverse or clockwise direction will depress the valve closure member Ill and cause more heating medium to pass to the conditioner coils. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art, that instead of the word "Cooler" the word Warmer" might be applied on the valve handle, in which case the arrows will each point in a direction opposite to that shown in the drawings, and that variations may be made in the physical embodiment of the invention without departing from the concept herein disclosed.
It will be observed that the system as above described is adapted readily to be installed in existing structures, particularly in those provided with the piping lines customary in steam heating and hot water installations, and that it is also well adapted to be installed in new structures. The installation of the system in either case is facilitated by the use of the high pressure piping for conveying the primary air at relatively high pressure and at a velocity which may be of the order of 3000-5000 feet per minute instead of the conventional ducts which occupy a vastly greater amount of space.
Because the number of local units in operation may vary from time to time, it may be desired to employ a static pressure regulator for maintaining a substantially constant pressure in the primary air mains by throttling the supply of air to the mains from the primary fan, or varying flue effectiveness of the fan by varying its speed, or by both methods in combination. Since static pressure regulators operating in this way are well known in the art and do not, per se, form part or the invention, although desirable to:- use in connection therewith when the number of units in operation is considerably varied from time to time, no detailed description thereof is deemed required here.
Since many changes may be made in the invention without departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that all matter set forth in the above description, or shown in the accompanying drawings. be regarded as illustrative only and not in a limiting sense.
I claim:
I. In an apparatus of the character described for conditioning a plurality areas, a conditioner remote from said areas, means for supplying air to be conditioned to said conditioner, a plurality oi. induction units in said areas. at least one of said units serving each area to be conditioned. conduit means comprising tubes 01' a diameter of the order of six inches and connecting said units with said conditioner, means for delivering conditioned air for ventilation irom said conditioner into said conduit means and for routing said conditioned air therethrough at a static pressure in excess or 1" water gauge and at a velocity of the order of 3000 to 5000 feet per minute, means in each of said units including a plurality of nozzles for discharging said conditioned air within said units at relatively high velocity, means for supplying within the units other air from the conditioned areas induced by the high velocity discharge of conditioned air within the units, said other air being induced in volume suiilcient when mixed with the conditioned air to take care of the circulation requirements of the conditioned areas whereby the use of return ducts to said conditioner is eliminated and said tubes limited in size in the ventilation requirements of said areas, means for discharging said conditioned air and said induced air from each unit into the area served thereby, means for passing a conditioning medium in heat exchange relation with said air through said conditioner, and means for conditioning medium in heat exchange relation with air in said units.
2. In an apparatus according to claim 1, a supply of conditioning medium, a fluid circuit tor supplyin conditioning medium from said supply to the conditioner, another fluid circuit for supplying conditioning medium to said units. and means automatically operative mponsive to variations in temperature conditions for varying the circulation of conditioning medium routed to said units whereby diil'erent areas served by difi'erent units will be maintained at diiierent temperature conditions.
3. In an apparatus according to claim 1, valve means operatively connected to said units and adapted to control the circulation of conditioning medium through said units, and a thermo-responsive control element regulating the operation 0! said valve means, said control element being disposed within a unit in the path of induced air passing into the unit.
WILLIS H. CARRIER.
CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.
Patent No 2, 5 ,291i.
November 21, 191 h.
WILLIS H. csnnmn.
It is hereby certified that error appears in flee above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: In the heading to the printed specification, line 6, for the serial number "389,7h9 read --289,7l .9-; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.
Signed and sealed an 25th day of September, A. D. 19%.
(Seal) Leslie Frazer First Assistant Commissioner of Patents.-
connection therewith when the number of units in operation is considerably varied from time to time, no detailed description thereof is deemed required here.
Since many changes may be made in the invention without departing from the scope thereof, it is intended that all matter set forth in the above description, or shown in the accompanying drawings. be regarded as illustrative only and not in a limiting sense.
I claim:
I. In an apparatus of the character described for conditioning a plurality areas, a conditioner remote from said areas, means for supplying air to be conditioned to said conditioner, a plurality oi. induction units in said areas. at least one of said units serving each area to be conditioned. conduit means comprising tubes 01' a diameter of the order of six inches and connecting said units with said conditioner, means for delivering conditioned air for ventilation irom said conditioner into said conduit means and for routing said conditioned air therethrough at a static pressure in excess or 1" water gauge and at a velocity of the order of 3000 to 5000 feet per minute, means in each of said units including a plurality of nozzles for discharging said conditioned air within said units at relatively high velocity, means for supplying within the units other air from the conditioned areas induced by the high velocity discharge of conditioned air within the units, said other air being induced in volume suiilcient when mixed with the conditioned air to take care of the circulation requirements of the conditioned areas whereby the use of return ducts to said conditioner is eliminated and said tubes limited in size in the ventilation requirements of said areas, means for discharging said conditioned air and said induced air from each unit into the area served thereby, means for passing a conditioning medium in heat exchange relation with said air through said conditioner, and means for conditioning medium in heat exchange relation with air in said units.
2. In an apparatus according to claim 1, a supply of conditioning medium, a fluid circuit tor supplyin conditioning medium from said supply to the conditioner, another fluid circuit for supplying conditioning medium to said units. and means automatically operative mponsive to variations in temperature conditions for varying the circulation of conditioning medium routed to said units whereby diil'erent areas served by difi'erent units will be maintained at diiierent temperature conditions.
3. In an apparatus according to claim 1, valve means operatively connected to said units and adapted to control the circulation of conditioning medium through said units, and a thermo-responsive control element regulating the operation 0! said valve means, said control element being disposed within a unit in the path of induced air passing into the unit.
WILLIS H. CARRIER.
CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.
Patent No 2, 5 ,291i.
November 21, 191 h.
WILLIS H. csnnmn.
It is hereby certified that error appears in flee above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: In the heading to the printed specification, line 6, for the serial number "389,7h9 read --289,7l .9-; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.
Signed and sealed an 25th day of September, A. D. 19%.
(Seal) Leslie Frazer First Assistant Commissioner of Patents.-
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Cited By (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2429736A (en) * 1945-05-23 1947-10-28 Ind Patent Corp Automatic toaster
US2462217A (en) * 1949-02-22 Valve for thermal systems
US2492757A (en) * 1945-07-26 1949-12-27 Carrier Corp Air-conditioning system
US2548665A (en) * 1948-03-11 1951-04-10 Carrier Corp Room cooling units embodying control to limit condensation
US2567758A (en) * 1945-12-01 1951-09-11 Carrier Corp Air-conditioning method
US2609743A (en) * 1947-01-16 1952-09-09 Carrier Corp Dual duct air conditioning system
US2633070A (en) * 1951-03-26 1953-03-31 Walter E Gillham Air conditioning apparatus
DE948551C (en) * 1950-09-28 1956-09-06 William Joseph Caldwell Process for air conditioning rooms
US2775188A (en) * 1952-11-19 1956-12-25 Russell R Gannon Means for heating and ventilating rooms, particularly school rooms and the like
DE1026943B (en) * 1952-03-26 1958-03-27 Raumluftgestaltung M B H Ges Air conditioning system
US2844086A (en) * 1954-05-26 1958-07-22 Carrier Corp Damper arrangements for air conditioning units
DE1037684B (en) * 1950-06-22 1958-08-28 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab Process for regulating the air climate in rooms
US2907178A (en) * 1957-10-04 1959-10-06 Borg Warner Air conditioning systems
US2913227A (en) * 1956-02-06 1959-11-17 Trane Co Air conditioning unit
US2928260A (en) * 1957-02-08 1960-03-15 Borg Warner Air conditioning systems
US2930593A (en) * 1957-07-05 1960-03-29 Borg Warner Air conditioning systems
DE1085315B (en) * 1954-05-26 1960-07-14 Carrier Corp Device for air conditioning
US2962953A (en) * 1956-01-13 1960-12-06 Carrier Corp Nozzle construction
US2975609A (en) * 1955-08-01 1961-03-21 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab Air conditioning
DE1114022B (en) * 1956-01-13 1961-09-21 Carrier Corp air conditioner
US3024008A (en) * 1958-01-23 1962-03-06 Borg Warner Three-pipe air conditioning systems
US3032323A (en) * 1956-12-03 1962-05-01 Carrier Corp Air conditioning systems
US3041047A (en) * 1956-01-13 1962-06-26 Carrier Corp Air conditioning systems
US3050958A (en) * 1961-04-12 1962-08-28 American Air Filter Co Through-piping arrangement for air conditioning unit
DE1145336B (en) * 1954-12-10 1963-03-14 Carrier Corp Valve for heat exchanger for space heating or cooling
DE1147367B (en) * 1953-11-23 1963-04-18 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab Method and device for air conditioning rooms
DE1167507B (en) * 1959-01-26 1964-04-09 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab Device for air conditioning rooms
US3198245A (en) * 1960-12-05 1965-08-03 Borg Warner Air conditioning systems
DE1208865B (en) * 1953-08-04 1966-01-13 Anemostat Raumlufttechnik G M Device for air conditioning rooms
DE1259075B (en) * 1962-11-09 1968-01-18 Carrier Corp Air distribution unit for air conditioners
DE1263263B (en) * 1963-12-27 1968-03-14 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab Method for air conditioning several rooms
US4316624A (en) * 1979-11-01 1982-02-23 Davlin Irwin H Access union
WO1999035445A1 (en) * 1997-12-30 1999-07-15 Hydro-Quebec Integrated heating and fresh air supply device for use with an air distribution system
US6490410B2 (en) 2000-04-04 2002-12-03 Hydro-Quebec Wall mounted electric convection heater
US20110056087A1 (en) * 2009-09-04 2011-03-10 Tinsley Douglas M Dual Path Kiln Improvement
US7963048B2 (en) * 2005-05-23 2011-06-21 Pollard Levi A Dual path kiln
US10619921B2 (en) 2018-01-29 2020-04-14 Norev Dpk, Llc Dual path kiln and method of operating a dual path kiln to continuously dry lumber

Cited By (40)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2462217A (en) * 1949-02-22 Valve for thermal systems
US2429736A (en) * 1945-05-23 1947-10-28 Ind Patent Corp Automatic toaster
US2492757A (en) * 1945-07-26 1949-12-27 Carrier Corp Air-conditioning system
US2567758A (en) * 1945-12-01 1951-09-11 Carrier Corp Air-conditioning method
US2609743A (en) * 1947-01-16 1952-09-09 Carrier Corp Dual duct air conditioning system
US2548665A (en) * 1948-03-11 1951-04-10 Carrier Corp Room cooling units embodying control to limit condensation
DE1037684B (en) * 1950-06-22 1958-08-28 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab Process for regulating the air climate in rooms
DE948551C (en) * 1950-09-28 1956-09-06 William Joseph Caldwell Process for air conditioning rooms
US2633070A (en) * 1951-03-26 1953-03-31 Walter E Gillham Air conditioning apparatus
DE1026943B (en) * 1952-03-26 1958-03-27 Raumluftgestaltung M B H Ges Air conditioning system
US2775188A (en) * 1952-11-19 1956-12-25 Russell R Gannon Means for heating and ventilating rooms, particularly school rooms and the like
DE1208865B (en) * 1953-08-04 1966-01-13 Anemostat Raumlufttechnik G M Device for air conditioning rooms
DE1147367B (en) * 1953-11-23 1963-04-18 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab Method and device for air conditioning rooms
US2844086A (en) * 1954-05-26 1958-07-22 Carrier Corp Damper arrangements for air conditioning units
DE1085315B (en) * 1954-05-26 1960-07-14 Carrier Corp Device for air conditioning
DE1145336B (en) * 1954-12-10 1963-03-14 Carrier Corp Valve for heat exchanger for space heating or cooling
US2975609A (en) * 1955-08-01 1961-03-21 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab Air conditioning
US2962953A (en) * 1956-01-13 1960-12-06 Carrier Corp Nozzle construction
DE1114022B (en) * 1956-01-13 1961-09-21 Carrier Corp air conditioner
US3041047A (en) * 1956-01-13 1962-06-26 Carrier Corp Air conditioning systems
US2913227A (en) * 1956-02-06 1959-11-17 Trane Co Air conditioning unit
US3032323A (en) * 1956-12-03 1962-05-01 Carrier Corp Air conditioning systems
US2928260A (en) * 1957-02-08 1960-03-15 Borg Warner Air conditioning systems
US2930593A (en) * 1957-07-05 1960-03-29 Borg Warner Air conditioning systems
US2907178A (en) * 1957-10-04 1959-10-06 Borg Warner Air conditioning systems
US3024008A (en) * 1958-01-23 1962-03-06 Borg Warner Three-pipe air conditioning systems
DE1167507B (en) * 1959-01-26 1964-04-09 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab Device for air conditioning rooms
US3198245A (en) * 1960-12-05 1965-08-03 Borg Warner Air conditioning systems
US3050958A (en) * 1961-04-12 1962-08-28 American Air Filter Co Through-piping arrangement for air conditioning unit
DE1259075B (en) * 1962-11-09 1968-01-18 Carrier Corp Air distribution unit for air conditioners
DE1263263B (en) * 1963-12-27 1968-03-14 Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab Method for air conditioning several rooms
US4316624A (en) * 1979-11-01 1982-02-23 Davlin Irwin H Access union
WO1999035445A1 (en) * 1997-12-30 1999-07-15 Hydro-Quebec Integrated heating and fresh air supply device for use with an air distribution system
US6132310A (en) * 1997-12-30 2000-10-17 Hydro-Quebec Integrated heating and fresh air supply device for use with an air distribution system
US6490410B2 (en) 2000-04-04 2002-12-03 Hydro-Quebec Wall mounted electric convection heater
US7963048B2 (en) * 2005-05-23 2011-06-21 Pollard Levi A Dual path kiln
US20110056087A1 (en) * 2009-09-04 2011-03-10 Tinsley Douglas M Dual Path Kiln Improvement
US8201501B2 (en) 2009-09-04 2012-06-19 Tinsley Douglas M Dual path kiln improvement
US8342102B2 (en) 2009-09-04 2013-01-01 Douglas M Tinsley Dual path kiln improvement
US10619921B2 (en) 2018-01-29 2020-04-14 Norev Dpk, Llc Dual path kiln and method of operating a dual path kiln to continuously dry lumber

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